00:35 G*Power 3:23 Centring 5:16 Missing data 6:52 outliers 20:10 multicollinearity 21:42 normality, linearity, homogeneity, homoscedasticity 22:30 setting up PROCESS 30:48 interpret PROCESS output 52:15 Create line chart from PROCESS output
This is really HELPFUL. Thanks! Honestly, I know right away if there's gonna be this time choices in the comment section. Then when I scrolled down, here it is I found in the first row, awesome
This is the most amazing thing that I have ever seen. Can you please just do...everything for all of stats...ever? I learned more from this video (for my dissertation no less), than I have ever learned in 4 years of statistics!
Currently doing an assignment in school and the professor didn't really explain how to report a moderation analysis. Watching this video was significantly better than both class and the hours of research that I spent trying to figure things out. So thanks very much; your channel has been and remains to be extremely educational in many of my research endeavors.
THANK YOU. I am a senior-ish academic who should know better, but was struggling to figure out how to plot simple slopes. This video is amazing -- great resource. Your generosity is much appreciated.
This is just so helpful! I am struggling with doing moderation analysis with continuous variable and did not even realize I can do all this using process macro (typically just use the macro for mediation analysis). This video is just so clear in explaining everything you need to do and how to interpret everything you get. Thank you so much for this!
Hi, Erin! First off - thank you so much! This video was unbelievably clear and helpful. I just installed the Process add-on and started playing around with it for my dissertation. Your video was so much more thorough than Andy Field's :) I love him, but you made it all come together with ease...I will definitely subscribe and try to watch some of your other videos. Also, going through all the assumptions first in the video was essential for people who are new to all of this. Thank you again!
Thank you so much for this video! It is extremely helpful, not only in understanding and interpreting the whole process, but also formatting the graphs :)
Thank you so much for this great video, it helped me a lot :) As a thank you I have a little tip for you: change your Word Font to Courier (the same font is used in SPSS output for process) - it will keep the all the numbers neatly under each other :)
Thanks Erin for this video! It was really useful. I was wondering if you are going to upload a video on MODERATED MEDIATION with PROCESS, especially one dealing with several IVs. This type of analysis is becoming popular in psychology papers. Thank you!
Statistics of DOOM I do have a question...how are the levels calculated if not just by SD? I did moderation and used the percentage points of 16, 50, and 84%...is that accurate?
@@seanfdaly4 You can do it that way as well, but do realize that's basically the same idea as the SD, since those percentages correspond to 1 SD in the z normal distribution.
Erin, I'm very happy for this video. It help me in the analysis and comprehension of date bank. I'm concluding Master's Degree in Business Management. Thank's again. Sorry for the english I'm Brazilian and i'm development the english language.
Hi! Just wanted to say THANK YOU! Video was very helpful your responses to questions in the comments section was very helpful! Thank you thank you thank you!!
I have applied same things which you explained in video. My interaction is Insignificant ( in video you said there is no specific explanation of significance and gave Three level L , M , H. Please guide me literature reference from where you took this explanation.) My supervisor wants to see literature reference as well as book reference. Please give me one more favour that provide reference of explanation of Johnson-Neyman Techniques. If you have used all these in any of your publication or any other. Please accept my advance Thanks :)
Thank you so much for this video! Hands down the best PROCESS tutorials out there. Do you by any chance have a publication on your own in which you use the outlier 2/3 technique? I would like to cite you on this one! regards from Germany!
Hey, I've got a question: At the 'Conditional effect of X on Y at values of the moderator' part of the output, my p-values are all insignificant, what should I do. Also, there were no significant direct effects, but my interaction effect is significant (p = .0492)
Hi Erin, what are some steps for troubleshooting bent and crooked lines in the line graph? For some reason SPSS includes 0 as a value on my X-axis! Thanks.
Hi Dr. Buchanan, love your videos. They are really clear and helpful. And really liked the simple slopes in this vid, but some of the mediation analyses may be misleading. I've been struggling with interpreting mediation results using Process. Particularly, I think I was wrongly using the causal steps approach to mediation (i.e., significant a path, b path, c path and c' path) to interpret Process' bootstrapping results (i.e., estimating confidence intervals). However, Hayes (2014) cautions against using the casual steps approach for several reasons (assumptions of normality, weak power, "inconsistent" mediation per Baron and Kenny, etc...) and cautions against using the outdated terms of full and partial mediation. See Hayes (2014), section 6.1 What do you think?
I don't disagree. There are lots of approaches to mediation. I propose presenting your results in the most understandable way possible, which would allow for others to decide if they believe the evidence you are presenting. Additionally, I would not use the word "cause" without a supporting experimental research design (which is a different issue than the question of mediation).
Do you know how you would test for moderation across four time points? Like if you had measured attendance, books, and grade at year 1, 2, 3, and 4? Is that possible, or would you just run four separate moderations? P.S. Your videos are amazing and so helpful. Thank you so much for posting. You are a phenomenal teacher. I put you in my acknowledgements for thesis that used moderated mediation.
Thank you for the kind words! I think the answer to your question depends on the goal of the analysis. You could use time as a third variable - therefore, you would get three way interactions of books, grades, and time ... if that is significant, then you could break down the three-way interaction by only looking at each time point separately.
Thank you very much for this detailed video, what a great resource. I was particularly confused regarding the use of GPower in this situation, and your video helped a lot. Unfortunately I am still unsure as to how to approach this for my particular situation. I am interested in the interaction between a categorical IV with 4 levels, and a continuous moderator. Does this still mean I need to enter '3' as the number of predictors (1 IV, 1 moderator, and their interaction) in GPower? Or do I need to count each dummy variable that PROCESS calculates as a predictor and thus see this as using 7 predictors (moderator, D1, D2, D3, int_1, int_2, int_3)? I assume it is the latter, but I am just not entirely sure... I am sorry to ask, but have been unable to find a clear answer to this anywhere...
Hi Erin, thanks for this great video! I had a quick question about determining the direction of moderation. If the interaction is significant (and a positive coefficient) but the conditional effects are negative numbers, and also significant, do we rely on the conditional effects when determining the direction of the moderation?
You would only look at the simple slopes to explain the effect, as the interaction coefficient has the other variable also included (and that coefficient isn't really interpretable anyway, except that it is "not zero").
Hey Erin, thanks for your video. It's helpful to go through it step by step. I've run into a weird problem: doing a linear regression analysis in with 2 predictors + interaction term in spss I find p=.030 for interaction. That's why I'm figuring out PROCESS now to see how the interaction works. However, in PROCESS, I find p=.108 for the interaction. I DO however find conditional interaction effects with 2x p
Something must be different ... maybe try centering your variables before running regular regression? Then try the process on the non centered variables? It should not turn out that different!
Thank you so much Dr. Buchanan, your video is excellent and very very helpful. I have a question that maybe you can help with. I ran moderation and the interaction effect was non-significant, however; in the conditional effect table (high and low groups), all effects become statistically significant. Does this mean I can use this and say moderation does occur for these specific groups?
Dr. Buchanan, Thank you so much for this video. It has been extremely helpful. I am writing up the results for my moderation model and I was wondering if you had citations for the process in which you screened and removed any leveraging outliers prior to creating running the moderation. Any information would be helpful. thank you.
Can you have multiple independent variables in Model 1 (not covariates, but variables that interact with the moderator)? If not, is there any way to do this with PROCESS? I have four IVs and one DV and I want to test for age as a moderator of each relationship.
I think you can only do up to two-two way interactions if I remember correctly. You would need to do it manually if you want to do all of them together in one model.
Hi Erin! Thanks for all your videos that helped me a lot! But just one question: Does there actually a graphical user interface for PROCESS exist? Or should I better use SmartPLS or AMOS for this? The problem is that with these programs it is not possible to calculate with moderations.... only mediations are possible (as far as I know)! :((
I am sorry for being imprecise, but I meant whether it is possible to "draw" / visualise your calculated model with PROCESS. Like it is in AMOS (you have the regressions of the SEM AND the graphical model with its arrows and boxes). Have a nice holiday.... ;-)
No on the graphic interface to Process. I think you might be able to coerce AMOS into interactions, but you would have to make the interaction column manually, and then interpreting would be much harder than the regression way (also df is treated very differently).
Hi Erin, love your video :) Just wondering if I have significant main effects but no interaction what does this mean? I understand that it means the variable doesn't moderate the relationship. But does it mean that my independent variable and moderator both predict my DV just not together?
Hi. Thank yuou for your video. I have a problem and if you answer ı would be pleased. My p value in model summary is significant however interaction is not significant. So how can ı interpret it? I know there is no mderation but can ı say that x effects y directly from looking at model summary? Thank you.
The t-values df for regression style analyses are always the second degree of freedom from the ANOVA. The idea is to use the residual/error df to calculate p-values, rather than N-1 (normal df for t), as that controls for the number of predictors to N in the equation.
Hey Erin! Wonderful video, extremely useful! I do have a quick question though - I have one continuous moderator and one categorical IV with four levels. I am guessing I have to dummy code the variables and then enter those into the model? Could you please throw some light on this? My DVs are continuous too. Thanks!
Hi Erin, Thanks for the videos. They are all very helpful! I was wondering whether you were planning to do more videos on PROCESS, especially on how to use it when you have an indip. variable with 3 categories (moderator and dependent variable continuous). Looking in the internet it seems that many people are asking the same question. Plus how do you to report PROCESS results in APA style? Any help would be much appreciate it. Thanks!
Hi Erin, I have a question regarding the interaction term in the output. Do I have to include it in my write up and what does it mean if the overall moderation model is significant but the interaction term is not? Thank you very much in advance, Max.
Thanks Erin, great video. I need some clarification on the POWER that you touched upon earlier in the video. As far as predictors (K) are concerned, if I have one IV, one moderator, 1 mediator, and 1 DV, what is the total number of predictors? In other words, sample size required for the medium effect size and power .8. Thanks for your help...
Hey Erin, thanks so much for the video! I did the analysis, just wondering what you think about using PROCESS if my DV is not normally distributed, (i.e. Shapiro Will test is significant- data deviate from the norm)? Should I rely on the bootstrapping technique? Any feedback would be brilliant. Thanks!
![[Live] : ONE 168 วันนี้!! "โจนาธาน vs ซุปเปอร์เล็ก"](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/0jIN65KgJsI/mqdefault.jpg)
00:35 G*Power
3:23 Centring
5:16 Missing data
6:52 outliers
20:10 multicollinearity
21:42 normality, linearity, homogeneity, homoscedasticity
22:30 setting up PROCESS
30:48 interpret PROCESS output
52:15 Create line chart from PROCESS output
This is really HELPFUL. Thanks!
Honestly, I know right away if there's gonna be this time choices in the comment section. Then when I scrolled down, here it is I found in the first row, awesome
This is the most amazing thing that I have ever seen. Can you please just do...everything for all of stats...ever? I learned more from this video (for my dissertation no less), than I have ever learned in 4 years of statistics!
Glad to be of help! :)
Currently doing an assignment in school and the professor didn't really explain how to report a moderation analysis. Watching this video was significantly better than both class and the hours of research that I spent trying to figure things out. So thanks very much; your channel has been and remains to be extremely educational in many of my research endeavors.
Thanks for the kind words!
Dr. Buchanan, this is just a little note to express my gratitude for all your excellent tutorials! They are hugely appreciated. Thank you!
Thanks for the kind words!
THANK YOU. I am a senior-ish academic who should know better, but was struggling to figure out how to plot simple slopes. This video is amazing -- great resource. Your generosity is much appreciated.
This is just so helpful! I am struggling with doing moderation analysis with continuous variable and did not even realize I can do all this using process macro (typically just use the macro for mediation analysis). This video is just so clear in explaining everything you need to do and how to interpret everything you get. Thank you so much for this!
Thanks for the kind words!
What an amazing video ! Your teaching is so useful, practical and easily understandable. Thank you so much !!!
Thank you for the kind words!
You are an amazing lecturer. Extremely thorough, but eloquent at the same time.
Thank you!
This video is awesome. Great narration and video quality! It is truly one of the best educational videos that I have ever seen at TH-cam.
Thank you Dr. Buchanan, this video was very helpful. I wish stat professors actually taught like you.
You've just saved my dissertation, I think I'm in love with you
Glad to be of help!
Thank you! You explained something I thought I’d never understood so clearly. I think my report might actually make sense.
Thanks for the kind words! Glad it helped.
amazing presentation of hard-core statistics! wish I could know your channel early!
Thank you!
Thanks Dr. Erin, your explanation here was super easy to understand and helped greatly with one of my postgraduate assignments!
I'm glad it was a help!
Thank you Dr. Buchanan! Your videos are helping me tremendously with my Master's thesis analyses!
Glad to be of help.
Thanks for this video. I was having such a hard time with moderation, especially the PROCESS plug-in. Really excited to watch your other videos!
Hi, Erin! First off - thank you so much! This video was unbelievably clear and helpful. I just installed the Process add-on and started playing around with it for my dissertation. Your video was so much more thorough than Andy Field's :) I love him, but you made it all come together with ease...I will definitely subscribe and try to watch some of your other videos. Also, going through all the assumptions first in the video was essential for people who are new to all of this. Thank you again!
Really thanks. I got a lot from it which is the best video for moderation in process in TH-cam.
Glad to be of help!
love your voice and your clear, step-by-step explanation!!!
EXTREMELY INFORMATIVE VIDEO!!!!!
Good work explaining what everything does in the PROCESS dialog and output boxes!
Thank you very much Erin.
Excellent video, with easy to understand interpretation.
Thank you!
This is the most informative video, thank you so much you have just saved my Honors Thesis & my soul!
Thank you so much for this video! It is extremely helpful, not only in understanding and interpreting the whole process, but also formatting the graphs :)
Thank you so much for this great video, it helped me a lot :) As a thank you I have a little tip for you: change your Word Font to Courier (the same font is used in SPSS output for process) - it will keep the all the numbers neatly under each other :)
Good to know ha! I usually put things into Excel, but Word can be a bit easier to read for these examples.
Thanks Erin for this video! It was really useful.
I was wondering if you are going to upload a video on MODERATED MEDIATION with PROCESS, especially one dealing with several IVs. This type of analysis is becoming popular in psychology papers. Thank you!
also now I will try to make moderated mediation and I need this video :)
Thank for your video! It helps me so much on my assignment!!!
Thanks for the kind words!
This was an incredible help - THANK YOU for your clear explanations, and for taking the time to educate us all!
I really like your way of making things simpler to report. Thank you
You are an honest to God actual angel. THANK YOU SO MUCH.
This was super helpful! Thank you. Got me thinking what would have happened if only the interaction effect was significant
Thanks!
Marvelous, thank you, full context, with reporting advices etc.
Thank you!!! This was simple and easy to understand
Thanks! Appreciate the kind words.
Statistics of DOOM I do have a question...how are the levels calculated if not just by SD? I did moderation and used the percentage points of 16, 50, and 84%...is that accurate?
@@seanfdaly4 You can do it that way as well, but do realize that's basically the same idea as the SD, since those percentages correspond to 1 SD in the z normal distribution.
Thanks for sharing. It helped me a lot. Keep up the good work.
Thanks!
Erin, I'm very happy for this video. It help me in the analysis and comprehension of date bank. I'm concluding Master's Degree in Business Management. Thank's again. Sorry for the english I'm Brazilian and i'm development the english language.
I could cry, this is so helpful for my thesis paper, thank you!
Glad it was helpful!
JOB WELL DONE, that was amazing, you cannot even imagine how much you helped me, lets just say you cannot even measure in SPSS :D, Stay blessed
Thanks for the kind words!
I'm here to say thank you ! This really helps
Glad to be of help!
Thanks a lot for this video. Your teaching is great and you sound super sympathetic.
Thank you!
This lesson was incredibly helpful and clear. Thank you for uploading this!
Thanks for the kind words!
Thank you for making sure I didn't look like an idiot in front of my thesis committee member when we had an analysis consultation today
Excellent! :)
Thank you so much for such nice explanation and going through the important steps!
Outstanding lecture, this has helped me enormously with my thesis
Thank you!
You are truly the best.
Hi! Just wanted to say THANK YOU! Video was very helpful your responses to questions in the comments section was very helpful! Thank you thank you thank you!!
Hey there ! Just a piece of advice- you can select for the names to be run as long names if you go to "long names" option :)
That's a newer option! Sometimes it still doesn't run, so I try to go with short names as much as I can.
hello i'm writing from Turkey.. Thank you for the video... ı used your way my thesis...
Thank you so much for this video. It really helped fill in that gaps that I really needed to know to finish my research write up :)
Great! Glad to help.
Thank you so much!! This video is amazing, explained everything I needed to know and more!
Thanks for the kind words!
I cannot like this video enough!!
Thank you so much, you safed my live respectively my bachelor thesis!
Glad to be of help!
This was so fantastic! Thank you
Thanks for the kind words!
best best best video out here.
Thank you so much!!! Very helpful 🙏🏻
Great lecture, thanks!
Thank you!
This video was so helpful, clear and understandable. Thank you so much! Do you have a video on interpreting output with multiple moderators? (Model 2)
Thank you so much. You have explained things in a wonderful way.
Glad to be of help!
I have applied same things which you explained in video. My interaction is Insignificant ( in video you said there is no specific explanation of significance and gave Three level L , M , H. Please guide me literature reference from where you took this explanation.) My supervisor wants to see literature reference as well as book reference. Please give me one more favour that provide reference of explanation of Johnson-Neyman Techniques. If you have used all these in any of your publication or any other. Please accept my advance Thanks :)
Thank you for the video. It was very helpful...
You are a Godsent! Thank you so much for this video, helped me so much! ☺
Thanks for the kind words!
Thank you!
It's amazing, I learned a lot from this lecture. Thanks for help!
Glad to be of help!
A prayer answered! This is so incredibly helpful! Thank you, thank you, thank you!!!
Thank you so much for this video! Hands down the best PROCESS tutorials out there. Do you by any chance have a publication on your own in which you use the outlier 2/3 technique? I would like to cite you on this one! regards from Germany!
Oh boy. You know, I know I've used it several times, but reporting it, I'm not sure. If I remember one that has it, I'll get back to you. :|
1000th like! Well deserved for a very informative lecture (:
Thanks for the kind words!
Thank you Dr Buchanan.
Hey, I've got a question: At the 'Conditional effect of X on Y at values of the moderator' part of the output, my p-values are all insignificant, what should I do.
Also, there were no significant direct effects, but my interaction effect is significant (p = .0492)
Thanks for sharing, Erin! Love your video.
Very clear delineation. Thank you!
You'll surely be a part of my graduation speech.
Thank you for the kind words!
Hi Erin, what are some steps for troubleshooting bent and crooked lines in the line graph? For some reason SPSS includes 0 as a value on my X-axis!
Thanks.
Hi Dr. Buchanan, love your videos. They are really clear and helpful. And really liked the simple slopes in this vid, but some of the mediation analyses may be misleading.
I've been struggling with interpreting mediation results using Process. Particularly, I think I was wrongly using the causal steps approach to mediation (i.e., significant a path, b path, c path and c' path) to interpret Process' bootstrapping results (i.e., estimating confidence intervals). However, Hayes (2014) cautions against using the casual steps approach for several reasons (assumptions of normality, weak power, "inconsistent" mediation per Baron and Kenny, etc...) and cautions against using the outdated terms of full and partial mediation. See Hayes (2014), section 6.1
What do you think?
I don't disagree. There are lots of approaches to mediation. I propose presenting your results in the most understandable way possible, which would allow for others to decide if they believe the evidence you are presenting. Additionally, I would not use the word "cause" without a supporting experimental research design (which is a different issue than the question of mediation).
thank you, you give me a light
Do you know how you would test for moderation across four time points? Like if you had measured attendance, books, and grade at year 1, 2, 3, and 4? Is that possible, or would you just run four separate moderations?
P.S. Your videos are amazing and so helpful. Thank you so much for posting. You are a phenomenal teacher. I put you in my acknowledgements for thesis that used moderated mediation.
Thank you for the kind words! I think the answer to your question depends on the goal of the analysis. You could use time as a third variable - therefore, you would get three way interactions of books, grades, and time ... if that is significant, then you could break down the three-way interaction by only looking at each time point separately.
amazing. Thanks so much!
This video is great! Help me a lot!
This is a great and helpful video. Thanks a lot for it!
Glad to be of help!
This is a wonderful video and explanation. Thank you so much!
Thank you so much for this! Life saver!
Happy to help!
Thank you so much for this video, which is so helpful to my essay writing.
Glad to be of help!
thanks, very helpful
Thank you very much for this detailed video, what a great resource. I was particularly confused regarding the use of GPower in this situation, and your video helped a lot. Unfortunately I am still unsure as to how to approach this for my particular situation. I am interested in the interaction between a categorical IV with 4 levels, and a continuous moderator. Does this still mean I need to enter '3' as the number of predictors (1 IV, 1 moderator, and their interaction) in GPower? Or do I need to count each dummy variable that PROCESS calculates as a predictor and thus see this as using 7 predictors (moderator, D1, D2, D3, int_1, int_2, int_3)? I assume it is the latter, but I am just not entirely sure... I am sorry to ask, but have been unable to find a clear answer to this anywhere...
Use each of the dummy coded variables, so 7 yes. :)
I'm sorry for my late response. Thank you so much for your reply! Your channel is a very valuable resource.
Hi Erin, thanks for this great video! I had a quick question about determining the direction of moderation. If the interaction is significant (and a positive coefficient) but the conditional effects are negative numbers, and also significant, do we rely on the conditional effects when determining the direction of the moderation?
You would only look at the simple slopes to explain the effect, as the interaction coefficient has the other variable also included (and that coefficient isn't really interpretable anyway, except that it is "not zero").
@@StatisticsofDOOM amazing, thank you so much for getting back to me! I'd been so confused about this. :)
Hey Erin, thanks for your video. It's helpful to go through it step by step. I've run into a weird problem: doing a linear regression analysis in with 2 predictors + interaction term in spss I find p=.030 for interaction. That's why I'm figuring out PROCESS now to see how the interaction works. However, in PROCESS, I find p=.108 for the interaction. I DO however find conditional interaction effects with 2x p
Something must be different ... maybe try centering your variables before running regular regression? Then try the process on the non centered variables? It should not turn out that different!
Thank you so much Dr. Buchanan, your video is excellent and very very helpful. I have a question that maybe you can help with. I ran moderation and the interaction effect was non-significant, however; in the conditional effect table (high and low groups), all effects become statistically significant. Does this mean I can use this and say moderation does occur for these specific groups?
No - that means you do not have significant differences between slopes, but your main effect of your variable is overall significant.
Dr. Buchanan, Thank you so much for this video. It has been extremely helpful. I am writing up the results for my moderation model and I was wondering if you had citations for the process in which you screened and removed any leveraging outliers prior to creating running the moderation. Any information would be helpful. thank you.
You can use Cohen Cohen Aiken and West for leverage/cooks and Tabachnick and Fidell for the mahalanobis.
@@StatisticsofDOOM Thank you again!
Wow! Thank you so much. You are to be commended for you video! It helped me a lot.
Can you have multiple independent variables in Model 1 (not covariates, but variables that interact with the moderator)? If not, is there any way to do this with PROCESS? I have four IVs and one DV and I want to test for age as a moderator of each relationship.
I think you can only do up to two-two way interactions if I remember correctly. You would need to do it manually if you want to do all of them together in one model.
Hi Erin!
Thanks for all your videos that helped me a lot! But just one question: Does there actually a graphical user interface for PROCESS exist? Or should I better use SmartPLS or AMOS for this? The problem is that with these programs it is not possible to calculate with moderations.... only mediations are possible (as far as I know)! :((
I'm sorry, I don't understand the question. PROCESS is graphical through SPSS and does both mediation and moderation.
I am sorry for being imprecise, but I meant whether it is possible to "draw" / visualise your calculated model with PROCESS. Like it is in AMOS (you have the regressions of the SEM AND the graphical model with its arrows and boxes).
Have a nice holiday.... ;-)
No on the graphic interface to Process. I think you might be able to coerce AMOS into interactions, but you would have to make the interaction column manually, and then interpreting would be much harder than the regression way (also df is treated very differently).
Also, sorry, I wasn't thinking the right way earlier :| thanks for the clarification!
Hi Erin, love your video :) Just wondering if I have significant main effects but no interaction what does this mean? I understand that it means the variable doesn't moderate the relationship. But does it mean that my independent variable and moderator both predict my DV just not together?
Correct - that's how I would interpret it.
Hi. Thank yuou for your video. I have a problem and if you answer ı would be pleased. My p value in model summary is significant however interaction is not significant. So how can ı interpret it? I know there is no mderation but can ı say that x effects y directly from looking at model summary? Thank you.
You will need to see if the main effects are significant to say x predicts y, look at that predictor value.
This video was so helpful! Thank you!
Glad to be of help!
This was so incredibly helpful!!!
Your explanations are great! It helped me a lot, thanks. I have a question: whenyou write/use t(36), why are you using df2 instead of df1 or both?
The t-values df for regression style analyses are always the second degree of freedom from the ANOVA. The idea is to use the residual/error df to calculate p-values, rather than N-1 (normal df for t), as that controls for the number of predictors to N in the equation.
thank you so much!
Hey Erin! Wonderful video, extremely useful! I do have a quick question though - I have one continuous moderator and one categorical IV with four levels. I am guessing I have to dummy code the variables and then enter those into the model? Could you please throw some light on this? My DVs are continuous too. Thanks!
Very helpful, Thanks so much!
Best wishes
Hi Erin, Thanks for the videos. They are all very helpful! I was wondering whether you were planning to do more videos on PROCESS, especially on how to use it when you have an indip. variable with 3 categories (moderator and dependent variable continuous). Looking in the internet it seems that many people are asking the same question. Plus how do you to report PROCESS results in APA style? Any help would be much appreciate it. Thanks!
Hi Erin, I have a question regarding the interaction term in the output. Do I have to include it in my write up and what does it mean if the overall moderation model is significant but the interaction term is not? Thank you very much in advance, Max.
Thanks Erin, great video. I need some clarification on the POWER that you touched upon earlier in the video. As far as predictors (K) are concerned, if I have one IV, one moderator, 1 mediator, and 1 DV, what is the total number of predictors? In other words, sample size required for the medium effect size and power .8. Thanks for your help...
THANK YOU! this is awesome, saves me from getting mental
Hey Erin, thanks so much for the video! I did the analysis, just wondering what you think about using PROCESS if my DV is not normally distributed, (i.e. Shapiro Will test is significant- data deviate from the norm)? Should I rely on the bootstrapping technique? Any feedback would be brilliant. Thanks!
Erin, you're AWESOME!