What a clear explanation! Thank you. It is not easy to find this info as clear cut. I am a bio beginner… If you were to name the topics of biology that would be essential in learning these topics (from scratch), without aimlessly reading a bio textbook, what would you suggest? Thanks again for this information!
Hello, I have a science fair project and I have a year to complete it but my idea is due today. Do you believe it's plausible to genetically modify a banana for an experiment to get rid of a virus? I know nothing about this but I have a year to figure it out, which is why I'm asking you who might know. Please let me know as soon as possible if you respond!
How to create Genetically modified plants at home. take two plants that you want to join, then when they get flowers or blossoms trade the pollen from one to another. this will cause a hybrid offspring and the seeds of that will be different than either of the parent plants. That's a hybrid/ GMO plant and it doesn't take chemistry or gene splicing, and we've been doing it for over a hundred years and you never knew it. so its no big deal...if you had to live on the wild version of plants like the pilgrims you would starve.
No. Selective breeding does not alter the genetic material of the plant (Reduces or increases the visibility of traits) and only alters the characteristics of that plant using existing DNA. Genetically modifying a plant involves introducing foreign DNA. Did you even watch the video ?
@@ramirogonzalez7153 They can sort of do similar things... selective breeding can alter genetics as well, relying on statistical probability of mutation... every individual has many dozens if not hundreds of novel mutations to their genome that did not occur in either of it's parents. (this is new genetic information), while GMO just alters genetics directly, and gives you much more flexibility than selective breeding of mutations. Both can alter genetics. GMO is much more efficient and doesnt rely on random mutation. But, yea that person totally did not watch the video xD
"GeNe sPlIcIiNg" Splicing is of no Interesst to making GMO crops. In Addition selective breeding is undirected, that means you barely know what changes in the genome you achive. You select by characteristics of the phenotype. Genome editing is directed. You ether make small changes and rely on the endogenous DNA, or you introduce foreign DNA to integrate. Later is much harder and is barely used.
@@ramirogonzalez7153 specificaly in plants you dont really introduce foreign DNA. The process has such a low efficiency, that only academic labs use these methods. Most commercial available GMO crops are generated by small deletions to activate or knock-out a gene.
Very great video! I love how you explained everything so slowly and also gave visual representations of what you were explaining! Thank you so much! You deserve way more views and way more likes for the effort and time you out into your content! Thank you so much!
Hi, I'd like to know where I can find more about how to make a gmo plant? I often see videos what agrobacterium does in plants how it works or a gen gun but I know what they are doing the process but I wanna know how to use these tools. I can't find videos :(( 🌱
If you’re interested in applying CRISPR-CAS9 at home, I have bad news for you… it’s not a home hobby. Gene editing requires you to have a naturally occurring gene that you’ve identified, which takes extensive resources to do, and to apply a nuclease (like as described in the video) to apply the change to the host plant or bacteria cell. Identifying genes for genetic modification is a process of luck, mainly by sprouting hundreds of thousands of plants and testing each one for specific factors you’re looking for, and identifying the genome of the ones that show signs of what you’re looking for. Genetic mutations are rare, and almost all generally result in the death of the organism, so to identify a genetic variant that is actually beneficial can be extremely resource intensive. Not to mention that you will have to contract with a biologics company to manufacture the particular nuclease you have, and assuming you are able to go through with the research partnership, a mg of custom nuclease can cost as much as a house. I have good news for you though. If you are genuinely interested in home genetics, there are options. Personally, I have a small chemistry hood where I soak seeds in an ethyl methanesulfonate solution, a seriously powerful mutagen that swaps nucleic acids in DNA. If you look into this as a home hobby remember to seriously take precautions. I generally soak about 1000 seeds at a time, and when I sprout them, generally about 5-10% of them actually grow. Most plants have their DNA changed so much they cannot grow, but the ones that manage to sprout can have some pretty bizarre features, like alternate leaf colors or strange growth patterns.
@@graystone2802 thank you so much for the information! I'd love to try to make some mutations with the ethyl methanesulfonate so do you know for how long the seeds have to be sook in it? Any description please? 🤞👍
@@andreaslinden3262 The soaking time depends on what you’re looking for. The longer you soak, the more damage the EMS will do to the DNA. For instance, I soak for 18 hours at .6% EMS solution, which gives me a sprouting rate of about 10%. If you are looking for more extreme genetic variations, soaking longer or with higher concentration will give you more drastic changes, for the ones that do manage to sprout. The soaking time is related the concentration of EMS they are soaking in. If you’ve got a strong solution of 1.5% EMS, 12 hours of soaking is going to be the similar to 24 hours of soaking in a .75% EMS solution. For reference, I use a .6% EMS solution usually, so 18 hours is similar to 9 hours of soaking in a 1.2% EMS solution. I choose this because 1: lower concentrations are safer to work with, and 2: the seeds I use generally need to soak in water before being planted, so they would need about 18 hours of soaking anyway. The concentration and soaking time you chose is up to you, but just for perspective, 18 hours at .6% EMS is pretty high In general, lower the concentration of EMS, the safer is it to work with, and remember this stuff is really dangerous. Breathing the fumes or getting it on your skin can cause serious damage and potentially cause cancer, it is very important to take every safety precaution. The soaking procedure is also slightly more complicated than simply putting the seeds into the EMS solution. I’m not a studied chemist so my methods are crude, but I generally wash seeds with pure distilled water first, then prepare the EMS solution with .1 M neutral phosphate buffer (to prevent hydrolysis), and after the soaking is done, I wash them with a [0.5% ethyl acetate and .1 M neutral phosphate buffer] solution, and then I wash them with a 5 mM sodium thiosulfate solution. After they’re air-dried, you can plant them.
@@chukwuemerie yes, the methods I’ve described in this section are very useful for dwarfing plants genetically. However, there are other methods to dwarf plants if you are interested. If you’ve ever heard of bonsai, it’s a method of dwarfing large trees to grow in a small pot by continually cutting back their branches and roots as they grow. Restricting growing space, nutrients, and constant pruning are very effective ways of dwarfing an individual plant. However, the offspring of the plant will grow normally, so these methods are not genetic. EMS treatment like I’ve discussed in the other comments is entirely random, but it is very capable of dwarfing a plant genetically. It will take time and many, many tries, so the best method is to soak a large amount of seeds at a time (I often soak up to 1,000 at once), and plant all of them together. Since the survival rate of the treatment is about 10%, I usually expect about 100 plants to sprout, and usually at least 30-40 of them have some noticeable physical differences by the first month of growing.
I live in a suburb of Vancouver, Canada and the climate is mild enough for me to grow a "hardy orange" (Poncirus trifoliata) but no other type of citrus. From that youtube video, I can get a list of materials I will need. Where can I get the materials I need, plus the other knowledge necessary? I already have a blender.
Thank you for this video.i am planning to develop tropical blueberry plant that does require chilling hour and can tolerate tropical hot weather and can thrive in slightly acidic soil to neutral ph(7).blueberry and Syzygium curranii( liputi that bear purple berries that resemble blueberries).
How do you know which gene does what? Example, I am looking for the gene of a heat resistant lettuce variety and transfer it to another variety that is better tasting. Can I do that?
a shtload of work of a shtload of phD students with burnout. :D read about forward and backwards genetics if you are interested. Just to give some relation: It takes about 4 years to discover the function of a protein, and another 2 years to link this protein to a gene. Most pathways include dozends of Protein/genes, with different isoforms for different situations. And then repeat for each new plant. So it is technicaly possible, but its so much work (at least at this time) that the advancements are so slow, you dont notice them as someone who is not working in this field.
Like in agricultural stores? No. Agrobacterium is a naturally occurring soil bacterium, and there are also scientifically modified strains in biology labs.
You should make more video about genetic engineering, i love your work . It just help me a lot .
Grateful for your teachings, keep science free.
Amazing events for the future !!! "Very Great Presentation"
What a clear explanation! Thank you. It is not easy to find this info as clear cut.
I am a bio beginner… If you were to name the topics of biology that would be essential in learning these topics (from scratch), without aimlessly reading a bio textbook, what would you suggest?
Thanks again for this information!
Hello, I have a science fair project and I have a year to complete it but my idea is due today. Do you believe it's plausible to genetically modify a banana for an experiment to get rid of a virus? I know nothing about this but I have a year to figure it out, which is why I'm asking you who might know. Please let me know as soon as possible if you respond!
get a book and read it from the begging to the end.
go to Uni
stop using google, use google scholar or pubmed.
How to create Genetically modified plants at home. take two plants that you want to join, then when they get flowers or blossoms trade the pollen from one to another. this will cause a hybrid offspring and the seeds of that will be different than either of the parent plants. That's a hybrid/ GMO plant and it doesn't take chemistry or gene splicing, and we've been doing it for over a hundred years and you never knew it. so its no big deal...if you had to live on the wild version of plants like the pilgrims you would starve.
No. Selective breeding does not alter the genetic material of the plant (Reduces or increases the visibility of traits) and only alters the characteristics of that plant using existing DNA. Genetically modifying a plant involves introducing foreign DNA.
Did you even watch the video ?
@@ramirogonzalez7153 They can sort of do similar things... selective breeding can alter genetics as well, relying on statistical probability of mutation... every individual has many dozens if not hundreds of novel mutations to their genome that did not occur in either of it's parents. (this is new genetic information), while GMO just alters genetics directly, and gives you much more flexibility than selective breeding of mutations.
Both can alter genetics. GMO is much more efficient and doesnt rely on random mutation.
But, yea that person totally did not watch the video xD
"GeNe sPlIcIiNg"
Splicing is of no Interesst to making GMO crops.
In Addition selective breeding is undirected, that means you barely know what changes in the genome you achive. You select by characteristics of the phenotype. Genome editing is directed.
You ether make small changes and rely on the endogenous DNA, or you introduce foreign DNA to integrate. Later is much harder and is barely used.
@@ramirogonzalez7153 specificaly in plants you dont really introduce foreign DNA. The process has such a low efficiency, that only academic labs use these methods. Most commercial available GMO crops are generated by small deletions to activate or knock-out a gene.
Very great video! I love how you explained everything so slowly and also gave visual representations of what you were explaining! Thank you so much! You deserve way more views and way more likes for the effort and time you out into your content! Thank you so much!
Hi Susan
Very interesting work, I like it
Hi, I'd like to know where I can find more about how to make a gmo plant? I often see videos what agrobacterium does in plants how it works or a gen gun but I know what they are doing the process but I wanna know how to use these tools. I can't find videos :(( 🌱
If you’re interested in applying CRISPR-CAS9 at home, I have bad news for you… it’s not a home hobby. Gene editing requires you to have a naturally occurring gene that you’ve identified, which takes extensive resources to do, and to apply a nuclease (like as described in the video) to apply the change to the host plant or bacteria cell. Identifying genes for genetic modification is a process of luck, mainly by sprouting hundreds of thousands of plants and testing each one for specific factors you’re looking for, and identifying the genome of the ones that show signs of what you’re looking for. Genetic mutations are rare, and almost all generally result in the death of the organism, so to identify a genetic variant that is actually beneficial can be extremely resource intensive. Not to mention that you will have to contract with a biologics company to manufacture the particular nuclease you have, and assuming you are able to go through with the research partnership, a mg of custom nuclease can cost as much as a house.
I have good news for you though. If you are genuinely interested in home genetics, there are options. Personally, I have a small chemistry hood where I soak seeds in an ethyl methanesulfonate solution, a seriously powerful mutagen that swaps nucleic acids in DNA. If you look into this as a home hobby remember to seriously take precautions. I generally soak about 1000 seeds at a time, and when I sprout them, generally about 5-10% of them actually grow. Most plants have their DNA changed so much they cannot grow, but the ones that manage to sprout can have some pretty bizarre features, like alternate leaf colors or strange growth patterns.
@@graystone2802 thank you so much for the information! I'd love to try to make some mutations with the ethyl methanesulfonate so do you know for how long the seeds have to be sook in it? Any description please? 🤞👍
@@andreaslinden3262 The soaking time depends on what you’re looking for. The longer you soak, the more damage the EMS will do to the DNA. For instance, I soak for 18 hours at .6% EMS solution, which gives me a sprouting rate of about 10%. If you are looking for more extreme genetic variations, soaking longer or with higher concentration will give you more drastic changes, for the ones that do manage to sprout.
The soaking time is related the concentration of EMS they are soaking in. If you’ve got a strong solution of 1.5% EMS, 12 hours of soaking is going to be the similar to 24 hours of soaking in a .75% EMS solution. For reference, I use a .6% EMS solution usually, so 18 hours is similar to 9 hours of soaking in a 1.2% EMS solution. I choose this because 1: lower concentrations are safer to work with, and 2: the seeds I use generally need to soak in water before being planted, so they would need about 18 hours of soaking anyway. The concentration and soaking time you chose is up to you, but just for perspective, 18 hours at .6% EMS is pretty high
In general, lower the concentration of EMS, the safer is it to work with, and remember this stuff is really dangerous. Breathing the fumes or getting it on your skin can cause serious damage and potentially cause cancer, it is very important to take every safety precaution.
The soaking procedure is also slightly more complicated than simply putting the seeds into the EMS solution. I’m not a studied chemist so my methods are crude, but I generally wash seeds with pure distilled water first, then prepare the EMS solution with .1 M neutral phosphate buffer (to prevent hydrolysis), and after the soaking is done, I wash them with a [0.5% ethyl acetate and .1 M neutral phosphate buffer] solution, and then I wash them with a 5 mM sodium thiosulfate solution. After they’re air-dried, you can plant them.
@@graystone2802 AM LOOKING FOR AWAY TO DWARF SOME PLANTS IN MY LOCALITY. COULD YOU PLS HELP?
@@chukwuemerie yes, the methods I’ve described in this section are very useful for dwarfing plants genetically.
However, there are other methods to dwarf plants if you are interested. If you’ve ever heard of bonsai, it’s a method of dwarfing large trees to grow in a small pot by continually cutting back their branches and roots as they grow. Restricting growing space, nutrients, and constant pruning are very effective ways of dwarfing an individual plant. However, the offspring of the plant will grow normally, so these methods are not genetic.
EMS treatment like I’ve discussed in the other comments is entirely random, but it is very capable of dwarfing a plant genetically. It will take time and many, many tries, so the best method is to soak a large amount of seeds at a time (I often soak up to 1,000 at once), and plant all of them together. Since the survival rate of the treatment is about 10%, I usually expect about 100 plants to sprout, and usually at least 30-40 of them have some noticeable physical differences by the first month of growing.
DDT is organic and showing up in stores with the USDA Organic sticker. DDT was supposed to be globally banned. It's not.
I live in a suburb of Vancouver, Canada and the climate is mild enough for me to grow a "hardy orange" (Poncirus trifoliata) but no other type of citrus. From that youtube video, I can get a list of materials I will need. Where can I get the materials I need, plus the other knowledge necessary? I already have a blender.
Thank you
Thank you for this video.i am planning to develop tropical blueberry plant that does require chilling hour and can tolerate tropical hot weather and can thrive in slightly acidic soil to neutral ph(7).blueberry and Syzygium curranii( liputi that bear purple berries that resemble blueberries).
good luck on opening your own academic lab and the resulting 10+ years of work with 100+ of scientist. Dont mind the about 30mio of costs
How do you know which gene does what? Example, I am looking for the gene of a heat resistant lettuce variety and transfer it to another variety that is better tasting. Can I do that?
a shtload of work of a shtload of phD students with burnout. :D
read about forward and backwards genetics if you are interested.
Just to give some relation: It takes about 4 years to discover the function of a protein, and another 2 years to link this protein to a gene. Most pathways include dozends of Protein/genes, with different isoforms for different situations. And then repeat for each new plant.
So it is technicaly possible, but its so much work (at least at this time) that the advancements are so slow, you dont notice them as someone who is not working in this field.
Do we have agrobacteria in the agro stores?
Like in agricultural stores? No. Agrobacterium is a naturally occurring soil bacterium, and there are also scientifically modified strains in biology labs.
2:15 Does that mean sweat potato is actually plant tumour ?
No, a sweet potato is actually part of the root system. It's for storing energy
hi !
interesting !
You can purchase government approval too. Just saying.
I wanna make a gmo banana T_T but i just don't know