I looked at this problem at the start of my PhD studies in 1981. After 3 months I had proven to the satisfaction of myself and the departmental head that the project was poorly conceived. Basically, the magnetization de-magnetization loop doesn't contain enough entropy. For plausible field strengths the delta T is limited to just a few degrees. I stopped that project and worked on something else. Please note that conventional refrigerators are very close to ideal and modern domestic fridges use butane as a working fluid: this has a low global warming effect and zero impact on ozone depletion. One suggestion for demonstrating para/diamagnetism is to use a torque balance - hang the samples from a balanced rod on the end of a piece of string. This device is extraordinarily sensitive. Best wishes Michael
Would an Gadolinium *alloy* have a stronger delta T effect? (Just like carbon increases the strength of steel, or like adding some elements to a material for specific property changes) I don't know how much this has been studied, but if not, it could be something interesting to study... (Especially if you already have background knowledge and want to do something fun, assuming it would be fun. But IF you do study it, keep me updated ;)
@@blinking_dodo Hi. Good question. The answer is 'No'. Why? The see of heating/cooling effect depends on the ratio of the two quantities. The first is the regular heat capacity of the material. This determines how much hotter or colder a given amount of a substance gets when heat is added or removed. Alloying won't affect this very much. The second is the magnitude of the magnetic moment on each magnetic atom. By 'magnetic moment' I mean 'the strength of the tiny effective bar magnet' present in each gadolinium atom. Gadolinium is much more magnetic than iron and just about every other element, so alloying reduce the relative amount of gadolinium present in the sample. Using pure gadolinium the effect is as strong as it can get. The ineffectiveness of pure Gd for heating and cooling arises because the magnetic effect is small compared to the heat capacity. We can't really increase the magnetic effect but we can reduce the heat capacity. If you take similar rare earth metals and compounds and cool them to temperatures just a few 10's of degrees above absolute zero, the the heat capacity of the material becomes very small, but the magnetic effect stays similar in magnitude. At these low temperatures they make very effective refrigerators. www.nist.gov/publications/rare-earth-garnets-and-perovskites-space-based-adr-cooling-high-t-and-low-h Best wishes M
This method is used in multiple stages to achieve cryogenic temperatures. This method requires very high magnetic field strengths to get appreciable delta temperature. The magnetic field must be around one Tesla for appreciable delta T. Neodymium magnets although strong but fall short of what is needed. There must be another material with stronger magnetocaliric effect to make this feasible for home use. It is good to look into magnetoreholigical fluids which have magnetocaloric effect as well.
That is what I pointed above. By the way we are going to experiment a future of very intensive magnetic fields since mainstream research finally got it about what really a magnetic field is and how therefore to produce it. US NAVY PATENT EL PAIS 2017-2018 : just rotate a dipôle around one pôle, that is a rotating E field aka a magnetic field. (practically rotate a high voltage capacity (50 kvolts plus ) at high speed. The classical biot-savart law is a myth as it use "charge q" movements. The flow of free small magnets called electrons cause this weak 'induction" around current lines phenomena.
@@heheheheheheheheheheeee Yes, that is what is used to generate very high magnetic fields. The problem is that it uses a lots of electric energy and most of it is lost as heat. It looks like rotating one of the plates of a capacitor creates more powerful magnets than conventional coils. Ok, let us say the current in a cap like that is: I =d(CV)/dt. Let us say the voltage is constant, then: I = VdC/dt . Now let us say C = Cmax ==> Imax = V(cos(Omega t)/dt) = V (Cmax ) (Omega). This means the faster you spin the the plate the higher the current. Which means stronger magnetic field. My problem is understanding the movement of the charges in the dielectric substance between the plates. As I understood it, the movement of those charges is the cause of the generation of high strength magnetic field.
I’m glad someone who knows what there talking about chimed in here(because I don’t) This eases me, because I thought for sure there wouldn’t be a practical way to use this commercially to the public. At least, right now. It seemed more like snake oil at such a small scale. Thank you for the information ^^
Great Video... but is it just me? This video seemed to end just as it got interesting. I really liked the explanation of how this technology works. I've heard about this a long time ago but never knew much about it; however, the video ended just as I thought we were going to hear more about applications of magnetic refrigeration and if there's any research to make it commercially available, or if there are niche applications that it would be a better solution... Since this has been known for a long time I would expect the research and availability would have made advances.
That's not really what this channel does. It's not a technology showcase. It's (in essence) "Look at the cool experiments that I can do in my garage!". So you won't get long market analyses, but you will get thermocouples on a stick. In a vacuum chamber. With a laser. Painted really black. (-:
Would still have been nice to have some more information regarding how it might be used in the future.. it ended so abruptly you’d think the title and premise of the video is misleading as it almost comes across as “it won’t ever be used for refrigeration, the end.”
@@JdeBP I agree with you about the scope of this channel, however, he sometimes mentions the applications and where you'd see them in real life as well as how they're used, It doesn't have to be a deep dive. His experiments are always so cool, and as you said, done in a garage! Yes!!! He opened the door by mentioning at 4:42 that it is not yet ready for commercial use because you can't get a large temperature delta... Maybe it's used in other places? Is this actively being researched? And maybe there isn't more information... anyways, the video seemed to end abruptly, I think it needed a few more words.
The smaller the temperature drop, the less effective a cooler becomes. This effect only drop temperature a little bit, so it's not useful for large scale cooling. It has its uses when you try to get close to absolute zero, but not really for anything else.
I'm curious what happens if you combine this with a thermoelectric generator. It could be a fun new perpetual motion type device. Doomed to fail but would be a neat project.
This would make the basis for a solid state Stirling engine (which is the same as the refrigiation cycle but in reverse): A cold end and a hot end along the slide, to make the Gadolinium switch between ferro and para magnetic states and use the change in force in the magnet gap to drive a crank. Maye simpler with a wheel of gadolonium with half the circumfrence cold and the other hot next to a stationary magnet.
I'm in HVAC guy. I didn't know this was a thing. The reason "refrigerants" are used is because of their temperature at a given pressure. They are very cold at atmospheric, but when compressed the reach a "ideal" temperature for their application. Like R22 reaches 40 degrees at about 70 PSI. This is great for residential cooling. Blow warm house air across a coil at that temperature at the speed, that coil will absorb heat from the air so that when the air leaves the coil it's about 50 degrees. Mixing 50 degrees air into your house makes it easy to chill it to a ballpark of 70 degrees which is where most people are comfortable. Different refrigerants have different temperatures at different pressures. Commercial ice plants use water and ammonia as a refrigerant but to do that the have to run in a vacuum instead of at elevated pressures.
You probably know more being an HVAC guy, but I believe refrigerants are not used solely for that reason. It’s mostly about thermodynamics & entropy; requiring/expending energy to change phase from liquid to vapor and vice versa, at certain pressures like you mentioned.
@@PhreakinPhilip Another HVAC guy here, yes, refrigerants are only as useful as the compressor/valve(i.e their difference in pressures)in the system. All refrigerants do the same thing, compressed to higher pressure/temperature, reject heat, decompressed, further lowering temperature, which than absorbs heat from what ever you are trying to cool, and the cycle repeats. The reason different refrigerants are used in different applications is due to their properties before and after the saturation point. They each exchange heat at a different absolute temperature, at the same time their pressure corresponds. That's why there is no universal refrigerant for temps from -40F to 80F, because the pressure range would be so great it would be infeasible to engineer a system to withstand it, so you specialize in different sections of the temp. spectrum to work with more manageable pressures.
Had an air conditioner based on this. Interesting, but the execution was flawed. The gas-fired parts rusted out too quickly because of the heat (and bad materials choices and design), and the risk of ammonia leak was a bit scary. All of the refrigeration activity happened outside. So, the heat exchanger was inside the house, was not a condenser, and was fed by plain, old automotive radiator fluid. ~~~ But, whoever installed it used the wrong fittings for the pex pipe (least I think that's what it was), and I had to figure out a way to adapt it. I ended up fixing it with a couple of segments of clear vinyl tubing (and hose clamps over pex fittings on one end and pvc fittings on the other) , and it looked like some kind of Willie Wonka green soft-drink machine.
@@TesserId I had a small RV fridge using gas-fired ammonia distillation. The chimney rusted up and prevented it from cooling -- had to blow out the rust flakes with compressed air periodically. It took a LONG time to get cold, but I will say the freezer got super cold. One thing about ammonia leaks, IF it happens, there's NO mistaking it.
@@Looser_23 as aspergers, its not about how loud,its more the combination of pitch repetetiveness and other factors,wich vary between one person to the next,so its like "what do humns like for food" you cant generalise it well, german is first language and im a bit drunk, so sry if i had grammar or spelling errors,i hope you understood, have a nice day :)
You put your Gadolinium in, you take your Gadolinium out, you put your Gadolinium in, and the temps jump all about. That's what magnetic refrigeration's all about.
You are definitely the "Action" lab! Thank you man! You made this year great and interesting with your videos! ❤️ I am still trying to string a frozen fly-- seriously 😂
I think the key is efficiency. Peltier coolers were going to be the ultimate solid state refrigerators, but it turned out they were very power hungry. There has been nothing to remove the gas cycle refrigerators as kinds of efficiency.
Efficiency is one factor, peltier coolers have their uses, where their low efficiency is less important than their low cost and/or silent, solid state operation. Before compressors, ice stored from winter was used for refrigerators, hard to compete in efficiency with something that doesn't use energy, other than what the ice represents. No [expensive] energy used at all, but not very convenient.
This effect is used in many magnet motor generators in Africa, they need a small start up voltage and because the magnets get more efficient at lower temperatures the motor turns the generator which cools the motor and uses less power than the motor needs to spin, so you can run a building on magnet power almost indefinitely for about a dollar's worth of electricity one time. With all the energy companies you will never be allowed to use this technology in the states!
I’m so happy you provide the answer to your own questions… my heart drops whenever you say: “So why is all of this is happening”???? * slight panic attack. Then phew- He gave us the answer.
I interned at GE in 2009 and worked on a project where they were trying to get large deltas using magnetocaloric effect. But it seems we still haven't made much progress there as the problem still exists :(
I wish you had expanded more on "it's so hard to get such a large temperature delta", and if there are any developments on the horizon that might overcome this issue and lead to commercial use of this technology. Otherwise, it seems the title of your video should be "Is Magnetic Refrigeration the Future of Cooling? Alas, No".
Could u please try to recreate sonoluminescence and make a video about it? I find it really interesting especially since we don't know exactly what causes it
Could you also tell temperatures in Celsius. Its hard to compute this with my brain All the time. The same applys to feets and meters, or miles and kilometers. Beside that a great Video. As always.
It would be amazing to find a natural way to replace even just one appliance in our home. Even just finding a way to run a fridge without electricity would have a huge impact on energy use
It would still need energy from somewhere. That source of energy needs to be converted into cooling more efficiently than current tech. Without electricity doesn't mean without energy. There is no free lunch.
@@Desrtfox71 Can't they use the energy from a solid block of material? Because of E=mc^2, there is a lot, and I mean *A LOT* of energy stored in there!
I'm reminded of the time I saw a video (on youtube) about a refrigerator that uses rubber bands to cool the food inside. Both would be an interesting experiment.
I'm chemistry grad from India and currently doing my Post Grad. I'm a huuuuuuuuge fan of yours. It'll just make my day if you reply to this . Happy new year in advance 🎉🎉 Have a great year ahead Sir ❤️
There are solid state electrical generators which use temperature differential and refrig or heat if current is applied. Coleman 12vdc coolers use this tech. Excellent videos. Thanks
Surely the limited temperature range of the effect produces it from being used in refrigeration, worse still the heating or cooling produced is so small compared with traditional cooling systems. It appears to be even worse limitations than peltier cooling. There are more attractive exotic cooling systems, such as those that work by the adiabatic expansion produced by sound waves.
@@yeet1337 if the effect is only limited to working around the Curie temperature, how does it work down at uK? Maybe I have misunderstood the video. I will watch it again. If it works down to such low temperatures it is very commercial in cooling radio receivers, quantum computers and camera sensors.
@@nigeljohnson9820 Its not limited to working around the Curie Temp. It works for every paramagnetic material. The way he built this simple model needed the Curie Temp.
@@yeet1337 so basically it has less to do with curie temperature and more to do with the strenght of magnetic field like @Haik Biglari mentioned. As in you'd increase the strenght of magnetic field to increase the temperature differential to achieve greater cooling? If so, the main concern I have for commercial viability of the technology is the efficiency compared to adiabatic cooling processes or even peltier cooling. Surely the electromagnetic circuitry required for forming and sustaining high magnetic fields would produce a lot of excess heat, leading to some losses in efficiency. It would also necessitate the use of big and bulky heat exchangers, which could reduce the usefulness due to increased form factor.
@@wiltsuFIN Yes exactly, as you increase the field strength the temp difference goes up. Don't know about the efficiency though, only know about small-ish physics-related experiments where it is obviously not of concern. It basically involves two steps: 1. Isothermic enabling of the magnetic field around your material. This will decrease the entropy. 2. Adiabatic disabling the field again, then you will be left with the cooled down sample because of the lower entropy and no way for heat to get back in it in time.
I remember seeing somewhere recently that they came out with a new fluorocarbonless refrigerant that supposed to be completely compatible with old units.
The other issue with this technology other than getting a meaningful delta T is that the active heat transfer system that would be required would use more energy than the cooling capacity of the system. That would make it really inefficient. In a classical refrigeration system, the cooling mechanism is the heat transfer system, so there is much greater efficiency there.
I'm very impressed by your new videos. I used to watch you a few years ago but, I hate to say it, it seemed like your videos didn't have enough research leading up to them. However, this past year you have shown that you know what you're talking about, and they seem very well put together. I enjoy your videos and I'm very happy to see you succeeding on TH-cam. God bless!
Thank you for your explanation. I have a clearer understanding of these topics, which are undoubtedly relatively new. I'll send you a mega-like. Greetings.
Imagine the possibilities if this theory is really implemented! This could be another revolution, and it would also omit the release of harmful fluorocarbons.
Magnets under constant use degrade quickly and need to be remagnetized using electricity. Salt water is also used in large refrigeration units. Don’t buy a refrigerator using fluorocarbons and be the example.
I just read that Japan is doing this to efficiently liquefy hydrogen. They went with Holmium + Boron, which has the highest entropy for magnetic materials that are safe to handle. Apparently they used Artificial Intelligence to determine the material with the highest entropy. Pretty cool stuff, can't wait for my air conditioner to run at -252C.
Two points: First, the extremely low temperature delta is a serious problem that will limit the efficiency of such a system, so that may be a fatal flaw. Second, current refrigeration does not rely on the thermal effects of compression and expansion directly. Rather, they use those methods to induce phase change in the coolant, where the majority of the heat transfer occurs.
I can picture a version of this that uses kinetic temperature parts to move the magnet. If it can work like a pendulum and the temperature can keep it going. you may be on your way to using magnets like a battery with essential parts that work alongside it. The key is widening the temperature gap to use for energy generation.
So thankyou this has been really useful as I am studying creatures on neptune and their base element is gadolinium so it makes sense with heat and movent with such high winds. Thankyou
as with many alternative cooling solutions it probably won't replace refrigerants any time soon if ever. everything has a use, peltier devices are extremely inefficient and yet they find some use where space is more important than efficiency. but for any large scale application energy consumption is probably gonna be the greatest concern, which is why we use refrigerant based cooling
This is really cool, but I don't think it will find use in refrigerators any time soon. The cooler BASF demonstrated has way too many moving parts, that would make it noisy and prone to failure!
Magnetic refrigeration is used on cryogenic application, not with this material but with the similar concept here explained, you can check ARD magnet systems that can achieve up to 300mK (milikelvin).
I would like to see more videos of cooling using as little energy as possible. I think cooling things down is the biggest energy drain we have. And it just appalls me how many people won’t use the natural cold as a refrigerator when available. My garage during the winter just becomes an extra refrigerator that occasionally freezes, just like my refrigerator inside...
Cooling doesn't consume as much power as heating does. Except in the case where you run an AC in reverse. But most homes don't have AC with that functionality and it doesn't work well when it's really cold outside.
Residual Entropy---› Third law of thermodynamics... Gadolinium was used because it has highest no. of unpaired electrons (4f⁷) along with liquid helium.
this gave me an idea, what if you shot a bullet through a magnetic field? like a long magnetic field. Like two long magnets side by side with a little channel inbetween for the round to traverse
This effect is talked a lot about for a while now, and it will most likely slowly but steadily begin to evolve in a new generation of heatpumps and fridges, i have heart rumours that there is already one company building a fridge and is about bringing it to market.
Anyway they had 82 years to investigate effiency, and as it stands it uses 6x more energy than a regular fridge. It's been researched thoroughly because the ease of using propane to run a fridge.
Physicists observed a strange new type of behaviour in a magnetic material when it’s heated up. The magnetic spins ‘freeze’ into a static pattern when the temperature rises, a phenomenon that normally occurs when the temperature decreases discovered the phenomenon in the material neodymium
I looked at this problem at the start of my PhD studies in 1981. After 3 months I had proven to the satisfaction of myself and the departmental head that the project was poorly conceived. Basically, the magnetization de-magnetization loop doesn't contain enough entropy. For plausible field strengths the delta T is limited to just a few degrees. I stopped that project and worked on something else.
Please note that conventional refrigerators are very close to ideal and modern domestic fridges use butane as a working fluid: this has a low global warming effect and zero impact on ozone depletion.
One suggestion for demonstrating para/diamagnetism is to use a torque balance - hang the samples from a balanced rod on the end of a piece of string. This device is extraordinarily sensitive.
Best wishes
Michael
Very well said, thanks for this.
Wow. Cool reply.
Would an Gadolinium *alloy* have a stronger delta T effect?
(Just like carbon increases the strength of steel, or like adding some elements to a material for specific property changes)
I don't know how much this has been studied, but if not, it could be something interesting to study...
(Especially if you already have background knowledge and want to do something fun, assuming it would be fun. But IF you do study it, keep me updated ;)
@@blinking_dodo Hi. Good question. The answer is 'No'. Why? The see of heating/cooling effect depends on the ratio of the two quantities.
The first is the regular heat capacity of the material. This determines how much hotter or colder a given amount of a substance gets when heat is added or removed. Alloying won't affect this very much.
The second is the magnitude of the magnetic moment on each magnetic atom. By 'magnetic moment' I mean 'the strength of the tiny effective bar magnet' present in each gadolinium atom. Gadolinium is much more magnetic than iron and just about every other element, so alloying reduce the relative amount of gadolinium present in the sample. Using pure gadolinium the effect is as strong as it can get.
The ineffectiveness of pure Gd for heating and cooling arises because the magnetic effect is small compared to the heat capacity. We can't really increase the magnetic effect but we can reduce the heat capacity.
If you take similar rare earth metals and compounds and cool them to temperatures just a few 10's of degrees above absolute zero, the the heat capacity of the material becomes very small, but the magnetic effect stays similar in magnitude. At these low temperatures they make very effective refrigerators.
www.nist.gov/publications/rare-earth-garnets-and-perovskites-space-based-adr-cooling-high-t-and-low-h
Best wishes
M
@@michaeldepodesta001 That's some really cool research! Thanks for sharing it!
This method is used in multiple stages to achieve cryogenic temperatures. This method requires very high magnetic field strengths to get appreciable delta temperature. The magnetic field must be around one Tesla for appreciable delta T. Neodymium magnets although strong but fall short of what is needed. There must be another material with stronger magnetocaliric effect to make this feasible for home use. It is good to look into magnetoreholigical fluids which have magnetocaloric effect as well.
That is what I pointed above. By the way we are going to experiment a future of very intensive magnetic fields since mainstream research finally got it about what really a magnetic field is and how therefore to produce it.
US NAVY PATENT EL PAIS 2017-2018 : just rotate a dipôle around one pôle, that is a rotating E field aka a magnetic field. (practically rotate a high voltage capacity (50 kvolts plus ) at high speed. The classical biot-savart law is a myth as it use "charge q" movements. The flow of free small magnets called electrons cause this weak 'induction" around current lines phenomena.
Love to see the experiment. Searched the USPTO did not find the patent .What is the patent number?
Then electromagnet is good for that
@@heheheheheheheheheheeee Yes, that is what is used to generate very high magnetic fields. The problem is that it uses a lots of electric energy and most of it is lost as heat. It looks like rotating one of the plates of a capacitor creates more powerful magnets than conventional coils. Ok, let us say the current in a cap like that is: I =d(CV)/dt. Let us say the voltage is constant, then: I = VdC/dt . Now let us say C = Cmax ==> Imax = V(cos(Omega t)/dt) = V (Cmax ) (Omega). This means the faster you spin the the plate the higher the current. Which means stronger magnetic field. My problem is understanding the movement of the charges in the dielectric substance between the plates. As I understood it, the movement of those charges is the cause of the generation of high strength magnetic field.
I’m glad someone who knows what there talking about chimed in here(because I don’t) This eases me, because I thought for sure there wouldn’t be a practical way to use this commercially to the public. At least, right now. It seemed more like snake oil at such a small scale. Thank you for the information ^^
Imagine using this to cool your PC, with just gadolinium metal and strong neodymium magnets! I don't see what could possibly go wrong...
Unless you have an HDD, it should be fine
Think the limitation is how much heat it can exchange. One or two degrees isn't much.
Nope, no problems at all, also Im not a bot lol
@@antreaskonstantinou8585 what if you have ADHD
@@flytrapYTP doesnt work with an ADHD. You can use it with an SSD and an STD though
Great Video... but is it just me? This video seemed to end just as it got interesting. I really liked the explanation of how this technology works. I've heard about this a long time ago but never knew much about it; however, the video ended just as I thought we were going to hear more about applications of magnetic refrigeration and if there's any research to make it commercially available, or if there are niche applications that it would be a better solution... Since this has been known for a long time I would expect the research and availability would have made advances.
to me a great portion of TAL videos end when I start to get interested
That's not really what this channel does. It's not a technology showcase. It's (in essence) "Look at the cool experiments that I can do in my garage!". So you won't get long market analyses, but you will get thermocouples on a stick. In a vacuum chamber. With a laser. Painted really black. (-:
Would still have been nice to have some more information regarding how it might be used in the future.. it ended so abruptly you’d think the title and premise of the video is misleading as it almost comes across as “it won’t ever be used for refrigeration, the end.”
@@JdeBP I agree with you about the scope of this channel, however, he sometimes mentions the applications and where you'd see them in real life as well as how they're used, It doesn't have to be a deep dive. His experiments are always so cool, and as you said, done in a garage! Yes!!! He opened the door by mentioning at 4:42 that it is not yet ready for commercial use because you can't get a large temperature delta... Maybe it's used in other places? Is this actively being researched? And maybe there isn't more information... anyways, the video seemed to end abruptly, I think it needed a few more words.
The smaller the temperature drop, the less effective a cooler becomes. This effect only drop temperature a little bit, so it's not useful for large scale cooling.
It has its uses when you try to get close to absolute zero, but not really for anything else.
I'm curious what happens if you combine this with a thermoelectric generator. It could be a fun new perpetual motion type device. Doomed to fail but would be a neat project.
Plz make a video on this
This would make the basis for a solid state Stirling engine (which is the same as the refrigiation cycle but in reverse): A cold end and a hot end along the slide, to make the Gadolinium switch between ferro and para magnetic states and use the change in force in the magnet gap to drive a crank. Maye simpler with a wheel of gadolonium with half the circumfrence cold and the other hot next to a stationary magnet.
Please no. Those ideas need to be left to die. Don't give them new ones
@@Tore_Lund This is a nice concept, hope someone comes around to making it!
@@Tore_Lund I like that idea
I'm in HVAC guy. I didn't know this was a thing. The reason "refrigerants" are used is because of their temperature at a given pressure. They are very cold at atmospheric, but when compressed the reach a "ideal" temperature for their application. Like R22 reaches 40 degrees at about 70 PSI. This is great for residential cooling. Blow warm house air across a coil at that temperature at the speed, that coil will absorb heat from the air so that when the air leaves the coil it's about 50 degrees. Mixing 50 degrees air into your house makes it easy to chill it to a ballpark of 70 degrees which is where most people are comfortable. Different refrigerants have different temperatures at different pressures. Commercial ice plants use water and ammonia as a refrigerant but to do that the have to run in a vacuum instead of at elevated pressures.
You probably know more being an HVAC guy, but I believe refrigerants are not used solely for that reason. It’s mostly about thermodynamics & entropy; requiring/expending energy to change phase from liquid to vapor and vice versa, at certain pressures like you mentioned.
@@PhreakinPhilip Another HVAC guy here, yes, refrigerants are only as useful as the compressor/valve(i.e their difference in pressures)in the system. All refrigerants do the same thing, compressed to higher pressure/temperature, reject heat, decompressed, further lowering temperature, which than absorbs heat from what ever you are trying to cool, and the cycle repeats. The reason different refrigerants are used in different applications is due to their properties before and after the saturation point. They each exchange heat at a different absolute temperature, at the same time their pressure corresponds. That's why there is no universal refrigerant for temps from -40F to 80F, because the pressure range would be so great it would be infeasible to engineer a system to withstand it, so you specialize in different sections of the temp. spectrum to work with more manageable pressures.
Scrubbing tubes good times.
Leave the engineering to engineers and do what you do best, taking hours to troubleshoot split systems and 2 ton gas packs.
@@rawchickensandwich thanks for adding so much to this thread.
This is almost as mind boggling as gas-fired ammonia refrigerator, which is basically operating a distillation column in a fridge.
@@sipanievan8126 shut up bot
@@sohail008007
Yes, I've reported it - not that that'll change anything.
Had an air conditioner based on this. Interesting, but the execution was flawed. The gas-fired parts rusted out too quickly because of the heat (and bad materials choices and design), and the risk of ammonia leak was a bit scary. All of the refrigeration activity happened outside. So, the heat exchanger was inside the house, was not a condenser, and was fed by plain, old automotive radiator fluid. ~~~ But, whoever installed it used the wrong fittings for the pex pipe (least I think that's what it was), and I had to figure out a way to adapt it. I ended up fixing it with a couple of segments of clear vinyl tubing (and hose clamps over pex fittings on one end and pvc fittings on the other) , and it looked like some kind of Willie Wonka green soft-drink machine.
@@rogerkearns8094 Seconded.
@@TesserId I had a small RV fridge using gas-fired ammonia distillation. The chimney rusted up and prevented it from cooling -- had to blow out the rust flakes with compressed air periodically. It took a LONG time to get cold, but I will say the freezer got super cold. One thing about ammonia leaks, IF it happens, there's NO mistaking it.
"Put it in, it goes up."
"Pull it out and it dropps down"
This is fascinating. I’m autistic and I experience the noise of most refrigerators with compressors as unbearable.
How do ypu react to top fuel dragsters, then?
what about the sound of chocolate rain 🤔
Hi Tay!
@@Looser_23 as aspergers,
its not about how loud,its more the combination of pitch repetetiveness and other factors,wich vary between one person to the next,so its like "what do humns like for food" you cant generalise it well,
german is first language and im a bit drunk,
so sry if i had grammar or spelling errors,i hope you understood,
have a nice day :)
A legend appears!
Im a engineer but that means nothing! we can always keep learning. i never knew about this. So cool, keep them coming.
*SENSITIVE CONTENT*
ONNANOKO.TOKYO/machiko
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SMART : flirt.
Like to eat.
Жизнь, как красивая мелодия, только песни перепутались.
#однако #я #люблю #таких #рыбаков
#ライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！#この日のライブ配信は、#かならりやばかったですね！１#万人を超える人が見ていたもんね（笑）#やっぱり人参最高！#まさかのカメラ切り忘れでやら1かしたのもドキドキでした！#今後は気を付けないとね5). .
!💖🖤❤#今後は気をライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！#この日のライブ配信は、#１万人を超える人が見ていたも ん（#笑）#やっぱり人参最高！#まさかのカメラ切り忘れでやら1かしたのもドキドキでした #今後は気をライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！（ #笑）#垃圾
In What field of engineering are you?
That's because this leans more towards the physics field than engineering
Im a me and met.
Engineers deal with magnetism, systems, entopy and enthalpy. All which are involved here.
I wish you defined para/ferro magnetism more explicitly in the video, as well as using Celsius instead of Fahrenheit
You put your Gadolinium in, you take your Gadolinium out, you put your Gadolinium in, and the temps jump all about. That's what magnetic refrigeration's all about.
I learn more completely new (to me) subjects from this channel than I do from anyone else on TH-cam.
I too find that it gets warmer when you put it in, and cooler when you pull it out
Gadolinium salt magnetic refrigerators can maintain cryogenics efficiently.
Очень занимательно.
In der Tat
You are definitely the "Action" lab! Thank you man! You made this year great and interesting with your videos! ❤️
I am still trying to string a frozen fly-- seriously 😂
I forgot to check the name, I thought this was nile red
*SENSITIVE CONTENT*
ONNANOKO.TOKYO/machiko
MEGAN : "Hotter"
HOPI : "Sweeter"
JOONIE : "Cooler"
YOONGI : "Butter" .
PETTY : face.
BODY : Beautiful.
SMART : flirt.
Like to eat.
Жизнь, как красивая мелодия, только песни перепутались.
#однако #я #люблю #таких #рыбаков
#ライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！#この日のライブ配信は、#かならりやばかったですね！１#万人を超える人が見ていたもんね（笑）#やっぱり人参最高！#まさかのカメラ切り忘れでやら1かしたのもドキドキでした！#今後は気を付けないとね5). .
!💖🖤❤#今後は気をライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！#この日のライブ配信は、#１万人を超える人が見ていたも ん（#笑）#やっぱり人参最高！#まさかのカメラ切り忘れでやら1かしたのもドキドキでした #今後は気をライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！（ #笑）#垃圾
India se ho
Even if we spend it in front of computer
@@Grace-bo7fz You're a bot
I think the key is efficiency. Peltier coolers were going to be the ultimate solid state refrigerators, but it turned out they were very power hungry. There has been nothing to remove the gas cycle refrigerators as kinds of efficiency.
Efficiency is one factor, peltier coolers have their uses, where their low efficiency is less important than their low cost and/or silent, solid state operation. Before compressors, ice stored from winter was used for refrigerators, hard to compete in efficiency with something that doesn't use energy, other than what the ice represents. No [expensive] energy used at all, but not very convenient.
This effect is used in many magnet motor generators in Africa, they need a small start up voltage and because the magnets get more efficient at lower temperatures the motor turns the generator which cools the motor and uses less power than the motor needs to spin, so you can run a building on magnet power almost indefinitely for about a dollar's worth of electricity one time. With all the energy companies you will never be allowed to use this technology in the states!
@@kg4boj That is the stupidest thing I have ever heard. You do not know the second law of thermodynamics.
I’m so happy you provide the answer to your own questions… my heart drops whenever you say: “So why is all of this is happening”???? * slight panic attack. Then phew- He gave us the answer.
I interned at GE in 2009 and worked on a project where they were trying to get large deltas using magnetocaloric effect. But it seems we still haven't made much progress there as the problem still exists :(
In 2014, Venkat Venkatakrishnan's team made a breakthrough I read about at New Atlas. Was that the same project?
I believe a company called cooltech supposedly built a full scale commercial model
bro the action lab its actually so underrated that is what i think the stuff you see in here you dont get no where. and for free
I wish you had expanded more on "it's so hard to get such a large temperature delta", and if there are any developments on the horizon that might overcome this issue and lead to commercial use of this technology. Otherwise, it seems the title of your video should be "Is Magnetic Refrigeration the Future of Cooling? Alas, No".
Could u please try to recreate sonoluminescence and make a video about it? I find it really interesting especially since we don't know exactly what causes it
Could you also tell temperatures in Celsius. Its hard to compute this with my brain All the time.
The same applys to feets and meters, or miles and kilometers.
Beside that a great Video. As always.
This is cool, but wildly inefficient compared to modern refrigerants and hvac systems
It would be amazing to find a natural way to replace even just one appliance in our home. Even just finding a way to run a fridge without electricity would have a huge impact on energy use
It would still need energy from somewhere. That source of energy needs to be converted into cooling more efficiently than current tech. Without electricity doesn't mean without energy. There is no free lunch.
@@Desrtfox71 fair enough. I know nothing about this stuff lol
@@Desrtfox71 Can't they use the energy from a solid block of material? Because of E=mc^2, there is a lot, and I mean *A LOT* of energy stored in there!
@@Anonymous-df8it Well, yes we are already doing this with nuclear fission reactors.
@@yeet1337 Oh, cool!
That time he turned a house fly into a "walk"... priceless.
Interesting. Hopefully it can be used to replace harmful refrigerants.
I love science. It doesn't have to be a big change to be interesting. Even the smallest changes can lead to breakthroughs.
Gadolinium is just cool there is a reason why we use it extensively as a contrast Agent in MRI
gives a whole new meaning to the term "refrigerator magnet"
Please, for LITERALLY anyone outside of the US, use Celsius too in your videos, i didn't understand a single reference in temperature
a few weeks ago i was injected with galdonuim for an MRI scan on my kidneys.
I'm reminded of the time I saw a video (on youtube) about a refrigerator that uses rubber bands to cool the food inside.
Both would be an interesting experiment.
There's also a noise advantage. These could work very well in conjunction with a small additional normal cooling system.
Good point!
Still have difficulties of understanding Fahrenheit when this one isn't translated to Celsius.
"Blah be di blah, Celsius." - Craig Benzine
People with this level of knowledge are very alien to me.
I'm chemistry grad from India and currently doing my Post Grad. I'm a huuuuuuuuge fan of yours. It'll just make my day if you reply to this .
Happy new year in advance 🎉🎉 Have a great year ahead Sir ❤️
Thank you for explaining this so well
3:08 I like your funny words, magic man!
*SENSITIVE CONTENT*
ONNANOKO.TOKYO/machiko
MEGAN : "Hotter"
HOPI : "Sweeter"
JOONIE : "Cooler"
YOONGI : "Butter" .
PETTY : face.
BODY : Beautiful.
SMART : flirt.
Like to eat.
Жизнь, как красивая мелодия, только песни перепутались.
#однако #я #люблю #таких #рыбаков
#ライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！#この日のライブ配信は、#かならりやばかったですね！１#万人を超える人が見ていたもんね（笑）#やっぱり人参最高！#まさかのカメラ切り忘れでやら1かしたのもドキドキでした！#今後は気を付けないとね5). .
!💖🖤❤#今後は気をライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！#この日のライブ配信は、#１万人を超える人が見ていたも ん（#笑）#やっぱり人参最高！#まさかのカメラ切り忘れでやら1かしたのもドキドキでした #今後は気をライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！（ #笑）#垃圾
There are solid state electrical generators which use temperature differential and refrig or heat if current is applied.
Coleman 12vdc coolers use this tech.
Excellent videos. Thanks
Yes. Those thermoelectric coolers are called peltier elements, and they are very interesting.
@@YSPACElabs and also very inefficient.
Surely the limited temperature range of the effect produces it from being used in refrigeration, worse still the heating or cooling produced is so small compared with traditional cooling systems. It appears to be even worse limitations than peltier cooling. There are more attractive exotic cooling systems, such as those that work by the adiabatic expansion produced by sound waves.
This effect is being used in solid matter physics to cool down tiny chunks of material to µK, so nothing commercial really
@@yeet1337 if the effect is only limited to working around the Curie temperature, how does it work down at uK? Maybe I have misunderstood the video. I will watch it again. If it works down to such low temperatures it is very commercial in cooling radio receivers, quantum computers and camera sensors.
@@nigeljohnson9820 Its not limited to working around the Curie Temp. It works for every paramagnetic material. The way he built this simple model needed the Curie Temp.
@@yeet1337 so basically it has less to do with curie temperature and more to do with the strenght of magnetic field like @Haik Biglari mentioned. As in you'd increase the strenght of magnetic field to increase the temperature differential to achieve greater cooling?
If so, the main concern I have for commercial viability of the technology is the efficiency compared to adiabatic cooling processes or even peltier cooling. Surely the electromagnetic circuitry required for forming and sustaining high magnetic fields would produce a lot of excess heat, leading to some losses in efficiency. It would also necessitate the use of big and bulky heat exchangers, which could reduce the usefulness due to increased form factor.
@@wiltsuFIN Yes exactly, as you increase the field strength the temp difference goes up. Don't know about the efficiency though, only know about small-ish physics-related experiments where it is obviously not of concern. It basically involves two steps: 1. Isothermic enabling of the magnetic field around your material. This will decrease the entropy. 2. Adiabatic disabling the field again, then you will be left with the cooled down sample because of the lower entropy and no way for heat to get back in it in time.
please use celsius when doing your expirements or use both for everyone outside the states to realise what is hapening!
This channel so underated.
This is actually insanely smart!
Nice video! Im a PhD student and work with magnetocaloric materials and their application for magnetic refrigeration!
I'd like to see this with a lazer temp gun. I think the magnets could be messing with the metal sensor.
This is a real effect. As it happens, a lot of the research on this is happening on the campus where I work. th-cam.com/video/KphK0sk9uNg/w-d-xo.html
The Laws of Thermodynamics and the Gas laws for heating and cooling systems. Lots of interesting new things coming out.
You might like this th-cam.com/video/L51kg_n2PYo/w-d-xo.html
Not sure how you come up with these ideas, but this one is really amazing!
I remember seeing somewhere recently that they came out with a new fluorocarbonless refrigerant that supposed to be completely compatible with old units.
Cyclopentane?
I really enjoy your videos, thank you for all these interesting knowledge ! 😄
*SENSITIVE CONTENT*
ONNANOKO.TOKYO/machiko
MEGAN : "Hotter"
HOPI : "Sweeter"
JOONIE : "Cooler"
YOONGI : "Butter" .
PETTY : face.
BODY : Beautiful.
SMART : flirt.
Like to eat.
Жизнь, как красивая мелодия, только песни перепутались.
#однако #я #люблю #таких #рыбаков
#ライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！#この日のライブ配信は、#かならりやばかったですね！１#万人を超える人が見ていたもんね（笑）#やっぱり人参最高！#まさかのカメラ切り忘れでやら1かしたのもドキドキでした！#今後は気を付けないとね5). .
!💖🖤❤#今後は気をライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！#この日のライブ配信は、#１万人を超える人が見ていたも ん（#笑）#やっぱり人参最高！#まさかのカメラ切り忘れでやら1かしたのもドキドキでした #今後は気をライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！（ #笑）#垃圾
Hope for the future? Thanks, I needed that.
The other issue with this technology other than getting a meaningful delta T is that the active heat transfer system that would be required would use more energy than the cooling capacity of the system. That would make it really inefficient. In a classical refrigeration system, the cooling mechanism is the heat transfer system, so there is much greater efficiency there.
Can you please use fine precision Celsius for science?
I was like damn, how can the room be so hot.
I'm very impressed by your new videos. I used to watch you a few years ago but, I hate to say it, it seemed like your videos didn't have enough research leading up to them. However, this past year you have shown that you know what you're talking about, and they seem very well put together. I enjoy your videos and I'm very happy to see you succeeding on TH-cam.
God bless!
Mate we don't use Freon as refrigerant anymore nowadays we use (R134a) as a refrigerant in Refrigerator which is eco friendly
This alternate use of cooling besides air kinda reminds me of Ben's little rubber band refrigerator over at Applied Science.
Merely the exercise of discovery is worth the time. Thanks for all your knowledge.
Turns out mining too much Gadolinium opens the gates of hell... so...
Seems like it all moves pretty slow so a pendulum and escapment driving the magnet in and out could be kind of artistic.
Wow nice discovery🤩 and nicely explained
That would be so nice to have!!! Never run out of ice again 😍
Seriously ur looking at a gold mine here!
Thank you for your explanation. I have a clearer understanding of these topics, which are undoubtedly relatively new. I'll send you a mega-like. Greetings.
Imagine the possibilities if this theory is really implemented! This could be another revolution, and it would also omit the release of harmful fluorocarbons.
Magnets under constant use degrade quickly and need to be remagnetized using electricity. Salt water is also used in large refrigeration units. Don’t buy a refrigerator using fluorocarbons and be the example.
Electro magnets would still drain a lot of energy no
I just read that Japan is doing this to efficiently liquefy hydrogen. They went with Holmium + Boron, which has the highest entropy for magnetic materials that are safe to handle. Apparently they used Artificial Intelligence to determine the material with the highest entropy. Pretty cool stuff, can't wait for my air conditioner to run at -252C.
Two points: First, the extremely low temperature delta is a serious problem that will limit the efficiency of such a system, so that may be a fatal flaw. Second, current refrigeration does not rely on the thermal effects of compression and expansion directly. Rather, they use those methods to induce phase change in the coolant, where the majority of the heat transfer occurs.
Thats really cool. I love science experiments. And your videos are the best to see those experiments
I can picture a version of this that uses kinetic temperature parts to move the magnet. If it can work like a pendulum and the temperature can keep it going. you may be on your way to using magnets like a battery with essential parts that work alongside it. The key is widening the temperature gap to use for energy generation.
This channel is always amazing. Even in future, that I'm sure of
*SENSITIVE CONTENT*
ONNANOKO.TOKYO/machiko
MEGAN : "Hotter"
HOPI : "Sweeter"
JOONIE : "Cooler"
YOONGI : "Butter" .
PETTY : face.
BODY : Beautiful.
SMART : flirt.
Like to eat.
Жизнь, как красивая мелодия, только песни перепутались.
#однако #я #люблю #таких #рыбаков
#ライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！#この日のライブ配信は、#かならりやばかったですね！１#万人を超える人が見ていたもんね（笑）#やっぱり人参最高！#まさかのカメラ切り忘れでやら1かしたのもドキドキでした！#今後は気を付けないとね5). .
!💖🖤❤#今後は気をライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！#この日のライブ配信は、#１万人を超える人が見ていたも ん（#笑）#やっぱり人参最高！#まさかのカメラ切り忘れでやら1かしたのもドキドキでした #今後は気をライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！（ #笑）#垃圾
So thankyou this has been really useful as I am studying creatures on neptune and their base element is gadolinium so it makes sense with heat and movent with such high winds. Thankyou
Your schematic of a refrigeration system with the magnet looks astoundingly like a Strirling engine.
heat transfer is heat transfer
@@WeighedWilson
Moving the metal into/out of the “heat” is just like the juggling of air back and forth in a stirling.
as with many alternative cooling solutions it probably won't replace refrigerants any time soon if ever. everything has a use, peltier devices are extremely inefficient and yet they find some use where space is more important than efficiency. but for any large scale application energy consumption is probably gonna be the greatest concern, which is why we use refrigerant based cooling
*"Magnets!"*
-Colonel Jack O'Neill SG1
as my research in this field of physics i detect that is possible to create cool without external energy
that's a cool video, short,not too clickbaity and kinda ahead of youtube scientifically
This is really cool, but I don't think it will find use in refrigerators any time soon. The cooler BASF demonstrated has way too many moving parts, that would make it noisy and prone to failure!
Huh. This feels like it could be used in concert with nighthawkinlight's acoustic refrigerator.
That could useful for energy saving air-conditioner and refrigerator
This futuristic technology will definitely be mind-blowing for us..
*SENSITIVE CONTENT*
ONNANOKO.TOKYO/machiko
MEGAN : "Hotter"
HOPI : "Sweeter"
JOONIE : "Cooler"
YOONGI : "Butter" .
PETTY : face.
BODY : Beautiful.
SMART : flirt.
Like to eat.
Жизнь, как красивая мелодия, только песни перепутались.
#однако #я #люблю #таких #рыбаков
#ライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！#この日のライブ配信は、#かならりやばかったですね！１#万人を超える人が見ていたもんね（笑）#やっぱり人参最高！#まさかのカメラ切り忘れでやら1かしたのもドキドキでした！#今後は気を付けないとね5). .
!💖🖤❤#今後は気をライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！#この日のライブ配信は、#１万人を超える人が見ていたも ん（#笑）#やっぱり人参最高！#まさかのカメラ切り忘れでやら1かしたのもドキドキでした #今後は気をライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！（ #笑）#垃圾
"This type of refrigeration is really cool" I see what you did there!
Love your videos man! I just don't know fahrenheit, could you next time also say Celsius or Kelvin 😅
The vortex tube I have was fascinating until now.
Magnetic refrigeration is used on cryogenic application, not with this material but with the similar concept here explained, you can check ARD magnet systems that can achieve up to 300mK (milikelvin).
A great test in proving the existence of Gadolinium by non-destructive means.
Does the low curie point have anything to do with why gadolinium is used as an MRI contrast agent?
I would like to see more videos of cooling using as little energy as possible.
I think cooling things down is the biggest energy drain we have.
And it just appalls me how many people won’t use the natural cold as a refrigerator when available.
My garage during the winter just becomes an extra refrigerator that occasionally freezes, just like my refrigerator inside...
Cooling doesn't consume as much power as heating does.
Except in the case where you run an AC in reverse. But most homes don't have AC with that functionality and it doesn't work well when it's really cold outside.
Containers break when water freezes. That's why people don't use "natural" cold.
"This kind of refrigeration is so cool"
Nice pun there bro
Residual Entropy---› Third law of thermodynamics... Gadolinium was used because it has highest no. of unpaired electrons (4f⁷) along with liquid helium.
Great demonstration, very interesting effects. > Builds a magnetic seat warmer and beverage cooler for those day's you don't want to get up.
this gave me an idea, what if you shot a bullet through a magnetic field? like a long magnetic field. Like two long magnets side by side with a little channel inbetween for the round to traverse
It would be nice if you gave numbers in Celsius as well so normal people can understand
This effect is talked a lot about for a while now, and it will most likely slowly but steadily begin to evolve in a new generation of heatpumps and fridges, i have heart rumours that there is already one company building a fridge and is about bringing it to market.
3:34 "This type of refrigeration is really cool"
I see what you did there. 🙂
HAPPY NEW YEAR SIR
Currently they’re working on using propane for refrigeration and air-conditioning, that’s very interesting,
th-cam.com/video/KDPgGDCdAo4/w-d-xo.html - yes, very current.
Anyway they had 82 years to investigate effiency, and as it stands it uses 6x more energy than a regular fridge. It's been researched thoroughly because the ease of using propane to run a fridge.
Need a material with lot greater temperature range for this to be practical.
How long till "Gadolinium" becomes "Gadolinum" in US?
*SENSITIVE CONTENT*
ONNANOKO.TOKYO/machiko
MEGAN : "Hotter"
HOPI : "Sweeter"
JOONIE : "Cooler"
YOONGI : "Butter" .
PETTY : face.
BODY : Beautiful.
SMART : flirt.
Like to eat.
Жизнь, как красивая мелодия, только песни перепутались.
#однако #я #люблю #таких #рыбаков
#ライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！#この日のライブ配信は、#かならりやばかったですね！１#万人を超える人が見ていたもんね（笑）#やっぱり人参最高！#まさかのカメラ切り忘れでやら1かしたのもドキドキでした！#今後は気を付けないとね5). .
!💖🖤❤#今後は気をライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！#この日のライブ配信は、#１万人を超える人が見ていたも ん（#笑）#やっぱり人参最高！#まさかのカメラ切り忘れでやら1かしたのもドキドキでした #今後は気をライブ配信の再編ありがとうです！（ #笑）#垃圾
That was really interesting. Thank you.
I'll watch any number of viceos on alternate cooling tech, even if it's not actually viable. I find refrigeration incredibly interesting.
Physicists observed a strange new type of behaviour in a magnetic material when it’s heated up. The magnetic spins ‘freeze’ into a static pattern when the temperature rises, a phenomenon that normally occurs when the temperature decreases discovered the phenomenon in the material neodymium
He always give me new ideas to mudder someone