I wish he had his own show where he walked through different landscapes explaining what to look for, and how to read them. As a kid he always amazed, and watching them back now, he still does.
Small businesses built all of our countries. Everything we have today was built on the backs of our ancestors. This reminds me of how things were even back in the 1970's. Every neighborhood in my city had an electronics repair shop, an automotive repair shop, a tailor, a cobbler, a baker, and etc. In those ways, everything was more far sustainable.
I’m 58. When I was little, just about everybody, regardless of your actual job, knew how to make or repair something. You knit, you crocheted, you quilted, you sewed, you worked on cars, you could add a porch on your house, replace a window, work on a furnace or help a neighbor with a plumbing problem. I can spin, weave, quilt, knit and crochet. My dad taught me how to change a tire and do simple car maintenance. Now days, not so many people have the skills to pass on, and nobody seems to want to learn.
@@Blisterdude123 Yes. I like the way he's so happy in his own skin. He is proof positive of what can be achieved without a degree through the love of something, hands-on experience and a very inquiring mind. I introduced my two grandchildren to Time Team when they were aged 5 & 7 and they both instantly fell in love with Phil. Kids just seem to gravitate towards good people.
As a gardener and landscaper, I’d like to consider myself a professional ditch digger, and I’m always impressed by their clean turf cutting skills and deep trenches. Especially anyplace they excavate that’s wooded. Chopping through centuries of gnarled English hardwood tree roots and underbrush has got to labor intensive.
This episode was particularly interesting for me. My ancestors owned a water powered flour mill in Westhofen, Germany from 1654 to 1746 when my 5th Great Grandfather Wilhelm Gorkum sold it and came to Nova Scotia in 1752 (later a province of Canada). That building still exists although no longer a mill.
I used to walk by an old mill-race. Out of use, the mill was missing but the big millstone was by the side of the dirt track about 90 feet higher up. Obviously all had been dismantled.
Something about finding the kitchen floor got me this time, that was someone's home, or at least close to being it, within LIVING memory. All under buried the ground and you wouldn't know it was there. The pictures of the mill owner and local people talking about him over them was just lovely.
I also thought that was nice, but they then promptly dug it up to try to find something older underneath which they didn't. I doubt it'd be put back...
@@richardevans8979 well they have to put all the dirt back and if they'd not cared about the tiles why bother trying to lift the tiles individually instead of digging them out in a big mass with the digger? They mention on many occasions putting things, that don't need to be taken to be studied, back as they were found for future archeologists.
@@richardevans8979 Archaeological excavation is destruction which is why accurate recording of what you find is so important. If they hadn't looked for something older under the floor then that question would have gone unanswered.
Best episode ever. I live in a 420 year old mill in Wales with a stone lined leet in the garden. Sadly all of the machinery was removed around 100 years ago. The wheel pit Is in my walled courtyard!
Just a note to say that I really appreciate your TT videos as they have helped me through my personal vulnerability lock down which has now lasted 2 years. I have learned a lot of technical stuff as well as admiration for all the skills evident in your team! Thank you so much. Fiona
By the way, regarding that metal wheel with wooden cogs: In Guédelon they reconstructed a wooden mill and they experienced a LOT of abrasion in the cogs at the beginning, but it turns out this stops once the cogs have... basically found a shape that has minimal forces. In a way, you let abrasion shape precision cogs instead of making them to the necessary precision yourself.
Breaking them in. Running in. We still do this with machinery to this very day. We machine them a lot tighter in tolerance these days but the final fitting is done by the machine in its first hours of service.
This is the reason you run any new engine/gearbox in and replace the lubricants at tighter intervals at first, to let things mate properly and then get rid of all the tiny metal pieces that wear off. 😁
such a great find, and such a shame that in the 1960's people though it was of no use anymore so tear it all down:-(. All that history, almost disappeared until Time Team came along, and found it again.
Indeed! back then it was viewed as just an old derelict building and an eyesore. these days it would be bought by a developer for a song, renovated/remodeled with all mod cons, and sold to a rich American for a couple millions. the locals would still think it an eyesore though.🙄
8:00 undershots might be the most inefficient when it comes to percentage of the energy converted, but it's the only one that you can use in flat lands with barely any level difference and when they are made without the underwater dam, they don't even disrupt the waterflow. It was even possible to make a small one directly on a creek or small river that would just always turn, and belts were used to spin up the cogs. Those are all things that you couldn't do with the other ones. I wouldn't try to run a sawmill on it, though... hehheh.
What comes across strongly from viewing ‘Time Team’ over many years is the general good natured repartee that exists in interaction between the team’s members. Clearly they have their disagreements as their passion boils over from time to time, but overall they clearly have respect for each other’s contributions. The area most likely to cause disagreement appears to be that of geophysics and technical aides as opposed to that of the ‘trowel and spade’ technology. The like of Stewart and Phil who constantly disagree on the value of their expertise. ‘Off camera’ I suspect they voice their differences, but ‘On camera’ it’s good natured banter. Overall they appear to get on well.
You're so right, it's the playful banter & the great working relationships that makes me prefer Time Team to many others, and has done for MANY a year!👍🌈🇨🇦☘️⚜️
Cant wait for this to be released, something to watch in the bath on a Sunday afternoon. Sunday afternoon. 6pm Time Team used to be on when I was a child, like many people my age into history we call ourselves the 'time team generation'!
I'm always amazed at the knowledge and skill of the team and their ability to piece together bits of data to paint a picture of a site, in this case, a picture that spans over one thousand years. Bravo!
What a fantastic investigation by the whole team...... Brilliant. The one gripe..... Not about the Time Team - but who ever saw fit to pull the mill down !
There was not the market then for such property for conversion and they were often simply pulled down to save paying the rates - the UK Property Tax at that time.
Phil, Your determination took me right back to my favorite era, the medieval period. I thank you and the whole Time Team for illustrating how this area was perfect for a mill or should I say mills that cover 1000 years and is even listed in the Domesday Book. 🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟
Time team what a great success, a good percentage of the programmes I have watched over the years great team and great banter with all the team some of the original team have left us but left some great memories what a great series hope to see more of time team with new members xx
Omg!! 😂 Funny enough, more than the daisy dukes, l love Phil cuz he's funny AND smart. The perfect guy to an old girl like me, lol!😉👍 Happy weekend!!🐾🌈🇨🇦☘️⚜️
In the Domesday book, a virgate, yardland, or yard of land was an English unit of land. Primarily a measure of tax assessment rather than area, the virgate was usually reckoned as ¹⁄₄ hide and notionally equal to 30 acres.
awesome. you dig the most interesting sites. I volunteered on a couple of sites and it was the most exciting thing I've done. I love history but finding it is so thrilling. thanks for all your work. I look for ward for the next episode.
There was no mention but, was the domestic part of the building linked through a doorway to the mill proper? I would expect NOT. Many times I've seen where its stated that no naked flames can be within the flour mill as the dust can ignite. I'd assume then the miller would actually leave his 'home' and walk around to the mill part of the structure? This was a particularly interesting episode.
The 60s truly were a bizarre and dark time for British heritage. So many wonderful buildings, that later would have been given protected/listed status, were demolished and flimsy and often ugly buildings erected in their stead. That mill would never have been demolished if it had hung around another decade or so. That said, Britain’s covered in old mill buildings, with leets and mill ponds, so they’re not exactly rare.
it appears in the 60's with the likes of Sir John Betjeman/ St Pancras, that there was the start of the presevation of such buildings. I think after the war there was a rush to lets just knock it down, and maybe a disregard due to the damage during the war , and build horrid utilitarian buildings, but that in itself grew the call to preseve what was left.
Some things occur to me about this episode. It should be pointed out the difference between grinding grain and milling. When you grind you have two stones in contact with grain being passed between the stones. This leads to pulverized stone being mixed into the product (meal or flour). This is important in examining dental wear as people who eat stone ground foods had increased wear of the tooth enamel. Willing, on the other hand uses stones which are precisely shaped and the stones never touch. A very fine adjustment of the clearance between the stones allows them to pulverize the grain with very little stone wear and little stone getting into the product. The bottom of the wheel pit would have had erosion from the water flowing through it and would have had regular repair work done over it's life. Floods would have likely have over-topped the regulator gate at some times in the life of the mill and the uncontrolled flow would have damaged the mill wheel and pit and that would have required major repairs from time to time. 18th and 19th century construction habits often used heavy oak timbers as the foundation for stone and masonry construction and those timbers buried deep under ground can survive for a surprisingly long time. I've seen 150 year old stone culverts built on 2 inch by 8 inch oak planks where the planks show in the bottom of the culvert under the water and they appear very solid. French mill stones are considered the best and they developed a large industry and shipped them almost everywhere during the 19th century shipping them cheaply as ships ballast to their destination.
As a point of interest, the wooden gear wheel cogs that were morticed into the cast gear would most likely have been made from hornbeam, a white hardwood that is in fact very hard indeed and perfect for such work.
Interesting. In the 70s I was in a windmill in the north of the Netherlands and all the gears were made of oak. Specifically oak from Poland as it was the hardest oak available. The sound inside the mill as the the sails turned was amazing, very deep low rhythmic noise that vibrated through your body. The wooden heart of the mill.
Great upload thanks for the proffessionalism of all the of the tt works. Phil will dig anywhere his spade lands, Tony never gets dirty and niomi gets to work in sespits. while mick tries solve the puzzle and explains it all to Tony
I'm from the area of Staffordshire where that pottery came from, so it was very nice it was found, representing a lost industry (and more besides) from its place of origin.
As a long time Time Team watcher i have come to the conclusion that there are two very different Phil's, and i'm afraid we have not got the smiling, laughing, engaging and happy one in this episode................
I find it an amazing act of vandalism, if the wheel pit was a safety hazard there was nothing to stop it simply being filled in. To demolish the whole mill, with the history that this place had, defies belief & matches the Victorian attitude toward old buildings that resulted in the loss of so many similar irreplaceable locations.
What a great episode. I know it was probably dangerously dilapidated, but it's sad that the last mill-house was demolished in the 1960s. When we saw the other, working, mill in Dotton, we saw the fascinating potential of a living museum.
I don't understand why they knocked it down, it appears the area was not reused and now adays that would have been restored either as a house our a working mill. I don't remember seeing this one before so well done.
Thank you for bringing Team Team to YT! I love this show and have watched all the full episodes. I've noticed that there is some judder in most (all?) of the videos. I'm quite certain the show was originally produced at 25 frames per second, or possibly 50 interlaced. However YT has encoded it as 24 fps, which I believe results in the judder. If there is some way to fix this it would be greatly appreciated, so we can enjoy the beautiful English countryside in all its fluid-motion splendour. If not, we'll enjoy it anyway. Again, thank you!
Not a major problem in the scheme of things is it? These guys are trying to do more New Time Teams programmes and trying to be able to pay for and asking for contributions as they are no longer funded by television channels. Why don’t you go to Patreon and donate instead of moaning …
Loved this, as water mills have been an interest of mine for years. And TT has been a point of interest since its beginnings. However, some things rankled me about this particular programme… To hear such a respected person as Mick Aston say, “..well, we don’t know much about water mills…” was astonishing. Of course we know about them. They were so important socially, militarily and mechanically that they have been written about, described and studied since at least the Ancient Greek period. That’s why Willy the Conq required them to be accounted for in his Doomsday Book (written by Anglo-Saxons BTW, they had the skills for such documents, the Normans less so). And because water mills were still working into the period of “living memory” (witnessed by the local people interviewed here, and the fact that Tony visited a working mill in this programme) we are not dealing with ancient history which has been lost, this is “now” history. Second -slightly lesser - rankling aspect was that this mill’s wheel was either an ‘improved high breast-shot’ wheel or a ‘ponclett-wheel’ (depending on what was on top of the water-feed directly before the wheel), but this was not given in the explanation of water-wheel types, though it makes Dotton mill very interesting. Third rankle was the reasons given for using wooden cogs in the pit wheel. Wood (usually fruit wood - apple or pear for their hard-wearing qualities) was used for quieter running (stated in programme) and *ease of repair*. To say that 19th Century iron-casting was not straight enough for the wheels in a mill was a silly statement - it was straight enough for locomotive wheels, for goodness sake! Wooden cogs were easily replaced individually if one broke - a common occurrence if something like a tree branch jammed in the water wheel and stopped it turning. Quicker, easier and cheaper to carve a new cog and put it in the wheel rim than replace a whole cast pit-wheel. (There was evidence in the curved face of the brickwork in the water-wheel pit that there had been such jams in the life of this mill). I feel the team got away with a less-than true picture of their subject here, and it was the poorer for such sub-standard presentation. Les
Can someone help me? I know that corn is obviously also milled but wheat is usually used in bread. Can't tell if the loaf Tony help up was wheat or corn flour. I don't remember seeing corn fields or wheat fields either. Guess it could be barley or oats. Just not sure why they keep saying corn. Thanks for helping me out.
I'm watching from all the way down under with my eldest daughter Amber and we are from Mount Gambier in the State Of South Australian.🥇🇦🇺🦘⚜️👑⚜️🏴🇬🇧
Confused about Mick's reference to corn (Zea mays) as corn only grown for around the last 200 years in UK and then not in a big way until fairly recently. Perhaps wheat?
@@SevCaswell Yes. Historically 'corn' was the name given to the main cereal crop of a region. In England, usually wheat, but could be maize, oats, barley.
From Merriam-Webster: Definition of corn (Entry 1 of 3) 3 British : the grain of a cereal grass that is the primary crop of a region (such as wheat in Britain and oats in Scotland and Ireland)
It is sad that such a old site could not survive . A thousand years of different mills on the same site milling flour . That would translate into about 50 generations people receiving flour to make their daily bread from there . That would have touched peoples life more than a church , castle or abbey .
We don't need as many mills anymore, and we can't keep all of them around just to look at. A modern mill replaces hundreds if not thousands of smaller mills.
Lots of comments talking about how corn wasn't in Britain not checking that the meaning of the word is what they assume. Corn is just a generic term for a grain. Just a quick google search would fix the misunderstanding. "The sense of the Old English word was "grain with the seed still in" (as in barleycorn) rather than a particular plant. Locally understood to denote the leading crop of a district. It has been restricted to the indigenous "maize" in America (c. 1600, originally Indian corn, but the adjective was dropped), usually "wheat" in England, "oats" in Scotland and Ireland, while Korn means "rye" in parts of Germany."
I just stumbled across this show and I truly love it, but when you roll around to day 3 You always leave it with more questions than answers. I really wish you can expect expand your days of digging or do a 2 part show. At least that will give you 6 days of gathering good information. My other question, what happens when you leave? Do you actually cover up the site or does someone else continue working on what you started?
Sadly TT ended in 2014. They worked it on a 3 day dig so they could work Monday to Friday. Monday would be setting up all the TV kit and getting everyone on site and Friday was filling in all the trenches and packing up (not anything interesting to film). Good news though, there should be a few new episodes filmed soon.
I have to ask this again. Why was it knocked down? It is interesting that everyone just takes it at face value that it was knocked down but no one shows any curiosity as to why such a valuable artifact was knocked down, seemingly for no reason at all. They would not need to excavate anything if the damn thing was left alone.
As the site has not been developed, presumably the building was derelict and considered uneconomical to repair. Sadly, in the post-war period Britain lost a lot of historic buildings and underground archaeological remains in the quest to modernise.
Not clearly visible, but the pit wheel has a 45 degree tilted surface in which the holes for the wooden cogs are made. The other wheel was probably 100% cast iron, but with a similar tilded surface, mounted on a vertical axle. The animation on 44:00 shows a different set of wheels, not common for a mill. It would be fantastic if parts of this mill could be restored and made available to the public. Bit of a sad story that after 1000 years of milling only some obscure ruins are left.
So, there was this mill building, and a little creek diversion to drive the water ... and then what happened? How did it get covered with so much dirt and lost?
I guess there must have been a lock at the river Otter to regulate the waterflow. The choice for wooden cogs is also based on the wear and tear of the mill gears. If wooden cogs run together with iron cogs, the wooden ones will erode away after some years, but the iron ones will not. So the maintenance is an easy job. Replacing a cast iron gear is close to a nightmare and cannot be done by the miller himself. In Dutch mills, these wooden cogs are often made of boxwood imported from the Mediterranean and greased with beewax. I did not catch where this first piece of cast Iron frame served for which was discovered by Phil Harding.
Slavery has been a part of human history since the beginning. It is well known that the Romans practised it but it was also common amongst the Vikings, and when the Europeans began buying slaves in Africa they were buying them from established merchants that had been buying and selling africans for centuries. Then there were the Barbary Pirates who kidnapped white europeans to sell in africa and the middle east. So the History of Humanity is the History of Slavery.
That slave was possibly freed, shortly after the writing of Domesday william the conqueror banned the slave trade and freed about 25% of slaves in England
Yes, they fill in (unless there's an ongoing archaeological project they're temporarily helping out with or other specific reason why they wouldn't). And they always went to places where they *believed* they would find something. There were a couple of occasions where they were wrong or very nearly so, however. (Also, some episodes where they found stuff, but it wasn't even nearly what they thought they'd find. "A Neolithic Cathedral" - on this channel, th-cam.com/video/1NvMGhtq30E/w-d-xo.html - is a good example of this, where they went looking for Roman and found prehistoric.)
My neighbour's house used to have a mill, the wheel pit still there, but the wheel and machinery now gone. The same stream that once drove his mill also drove a sawmill that lies on my property. The saw pit still resides in the stream, the circular saw blades are in my garden.
I have grown up in the true heartland of the US. Grains, potatoes, sugar beets, ect... Until we throw the big how do you do..our State (employee) run grain mill. This is something great to watch.
The 60's was a bad period for preserving things like buildings, demolition was rife, no one seemed to care somuch about presevation ,ive seen it myself at the time, probably today that building may have been preserved, one good thing about today!
I'm happy to see that you accomplished something. What happens when you are done does the work still continue or is it stopped. You are much more interesting than EXPOSITION UNKNOWN. They never accomplish anything.
I just love Phil's enthusiasm! I always look forward to watching Time Team for whatever mischief he can get into.
Stewart is so clever….I am always impressed by his reading of the landscape….
And you never know if he'll show up in period attire 😅
I wish he had his own show where he walked through different landscapes explaining what to look for, and how to read them. As a kid he always amazed, and watching them back now, he still does.
Small businesses built all of our countries. Everything we have today was built on the backs of our ancestors.
This reminds me of how things were even back in the 1970's. Every neighborhood in my city had an electronics repair shop, an automotive repair shop, a tailor, a cobbler, a baker, and etc. In those ways, everything was more far sustainable.
And all the stores were locally owned, not big chains who have long ago driven the locals out of business.
You said it perfectly hello from CANADA. 🇨🇦
I’m 58. When I was little, just about everybody, regardless of your actual job, knew how to make or repair something. You knit, you crocheted, you quilted, you sewed, you worked on cars, you could add a porch on your house, replace a window, work on a furnace or help a neighbor with a plumbing problem. I can spin, weave, quilt, knit and crochet. My dad taught me how to change a tire and do simple car maintenance. Now days, not so many people have the skills to pass on, and nobody seems to want to learn.
Nicely Stated!
@@bwktlcn you are absolutely right -
I love this episode. We got not one, but two "stone the crows" from Phil in this show. Well done Phil!
Phil is so wonderfully unpretentious.
@@anncoffey8375 He is a man who is so wonderfully honest about the fact he's spent his life doing what he loves.
@@Blisterdude123 Yes. I like the way he's so happy in his own skin. He is proof positive of what can be achieved without a degree through the love of something, hands-on experience and a very inquiring mind. I introduced my two grandchildren to Time Team when they were aged 5 & 7 and they both instantly fell in love with Phil. Kids just seem to gravitate towards good people.
I love all TT Episodes - but this one was especially fun. Who doesn't love a Mill?
I’m always impressed by the skill of the front end loader operators at these sites.
What about the lawnmower ?
As a gardener and landscaper, I’d like to consider myself a professional ditch digger, and I’m always impressed by their clean turf cutting skills and deep trenches. Especially anyplace they excavate that’s wooded. Chopping through centuries of gnarled English hardwood tree roots and underbrush has got to labor intensive.
@@johansmallberries9874 need a good tractor like a ferrari
They are very easy to operate. Quite fun to play around with.
This episode was particularly interesting for me. My ancestors owned a water powered flour mill in Westhofen, Germany from 1654 to 1746 when my 5th Great Grandfather Wilhelm Gorkum sold it and came to Nova Scotia in 1752 (later a province of Canada). That building still exists although no longer a mill.
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☣ ☠ ☣🌈⛲️☀️🕶👣🏄♂️🌌
@@user-lj5xn4ro2g ???? No idea what this is or how it would be relevant to my comment.
here’s a comment that hopefully IS relevant;
really cool story! great research, how fantastic to know so much about one’s ancestors
Fascinating! Thank you for this 🙂
I used to walk by an old mill-race. Out of use, the mill was missing but the big millstone was by the side of the dirt track about 90 feet higher up.
Obviously all had been dismantled.
Something about finding the kitchen floor got me this time, that was someone's home, or at least close to being it, within LIVING memory. All under buried the ground and you wouldn't know it was there. The pictures of the mill owner and local people talking about him over them was just lovely.
There was an episode where they found 2000 year old hair in a grave. That one got to me
I also thought that was nice, but they then promptly dug it up to try to find something older underneath which they didn't. I doubt it'd be put back...
@@richardevans8979 well they have to put all the dirt back and if they'd not cared about the tiles why bother trying to lift the tiles individually instead of digging them out in a big mass with the digger? They mention on many occasions putting things, that don't need to be taken to be studied, back as they were found for future archeologists.
@@richardevans8979 Archaeological excavation is destruction which is why accurate recording of what you find is so important. If they hadn't looked for something older under the floor then that question would have gone unanswered.
Me too! I loved it and want to re-purpose that flooring. I think it would be lovely to use in a current home.
The Phil and John banter at the start had me in stitches.
Phil "let's get digging"
John " no, we've got to geophys this first"
Ooof!! The layer-cake that is England, fabulous stuff. Many thanks.
Best episode ever. I live in a 420 year old mill in Wales with a stone lined leet in the garden. Sadly all of the machinery was removed around 100 years ago.
The wheel pit Is in my walled courtyard!
How exciting!☺️
Just a note to say that I really appreciate your TT videos as they have helped me through my personal vulnerability lock down which has now lasted 2 years. I have learned a lot of technical stuff as well as admiration for all the skills evident in your team! Thank you so much. Fiona
By the way, regarding that metal wheel with wooden cogs: In Guédelon they reconstructed a wooden mill and they experienced a LOT of abrasion in the cogs at the beginning, but it turns out this stops once the cogs have... basically found a shape that has minimal forces. In a way, you let abrasion shape precision cogs instead of making them to the necessary precision yourself.
Breaking them in. Running in. We still do this with machinery to this very day. We machine them a lot tighter in tolerance these days but the final fitting is done by the machine in its first hours of service.
This is the reason you run any new engine/gearbox in and replace the lubricants at tighter intervals at first, to let things mate properly and then get rid of all the tiny metal pieces that wear off. 😁
Fascinating little thread. I've watched some of the Guédelon videos as well what a brilliant project.
Im someone with lots of skills but no engineering brain at all. I puzzle how a hand loom works, never mind anything more complicated.
They had the same issues with manually operated drawbridge mechanisms until they had a bit of seasoning
such a great find, and such a shame that in the 1960's people though it was of no use anymore so tear it all down:-(. All that history, almost disappeared until Time Team came along, and found it again.
Indeed! back then it was viewed as just an old derelict building and an eyesore. these days it would be bought by a developer for a song, renovated/remodeled with all mod cons, and sold to a rich American for a couple millions. the locals would still think it an eyesore though.🙄
8:00 undershots might be the most inefficient when it comes to percentage of the energy converted, but it's the only one that you can use in flat lands with barely any level difference and when they are made without the underwater dam, they don't even disrupt the waterflow. It was even possible to make a small one directly on a creek or small river that would just always turn, and belts were used to spin up the cogs. Those are all things that you couldn't do with the other ones. I wouldn't try to run a sawmill on it, though... hehheh.
What comes across strongly from viewing ‘Time Team’ over many years is the general good natured repartee that exists in interaction between the team’s members. Clearly they have their disagreements as their passion boils over from time to time, but overall they clearly have respect for each other’s contributions. The area most likely to cause disagreement appears to be that of geophysics and technical aides as opposed to that of the ‘trowel and spade’ technology. The like of Stewart and Phil who constantly disagree on the value of their expertise. ‘Off camera’ I suspect they voice their differences, but ‘On camera’ it’s good natured banter. Overall they appear to get on well.
You're so right, it's the playful banter & the great working relationships that makes me prefer Time Team to many others, and has done for MANY a year!👍🌈🇨🇦☘️⚜️
Cant wait for this to be released, something to watch in the bath on a Sunday afternoon.
Sunday afternoon. 6pm Time Team used to be on when I was a child, like many people my age into history we call ourselves the 'time team generation'!
Time Team and Antiques Roadshow make sundays. Blast from the past (pun intended)
@@kierluke2018 now I watch both programs on youtube any time I want to!
I'm always amazed at the knowledge and skill of the team and their ability to piece together bits of data to paint a picture of a site, in this case, a picture that spans over one thousand years. Bravo!
One of my favorites which is tricky because they were all so superbly done 👍
Love this one though it greatly saddens me that the building was destroyed along with so much history!
Agee, it's sad so much history was lost when they tore down the mill 💔
What a fantastic investigation by the whole team...... Brilliant. The one gripe..... Not about the Time Team - but who ever saw fit to pull the mill down !
There was not the market then for such property for conversion and they were often simply pulled down to save paying the rates - the UK Property Tax at that time.
Phil, Your determination took me right back to my favorite era, the medieval period. I thank you and the whole Time Team for illustrating how this area was perfect for a mill or should I say mills that cover 1000 years and is even listed in the Domesday Book. 🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟
I love this, my family through the ages where the millers of dotton mill. So quite emotional watching
Time team what a great success, a good percentage of the programmes I have watched over the years great team and great banter with all the team some of the original team have left us but left some great memories what a great series hope to see more of time team with new members xx
Great episode as usual guys and girls. Thank you for showing us this beautiful video.
Phil always impresses in his Daisy Duke’s. 😁
He certainly gives George Michael a run for his money!
Bridget got nothing on him this man is a thing of beauty.
Omg!! 😂 Funny enough, more than the daisy dukes, l love Phil cuz he's funny AND smart. The perfect guy to an old girl like me, lol!😉👍
Happy weekend!!🐾🌈🇨🇦☘️⚜️
He really does have a nice pair of legs.
I prefere Helen in her red shorts 🤗
One of the most interesting episodes I have had the pleasure of watching, thank you!
This show is so good. Thanks guys for some great entertainment.
In the Domesday book, a virgate, yardland, or yard of land was an English unit of land. Primarily a measure of tax assessment rather than area, the virgate was usually reckoned as ¹⁄₄ hide and notionally equal to 30 acres.
Thankyou for this very interesting information. I'm always looking up definitions of the terms that are used.
Gosh. Id call 30 acres a good sized piece.
awesome. you dig the most interesting sites. I volunteered on a couple of sites and it was the most exciting thing I've done. I love history but finding it is so thrilling. thanks for all your work. I look for ward for the next episode.
There was no mention but, was the domestic part of the building linked through a doorway to the mill proper? I would expect NOT. Many times I've seen where its stated that no naked flames can be within the flour mill as the dust can ignite. I'd assume then the miller would actually leave his 'home' and walk around to the mill part of the structure? This was a particularly interesting episode.
I've seen a few historical water mills and in all the ones I've seen the house and mill was attached. Lol weird right?
One mill, iteration after iteration. Great history!
I'm exhausted from all their digging. Wow. So enjoy all of these episodes. Our early families were so smart. Bless them.
The episodes where the team deals with stuff they're not familiar with are the best.
The 60s truly were a bizarre and dark time for British heritage. So many wonderful buildings, that later would have been given protected/listed status, were demolished and flimsy and often ugly buildings erected in their stead. That mill would never have been demolished if it had hung around another decade or so. That said, Britain’s covered in old mill buildings, with leets and mill ponds, so they’re not exactly rare.
it appears in the 60's with the likes of Sir John Betjeman/ St Pancras, that there was the start of the presevation of such buildings. I think after the war there was a rush to lets just knock it down, and maybe a disregard due to the damage during the war , and build horrid utilitarian buildings, but that in itself grew the call to preseve what was left.
Some things occur to me about this episode.
It should be pointed out the difference between grinding grain and milling. When you grind you have two stones in contact with grain being passed between the stones. This leads to pulverized stone being mixed into the product (meal or flour). This is important in examining dental wear as people who eat stone ground foods had increased wear of the tooth enamel. Willing, on the other hand uses stones which are precisely shaped and the stones never touch. A very fine adjustment of the clearance between the stones allows them to pulverize the grain with very little stone wear and little stone getting into the product.
The bottom of the wheel pit would have had erosion from the water flowing through it and would have had regular repair work done over it's life.
Floods would have likely have over-topped the regulator gate at some times in the life of the mill and the uncontrolled flow would have damaged the mill wheel and pit and that would have required major repairs from time to time.
18th and 19th century construction habits often used heavy oak timbers as the foundation for stone and masonry construction and those timbers buried deep under ground can survive for a surprisingly long time. I've seen 150 year old stone culverts built on 2 inch by 8 inch oak planks where the planks show in the bottom of the culvert under the water and they appear very solid.
French mill stones are considered the best and they developed a large industry and shipped them almost everywhere during the 19th century shipping them cheaply as ships ballast to their destination.
What a wonderful episode. Well done you lot.
Thanks
Great presenter Tony his enthusiasm shines through great all round a national treasure
This one is very interesting. So much history
As a point of interest, the wooden gear wheel cogs that were morticed into the cast gear would most likely have been made from hornbeam, a white hardwood that is in fact very hard indeed and perfect for such work.
+as with the waIking sticks?
@@arigatuxful Quite possibly. I have some in my workshop that I used for decoration on woodwinds in place of ivory. It turns beautifully.
I've read that apple tree wood was used and that mills often had an orchard. That way the miller got gear teeth, apples, cider and firewood.
Interesting. In the 70s I was in a windmill in the north of the Netherlands and all the gears were made of oak. Specifically oak from Poland as it was the hardest oak available. The sound inside the mill as the the sails turned was amazing, very deep low rhythmic noise that vibrated through your body. The wooden heart of the mill.
I really just like the self-existant joie de vivre of Stuart.
Great upload thanks for the proffessionalism of all the of the tt works. Phil will dig anywhere his spade lands, Tony never gets dirty and niomi gets to work in sespits. while mick tries solve the puzzle and explains it all to Tony
Well done Time Team , very entertaining programme
I'm from the area of Staffordshire where that pottery came from, so it was very nice it was found, representing a lost industry (and more besides) from its place of origin.
Ack, Phil diving into the concrete with a pickaxe and no eye protection 😅 Amazing and most interesting episode!
As a long time Time Team watcher i have come to the conclusion that there are two very different Phil's, and i'm afraid we have not got the smiling, laughing, engaging and happy one in this episode................
i just need the person closest to Tony Robinson right now to give him a big, strong hug - and tell him he is simply lovely.
This epersoid bring back history back to live from pages of history and the mist of time that we all on the jouney of life .
I find it an amazing act of vandalism, if the wheel pit was a safety hazard there was nothing to stop it simply being filled in. To demolish the whole mill, with the history that this place had, defies belief & matches the Victorian attitude toward old buildings that resulted in the loss of so many similar irreplaceable locations.
What a great episode. I know it was probably dangerously dilapidated, but it's sad that the last mill-house was demolished in the 1960s. When we saw the other, working, mill in Dotton, we saw the fascinating potential of a living museum.
I don't understand why they knocked it down, it appears the area was not reused and now adays that would have been restored either as a house our a working mill. I don't remember seeing this one before so well done.
Thanks so much for posting.
Love these reruns!
I love this show, it's so interesting
Thank you for bringing Team Team to YT! I love this show and have watched all the full episodes. I've noticed that there is some judder in most (all?) of the videos. I'm quite certain the show was originally produced at 25 frames per second, or possibly 50 interlaced. However YT has encoded it as 24 fps, which I believe results in the judder. If there is some way to fix this it would be greatly appreciated, so we can enjoy the beautiful English countryside in all its fluid-motion splendour. If not, we'll enjoy it anyway. Again, thank you!
Not a major problem in the scheme of things is it? These guys are trying to do more New Time Teams programmes and trying to be able to pay for and asking for contributions as they are no longer funded by television channels. Why don’t you go to Patreon and donate instead of moaning …
I found this all fascinating!
Wow, what an incredible and interesting story, pity the Mills aren't still like this
Loved this, as water mills have been an interest of mine for years. And TT has been a point of interest since its beginnings. However, some things rankled me about this particular programme…
To hear such a respected person as Mick Aston say, “..well, we don’t know much about water mills…” was astonishing. Of course we know about them.
They were so important socially, militarily and mechanically that they have been written about, described and studied since at least the Ancient Greek period. That’s why Willy the Conq required them to be accounted for in his Doomsday Book (written by Anglo-Saxons BTW, they had the skills for such documents, the Normans less so). And because water mills were still working into the period of “living memory” (witnessed by the local people interviewed here, and the fact that Tony visited a working mill in this programme) we are not dealing with ancient history which has been lost, this is “now” history.
Second -slightly lesser - rankling aspect was that this mill’s wheel was either an ‘improved high breast-shot’ wheel or a ‘ponclett-wheel’ (depending on what was on top of the water-feed directly before the wheel), but this was not given in the explanation of water-wheel types, though it makes Dotton mill very interesting.
Third rankle was the reasons given for using wooden cogs in the pit wheel. Wood (usually fruit wood - apple or pear for their hard-wearing qualities) was used for quieter running (stated in programme) and *ease of repair*. To say that 19th Century iron-casting was not straight enough for the wheels in a mill was a silly statement - it was straight enough for locomotive wheels, for goodness sake! Wooden cogs were easily replaced individually if one broke - a common occurrence if something like a tree branch jammed in the water wheel and stopped it turning. Quicker, easier and cheaper to carve a new cog and put it in the wheel rim than replace a whole cast pit-wheel. (There was evidence in the curved face of the brickwork in the water-wheel pit that there had been such jams in the life of this mill).
I feel the team got away with a less-than true picture of their subject here, and it was the poorer for such sub-standard presentation. Les
Can someone help me? I know that corn is obviously also milled but wheat is usually used in bread. Can't tell if the loaf Tony help up was wheat or corn flour. I don't remember seeing corn fields or wheat fields either. Guess it could be barley or oats. Just not sure why they keep saying corn. Thanks for helping me out.
Corn is the British word for grain in general
Corn = maize is an American usage. Elsewhere it could mean any kind of cereal.
@@lauralake7430 Thanks Laura. This is what I needed.
Thanks for sharing.
A great video. Thank you. Cheers everyone! 🇬🇧😊👍🇺🇸
I'm watching from all the way down under with my eldest daughter Amber and we are from Mount Gambier in the State Of South Australian.🥇🇦🇺🦘⚜️👑⚜️🏴🇬🇧
Confused about Mick's reference to corn (Zea mays) as corn only grown for around the last 200 years in UK and then not in a big way until fairly recently. Perhaps wheat?
what americans call corn is generally refered to as maize, while I think the words wheat and corn have been used interchangably in the UK.
@@SevCaswell Yes. Historically 'corn' was the name given to the main cereal crop of a region. In England, usually wheat, but could be maize, oats, barley.
From Merriam-Webster:
Definition of corn (Entry 1 of 3)
3 British : the grain of a cereal grass that is the primary crop of a region (such as wheat in Britain and oats in Scotland and Ireland)
Ever heard of John Barleycorn?
What year did they dig the leet?
1337
It is sad that such a old site could not survive . A thousand years of different mills on the same site milling flour . That would translate into about 50 generations people receiving flour to make their daily bread from there . That would have touched peoples life more than a church , castle or abbey .
We don't need as many mills anymore, and we can't keep all of them around just to look at. A modern mill replaces hundreds if not thousands of smaller mills.
Lots of comments talking about how corn wasn't in Britain not checking that the meaning of the word is what they assume. Corn is just a generic term for a grain. Just a quick google search would fix the misunderstanding.
"The sense of the Old English word was "grain with the seed still in" (as in barleycorn) rather than a particular plant. Locally understood to denote the leading crop of a district. It has been restricted to the indigenous "maize" in America (c. 1600, originally Indian corn, but the adjective was dropped), usually "wheat" in England, "oats" in Scotland and Ireland, while Korn means "rye" in parts of Germany."
I just stumbled across this show and I truly love it, but when you roll around to day 3 You always leave it with more questions than answers. I really wish you can expect expand your days of digging or do a 2 part show. At least that will give you 6 days of gathering good information.
My other question, what happens when you leave? Do you actually cover up the site or does someone else continue working on what you started?
Sadly TT ended in 2014. They worked it on a 3 day dig so they could work Monday to Friday. Monday would be setting up all the TV kit and getting everyone on site and Friday was filling in all the trenches and packing up (not anything interesting to film).
Good news though, there should be a few new episodes filmed soon.
Any time you hear Phil say "Stone the crows!" [23:21] you know you have something really special...
Tony's daily grind!
That's... that's literally where that phrase comes from.
I have to ask this again. Why was it knocked down? It is interesting that everyone just takes it at face value that it was knocked down but no one shows any curiosity as to why such a valuable artifact was knocked down, seemingly for no reason at all. They would not need to excavate anything if the damn thing was left alone.
As the site has not been developed, presumably the building was derelict and considered uneconomical to repair. Sadly, in the post-war period Britain lost a lot of historic buildings and underground archaeological remains in the quest to modernise.
I’m lucky enough to live over the river in sidmouth.
Thanks for the good show.
Not clearly visible, but the pit wheel has a 45 degree tilted surface in which the holes for the wooden cogs are made. The other wheel was probably 100% cast iron, but with a similar tilded surface, mounted on a vertical axle. The animation on 44:00 shows a different set of wheels, not common for a mill. It would be fantastic if parts of this mill could be restored and made available to the public. Bit of a sad story that after 1000 years of milling only some obscure ruins are left.
So, there was this mill building, and a little creek diversion to drive the water ... and then what happened? How did it get covered with so much dirt and lost?
It must have been intentionally buried - probably for reasons of safety and to allow the field to be put to agricultural use more easily, perhaps?
Thank you ❤
Tremendous trenches in this one, and so much to learn about mills!
Tell me something about mills here in the Netherlands, haha. Good episode to see how the early UK have done that.
Some of my ancestors owned water paper mills in the town of Heerde, Netherlands..., even until into the 19th century.
I guess there must have been a lock at the river Otter to regulate the waterflow. The choice for wooden cogs is also based on the wear and tear of the mill gears. If wooden cogs run together with iron cogs, the wooden ones will erode away after some years, but the iron ones will not. So the maintenance is an easy job. Replacing a cast iron gear is close to a nightmare and cannot be done by the miller himself. In Dutch mills, these wooden cogs are often made of boxwood imported from the Mediterranean and greased with beewax. I did not catch where this first piece of cast Iron frame served for which was discovered by Phil Harding.
This show always brings me back down to earth was a bit sad to see slaves in the book do 27:23
Slavery has been a part of human history since the beginning. It is well known that the Romans practised it but it was also common amongst the Vikings, and when the Europeans began buying slaves in Africa they were buying them from established merchants that had been buying and selling africans for centuries. Then there were the Barbary Pirates who kidnapped white europeans to sell in africa and the middle east. So the History of Humanity is the History of Slavery.
@@SevCaswell well written👍🏻 especially about the slave trade in the middle East that people always ignore
That slave was possibly freed, shortly after the writing of Domesday william the conqueror banned the slave trade and freed about 25% of slaves in England
Very, very cool!
So many questions: Do they fill the dirt back into the sites when the finish? Do they always go to places where they know they will make a find?
yes and yes
I was told they leave the pits open and many locals have been injured.
@@larryzigler6812 And where did you hear that exactly?
@@johnmoss6631 Sitting in my chair.
Yes, they fill in (unless there's an ongoing archaeological project they're temporarily helping out with or other specific reason why they wouldn't).
And they always went to places where they *believed* they would find something. There were a couple of occasions where they were wrong or very nearly so, however. (Also, some episodes where they found stuff, but it wasn't even nearly what they thought they'd find. "A Neolithic Cathedral" - on this channel, th-cam.com/video/1NvMGhtq30E/w-d-xo.html - is a good example of this, where they went looking for Roman and found prehistoric.)
Leat, that brings back memory of walking at Dartmoor ages ago.
My neighbour's house used to have a mill, the wheel pit still there, but the wheel and machinery now gone. The same stream that once drove his mill also drove a sawmill that lies on my property. The saw pit still resides in the stream, the circular saw blades are in my garden.
Nice to see this . Mick was a great guy rip
The bread looked good!
So we have a Dot Mill in South Central Missouri. I wander if it is part of the same family?
I have grown up in the true heartland of the US. Grains, potatoes, sugar beets, ect... Until we throw the big how do you do..our State (employee) run grain mill. This is something great to watch.
what happens to the dig after the 3 days? does anyone continue to finish the dig?
The 1960's has got a lot to answer for
So much got destroyed in the name of "progress"
The 60's was a bad period for preserving things like buildings, demolition was rife, no one seemed to care somuch about presevation ,ive seen it myself at the time, probably today that building may have been preserved, one good thing about today!
We came for the dig...we stayed for the GEO PHYS!!!!!
That's funny, I've watched two mill videos from Time Team in the last week, and both included a hunt for mills they did not find.
I like the idea of having flour locally grown, produced and baked.
I'm happy to see that you accomplished something. What happens when you are done does the work still continue or is it stopped. You are much more interesting than EXPOSITION UNKNOWN. They never accomplish anything.
''In a a pony and trap'''.. How far we have come in one generation or not
You gotta love Phil. Eager to get his hands dirty and to hell with the rules...
Loved this episode! But I sure hope you are getting your due from the pop-up ads....there were at least 8 during this episode....pretty annoying.
Could the red “millstone” be a grindstone to re-grind / flatten out a quality millstone?