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@KHABIB ** TIME How can you glorify a child raping murder who killed the people teaching his religion then twisted it so he could be a child raping murder with god backing him up? If you think his god is god you are wrong he serves the fallen ones. Pure evil. Talking about Muhammad not Islam the same way many Christian's have twisted the bible to do evil in the name of God...
The Easten Roman Empire didn't influence only the people of the Eastern Europe. Influenced the Western Europe as well. For example Princess Theophanu, niece of the Emperor John I Tzimiskes, was married to the Otto II, the German Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and she had an important cultural impact to the development of the german culture. Later, during the Paleologian Rennaisance many Byzantine intellectuals like Emmanuel Chrysoloras, Bessarion of Trabizond, and Georgios Gemistos Plethon, they contributed to the Italian Rennaisance. And finally let's not forget that the Eastern Roman Empire had an important cultural impact to the Arabic Muslim world as well. For example one of the students of the great Leo the Mathematician introduced the Eyclidian Geometry to the Arabs in 820 AD.
The Palaiologoi also inherited the Dutchy of Montferrat in Italy and ruled it for over a century wich must have had significant influence on the region to
Not only,the great library of Baghdad was full of Greek copies of literatureat the request of the caliph himself.When the Mongols sacked the 2nd most important western(having China in the map) city(Baghdad), Euphrates became black from the books that were thrown,blind in their rage the Mongols could not understand that the library they destroyed was the reason of the greatness of the very city they sacked.
The Eastern Roman Empire and the Roman Catholic church spreading their religion reminds me of the U.S. and Soviet Union exporting their culture after World War 2.
A small clarification. Mt. Athos still IS a monastic state. It is under the influence of all the orthodox churches and that reflects in the composition of the monasteries. There are church of Serbia monasteries, church of Russia monasteries and monasteries under the influence of the orthodox patriarch in Istanbul. Although it is considered a part of Greece (or more accurate the Hellenic Republic) it is a self governed state, where you can enter only under special "visa" and if you are male. There are no female monasteries and unless i missed something, for the past 800 years, not a single woman has passed the borders to Athos.
There were a few occasions when women entered. Serbian Tsar Dušan brought his wife there during the Black Death, but it is said she never stepped foot on the ground and was carried the whole time. Also, in newer times, there are cases when women entered, mostly by accident I believe.
I am from Thessaloniki and everyday during my morning ride to Uni , i see the Kyrilos and Methodios cathedral . Magnificent building for two important scolars of European culture .
Until you guys popped up with your glorious channel, I hadn't really looked much at Byzantium and the Ottomans, and really that whole area at all. But my god is there a lot of very interesting history there. Thanks a bunch you guys!
@@theempirewasright7673 i think because the bizantine were the (eastern) roman empire, and all of the bizantium came from hre emperors , and with that we should call them the easter roman empire than bizantine
@@theempirewasright7673 Name of Byzantine Empire is just a fictitious name, who fabricated by the mostly German historians to give the legitimacy to their German peasant mess that called Holy Roman Empire. The Empire never call himself Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire . The Empire was known to its inhabitants as the Roman Empire or Empire of the Romans.The inhabitants called themselves Roman.
The religious mission that the Byzantines sent to China was for me the best example of their cunning. They sent monks to not only spread Christianity to China, but they also stole silk worms from China so that the Byzantines can create their own silk industry. They stored the silk worms in hollow staffs. Simply brilliant.
A sponsor which promote the Turkish language and call the Constantinople as Istanbul in a video about the Eastern Roman Empire. This is sacrilegious! :D
Thank you so much for this video. Some time ago I requested a video about St. Cyril and St. Methodius. I appreciate that this channel listens to their fans. I would love to see more about Georgia, Armenia, and Bulgaria; or about Eastern Roman influence in Southern Italy.
Like the Bulgars the Pannonian Avars also assimilated not into the Roman but Slavic populations. The evolution of modern nationalities would've been much different had the Romans reversed the situation to their benefit
The Roman idea is mainly the state and its laws,not nationality.It is sad to say but the promotion of hellenic language was necessary as the non Greek population proved to be untrustworthy,still the progress was slow and mainly close to the borders.The Bulgarians escaped hellenization by luck,their nobility fell into its knees to recognize Basil II as the sole world emperor and plea not to erase Bulgarian culture in exchange for future stability that they guaranteed through their loyalty to Constantinople.
@@1Guy12 yea sure, but there is Bulgaria today, and there is no such thing as Roman empire. As there was no such thing as greek... whatever for almost 2000 years from 146 till 1821 on the balkans. Almost 2000 years of irrelevance :). Have fun with your fantasy and drugs man.
Fun fact: in 14th century Bulgarian city of Tarnovo claimed to be the Third Rome, based on its cultural links with Byzanium, while Kyiv claimed to be the second Jerusalem.
This actually was during the 13th century, when constantinople fell under the western crusades and the latin empire was established... The second bulgarian empire was at its peak under the leadership of the Asen dynasty and the rule of Kaloyan and Ivan Asen 2nd... So naturally during those times Veliko Turnovo (Great Turnovo) was the prime eastern orthodox capital city and was rightfully regarded as the leader of the orthodox world thus ''third Rome''
I've been waiting for this video for 4 years now! You are the only history channel which does include Bulgaria and doesn't forget its very important role in the world history! Thank you!
I didn't previously know that the Cyrillic script was developed in Bulgaria. I assumed it was developed in Moscow or Kyiv. I did recently visit the Maryhill Museum in Washington State, which has a tremendous collection of Bulgarian Ecclesiastical Art.
“For we are Hellenes by race and Romans by polity, which means that we are both the heirs of the Greek wisdom and the upholders of Roman law”. George Gemistos Plethon. prominent Byzantine philosopher and scholar of the late 14th century.
I have to say this is one of the best channels on TH-cam hands down. Seriously, if you release a steel book documentary series on dvd or blu ray I will 100% buy it. Honestly. Do it
These were not Greeks. These were Romans of the medieval Roman Emprie. The eastern Roman Empire was the direct continuation of the Roman Empire, using Latin and Greek as its main administrative tongues. Its citizenry also had very diverse ethnic roots. They were Romans though, not Greeks as in ancient times (or even modern time Greeks, who are not Romans any longer in identity). Their culture was the new evolution of Roman culture. Naturally, this medieval Roman culture changed and took a different course than ancient Rome, incorporating many Mediterranean cultural facets which were not a part of the original ancient Roman culture. Nonetheless, it was the Romans and all that they had inherited during their long-lived ancient imperium.
@Panagiotis Giannopoulos I am writing to you in English. Does this mean that I am an Englishman? English is to us as Greek and Latin was to Roman citizens. Eastern Romans wielded the Greek language as an international tool just like we use English today. Many eastern Romans came from Anatolia, Syria, upper Balkans, Spain, Italy and other areas which were not traditionally Greek lands. A lot of eastern Romans, like 90% of them did not even have Greek descent. They spoke Greek just because it was the officially accepted language of the Romans. Period, they were Greek-speaking Romans, not Greeks.
@@ΡωμαϊκόνΠύρ Your very username is greek and not only that...it literally translates to ''Greek Fire'' which was used in the Byzantine Empire. Hellenes is literally today's (and all time's) pronounication of the Greek/Hellenic word for, you guessed it, ''Greeks''. They were calling themeselves ''Romioi'' (Romans) at the time since they were the continuation of the Roman empire. Even as far as here in Cyprus we have old documentation of poems and texts that refer to the Greeks as Romioi. I have no idea where you found your sources from but are extremely weak and vile.
@@dimitrispvoice133 Please learn my language before you butcher it. My username is "Rhomaeicon Pyr", meaning Roman Fire. Not Greek fire, which in Greek is Graecicon and Hellenicon Pyr. There was also never a "Byzantine" Empire. Only the Roman Empire. They were calling themselves Rhomaeoi because they were Romans. Not Greeks. Simple as that, end of story. Read the eastern Roman texts. There are literally tens of thousands of references to ethnic Romans. The terms "Graikos" and "Hellene" were attached to a Greek past which was undesired. Because the medieval Romans were the Roman people, not the Greek people. As far as my sources, the eastern Roman texts themselves. Try reading them so that you can learn something.
You have no clue what % of Romans in the East had Greek descent - whatever that even means - and nor does anyone else. This figure you drew straight up your ass. Their native language was Greek not because it was the officially accepted language or whatever BS you made up. It's the other way around, the people at large spoke Greek and the Empire had to go along with it and gradually Hellenise everything from the language of the admiration which used to be Latin to the language of the army which was even post-Hellenisation full of Latin terms.
@@hachibidelta4237 The inheritors of this state, modern Greeks we use nowadays the more attic "Byzantion" which was used then for the city. So if the inheritors use this term i do not see where the problem is. There are more Byzantine flags in Greek schools and public places than modern Greek ones. Fun fact, the janitor of my building is named Palaiologos.
@@hachibidelta4237 Go and tell this to the Maniots and other people all around the Greek territory. Tell them that they are not Romans. I am curious how you will be treated by the angry mob. I remember in a vacation the hotel owner took me to the basement and showed me a carved double eagle dated before 1204. His family hid it from the Latins and then from the Turks. I am sorry it is cruel but we consider ourselves Byzantines. There are pills to help you digest that.
@@hachibidelta4237 Your first statement is right. Yes Greece as a state is not successor to Rome, but it is consisted by people who are,. You do not know well the greek social reality and it is normal. Greece is divided between Hellenists and Romanists. This is depicted in politics also. Hellenists are more pro European and pro western . Romanists are more pro Russian and Church fanatics.
@@hachibidelta4237 In reality Greece is still trying to settle the 1204 debris. 1204 created a Hellenic movement into the Empire led by the Laskaris family and the scholars who made the Byzantine classical renaissance. So modern Greeks are what Roman Hellenic restoration of 1204 did to the imperial identity. Romans with Ancient greek roots.
Another superb production, I don't even know how you always manage to squeeze so much information of a thousand year old empire in such short videos...you never cease to amaze me..
hey, thanks for the amazing video! there is a lot more to tell about tsar Simeon the great of Bulgaria, maybe you could do a separate video about him as well, especially the economic war he fought with eastern rome is a very interesting topic
The Romans conquered the Greeks and made them believe fervently that they are Romans. "Greeks" were self-identifying themselves as ethnic Romans until 1821. Eastern Romans continued Roman entertainment, policies, institutions, history. More importantly, Roman worldview was maintained long after Rome itself had fallen to Germanics.
And despite that we were still more successful at being romans than the romans themselves… Oh and the most successful dynasty was nicknamed “the Macedonian”. 🤣🤣🤣🤣 ✌️🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷
The famous crest of Hungary with the crown with the tilted Cross is actually a Byzantine crown! The “Holy Crown of Hungary” was made in Constantinople and the Emperor sent it to the first Orthodox Christian King of Hungary. That’s why the inscriptions on the crown are all in Hellenic! Mt. Athos is a monastic state to this day. There are some Serbian and Russian churches as well. Mt. Athos has a different hour and date from the rest of Hellas🇬🇷 They follow the Byzantine Time cloak even after the fall of Constantinople and they have a different calendar. I think they are 13 days behind our calendar!
@Istvan Fehér Byzantines tried to converted people to Orthodoxy. We converted all the Slavs (Rus, Serbs, Bulgarians… etc) The Romanians, Armenians, Georgians etc They attempted to convert people in Europe too. I don’t say Hungarians are Orthodox but the Crown of the Hungarian Emperor was a gift from the Orthodox Emperors from Constantinople!
As a Slovak I am really glad you are talking about what we consider a part of our history, but please also try to make the borders more precise. Great Moriavia and Hungary were really off when it comes to the Carpathian Mountains. Anyway great video and once again thank you!
The Qur'an includes the Surat Ar-Rum, the sura dealing with "the Romans", sometimes translated as "The Byzantines," reflecting a term now used in the West. These Romans of the 7th century, referred to as Byzantines in modern Western scholarship, were the inhabitants of the surviving Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. Since all ethnic groups within the Roman empire had been granted citizenship by 212 AD, these eastern peoples had come to label themselves Ρωμιοί or Ῥωμαῖοι Romaioi (Romans), using the word for Roman citizen in the eastern lingua franca of Koine Greek. This citizenship label became "Rûm" in Arabic. The Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire traced its origin as an institution to the foundation of Constantinople as the new capital of the Roman Empire in 330 by Constantine the Great. The Byzantine Empire survived the 5th century, when the Western Roman Empire fell, more or less intact and its populace continually maintained that they were Romaioi (Romans), not Hellenes (Greeks), even as the empire's borders gradually became reduced to in the end only encompassing Greek-speaking lands.
@@tomsmith4542 Learn history. In the eastern Roman sources, Rhomaioi are treated differently from Hellenes. Hellenes were an ancient ethnic group that did not exist any more (source Constantine VII). Furthermore, the term Byzantine was never used as an ethnonym or even nationality by the medieval or even classical Romans. They were used the terms Romani (Latin) and Romaeoi (Greek), which both mean Roman.
@@ΡωμαϊκόνΠύρ Your very username is greek and not only that...it literally translates to ''Greek Fire'' which was used in the Byzantine Empire. Hellenes is literally today's (and all time's) pronounication of the Greek/Hellenic word for, you guessed it, ''Greeks''. They were calling themeselves ''Romioi'' (Romans) at the time since they were the continuation of the Roman empire. Even as far as here in Cyprus we have old documentation of poems and texts that refer to the Greeks as Romioi. I have no idea where you found your sources from but are extremely weak and vile.
@@hachibidelta4237 The ''west'' has nothing to do with what the Byzantines were calling it, ''υγρό πύρ'' which translates to ''liquid fire'' for you foreigners. The west called it ''greek fire'' because it was actually made by the byzantine greeks. What is the arguement here? Why to even try to argue with historical facts? Are you a Turk bot? That can be the only explanation.
As a person from Czechia 🇨🇿 i like how you actually say Moravia and Bohemia and not only bohemia beacuse all lands that create: lands of the bohemian crown was : Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia (mainly) , And they are still historical regions 👍 It would be also very wholesome to make something about western Slavs like Czechs and Polaks, beacuse many people don't know about us 😅👍
@@holextv5595 Joke on the side. I often feel sorry when I talk to people and realize how little we know about each other and we have so many similar customs, names and other parts of culture. Regardless of the Orthodox faith to which I belong or Catholicism. We should all learn a little more about each other together. 😊
One of the examples from the history of our relations. At the beginning of the Great War, when Austria attacked Serbia (battle on Mount Cer in 1914), Czech and Slovak soldiers refused the command. They did not want to "shoot at the brothers". We remember it here to this day. 😊
this is another example of that the bulgarian and byzantine(greek) history of medieval ages are so linked. you cannot speak about byzantine history without mentioning bulgaria or the reverse. these two empires were the two pillars of medieval eastern europe.
@@tylerellis9097 yep, but caliphate is not in EE, normans are late and for short, turks are the successors of Byz. HRE? how often do you read something about HRE and BE , and its not about religion? HRE is out of that cathegory. HRE is linked with western culture more often :)
@@danielkolev9270 All the time from the 8th to 12th century. The Byzantines had numerous interactions with Charlemagne’s Empire and Ottos for 400 years. • Byzantines supported Lombard claimant against them in the late 700s • the Pope crowned Charlemagne successor to Byzantine Emperor Constantine VI • Irene proposed marrying Charlemagne • soon after the Empires had a war over Venice and Dalmatia in the 800s-810s and a treaty where they recognized Charlemagne as Emperor of the Franks. • maintained relations with Louis in Francia and his successor in the Kingdom of Italy during the 800s • attempted joint attack between the 2 on Muslim bari in 872 and joint attack on Muslim Fraxentium in 940 • Went to War with Otto in Italy during the 900s and the Emperor married his niece to his son. • went to war with Otto II • Otto III was raised with Byzantine customs and Spoke Greek, was about to Marry Basil IIs( bulgar slayers) niece before he died. • more Italian wars in the 1000s • multiple alliances against the Normans in the 1100s • Manuel Komnenos married the HRE Emperors daughter in-law. • Fredrick Barbarossa led an army that threatened Constantinople into the Empire during the 3rd crusade. After the 4th crusade they stopped having direct relations. I’ll admit Bulgaria has the most consistent interaction with the Byzantines of the ones mentioned but they were also always in direct competition with and right next to them unlike others the except the Turks.
@@tylerellis9097 didnt expect a history lesson, but ok. Your topic is like the history between Scandinavian kingdoms and Spanish empire. Yes they interect, yes they have influences and etc , but in byizantine history you may find much more bulgarian interecation, battle for crowns and territories and influences than , for example serbian, french, spanish or HRE :) So the BE has interected with every major party in Europe and around. The example is not the same. But ok :) Dont have time nevertheless
@@danielkolev9270 Byzantium and Bulgaria literally only fought each other in the Balkans. Byzantium and HRE fought each other in Italy Seljuks and Byzantines fought each other in Anatolia/Armenia How is Bulgaria any different. Bulgaria never even touched the Byzantine core like the Seljuks did and weren’t the only ones to fail a siege of Constantinople Your example makes no sense, Spain and Sweden/ Denmark didn’t have marriage, wars or military alliances with each other.
Imagine a what if series where the Bulgars and Rus were truly assimilated into the byzantine empire, if the orthodox or Catholics weren't so stubborn, if the sacking of Constantinople by the crusaders never happened, how different the middle east today would look.
The middle east or at least Anatolia and the Levant would probably be orthodox. The Seljuk Turks would've probably settled in modern day Kurdistan, Iraq and Iran. Not that bad really, at least less women would dress like ninjas and won't get stoned
It is possible to assimilate into any empire only a people numerically smaller than the fundamental imperial people, this is not an obvious fact, no matter who conquered China, the elite of the conquerors eventually always assimilated among the Chinese and became Chinese, so what you write is nonsense
First, I am happy to wake up and see a new video about the Eastern Roman Empire. Second, I am also happy to see that ever more people are calling it Roman and not Byzantine as the Frankish imperialists wanted us. We look forwards to more Eastern Roman videos, thanks
Dear authors, it wasn't emperor Manuel III at 5:04, it was Michael III. Manuel III ruled the Trebizond Empire from 1390 to 1417, while Michael III ruled the whole of Byzantine Empire from 842 to 867 Btw thanks for your channel, it’s amazing!
The Byzantine's are an exceedingly interesting people to study. And this was another facet to wonder about. Great video. My compliments to all those who made this video a reality.
Where do you see Greece here, brother? This was the Empire of the Romans that once ruled from Spain to Syria around Justinian the so called "Great". Greece was not the East Roman empire
It doesn’t change the core elements & the identity of the empire whether you call it Eastern Roman or Byzantine, mate. However, the legacy of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire is undoubtedly Greek. Greeks have been the predominant ethnic group in the East, from the very beginning. A continuous heritage of millenniums in Asia Minor, until the early 20th century and the “Greek Genocide”. The term Roman did not determine national identity or ancestry at the time, but citizenship. Roman Emperor Caracalla issued the Antonine Constitution (early 3rd century AD), which granted Roman citizenship to all free men throughout the Roman Empire. A Roman citizen could of Greek, of Serbian, of Bulgarian, of Armenian, of Georgian heritage etc. However, the majority of the Byzantines (Eastern Roman citizens), native for centuries in the region of Asia Minor long before the Roman Empire emerged, were of ethnic Greek background. The population in the East retained their pre-existing Hellenic culture and identity. They never vanished from their native lands. That is why Historians made the accurate distinction between the Latin West and the Greek East. Their Roman citizenship had nothing to do with their distinct heritage. An English doesn't stop being English (ethnic identity) because he is British (political identity) and a medieval Greek wasn't any less Greek (ethnic identity) because he was a Roman citizen (political identity). Their citizenship, didn't contradict in any way their distinct ethnic Greek ancestry, determined by race. The testimony of the Greek Byzantine Empire is evident to this very day in all Byzantine Churches and monuments across the region (almost half of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in modern day Turkey are of Ancient Greek and Byzantine origin).
Another excellent vid, K&G. Thanks for shining a light on the edge of a known subject. That's why K&G is different than others, fleshing out subjects. Outstanding job, again.
I read that the great ERE General Georgios Maniakes will appear in Season 3 of Netflix's Vikings Valhalla series, since he was the warrior companion of Harald Sigourdsson, when the later served as Captain of the Varangian Guard. I' m curious to see how this will be played, since this must be the first time that the ERE will be introduced in a Western media production.
@Hachibi Delta Indeed you are right. In this series appeared Euphemius, the ERE general who opened the "gates" of Sicily to the Arab conquest. But this episode was such a poor attempt to introduce ERE. They didn't even know how an ERE soldier looked like.
Kings and Generals out here asking the important questions I never thought of but definitely wanted answered. Can ya'll perhaps make a video about how Greek culture came to dominate inside the Eastern Empire?
@@dnkal2875 Some corrections: 1. Byzantium refers to a Hellenic city-state, which would later become Constantinople and not the Byzantine Empire. 2. Alexander's successors introduced the ideas of Hellenic philosophy to the Middle East but Greek language or way-of-life did not become the lingua franca of the region. This is substantiated by for example Egypt: Ptolemy did not convert the culture or even religion of Egypt to Greek. All of the successor dynasties converted to local culture to blend in. _________________________________ What I meant was I wanted a video on how it came to be most of the Byzantine East were permeated by Greek culture and language
Because of its treacherous diplomacy, military aggression and meddling in our internal affairs, the common Bulgarian's idea of Byzantium is overly negative. Yet in periods of peace so many good things happened. For example captured Byzantines helped Bulgaria develop Preslav and other cities into jewels of architecture and arts.
Also Byzantine empire literally created Bulgarian nation. After 1018, when Basil II Porphyrogenitus nicknamed the Bulgar Slayer conquered Bulgarian empire, the entire population of the conquered area were simply called Bulgarians. And they kept the name. Before that they were initialized with their Slavic tribes, and there were some Bulgarian minority, mostly aristocracy.
@@nick3175 Minority sure but not a horde of 50k people. Likely hundreds of thousands. No east Rome did not create Bulgaria with its naming towards the region. Doesnt make sense that they would call the regions such. I know there was Thrace, Moesia, Macedonia etc. By 1018 Bulgaria had been in the region for 340 years give or take. Earlier migrations also happent for sure.
@@ivokantarski6220 What he meant to say is that every "Slav" inside the empire became "Bulgarian", including in cities that were never actually controlled by Bulgaria.
@@ivokantarski6220 See, you do not get it. Many people claim some ancient origin of their nations. This is nonsense. Nations are relatively modern thing. They did not exist before XVIII century. Still nationalism lays on older foundations. About Bulgarians, these foundations are the language and the name. Most people in First Bulgarian empire did not call themselves Bulgarians, and they did not speak Bulgarian, but in the late years of the empire used Cyrillic alphabet. Under the rule of Byzantium the majority of the Bulgarian aristocracy were assimilated. But the majority of the population were called by the authorities Bulgarians and kept using the Cyrillic alphabet that unified their language. The founders of the Second Bulgarian empire were not Bulgarians. But they used the Bulgarian heritage - Bulgaria was internationally recognized, and the Bulgarian population, separated and unified under the Byzantium rule. Before 1018 there were Slavic tribes ruled by Bulgarian aristocracy. After that, there was formed, under the pressure of Byzantium, a Bulgarian population.
Many people here could be offended but im gonna say it, you can see the effects of byzantine cultural influence in the ottoman legal and cultural system. Steppe peoples were famous for adopting and blending with the culture of the geography they conquered and Turks were no exception. You can see it in the grandiosity of ottoman palaces and royal life which influenced by persian and byzantine culture, you can see it from the codified law system, you can see it from the adopted army tactics and so on. I am a Turk and I find this literally fascinating!
I think this is a fair assessment. In their initial decades the Ottomans were dynamic in part thanks to the ideas and practices introduced to them by Byzantine converts to Islam. The Ottoman state was both the destruction and the continuation of the Byzantine one.
Thanks for the neverending lessons in history, love your channel. One thing i will note is calling Tomislav of Croatia a prince is a really weird one. He bore the title of duke (knez, kniaz/knyaz) and later king. Although it is shrouded in mystery who crowned him or where (was it the pope, pope's representative or he did it himself), there are preserved documents in which pope adresses him as king of Croats. Also Tomislav's successors bore the title of kings, not dukes or princes. Its actually the first and only time i ever heard that Croatian rulers before or after personal union with Hungary were called princes. Cheers.
oh man i think i get it now. a byzantine emperor would call him archon (prince?) until he himself crowned him or the pope did? edit; p.s. found the sources of prince title later on, seems like Venetians did this alot
@@ninokarazovic9131 Mislim da se radi čisto problemima u prijevodu. Primjetio sam da se na engleskom govornom području titula "prince" često koristi za bilo kojeg poglavara kojeg se ne smatra dovoljno prestižnim da bi mu se priznala titula kralja- dakle ono što bi nazvali knezom, ili možda čak banom. Za nas je princ samo onaj koji je u naslijednom redu za kraljevo prijestolje, ali englezima princ može biti i jedno i drugo.
@Kings and Generals There is a mistake in your video regarding Serbia. Saint Sava did not finish Christianization of the country, as Serbs were Christians by that point. Instead he directed our course towards east and Orthodoxy, since many Serbs in coastal lands were Catholics at the time. Second thing is a suggestion. But can you please make more effort in your maps in some of your videos like this one? There are many mapping videos where you can take a note. I hope you take this as a good natured criticism, since I enjoy your videos, especially the Roman ones.
Great video as almost always.Still what are the sources of a multicultural Thessaloniki and the existence of Slavs inside its walls during the byzantine period?I am not aware of any.
That is the area emperor Heraclius offered for Serbs to settle first. But it was too hot so we went north, some tribes stayed. Plus Thessaloniki was a very important centre of trade.
@@Sendo664 as the Thessaloniki was the target of many slavobulgaric attacks it makes no sense that the city has any Slavic inhabitants at all.It would endagered its safety and there are any source of any kind showing Slavs inside the city.
Slavs lived outside of the walls of Thessaloniki. In the area of Mihaniona, Kalochori in small villages and they were very poor. Even when Ottomans took the city of Thessaloniki for almost 500 years the city had more Greeks, Jews and Turks and less Slavs. The reason is because they were poor they couldn't afford to live inside Thessaloniki.
@@talknight2I meant the video is discrediting genuine conversion. Sure some was probaly for political reasons but the majority were probaly genuine bu the evidence of their actions and the risk they take by converting
Ah, yeah, both kings & generals and history marche simultaneously covering about the Byzantine topic. That is pleasure thing for me. Thanks for your video👌 and good job 👏👏
I would love for you to do a video on Olga of Kiev , She was the first Christian queen of Russia and the story of how she avenged her husband is incredible!
We need a video about Byzantine empire which explains if it was a greek empire a latin empire ... And why This would be very interesting and whould solve the confusion being made on this topic
@@nikos_para2329 In my years of Byzantine study, the dispute comes from 2 concerns • the multiple Non Greek Emperors ,Generals, bureaucrats and families. • the debate of Greek vs Roman identity
I can answer that one for you haha, not quickly though hahahahahah. there was no such thing as the Byzantine Empire, Byzantium was a historically Greek but rebuilt Roman town/city when the aria was annexed and became part of the Roman Empire. Then when the Roman Empire split between East and West, Emperor Constantine was looking for a place to build the Capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, he chose Byzantium renaming it Nova Rome(New Rome) but that didnt stick with the people of the City instead becoming Constantinople(City of Constantine) The People of the Eastern Roman Empire were Roman, end of. Greece didn't exist and neither did the greeks, if they referred to themselves as anything other that Roman, it would have been for their city eg Athenian or culturally as a Hellen but only secondarily to being roman. Latin was the State and Religious language spoken at Court and in Ceremony but Greek was the common tongue used more widely in the East, Ancient Rome was historically a multi lingual Empire. The real question is why do we call it the Byzantine empire, when if you went back in time even just a few days before the Ottomans took up residence and asked any person on the street are you roman or byzantine? they would look at you like you are stupid and tell you they're Roman and very likely they'd have no clue what a byzantine even was. The term Byzantine Empire first appeared 104 years after the Eastern Roman Empire fell to the Ottomans and was coined by a German Historian basically to disassociate the Eastern empire with the word Rome all to give power to the German Holy Roman Empire which was not Roman at all. Calling the Eastern Roman Empire the Byzantine Empire is actually kind of derogatory, and Historically inaccurate.
@@danielkelly8870 i think it regarded a greek empire because the east of the original roman empire was influenced by greeks and the west influenced by latins so i guess it was greek
If someone wants to learn turkish in order to see the monuments of the Eastern Roman empire he would be really surprised when he would try to read the inscriptions on the monuments and the Othodox Churches.
Visit Turkey (or Turkiye whatever) to see Byzantine landmarks? No thank you. I am not going to pay a country that was and is still performing genocide of various kinds and never admits to it. They are just lucky that they can produce the famed Bayraktars for now.
Omg! "still performing genocide"!! In which world you are living. If you are talking about the past, Turkey is always open to create a historian team with other nations to investigate the history. Unfortunately, some countries prefer to use it politically instead of investigating. And you say "still performing". kidding?. Which evidence you have? Please, share something. or learn the terminology of genocide or see a psychologist.
Then: Constantinople or Miklagard, a city with prestige and supremacy. A divine paradise on Earth, the self-proclaimed "City", the center of the Orthodox Christian World, the center of the Greek-speaking world, and one of the centers of the West-East world. Now: Istanbul, a mere fraction of its former reputation reduced to a city-hive for the Turkish population majority, a shell of its former self, a Western-oriented city (rather than being one of the centers of the West-East world), a shithole for Turkish politics, and the mark of the historical and cultural legacy left behind by the Byzantines/Romans for visitors and tourists to see.
@@the3zoooz1 In physical appearance that reflects the legacy left by those who passed it. Within the city, it is just a massive hive for Turks and a puppet for Turkish politics. The conversion of Hagia Sophia into a mosque is an example. Not only screams the fact that it was once an Orthodox church, but also destroys Mustafa Kemal's legacy, who commissioned it as a museum in the first place.
@@the3zoooz1 the modern day turks inherited a city whose value they don't understand or fully appreciate. It's like pearls placed before pigs .The pigs will simply trample the pearls not realizing their value .the city today is a shadow of what it once was.
I think that the rivalry between the Latin Catholic variant and the Greek Orthodox variant are still in conflict, as can be seen the the vying for power and influence between the United States and Russian spheres of influence.
2 ปีที่แล้ว +3
Kings and Generals Can you make a video about the Invasion of Egypt by Hyksos, please
During this era, my ancestors (Axum) were in the highest peak. Religion did strengthen ties and during Emperor Justinian, our emperor Kaleb invaded Yemen, during the time a Jewish kingdom. Byzantine influence in Africa, Europe and Asia was peaceful and thrives to this day.
St.Sava real name was Rastko Nemanjic and he was the youngest son of Stefan Nemanja, founder of first Serbian Dynasty...he took name Sava when run away and join the monks. Also his father Stefan Nemanja when he step down from power, join Sava and took name of Simeon and together they build monastery Hilandar at mt. Atos. Both of them are accepted as saints in our ( Serbian ) religion. PS. sorry for bad english
Fascinating to see this and then think of how different the history of Eastern Europe would be if the Muslim conquest of Constantinople had succeeded in the 600s-700s, rather than taking until the 1400s to succeed. So much Christianization occurred between these centuries, that could have been Islamization instead, and so much philosophical and theological development within Christianity that would have, in a different form, influenced Islamic developments instead.
Is there any way you could incorporate a date in the actual video in the future? Like, I know you mention dates at various times, but having a visual on screen as events move forward I feel would help tremendously in understanding.
It is more difficult in videos like that, which talk about general flow, rather than concrete events, but we will do our best, thanks for your feedback!
Hello love your channel, big fan here however when will you guys complete the 2nd Punic War series? We need that to be fully completed! Dying to watch the rest of the episodes to finish the war!!!
It would be very interesting to see what nowadays northern macedonian thinks about that part of history...since noone is mentioning the so called macedonia here
Emperor Michael III not Manuel III. Michael III the Drunkard (842-867). There was no byzantine emperor named Manuel III. The last Manuel was Manuel II (1391-1425)
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Did Kings and Generals do the topic of Byzantine Papacy before? I am very interested in that.
Those Christians love a fight, don't they?
Vizantine empire is wrong narative. They call them self Romei or Romej. So Romei empire. Your video is not corect.
@@jong.7944 Yes. Thank's for info.
At the 5:00 of the video, it is not Manuel III, but Michael III.
!Trade Alert!
I get: Orthodox Christianity, an Imperial princess, trade deals
You get: 5,000 Viking mercenaries, not getting Chersonesus burnt down
@KHABIB ** TIME Too long, didn't read
@KHABIB ** TIME yes, there is one much greater than he, His name is Jesus Christ Pantokrator
@KHABIB ** TIME How can you glorify a child raping murder who killed the people teaching his religion then twisted it so he could be a child raping murder with god backing him up? If you think his god is god you are wrong he serves the fallen ones. Pure evil. Talking about Muhammad not Islam the same way many Christian's have twisted the bible to do evil in the name of God...
@@ornessarhithfaeron3576 ignorance is bliss. It’s a good point though, can us Christians point to a verifiable figure who’s as influential?
@@giacoyt4147 Mohammed is influential in making hundreds of millions of men think it's OK to be a youth enthusiast.
The Easten Roman Empire didn't influence only the people of the Eastern Europe. Influenced the Western Europe as well. For example Princess Theophanu, niece of the Emperor John I Tzimiskes, was married to the Otto II, the German Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and she had an important cultural impact to the development of the german culture. Later, during the Paleologian Rennaisance many Byzantine intellectuals like Emmanuel Chrysoloras, Bessarion of Trabizond, and Georgios Gemistos Plethon, they contributed to the Italian Rennaisance. And finally let's not forget that the Eastern Roman Empire had an important cultural impact to the Arabic Muslim world as well. For example one of the students of the great Leo the Mathematician introduced the Eyclidian Geometry to the Arabs in 820 AD.
Also introduced the Table Fork to the Middle East and Europe
The Palaiologoi also inherited the Dutchy of Montferrat in Italy and ruled it for over a century wich must have had significant influence on the region to
Not only,the great library of Baghdad was full of Greek copies of literatureat the request of the caliph himself.When the Mongols sacked the 2nd most important western(having China in the map) city(Baghdad), Euphrates became black from the books that were thrown,blind in their rage the Mongols could not understand that the library they destroyed was the reason of the greatness of the very city they sacked.
The Holy Roman Empire was culturally enriched by representatives of the actual Holy Roman Empire.... Interesting.
@@tylerellis9097 wrong to came from the Middle East and Aisa
Eastern Rome was always my favorite empire to read about and the fact that this channel dedicates so much time to it is just too good to be true.
Rome will rise again! In our hearts and minds, we have not forgotten the Roman Empire of the east
The Eastern Roman Empire and the Roman Catholic church spreading their religion reminds me of the U.S. and Soviet Union exporting their culture after World War 2.
A small clarification. Mt. Athos still IS a monastic state. It is under the influence of all the orthodox churches and that reflects in the composition of the monasteries. There are church of Serbia monasteries, church of Russia monasteries and monasteries under the influence of the orthodox patriarch in Istanbul. Although it is considered a part of Greece (or more accurate the Hellenic Republic) it is a self governed state, where you can enter only under special "visa" and if you are male. There are no female monasteries and unless i missed something, for the past 800 years, not a single woman has passed the borders to Athos.
There were a few occasions when women entered. Serbian Tsar Dušan brought his wife there during the Black Death, but it is said she never stepped foot on the ground and was carried the whole time.
Also, in newer times, there are cases when women entered, mostly by accident I believe.
In addition to what other said, Women are permitted to enter during difficult times to seek shelter. So for example, during WW2.
@@TotilaTheGoth Additionally, women in the modern age also occasionally enter the grounds as a dare, a challenge, or just for public attention.
@@utubrGaming True, I forgot about that.
A misogynistic tradition that still continues to this day.
The day of the arrival of the missionaries Constantine (Cyril) and Methodius is celebrated in our country in the Czech Republic as a national holiday.
I am from Thessaloniki and everyday during my morning ride to Uni , i see the Kyrilos and Methodios cathedral . Magnificent building for two important scolars of European culture .
@Ash. Bl. Yes
Until you guys popped up with your glorious channel, I hadn't really looked much at Byzantium and the Ottomans, and really that whole area at all. But my god is there a lot of very interesting history there. Thanks a bunch you guys!
The byzantine empire never existed.
@@redterrorproductions1373 explain your statement please
@@theempirewasright7673 i think because the bizantine were the (eastern) roman empire, and all of the bizantium came from hre emperors , and with that we should call them the easter roman empire than bizantine
@@theempirewasright7673 Name of Byzantine Empire is just a fictitious name, who fabricated by the mostly German historians to give the legitimacy to their German peasant mess that called Holy Roman Empire.
The Empire never call himself Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire .
The Empire was known to its inhabitants as the Roman Empire or Empire of the Romans.The inhabitants called themselves Roman.
@@theempirewasright7673 The Byzantine Empire is an idea created by the claimants in the west to delegitimatize the easts claim to the Romanum Imperium
The religious mission that the Byzantines sent to China was for me the best example of their cunning. They sent monks to not only spread Christianity to China, but they also stole silk worms from China so that the Byzantines can create their own silk industry. They stored the silk worms in hollow staffs. Simply brilliant.
"Why don't you go visit Byzantium for yourself? Knowing some Turkish wouldn't hurt..."
Me: *cries in the mourning of Constantinople's fall* 😭
You want to visit the largest city in europe or not?
@@yoghurtmaster1688 no
The fall of Constantinople was one of the great tragedies in human history along with Disney purchase of Star Wars.
@@vitorpereira9515 unironically who cares lmfao
yeah both halves of that statement were in really poor taste innit.
A sponsor which promote the Turkish language and call the Constantinople as Istanbul in a video about the Eastern Roman Empire.
This is sacrilegious! :D
Thank you so much for this video. Some time ago I requested a video about St. Cyril and St. Methodius. I appreciate that this channel listens to their fans. I would love to see more about Georgia, Armenia, and Bulgaria; or about Eastern Roman influence in Southern Italy.
Like the Bulgars the Pannonian Avars also assimilated not into the Roman but Slavic populations. The evolution of modern nationalities would've been much different had the Romans reversed the situation to their benefit
The Roman idea is mainly the state and its laws,not nationality.It is sad to say but the promotion of hellenic language was necessary as the non Greek population proved to be untrustworthy,still the progress was slow and mainly close to the borders.The Bulgarians escaped hellenization by luck,their nobility fell into its knees to recognize Basil II as the sole world emperor and plea not to erase Bulgarian culture in exchange for future stability that they guaranteed through their loyalty to Constantinople.
@@kulrul9180 lol no bulgars we’re Turkic. Slavs we’re their plebs.
@@kulrul9180 lmao
@@1Guy12 yea sure, but there is Bulgaria today, and there is no such thing as Roman empire. As there was no such thing as greek... whatever for almost 2000 years from 146 till 1821 on the balkans. Almost 2000 years of irrelevance :). Have fun with your fantasy and drugs man.
@@afctaylor12 Yep, pretty much like anyone else, before and after.
Fun fact: in 14th century Bulgarian city of Tarnovo claimed to be the Third Rome, based on its cultural links with Byzanium, while Kyiv claimed to be the second Jerusalem.
This actually was during the 13th century, when constantinople fell under the western crusades and the latin empire was established... The second bulgarian empire was at its peak under the leadership of the Asen dynasty and the rule of Kaloyan and Ivan Asen 2nd... So naturally during those times Veliko Turnovo (Great Turnovo) was the prime eastern orthodox capital city and was rightfully regarded as the leader of the orthodox world thus ''third Rome''
I've been waiting for this video for 4 years now! You are the only history channel which does include Bulgaria and doesn't forget its very important role in the world history! Thank you!
I didn't previously know that the Cyrillic script was developed in Bulgaria. I assumed it was developed in Moscow or Kyiv.
I did recently visit the Maryhill Museum in Washington State, which has a tremendous collection of Bulgarian Ecclesiastical Art.
Any day where there's a new Kings and Generals video on the Eastern Roman Empire is a good day! Thanks for brightening up my morning!
“For we are Hellenes by race and Romans by polity, which means that we are both the heirs of the Greek wisdom and the upholders of Roman law”.
George Gemistos Plethon. prominent Byzantine philosopher and scholar of the late 14th century.
I have to say this is one of the best channels on TH-cam hands down. Seriously, if you release a steel book documentary series on dvd or blu ray I will 100% buy it. Honestly. Do it
Always love when you guys talk about eastern history
Serbia today still uses the Byzantine double headed eagle and banner with the Slavic tricolor. Byzantium truly was a bastion of culture. ☦
@@maskinisten019 I believe 1400 years is enough to be considered a native. If not then the only native Balkan nation are Greeks.
@@guzelataroach4450 Then none of the Balkan nations are native. At least we didnt genocide anyone like the western empires.
@@nekilik7886 what about the Bosnians?
@@nekilik7886 not genocide? Thats a big lie my friend lets at least not deny our crimes
I didn't saw or hear any Albania in this video, only comments and angry feelings for not having any history...
Greeks were so influential throughout history.
These were not Greeks. These were Romans of the medieval Roman Emprie. The eastern Roman Empire was the direct continuation of the Roman Empire, using Latin and Greek as its main administrative tongues. Its citizenry also had very diverse ethnic roots. They were Romans though, not Greeks as in ancient times (or even modern time Greeks, who are not Romans any longer in identity). Their culture was the new evolution of Roman culture. Naturally, this medieval Roman culture changed and took a different course than ancient Rome, incorporating many Mediterranean cultural facets which were not a part of the original ancient Roman culture. Nonetheless, it was the Romans and all that they had inherited during their long-lived ancient imperium.
@Panagiotis Giannopoulos
I am writing to you in English. Does this mean that I am an Englishman? English is to us as Greek and Latin was to Roman citizens. Eastern Romans wielded the Greek language as an international tool just like we use English today. Many eastern Romans came from Anatolia, Syria, upper Balkans, Spain, Italy and other areas which were not traditionally Greek lands. A lot of eastern Romans, like 90% of them did not even have Greek descent. They spoke Greek just because it was the officially accepted language of the Romans. Period, they were Greek-speaking Romans, not Greeks.
@@ΡωμαϊκόνΠύρ Your very username is greek and not only that...it literally translates to ''Greek Fire'' which was used in the Byzantine Empire. Hellenes is literally today's (and all time's) pronounication of the Greek/Hellenic word for, you guessed it, ''Greeks''. They were calling themeselves ''Romioi'' (Romans) at the time since they were the continuation of the Roman empire. Even as far as here in Cyprus we have old documentation of poems and texts that refer to the Greeks as Romioi. I have no idea where you found your sources from but are extremely weak and vile.
@@dimitrispvoice133 Please learn my language before you butcher it. My username is "Rhomaeicon Pyr", meaning Roman Fire. Not Greek fire, which in Greek is Graecicon and Hellenicon Pyr. There was also never a "Byzantine" Empire. Only the Roman Empire. They were calling themselves Rhomaeoi because they were Romans. Not Greeks. Simple as that, end of story. Read the eastern Roman texts. There are literally tens of thousands of references to ethnic Romans. The terms "Graikos" and "Hellene" were attached to a Greek past which was undesired. Because the medieval Romans were the Roman people, not the Greek people. As far as my sources, the eastern Roman texts themselves. Try reading them so that you can learn something.
You have no clue what % of Romans in the East had Greek descent - whatever that even means - and nor does anyone else. This figure you drew straight up your ass.
Their native language was Greek not because it was the officially accepted language or whatever BS you made up. It's the other way around, the people at large spoke Greek and the Empire had to go along with it and gradually Hellenise everything from the language of the admiration which used to be Latin to the language of the army which was even post-Hellenisation full of Latin terms.
Pretty sure Armenia actually already officially converted to Christianity around 300 AD, a fee years before the Roman Empire did under Constantine
It makes me happy that Byzantine history made it to the 21st century
I'm glad that Babbel recognises the Hagia Sofia as a museum 😄
My Master's degree was heavily focused on the idea of the Byzantine Commonwealth. Overjoyed to see it get some attention here!
@p-head Link it for reading
@@hachibidelta4237 The inheritors of this state, modern Greeks we use nowadays the more attic "Byzantion" which was used then for the city. So if the inheritors use this term i do not see where the problem is. There are more Byzantine flags in Greek schools and public places than modern Greek ones. Fun fact, the janitor of my building is named Palaiologos.
@@hachibidelta4237 Go and tell this to the Maniots and other people all around the Greek territory. Tell them that they are not Romans. I am curious how you will be treated by the angry mob. I remember in a vacation the hotel owner took me to the basement and showed me a carved double eagle dated before 1204. His family hid it from the Latins and then from the Turks. I am sorry it is cruel but we consider ourselves Byzantines. There are pills to help you digest that.
@@hachibidelta4237 Your first statement is right. Yes Greece as a state is not successor to Rome, but it is consisted by people who are,. You do not know well the greek social reality and it is normal. Greece is divided between Hellenists and Romanists. This is depicted in politics also. Hellenists are more pro European and pro western . Romanists are more pro Russian and Church fanatics.
@@hachibidelta4237 In reality Greece is still trying to settle the 1204 debris. 1204 created a Hellenic movement into the Empire led by the Laskaris family and the scholars who made the Byzantine classical renaissance. So modern Greeks are what Roman Hellenic restoration of 1204 did to the imperial identity. Romans with Ancient greek roots.
One of my favorite videos on this channel so far. Fascinating.
Another superb production, I don't even know how you always manage to squeeze so much information of a thousand year old empire in such short videos...you never cease to amaze me..
hey, thanks for the amazing video! there is a lot more to tell about tsar Simeon the great of Bulgaria, maybe you could do a separate video about him as well, especially the economic war he fought with eastern rome is a very interesting topic
An empire becomes immortal when we find it's cultural influence exists even today !
The Romans conquered the Greeks and made them believe fervently that they are Romans. "Greeks" were self-identifying themselves as ethnic Romans until 1821. Eastern Romans continued Roman entertainment, policies, institutions, history. More importantly, Roman worldview was maintained long after Rome itself had fallen to Germanics.
And despite that we were still more successful at being romans than the romans themselves… Oh and the most successful dynasty was nicknamed “the Macedonian”. 🤣🤣🤣🤣 ✌️🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷
Indeed mate.
It is actually Michael the 3rd in 862, not Manuel. Anyways, great video!
great video,greetings from Bulgaria :)
I was reading about Cyril and his brother in the book written by Bishop Kallistos: The Orthodox Church - a pleasant surprise.
The famous crest of Hungary with the crown with the tilted Cross is actually a Byzantine crown!
The “Holy Crown of Hungary” was made in Constantinople and the Emperor sent it to the first Orthodox Christian King of Hungary.
That’s why the inscriptions on the crown are all in Hellenic!
Mt. Athos is a monastic state to this day.
There are some Serbian and Russian churches as well.
Mt. Athos has a different hour and date from the rest of Hellas🇬🇷
They follow the Byzantine Time cloak even after the fall of Constantinople and they have a different calendar. I think they are 13 days behind our calendar!
@Istvan Fehér Byzantines tried to converted people to Orthodoxy.
We converted all the Slavs (Rus, Serbs, Bulgarians… etc)
The Romanians, Armenians, Georgians etc
They attempted to convert people in Europe too. I don’t say Hungarians are Orthodox but the Crown of the Hungarian Emperor was a gift from the Orthodox Emperors from Constantinople!
@@Kolious_Thrace Georgia and Armenia were already Christians, before the Byzantium
Me: I think I'm getting a good grasp on Byzantine politics
K&G: Yeah? Check this out
Me: /head hurts
As a Slovak I am really glad you are talking about what we consider a part of our history, but please also try to make the borders more precise. Great Moriavia and Hungary were really off when it comes to the Carpathian Mountains. Anyway great video and once again thank you!
All borders are weird.
The Qur'an includes the Surat Ar-Rum, the sura dealing with "the Romans", sometimes translated as "The Byzantines," reflecting a term now used in the West. These Romans of the 7th century, referred to as Byzantines in modern Western scholarship, were the inhabitants of the surviving Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. Since all ethnic groups within the Roman empire had been granted citizenship by 212 AD, these eastern peoples had come to label themselves Ρωμιοί or Ῥωμαῖοι Romaioi (Romans), using the word for Roman citizen in the eastern lingua franca of Koine Greek. This citizenship label became "Rûm" in Arabic.
The Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire traced its origin as an institution to the foundation of Constantinople as the new capital of the Roman Empire in 330 by Constantine the Great. The Byzantine Empire survived the 5th century, when the Western Roman Empire fell, more or less intact and its populace continually maintained that they were Romaioi (Romans), not Hellenes (Greeks), even as the empire's borders gradually became reduced to in the end only encompassing Greek-speaking lands.
Nicol 1992, p. ix.
Very well writen!
TOTAL BS . Romans = Hellenes = Byzantines., therefore not Mongols/Turks
@@tomsmith4542 Learn history. In the eastern Roman sources, Rhomaioi are treated differently from Hellenes. Hellenes were an ancient ethnic group that did not exist any more (source Constantine VII). Furthermore, the term Byzantine was never used as an ethnonym or even nationality by the medieval or even classical Romans. They were used the terms Romani (Latin) and Romaeoi (Greek), which both mean Roman.
@@ΡωμαϊκόνΠύρ Your very username is greek and not only that...it literally translates to ''Greek Fire'' which was used in the Byzantine Empire. Hellenes is literally today's (and all time's) pronounication of the Greek/Hellenic word for, you guessed it, ''Greeks''. They were calling themeselves ''Romioi'' (Romans) at the time since they were the continuation of the Roman empire. Even as far as here in Cyprus we have old documentation of poems and texts that refer to the Greeks as Romioi. I have no idea where you found your sources from but are extremely weak and vile.
@@hachibidelta4237 The ''west'' has nothing to do with what the Byzantines were calling it, ''υγρό πύρ'' which translates to ''liquid fire'' for you foreigners. The west called it ''greek fire'' because it was actually made by the byzantine greeks. What is the arguement here? Why to even try to argue with historical facts? Are you a Turk bot? That can be the only explanation.
As a person from Czechia 🇨🇿 i like how you actually say Moravia and Bohemia and not only bohemia beacuse all lands that create: lands of the bohemian crown was : Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia (mainly) ,
And they are still historical regions 👍
It would be also very wholesome to make something about western Slavs like Czechs and Polaks, beacuse many people don't know about us 😅👍
In Serbia we know about our western Slavs brothers 😊
@@danijelsavic755 Beacuse you are Chad's. 😎
@@holextv5595 hahaha 😂👍
@@holextv5595 Joke on the side. I often feel sorry when I talk to people and realize how little we know about each other and we have so many similar customs, names and other parts of culture. Regardless of the Orthodox faith to which I belong or Catholicism. We should all learn a little more about each other together. 😊
One of the examples from the history of our relations. At the beginning of the Great War, when Austria attacked Serbia (battle on Mount Cer in 1914), Czech and Slovak soldiers refused the command. They did not want to "shoot at the brothers". We remember it here to this day. 😊
this is another example of that the bulgarian and byzantine(greek) history of medieval ages are so linked. you cannot speak about byzantine history without mentioning bulgaria or the reverse. these two empires were the two pillars of medieval eastern europe.
I mean you can say the same about the Byzantines and Caliphate, Normans, Turks, HRE etc
@@tylerellis9097 yep, but caliphate is not in EE, normans are late and for short, turks are the successors of Byz. HRE? how often do you read something about HRE and BE , and its not about religion? HRE is out of that cathegory. HRE is linked with western culture more often :)
@@danielkolev9270 All the time from the 8th to 12th century. The Byzantines had numerous interactions with Charlemagne’s Empire and Ottos for 400 years.
• Byzantines supported Lombard claimant against them in the late 700s
• the Pope crowned Charlemagne successor to Byzantine Emperor Constantine VI
• Irene proposed marrying Charlemagne
• soon after the Empires had a war over Venice and Dalmatia in the 800s-810s and a treaty where they recognized Charlemagne as Emperor of the Franks.
• maintained relations with Louis in Francia and his successor in the Kingdom of Italy during the 800s
• attempted joint attack between the 2 on Muslim bari in 872 and joint attack on Muslim Fraxentium in 940
• Went to War with Otto in Italy during the 900s and the Emperor married his niece to his son.
• went to war with Otto II
• Otto III was raised with Byzantine customs and Spoke Greek, was about to Marry Basil IIs( bulgar slayers) niece before he died.
• more Italian wars in the 1000s
• multiple alliances against the Normans in the 1100s
• Manuel Komnenos married the HRE Emperors daughter in-law.
• Fredrick Barbarossa led an army that threatened Constantinople into the Empire during the 3rd crusade.
After the 4th crusade they stopped having direct relations.
I’ll admit Bulgaria has the most consistent interaction with the Byzantines of the ones mentioned but they were also always in direct competition with and right next to them unlike others the except the Turks.
@@tylerellis9097 didnt expect a history lesson, but ok. Your topic is like the history between Scandinavian kingdoms and Spanish empire. Yes they interect, yes they have influences and etc , but in byizantine history you may find much more bulgarian interecation, battle for crowns and territories and influences than , for example serbian, french, spanish or HRE :)
So the BE has interected with every major party in Europe and around. The example is not the same. But ok :)
Dont have time nevertheless
@@danielkolev9270 Byzantium and Bulgaria literally only fought each other in the Balkans.
Byzantium and HRE fought each other in Italy
Seljuks and Byzantines fought each other in Anatolia/Armenia
How is Bulgaria any different. Bulgaria never even touched the Byzantine core like the Seljuks did and weren’t the only ones to fail a siege of Constantinople
Your example makes no sense, Spain and Sweden/ Denmark didn’t have marriage, wars or military alliances with each other.
Imagine a what if series where the Bulgars and Rus were truly assimilated into the byzantine empire, if the orthodox or Catholics weren't so stubborn, if the sacking of Constantinople by the crusaders never happened, how different the middle east today would look.
Rome would probably still exist as a superstate similar to China.
In no world would the Byzantine try to subjugate Rus. They had no interest in anything above the Danube
The middle east or at least Anatolia and the Levant would probably be orthodox. The Seljuk Turks would've probably settled in modern day Kurdistan, Iraq and Iran. Not that bad really, at least less women would dress like ninjas and won't get stoned
It is possible to assimilate into any empire only a people numerically smaller than the fundamental imperial people, this is not an obvious fact, no matter who conquered China, the elite of the conquerors eventually always assimilated among the Chinese and became Chinese, so what you write is nonsense
Or going back further, what if the Great Schism didn't happened.
First, I am happy to wake up and see a new video about the Eastern Roman Empire. Second, I am also happy to see that ever more people are calling it Roman and not Byzantine as the Frankish imperialists wanted us. We look forwards to more Eastern Roman videos, thanks
The artworks are just amazing !
You truly do make the best Roman videos on the internet. Keep it, K&G team!
"Learn turkish and visit Byzantium" is the saddest thing I've heard in a long time. Great video btw. Quality work from K&G.
Dear authors, it wasn't emperor Manuel III at 5:04, it was Michael III. Manuel III ruled the Trebizond Empire from 1390 to 1417, while Michael III ruled the whole of Byzantine Empire from 842 to 867
Btw thanks for your channel, it’s amazing!
The Byzantine's are an exceedingly interesting people to study. And this was another facet to wonder about. Great video. My compliments to all those who made this video a reality.
Conquered Greece took captive her savage conqueror.
Where do you see Greece here, brother? This was the Empire of the Romans that once ruled from Spain to Syria around Justinian the so called "Great". Greece was not the East Roman empire
It doesn’t change the core elements & the identity of the empire whether you call it Eastern Roman or Byzantine, mate. However, the legacy of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire is undoubtedly Greek. Greeks have been the predominant ethnic group in the East, from the very beginning. A continuous heritage of millenniums in Asia Minor, until the early 20th century and the “Greek Genocide”.
The term Roman did not determine national identity or ancestry at the time, but citizenship. Roman Emperor Caracalla issued the Antonine Constitution (early 3rd century AD), which granted Roman citizenship to all free men throughout the Roman Empire. A Roman citizen could of Greek, of Serbian, of Bulgarian, of Armenian, of Georgian heritage etc.
However, the majority of the Byzantines (Eastern Roman citizens), native for centuries in the region of Asia Minor long before the Roman Empire emerged, were of ethnic Greek background. The population in the East retained their pre-existing Hellenic culture and identity. They never vanished from their native lands. That is why Historians made the accurate distinction between the Latin West and the Greek East. Their Roman citizenship had nothing to do with their distinct heritage.
An English doesn't stop being English (ethnic identity) because he is British (political identity) and a medieval Greek wasn't any less Greek (ethnic identity) because he was a Roman citizen (political identity). Their citizenship, didn't contradict in any way their distinct ethnic Greek ancestry, determined by race.
The testimony of the Greek Byzantine Empire is evident to this very day in all Byzantine Churches and monuments across the region (almost half of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in modern day Turkey are of Ancient Greek and Byzantine origin).
finally some Byzantine content! now we need some videos on Byzantine reconquista and some Komnenian restoration 😂😂
Byzantium really is an example of Cultural Victory in Civiziliation.
Another excellent vid, K&G. Thanks for shining a light on the edge of a known subject. That's why K&G is different than others, fleshing out subjects. Outstanding job, again.
I read that the great ERE General Georgios Maniakes will appear in Season 3 of Netflix's Vikings Valhalla series, since he was the warrior companion of Harald Sigourdsson, when the later served as Captain of the Varangian Guard. I' m curious to see how this will be played, since this must be the first time that the ERE will be introduced in a Western media production.
About to be wack mark my words. Wouldn’t be surprised if they call them Byzantines in the show lol
@Hachibi Delta Indeed you are right. In this series appeared Euphemius, the ERE general who opened the "gates" of Sicily to the Arab conquest. But this episode was such a poor attempt to introduce ERE. They didn't even know how an ERE soldier looked like.
I should warn you that it is highly possible that eastern Romans might be depicted as weak or corrupt or deceitful.
@@Marshal_Rock Yeah. I think so too...
Kings and Generals out here asking the important questions I never thought of but definitely wanted answered. Can ya'll perhaps make a video about how Greek culture came to dominate inside the Eastern Empire?
@@dnkal2875 Some corrections:
1. Byzantium refers to a Hellenic city-state, which would later become Constantinople and not the Byzantine Empire.
2. Alexander's successors introduced the ideas of Hellenic philosophy to the Middle East but Greek language or way-of-life did not become the lingua franca of the region. This is substantiated by for example Egypt: Ptolemy did not convert the culture or even religion of Egypt to Greek. All of the successor dynasties converted to local culture to blend in.
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What I meant was I wanted a video on how it came to be most of the Byzantine East were permeated by Greek culture and language
Because of its treacherous diplomacy, military aggression and meddling in our internal affairs, the common Bulgarian's idea of Byzantium is overly negative. Yet in periods of peace so many good things happened. For example captured Byzantines helped Bulgaria develop Preslav and other cities into jewels of architecture and arts.
Also Byzantine empire literally created Bulgarian nation. After 1018, when Basil II Porphyrogenitus nicknamed the Bulgar Slayer conquered Bulgarian empire, the entire population of the conquered area were simply called Bulgarians. And they kept the name. Before that they were initialized with their Slavic tribes, and there were some Bulgarian minority, mostly aristocracy.
@@nick3175 Minority sure but not a horde of 50k people. Likely hundreds of thousands. No east Rome did not create Bulgaria with its naming towards the region. Doesnt make sense that they would call the regions such. I know there was Thrace, Moesia, Macedonia etc. By 1018 Bulgaria had been in the region for 340 years give or take. Earlier migrations also happent for sure.
@@ivokantarski6220 What he meant to say is that every "Slav" inside the empire became "Bulgarian", including in cities that were never actually controlled by Bulgaria.
@@ivokantarski6220 See, you do not get it. Many people claim some ancient origin of their nations. This is nonsense. Nations are relatively modern thing. They did not exist before XVIII century. Still nationalism lays on older foundations. About Bulgarians, these foundations are the language and the name. Most people in First Bulgarian empire did not call themselves Bulgarians, and they did not speak Bulgarian, but in the late years of the empire used Cyrillic alphabet. Under the rule of Byzantium the majority of the Bulgarian aristocracy were assimilated. But the majority of the population were called by the authorities Bulgarians and kept using the Cyrillic alphabet that unified their language. The founders of the Second Bulgarian empire were not Bulgarians. But they used the Bulgarian heritage - Bulgaria was internationally recognized, and the Bulgarian population, separated and unified under the Byzantium rule. Before 1018 there were Slavic tribes ruled by Bulgarian aristocracy. After that, there was formed, under the pressure of Byzantium, a Bulgarian population.
@@nick3175 Evidence seem to point they werent a minority and basicly puts that theory to bed.
Many people here could be offended but im gonna say it, you can see the effects of byzantine cultural influence in the ottoman legal and cultural system. Steppe peoples were famous for adopting and blending with the culture of the geography they conquered and Turks were no exception. You can see it in the grandiosity of ottoman palaces and royal life which influenced by persian and byzantine culture, you can see it from the codified law system, you can see it from the adopted army tactics and so on. I am a Turk and I find this literally fascinating!
I think this is a fair assessment. In their initial decades the Ottomans were dynamic in part thanks to the ideas and practices introduced to them by Byzantine converts to Islam. The Ottoman state was both the destruction and the continuation of the Byzantine one.
Thanks for the neverending lessons in history, love your channel.
One thing i will note is calling Tomislav of Croatia a prince is a really weird one.
He bore the title of duke (knez, kniaz/knyaz) and later king. Although it is shrouded in mystery who crowned him or where (was it the pope, pope's representative or he did it himself), there are preserved documents in which pope adresses him as king of Croats. Also Tomislav's successors bore the title of kings, not dukes or princes.
Its actually the first and only time i ever heard that Croatian rulers before or after personal union with Hungary were called princes.
Cheers.
oh man i think i get it now. a byzantine emperor would call him archon (prince?) until he himself crowned him or the pope did?
edit; p.s. found the sources of prince title later on, seems like Venetians did this alot
@@ninokarazovic9131 Mislim da se radi čisto problemima u prijevodu. Primjetio sam da se na engleskom govornom području titula "prince" često koristi za bilo kojeg poglavara kojeg se ne smatra dovoljno prestižnim da bi mu se priznala titula kralja- dakle ono što bi nazvali knezom, ili možda čak banom. Za nas je princ samo onaj koji je u naslijednom redu za kraljevo prijestolje, ali englezima princ može biti i jedno i drugo.
@@domapusic aha, ima smisla, hvala na objašnjenju!
@Kings and Generals
There is a mistake in your video regarding Serbia. Saint Sava did not finish Christianization of the country, as Serbs were Christians by that point. Instead he directed our course towards east and Orthodoxy, since many Serbs in coastal lands were Catholics at the time.
Second thing is a suggestion. But can you please make more effort in your maps in some of your videos like this one? There are many mapping videos where you can take a note.
I hope you take this as a good natured criticism, since I enjoy your videos, especially the Roman ones.
Great video as almost always.Still what are the sources of a multicultural Thessaloniki and the existence of Slavs inside its walls during the byzantine period?I am not aware of any.
That is the area emperor Heraclius offered for Serbs to settle first.
But it was too hot so we went north, some tribes stayed.
Plus Thessaloniki was a very important centre of trade.
@@VojislavMoranic and your sources are?
@@Sendo664 as the Thessaloniki was the target of many slavobulgaric attacks it makes no sense that the city has any Slavic inhabitants at all.It would endagered its safety and there are any source of any kind showing Slavs inside the city.
@@Kimmerios-l5u Porfirogenit and his account.
Slavs lived outside of the walls of Thessaloniki. In the area of Mihaniona, Kalochori in small villages and they were very poor. Even when Ottomans took the city of Thessaloniki for almost 500 years the city had more Greeks, Jews and Turks and less Slavs. The reason is because they were poor they couldn't afford to live inside Thessaloniki.
It kinda annoys me how Historians try to give secular reasons for conversion. You underestimate how religious people were back then.
Yeah, but that's exactly why it would take a political reason to force-convert an entire country of people who already believe in a religion.
@@talknight2I meant the video is discrediting genuine conversion. Sure some was probaly for political reasons but the majority were probaly genuine bu the evidence of their actions and the risk they take by converting
Great video! One observation: in 862 the Emperor was Michael III, not Manuel.
Ah, yeah, both kings & generals and history marche simultaneously covering about the Byzantine topic.
That is pleasure thing for me.
Thanks for your video👌 and good job 👏👏
Jesus loves you
Thanks for the video, very informative. Btw, its Michael III (Eastern Roman Emperor in the late 9th cent) and not Manuel III as potrayed in the video.
I would love for you to do a video on Olga of Kiev , She was the first Christian queen of Russia and the story of how she avenged her husband is incredible!
She never ruled Russia. She rulled Kievan Rus (or Ruthenia).
@@7gromojar Oh don't start. It was the same thing back then. Russia and Ruthenia are both latinizations of Rus' from different periods.
We need a video about Byzantine empire which explains if it was a greek empire a latin empire ... And why
This would be very interesting and whould solve the confusion being made on this topic
I don’t think anyone thinks it’s a Latin Empire, more like a debate between a Greek Empire vs a Greek Speaking Empire.
@@tylerellis9097 i think its both a greek empire and a greek speaking empire 😂
@@nikos_para2329
In my years of Byzantine study,
the dispute comes from 2 concerns
• the multiple Non Greek Emperors ,Generals, bureaucrats and families.
• the debate of Greek vs Roman identity
I can answer that one for you haha, not quickly though hahahahahah. there was no such thing as the Byzantine Empire, Byzantium was a historically Greek but rebuilt Roman town/city when the aria was annexed and became part of the Roman Empire.
Then when the Roman Empire split between East and West, Emperor Constantine was looking for a place to build the Capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, he chose Byzantium renaming it Nova Rome(New Rome) but that didnt stick with the people of the City instead becoming Constantinople(City of Constantine)
The People of the Eastern Roman Empire were Roman, end of. Greece didn't exist and neither did the greeks, if they referred to themselves as anything other that Roman, it would have been for their city eg Athenian or culturally as a Hellen but only secondarily to being roman. Latin was the State and Religious language spoken at Court and in Ceremony but Greek was the common tongue used more widely in the East, Ancient Rome was historically a multi lingual Empire.
The real question is why do we call it the Byzantine empire, when if you went back in time even just a few days before the Ottomans took up residence and asked any person on the street are you roman or byzantine? they would look at you like you are stupid and tell you they're Roman and very likely they'd have no clue what a byzantine even was.
The term Byzantine Empire first appeared 104 years after the Eastern Roman Empire fell to the Ottomans and was coined by a German Historian basically to disassociate the Eastern empire with the word Rome all to give power to the German Holy Roman Empire which was not Roman at all. Calling the Eastern Roman Empire the Byzantine Empire is actually kind of derogatory, and Historically inaccurate.
@@danielkelly8870 i think it regarded a greek empire because the east of the original roman empire was influenced by greeks and the west influenced by latins so i guess it was greek
If someone wants to learn turkish in order to see the monuments of the Eastern Roman empire he would be really surprised when he would try to read the inscriptions on the monuments and the Othodox Churches.
i was curious about the Byzantine Commonwealth of the ERE. great vid
Visit Turkey (or Turkiye whatever) to see Byzantine landmarks? No thank you. I am not going to pay a country that was and is still performing genocide of various kinds and never admits to it. They are just lucky that they can produce the famed Bayraktars for now.
Omg! "still performing genocide"!! In which world you are living. If you are talking about the past, Turkey is always open to create a historian team with other nations to investigate the history. Unfortunately, some countries prefer to use it politically instead of investigating. And you say "still performing". kidding?. Which evidence you have? Please, share something. or learn the terminology of genocide or see a psychologist.
Chinese is worst than Byzantine.
Then: Constantinople or Miklagard, a city with prestige and supremacy. A divine paradise on Earth, the self-proclaimed "City", the center of the Orthodox Christian World, the center of the Greek-speaking world, and one of the centers of the West-East world.
Now: Istanbul, a mere fraction of its former reputation reduced to a city-hive for the Turkish population majority, a shell of its former self, a Western-oriented city (rather than being one of the centers of the West-East world), a shithole for Turkish politics, and the mark of the historical and cultural legacy left behind by the Byzantines/Romans for visitors and tourists to see.
Sad but true, I think about it sometimes and it makes me sick...
We live in the chaotic bad timeline
Lmao it’s currently one of the beautiful city in the world today because of the Turks
@@the3zoooz1 In physical appearance that reflects the legacy left by those who passed it. Within the city, it is just a massive hive for Turks and a puppet for Turkish politics. The conversion of Hagia Sophia into a mosque is an example. Not only screams the fact that it was once an Orthodox church, but also destroys Mustafa Kemal's legacy, who commissioned it as a museum in the first place.
@@the3zoooz1 the modern day turks inherited a city whose value they don't understand or fully appreciate. It's like pearls placed before pigs .The pigs will simply trample the pearls not realizing their value .the city today is a shadow of what it once was.
I think that the rivalry between the Latin Catholic variant and the Greek Orthodox variant are still in conflict, as can be seen the the vying for power and influence between the United States and Russian spheres of influence.
Kings and Generals Can you make a video about the Invasion of Egypt by Hyksos, please
Can you make a video about great migration of germanic tribes in the roman empire and their assimilation?
Best Name
Great, you just uploaded on my dinnertime. And I've got an exam tomorrow.
I'm saving this for later
9:23 the note says "rituazed" instead of "ritualized". Is there a better place to point out errors? Is the Patreon page preferred?
We see them here, thanks!
The history of the Byzantine Empire is incredible.
Rome was more great though upto 300
Great videos as always. ❤
This was a good video thanks for sharing it
The impact of Christianity is insane even to this day it effects us all
True!
I really liked starting the video of with the quote, good way to introduce the video!
During this era, my ancestors (Axum) were in the highest peak. Religion did strengthen ties and during Emperor Justinian, our emperor Kaleb invaded Yemen, during the time a Jewish kingdom. Byzantine influence in Africa, Europe and Asia was peaceful and thrives to this day.
I have a rhetoric question: why is Poland marked on the map, and why do you mention Lithuania in this context?
St.Sava real name was Rastko Nemanjic and he was the youngest son of Stefan Nemanja, founder of first Serbian Dynasty...he took name Sava when run away and join the monks. Also his father Stefan Nemanja when he step down from power, join Sava and took name of Simeon and together they build monastery Hilandar at mt. Atos. Both of them are accepted as saints in our ( Serbian ) religion. PS. sorry for bad english
thank you for every video
Another great video :)
Fascinating to see this and then think of how different the history of Eastern Europe would be if the Muslim conquest of Constantinople had succeeded in the 600s-700s, rather than taking until the 1400s to succeed. So much Christianization occurred between these centuries, that could have been Islamization instead, and so much philosophical and theological development within Christianity that would have, in a different form, influenced Islamic developments instead.
Is there any way you could incorporate a date in the actual video in the future? Like, I know you mention dates at various times, but having a visual on screen as events move forward I feel would help tremendously in understanding.
It is more difficult in videos like that, which talk about general flow, rather than concrete events, but we will do our best, thanks for your feedback!
Hello love your channel, big fan here however when will you guys complete the 2nd Punic War series? We need that to be fully completed! Dying to watch the rest of the episodes to finish the war!!!
Very nice video
Great job, thanks! Besides Michael III, you fogot to put Wallachia on the map at 17:12, it should be under Moldavia
At 5:02 you say and show Manuel III, but you mean Michael III, there never was a Roman Emperor called Manuel III.
Yep. Brainfart.
I think it would be very interesting if you covered the campaign for North Africa in WWII...
Heads up, there's a volume issue around 3:15. The sound dampens for about 20-30 seconds
One of yalls best. Will help me explain byzantine cultural reach to curious friends
12:40 this sounds greatly interesting. A place for all Christian denominations to converge, discuss and talk peacefully!
Even when you are not talking about battles byzantine history is one of the best.
@Kings and Generals
Old Church Slavonic was first used in Bulgaria before it could reach Moravia
Well, what language do you think we spoke up until that time?
Fascinating stuff!
very interesting
Manuel III? Hello.
5:00 please fix that
Another great video from kings and generals
It would be very interesting to see what nowadays northern macedonian thinks about that part of history...since noone is mentioning the so called macedonia here
They'd be delighted to learn that they had this crucial role in the development of the modern world
You seriously need to do a video on the History of Georgia. Please 🙏
Emperor Michael III not Manuel III. Michael III the Drunkard (842-867). There was no byzantine emperor named Manuel III. The last Manuel was Manuel II (1391-1425)