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Night VFR: Can be permitted, but requires the pilot and aircraft to meet stringent requirements, including proper instrumentation, training, and visibility standards. Special VFR (SVFR), which is specifically related to weather conditions that allow flight below standard VFR minimums and is not typically allowed at night. Always refer to current DGCA CARs or AIP (Aeronautical Information Publication) for the latest regulations related to your country.

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First I will reply to your second question, Yes! This is used in procedural separation(as well as in Radar) in Area, Approach control both. Now back to the first part, suppose you are flying northerly on a heading of 360 degree your track will be 000. So as per definition opposite track is moving opposite to you means it will be flying on a Southerly heading and it should be from 315 to 045 degrees means on a track of 135 to 225. You need to draw your position and check this you will better understand.

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There is no regulation on this. It is of orange or yellow but it can be of any other colours also.

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electric field is inversely proportional to the radius of curvature. Hence, at sharper points where radius of curvature is smallest field is strongest

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Air Traffic Advisory Service is a service provided within advisory airspace to ensure separation, insofar as practical, between aircraft which are operating on IFR flight plans. The objective of the air traffic advisory service is to make information on collision hazards more effective than it would be in the mere provision of flight information service. It may be provided to aircraft conducting Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) flights in advisory airspace or on advisory routes (Class F airspace). Advisory service does not afford the degree of safety and cannot assume the same responsibilities as air traffic control service in respect of collision avoidance, since information regarding the disposition of traffic in the area may be incomplete. Advisory service does not deliver “clearances” but only “advisory information”. (ICAO Doc 4444: PANS-ATM, Chapter 9, Section 9.1.4)

Flight Information service is a service provided for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights. (ICAO Annex 11: Air Traffic Services) A flight information service may be provided on its own or in conjunction with an air traffic control service. Flight information service includes the provision of pertinent: SIGMET and AIRMET information; Information concerning pre-eruption volcanic activity, volcanic eruptions and volcanic ash clouds; Information concerning the release into the atmosphere of radioactive materials or toxic chemicals; Information on changes in the serviceability of navigation aids; Information on changes in condition of aerodromes and associated facilities, including information on the state of the aerodrome movement areas when they are affected by snow, ice or significant depth of water; Information on unmanned free balloons; and, Any other information likely to affect safety.

Advisory services are meant for airspace which is classified as an advisory where civil controllers cannot assume the responsibility for the control. They simply suggest or advice, it is upto the captain to decide. Suggestions or Advice about the conflicting traffic which have submitted flight plans to ATC. Flight information is any useful information which assists captains for efficient conduct of flight , weather conditions enroute or destination, any change in status of nav aids, balloon flying activity.

@@AVIATIONAIRTRAFFICCONTROL Thankyou so much sir resolving my query. Thanks a lot for the explanation.❤️

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SBAS and GBAS are both technologies designed to improve the accuracy and reliability of GNSS positioning. GNSS accuracy depends upon factors such as satellite geometry, atmospheric conditions, signal obstructions, and the quality of the receiver used.

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