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Buffer prevents the change in color of dpph caused due to pH of sample or standard solutions added. Color change will solely be caused due to antioxidants upon using buffer.

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Thanks for watching. The conc. of H2O2 solution used is 2mM (video time 12:38)

What is the amount of oil you need? If its few ml, our institute may help you.

Thanks for watching. The whole numbers represent the divisions of eye piece micrometer. While 0.0067 in this case is Calibration factor. We need to multiply the average of eye piece micrometer divisions for 50 particles by Calibration factor.

@@bhushansong thank you for replying. But according magnificent lene of eye piece this number is changed isn't it or not.

@@bhushansong during Multifunction that we find value that is 0.0067 is always constant or change according the eye piece or not?

Yes, it changes. Because the eyepiece scale is almost 20-25 cm away from the object. Moreover, depending upon the eyesight the focal length also changes, some may have spectacles some may not. So we first calibrate with stage micrometer that is placed at the object level.

@@NoNu_drdz_18 It may change depending upon individual's eyesight, make of the microscope

Thanks for watching. Following is one reference. You may get many on net www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4492988/

@@bhushansong thank youu

There's no specific ratio. It depends upon the flask. Water is just a heating medium, else the drug will get charred.

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Thank you. Glad you liked it.

Most welcome

DPPH is soluble in methanol. So methanol is the ideal solvent. Water used for buffer solution may have dissolved oxygen that can create Oxygen free radicals which impact the results.

Thank you. I've experienced multiple reasons that can affect the inhibition 1. Conc. of extract solution 2. Type of extract (aq. Methanol, ethyl acetate etc) 3. Time duration for extraction 4. Method of extraction (soxhlet, microwave, maceration) 5. Part of the plant taken (root, stem, leaves peeled unpeeled etc) It is advised that one should perform quantitative analysis by wither HPTLC or any other methods before DPPH.

Thank you🙏🙏

Many thanks

Thanks for watching, Daniel. We should rinse with 15 ml potassium iodide solution and pour the rinsate in the flask. Potassium iodide dissolves all Iodine fumes those are trying to escape through the gaps of stopper & neck. This ensures accuracy in the Iodine value measurements.

Its RBF a short form for round bottom flask. A heating mantle has complimentary pocket to accommodate an RBF and heat efficiently.

If a formulation contains saponin containing drugs like (licorice, shikekai, ritha etc) it can be done for scrubs. There is no limit set for scrub as they usually do not contain SLS or foaming drugs. You may include FI as one of the parameters and compare against a mktd std formulation.

Thanks for watching.

Thanks for watching. I'll recommend to go for steam-distillation instead of hydro-distillation as yield and quality it would be more efficient

Thank you, Vinay

Thank you Aliyu.

You are most welcome

Thank you, Vinay. Pleased to know that it was helpful for you.

Many thanks for watching.

Thanks for watching. Hope it is helpful.

Tumchya suggestion baddal dhanyavaad. 🙏🏻🙏🏻 Me nakki try karen. Pan mala he topics English madhe jyast soppe vatale. Next time hinglish vaparen. Thank you.

@@bhushansong ho sir tumhi khup easy way madhe shivkta but kahi terms smjt nhi English madhe clear....and thank you for response

Many thanks Pola. A 10-15% w/v Aq KI solution would be sufficient. Purpose is to trap all Iodine fumes escaping from the gap of stopper & iodine flask.

Nahi. Required Facility nahi ahe.

Glad it was helpful!

Many thanks Arbaj.

plz tellll

Sorry for the delay!! Practically water insoluble ash has no significance, it is the water soluble ash that is produced by the plants (ca oxalate, ca carbonates, salts etc) Acid insoluble ash is of importance as it signifies the sand, glass, metals, soil etc adhered to the plant part. Still, if someone wants to calculate Water insoluble ash he can follow the calculations as explaiined for acid insoluble ash.

I'll try. thanks

Thank you. Hope it helped you.

So nice of you. Thank you

Thanks and welcome

Thanks for watching. I have'nt worked on that.

Thank you Ramdas. I've been using Iodine monochloride. It is corrosive and needs to be handled carefully (mask, gloves and glasses etc are advisable)

Glad it was helpful!

Hello Priya, thanks for watching. Betel leaf does not contain sufficient essential oil. However, steam distillation is always more efficient than hydrodistillation for any crude drug.

Without light ( in darkness) the results are more accurate.