- 122
- 581 256
Abide By Reason
United States
เข้าร่วมเมื่อ 5 ต.ค. 2023
Hi, I'm Dan. You'll find Math & Physics videos here.
If you have any questions or suggestions for future videos, please leave a comment here or shoot me an email at abidebyreason@gmail.com.
If you have any questions or suggestions for future videos, please leave a comment here or shoot me an email at abidebyreason@gmail.com.
The Mathematician's Measure
Intro to Measure Theory covering Sigma Algebras, Measures, Measurable Spaces, and Measure Spaces.
Related Videos:
The Connection Between Measure Theory, Set Theory, and Banach-Tarski:
th-cam.com/video/SvfATfaL2qc/w-d-xo.html
Banach-Tarski Paradox Explained: th-cam.com/video/R--iM5KbDEg/w-d-xo.html
Intro to Topology: th-cam.com/video/B-Y3-XpAdMU/w-d-xo.html
Intro to Group Theory: th-cam.com/video/5qmsqwxrSLc/w-d-xo.html
References:
Terence Tao, "An Introduction to Measure Theory"
Gerald B. Folland, "Real Analysis: Modern Techniques and Their Applications"
Animations created using Manim: www.manim.community/
Related Videos:
The Connection Between Measure Theory, Set Theory, and Banach-Tarski:
th-cam.com/video/SvfATfaL2qc/w-d-xo.html
Banach-Tarski Paradox Explained: th-cam.com/video/R--iM5KbDEg/w-d-xo.html
Intro to Topology: th-cam.com/video/B-Y3-XpAdMU/w-d-xo.html
Intro to Group Theory: th-cam.com/video/5qmsqwxrSLc/w-d-xo.html
References:
Terence Tao, "An Introduction to Measure Theory"
Gerald B. Folland, "Real Analysis: Modern Techniques and Their Applications"
Animations created using Manim: www.manim.community/
มุมมอง: 3 463
วีดีโอ
The Axiom Behind Math's Weirdest Paradox
มุมมอง 45K21 วันที่ผ่านมา
Deep in the foundations of mathematics lies a simple axiom that produces one of the strangest paradoxes in history. And a direct consequence of this axiom is that not only are there mathematical sets with zero volume but there are also sets for which it is impossible to assign a meaningful sense of volume. Can all mathematical sets be assigned a meaningful volume? In this video, I will show you...
Math's Weirdest Paradox
มุมมอง 6Kหลายเดือนก่อน
Take a sphere and disassemble it into finely many pieces. The Banach-Tarski Paradox guarantees, by means of a mathematical proof, that you can reassemble the pieces into 2 copies of the exact same, original sphere. How is this possible? Correction: 1:05 Sorry, should be (0, 2pi). See pinned comment for explanation Related Videos: Intro to Topology: th-cam.com/video/B-Y3-XpAdMU/w-d-xo.html Intro...
A Visual Introduction to Group Theory
มุมมอง 1.5Kหลายเดือนก่อน
What exactly is Symmetry? The experience many of us have in school is that Mathematics is only about numbers. But here, I want to give you a glimpse into a beautiful Mathematical subject that places numbers on the backburner, and instead takes symmetries and patterns as its main objects of study. This subject is known by Mathematicians as Group Theory and has applications in areas as wide rangi...
Topological Spaces Visually Explained
มุมมอง 3.5K2 หลายเดือนก่อน
Topology begins with the simple notion of an open set living in a Topological Space and beautifully generalizes to describing shapes in various dimensions. So what exactly is a Topological Space? Music by Vincent Rubinetti Download the music on Bandcamp: vincerubinetti.bandcamp.com/album/the-music-of-3blue1brown Stream the music on Spotify: open.spotify.com/playlist/3zNK20qC96mVSww60lVi1k
Chaos: The Mathematics of the Butterfly Effect
มุมมอง 1.8K2 หลายเดือนก่อน
Chaos: The Mathematics of the Butterfly Effect
Everything You Need to Know About the Double Pendulum #SoMEpi
มุมมอง 3.7K4 หลายเดือนก่อน
Everything You Need to Know About the Double Pendulum #SoMEpi
Animations Compilation | Multibrot, Mandelbrot, and more
มุมมอง 3495 หลายเดือนก่อน
Animations Compilation | Multibrot, Mandelbrot, and more
The Question Physicists Can't Agree On
มุมมอง 8455 หลายเดือนก่อน
The Question Physicists Can't Agree On
Solar System Mass Comparison | How Massive are Objects in Space?
มุมมอง 6396 หลายเดือนก่อน
Solar System Mass Comparison | How Massive are Objects in Space?
How Big is a Particle | Size Comparison of the Universe | Man to Planck Length
มุมมอง 4876 หลายเดือนก่อน
How Big is a Particle | Size Comparison of the Universe | Man to Planck Length
Laplace's Demon Explained in 4 Minutes | Philosophy of Determinism
มุมมอง 6K6 หลายเดือนก่อน
Laplace's Demon Explained in 4 Minutes | Philosophy of Determinism
2 Simple Solutions to Maxwell's Demon | Thermodynamics
มุมมอง 4.6K7 หลายเดือนก่อน
2 Simple Solutions to Maxwell's Demon | Thermodynamics
How to Make a Mandelbrot Zoom, explained in 7 minutes
มุมมอง 1.6K7 หลายเดือนก่อน
How to Make a Mandelbrot Zoom, explained in 7 minutes
Bell's Theorem Clearly Explained | Quantum Theory
มุมมอง 3.9K9 หลายเดือนก่อน
Bell's Theorem Clearly Explained | Quantum Theory
The Quantum Triviality Problem Schrödinger and Heisenberg Couldn't Solve
มุมมอง 96510 หลายเดือนก่อน
The Quantum Triviality Problem Schrödinger and Heisenberg Couldn't Solve
How Schrödinger Improved the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle | Quantum Theory
มุมมอง 84210 หลายเดือนก่อน
How Schrödinger Improved the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle | Quantum Theory
Deriving the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
มุมมอง 47410 หลายเดือนก่อน
Deriving the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
What an Inertial Frame of Reference REALLY is and How it Relates to Newton's First Law of Motion
มุมมอง 93711 หลายเดือนก่อน
What an Inertial Frame of Reference REALLY is and How it Relates to Newton's First Law of Motion
The Kronecker Delta Clearly Explained in ALL its Forms | Episode 3, Tensors in Physics
มุมมอง 1K11 หลายเดือนก่อน
The Kronecker Delta Clearly Explained in ALL its Forms | Episode 3, Tensors in Physics
To Master Einstein Notation, Start Here! | Episode 2, Tensors in Physics
มุมมอง 80011 หลายเดือนก่อน
To Master Einstein Notation, Start Here! | Episode 2, Tensors in Physics
Basis and Dimension: The FOUNDATION of Vector Spaces | Episode 6, Linear Algebra
มุมมอง 31811 หลายเดือนก่อน
Basis and Dimension: The FOUNDATION of Vector Spaces | Episode 6, Linear Algebra
Span of a Vector Space | Linear Combos | Episode 5, Linear Algebra
มุมมอง 22211 หลายเดือนก่อน
Span of a Vector Space | Linear Combos | Episode 5, Linear Algebra
Confused by Tensors? You WON'T be after this! | Episode 1, Tensors in Physics
มุมมอง 4.2K11 หลายเดือนก่อน
Confused by Tensors? You WON'T be after this! | Episode 1, Tensors in Physics
The Mandelbrot Set, Finite Area but INFINITE Perimeter?!
มุมมอง 1.2K11 หลายเดือนก่อน
The Mandelbrot Set, Finite Area but INFINITE Perimeter?!
A Crash Course on how Quantum Operators work when using Bra Ket Notation | Quantum Theory
มุมมอง 93611 หลายเดือนก่อน
A Crash Course on how Quantum Operators work when using Bra Ket Notation | Quantum Theory
luv u
Fantastic video! Thanks again for the positively-biased visuals (black-on-white) 🤗
Thanks. Glad you enjoyed it!
Clicked on this video bc thumbnail stutters when you scroll on your phone.
These are good videos but they always seem like the end way too early. My advice is to wrap everything up by applying what you have said to what you have shown in the intro. I have no idea what a sigma algebra has to do with the volume of a cube
I really don't mind the 'open-end' but I can see how the videos would benefit from it. 👍
Edit: Sorry, I missed the word 'disjoint'. My bad. Good explanation! It does not seem to me that the Dirac measure is a measure on the power set of X. One of the properties that you give for a measure is that the measure of the union of a collection of subsets is the sum of the measures of the sets. Consider the set X = {1,2,3}, and the Dirac measure where the fixed x=1. Now the measure of {1,2} is 1 and the measure of {1,3} is 1. Their union is {1,2,3}, which should be measure 2 by the above property, but is actually 1 by the definition of the Dirac measure.
I see you are still learning. But keep it up. The quality is quite high in this video.
Is this still manim? Looks good
Thanks. Yes, this was all done in Manim!
It's 'positive' manim 😉
You should make a followup where you explain how this helps us solve the problem with the cube!
GREAAAT VIDEO KEEP IT UP
Great explanation
Couldn't agree more
I don't see the connection of any of the algebra with the cube you show at the beginning
Yeah, I have to agree. I kinda don't understand where we started, where we ended, and why we where going there? ':-|
each v sub n is the volume of a smaller cube in the larger cube. Together adding up to the volume of the bigger cube
@@JonSebastianFhe literally said in plain English that you're adding up the volumes of small cubes that combine to form a bigger cube, it's a simple concept
if you understand how addition works you should have no trouble understanding the beginning of the video
@icosagram and why we need measure?
Infinite chocolate bonbon hack?
An absolute masterpiece
Part regarding how finite subsets would make it work feels omitted. Worth making a follow up? I would approach it from non-measurability point of view, probably by looking at Vitali set and extending
ill watch your other videos this was great
The thumbnail of this video dances in really cool way if you scroll it back and forth. Because the details are really minute and are messing with the rastorisation.
Nice visuals! I've always found Measure Theory to be counterintuitive.
This thumbnail is so trippy when i was scrolling it was moving
At the time 1:15 you say that the map (0,2pi) --> R^2 x |-> (cos(x), sin(x)) « Will give you the whole circle back », how does that include the point (1,0) since 0 and 2pi are not to be mapped?
This playlist has been so helpful... do you plan on making more? 🥹
Yes, I do hope to return to this playlist at some point :)
It really is a nonsensical axiom and it should not have been accepted (even if the resulting theory turns out to be consistent).
Does this mean, you can reach any point from any other point?
So, which part of the sphere is non-measurable? And why? Like, I can totally cut up an orange and real life and I can definitely always measure every piece I cut out.
Yes you can, but we are cutting the sphere into highly nontrivial impossible "pieces" that you can't make in real life, think of it like disassembling a sphere into fogs of points.
A surface is not an infinite collection of points. A line is not an infinite collection of points. You can see this because a surface has an area but the area of a point is zero. Zero times infinity is still just zero.
I'm having trouble understanding the second criterion. Could you clarify what you mean by "orbit"?
Did he really need a million dollars? He’s right next to Pythagoras in history. Let that sink in.
And yet people still accept ZFC. So sad that people are obsessed with an axiom set that induces paradoxical results.
Lottery
Great video and awesome animations! Subscribed!
Maybe pointed out already but there is a y missing in the formula of the thumbnail
Set theory is beautiful 🚪
Mandelbrot powers
The paradox is clearly the result of poor axioms. This is inevitable when mathematicians and scientists stay too far removed from the real world (see the almost complete stalling of physics in the last 50 years)
If geometry started from 0D instead of 1D there wouldn't be a Banach-Tarski paradox. Euclid got Plato's "forms" and "solids" upside-down like 2300 years ago and we still haven't fixed it.
HoTT vs ZFC
1:52 is there at the first point a "(" missing?
No, there's a typo though. The first ")" shouldn't be there
@@AbideByReason ah, ok - thank you! 🙂
A nobel prize isn't the most prestigious science award. It's just the most popular one. Clearly if experimentalists won the prize based on his predictions the he would have done so if proven within his life time. The thing here is that bell should be immortalized as one of the more prominent figures in quantum theory. The prize is irrelevant and has a lot of politics around it.
I amazed myself that I could read that thumbnail math notation.
The full Axiom of Choice is not needed, you can prove the Banach-Tarski Paradox using just the Hahn-Banach theorem, ( ZF+Hahn-Banach). You are going to want Hahn-Banach around for functional analysis and operator algebras, which provide the mathematical foundation of quantum mechanics. It is worth noting that a key object used by the Banach-Tarski Paradox construction is the existence of a free group of rotations with two generators, which requires irrational rotations. The Banach-Tarski paradox is a consequence of the existence of irrational numbers.
Just how is the formula from the thumbnail even syntactically correct?
You don't outright say it, but you seem to be implying that cantor's diagonalization relies on axiom of choice. This is not the case.
I have to say "There is always some way to choose a point", together with the formal way of axiom of choice, is something that does not make any sense to a newbee if you don't illustrate what "way" and "choose" and "A" and "y" mean.
I wouldn't describe Georg Cantor as “Russian-born” not because it's false (he was born in St. Petersburg), but because it's misleading. Cantor was German. His name is German and he published in German, and lived most of his life in Germany.
Technically speaking, to prove Banach-Tarski, you don't need the Foundation Axiom.
At the start of this video and the last one you describe the Banach-Tarski paradox as only requiring splitting the sphere into finitely many parts, but this is not true. I’m guessing you meant infinitely many points?
Shouldn’t you have to measure the surface area of the sphere? The sphere is only the points equidistant from the center, not the points inside the surface
This channel is a hidden gem. This is some of the most thoughtful and well made content I have seen in literal years. Here’s to many more great videos!
Nice video. However, while there's nothing wrong with the conclusions, there are some quite imprecise statements in it (e.g. "at the end of this infinite process" when talking about Cantor's Diagonalization). You don't need to finish the infinite diagonalization, just show that for any member of the set, the diagonal isn't going to match.
There are only two kinds of things: The ones that can be grouped And the ones that can be grouped in a more esoteric way