Abide By Reason
Abide By Reason
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The Mathematician's Measure
Intro to Measure Theory covering Sigma Algebras, Measures, Measurable Spaces, and Measure Spaces.
Related Videos:
The Connection Between Measure Theory, Set Theory, and Banach-Tarski:
th-cam.com/video/SvfATfaL2qc/w-d-xo.html
Banach-Tarski Paradox Explained: th-cam.com/video/R--iM5KbDEg/w-d-xo.html
Intro to Topology: th-cam.com/video/B-Y3-XpAdMU/w-d-xo.html
Intro to Group Theory: th-cam.com/video/5qmsqwxrSLc/w-d-xo.html
References:
Terence Tao, "An Introduction to Measure Theory"
Gerald B. Folland, "Real Analysis: Modern Techniques and Their Applications"
Animations created using Manim: www.manim.community/
มุมมอง: 3 463

วีดีโอ

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Deep in the foundations of mathematics lies a simple axiom that produces one of the strangest paradoxes in history. And a direct consequence of this axiom is that not only are there mathematical sets with zero volume but there are also sets for which it is impossible to assign a meaningful sense of volume. Can all mathematical sets be assigned a meaningful volume? In this video, I will show you...
Math's Weirdest Paradox
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Take a sphere and disassemble it into finely many pieces. The Banach-Tarski Paradox guarantees, by means of a mathematical proof, that you can reassemble the pieces into 2 copies of the exact same, original sphere. How is this possible? Correction: 1:05 Sorry, should be (0, 2pi). See pinned comment for explanation Related Videos: Intro to Topology: th-cam.com/video/B-Y3-XpAdMU/w-d-xo.html Intro...
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ความคิดเห็น

  • @DxrkEditzONG
    @DxrkEditzONG 4 ชั่วโมงที่ผ่านมา

    luv u

  • @harriehausenman8623
    @harriehausenman8623 5 ชั่วโมงที่ผ่านมา

    Fantastic video! Thanks again for the positively-biased visuals (black-on-white) 🤗

    • @AbideByReason
      @AbideByReason ชั่วโมงที่ผ่านมา

      Thanks. Glad you enjoyed it!

  • @john-paulgies4313
    @john-paulgies4313 15 ชั่วโมงที่ผ่านมา

    Clicked on this video bc thumbnail stutters when you scroll on your phone.

  • @ianosborne3101
    @ianosborne3101 17 ชั่วโมงที่ผ่านมา

    These are good videos but they always seem like the end way too early. My advice is to wrap everything up by applying what you have said to what you have shown in the intro. I have no idea what a sigma algebra has to do with the volume of a cube

    • @harriehausenman8623
      @harriehausenman8623 5 ชั่วโมงที่ผ่านมา

      I really don't mind the 'open-end' but I can see how the videos would benefit from it. 👍

  • @KashTheStampede
    @KashTheStampede 21 ชั่วโมงที่ผ่านมา

    Edit: Sorry, I missed the word 'disjoint'. My bad. Good explanation! It does not seem to me that the Dirac measure is a measure on the power set of X. One of the properties that you give for a measure is that the measure of the union of a collection of subsets is the sum of the measures of the sets. Consider the set X = {1,2,3}, and the Dirac measure where the fixed x=1. Now the measure of {1,2} is 1 and the measure of {1,3} is 1. Their union is {1,2,3}, which should be measure 2 by the above property, but is actually 1 by the definition of the Dirac measure.

  • @TheOneMaddin
    @TheOneMaddin 23 ชั่วโมงที่ผ่านมา

    I see you are still learning. But keep it up. The quality is quite high in this video.

  • @HesitantCicada
    @HesitantCicada วันที่ผ่านมา

    Is this still manim? Looks good

    • @AbideByReason
      @AbideByReason 21 ชั่วโมงที่ผ่านมา

      Thanks. Yes, this was all done in Manim!

    • @harriehausenman8623
      @harriehausenman8623 5 ชั่วโมงที่ผ่านมา

      It's 'positive' manim 😉

  • @enricobianchi4499
    @enricobianchi4499 วันที่ผ่านมา

    You should make a followup where you explain how this helps us solve the problem with the cube!

  • @mukinga
    @mukinga วันที่ผ่านมา

    GREAAAT VIDEO KEEP IT UP

  • @QVark-d1o
    @QVark-d1o วันที่ผ่านมา

    Great explanation

  • @VholyIQ
    @VholyIQ วันที่ผ่านมา

    I don't see the connection of any of the algebra with the cube you show at the beginning

    • @JonSebastianF
      @JonSebastianF วันที่ผ่านมา

      Yeah, I have to agree. I kinda don't understand where we started, where we ended, and why we where going there? ':-|

    • @williamgardner1762
      @williamgardner1762 วันที่ผ่านมา

      each v sub n is the volume of a smaller cube in the larger cube. Together adding up to the volume of the bigger cube

    • @icosagram
      @icosagram วันที่ผ่านมา

      ​@@JonSebastianFhe literally said in plain English that you're adding up the volumes of small cubes that combine to form a bigger cube, it's a simple concept

    • @icosagram
      @icosagram วันที่ผ่านมา

      if you understand how addition works you should have no trouble understanding the beginning of the video

    • @srghma
      @srghma วันที่ผ่านมา

      @icosagram and why we need measure?

  • @ganglians
    @ganglians 2 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Infinite chocolate bonbon hack?

  • @fatinestiakrajjo7378
    @fatinestiakrajjo7378 2 วันที่ผ่านมา

    An absolute masterpiece

  • @myasterr
    @myasterr 3 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Part regarding how finite subsets would make it work feels omitted. Worth making a follow up? I would approach it from non-measurability point of view, probably by looking at Vitali set and extending

  • @Max-md2ys
    @Max-md2ys 4 วันที่ผ่านมา

    ill watch your other videos this was great

  • @pratikkawade4861
    @pratikkawade4861 5 วันที่ผ่านมา

    The thumbnail of this video dances in really cool way if you scroll it back and forth. Because the details are really minute and are messing with the rastorisation.

  • @seanspartan2023
    @seanspartan2023 5 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Nice visuals! I've always found Measure Theory to be counterintuitive.

  • @elizathegamer413
    @elizathegamer413 5 วันที่ผ่านมา

    This thumbnail is so trippy when i was scrolling it was moving

  • @gd7163
    @gd7163 6 วันที่ผ่านมา

    At the time 1:15 you say that the map (0,2pi) --> R^2 x |-> (cos(x), sin(x)) « Will give you the whole circle back », how does that include the point (1,0) since 0 and 2pi are not to be mapped?

  • @kaiko2020
    @kaiko2020 6 วันที่ผ่านมา

    This playlist has been so helpful... do you plan on making more? 🥹

    • @AbideByReason
      @AbideByReason 5 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Yes, I do hope to return to this playlist at some point :)

  • @Logic101-PhiUoa
    @Logic101-PhiUoa 7 วันที่ผ่านมา

    It really is a nonsensical axiom and it should not have been accepted (even if the resulting theory turns out to be consistent).

  • @shisuiuchiha6660
    @shisuiuchiha6660 7 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Does this mean, you can reach any point from any other point?

  • @simonwillover4175
    @simonwillover4175 7 วันที่ผ่านมา

    So, which part of the sphere is non-measurable? And why? Like, I can totally cut up an orange and real life and I can definitely always measure every piece I cut out.

    • @irinaseif9691
      @irinaseif9691 7 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Yes you can, but we are cutting the sphere into highly nontrivial impossible "pieces" that you can't make in real life, think of it like disassembling a sphere into fogs of points.

  • @IsZomg
    @IsZomg 7 วันที่ผ่านมา

    A surface is not an infinite collection of points. A line is not an infinite collection of points. You can see this because a surface has an area but the area of a point is zero. Zero times infinity is still just zero.

  • @Estudo-l8v
    @Estudo-l8v 7 วันที่ผ่านมา

    I'm having trouble understanding the second criterion. Could you clarify what you mean by "orbit"?

  • @baltazarcortez7328
    @baltazarcortez7328 8 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Did he really need a million dollars? He’s right next to Pythagoras in history. Let that sink in.

  • @thomassynths
    @thomassynths 9 วันที่ผ่านมา

    And yet people still accept ZFC. So sad that people are obsessed with an axiom set that induces paradoxical results.

  • @markvincentordiz
    @markvincentordiz 10 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Lottery

  • @VaraNiN
    @VaraNiN 10 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Great video and awesome animations! Subscribed!

  • @cm5754
    @cm5754 10 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Maybe pointed out already but there is a y missing in the formula of the thumbnail

  • @simoneverodimarrow
    @simoneverodimarrow 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Set theory is beautiful 🚪

  • @channel_abii
    @channel_abii 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Mandelbrot powers

  • @TravisWadman
    @TravisWadman 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

    The paradox is clearly the result of poor axioms. This is inevitable when mathematicians and scientists stay too far removed from the real world (see the almost complete stalling of physics in the last 50 years)

  • @ready1fire1aim1
    @ready1fire1aim1 12 วันที่ผ่านมา

    If geometry started from 0D instead of 1D there wouldn't be a Banach-Tarski paradox. Euclid got Plato's "forms" and "solids" upside-down like 2300 years ago and we still haven't fixed it.

  • @quantumsoul3495
    @quantumsoul3495 13 วันที่ผ่านมา

    HoTT vs ZFC

  • @Komprimat1111
    @Komprimat1111 13 วันที่ผ่านมา

    1:52 is there at the first point a "(" missing?

    • @AbideByReason
      @AbideByReason 12 วันที่ผ่านมา

      No, there's a typo though. The first ")" shouldn't be there

    • @Komprimat1111
      @Komprimat1111 12 วันที่ผ่านมา

      @@AbideByReason ah, ok - thank you! 🙂

  • @KAIZORIANEMPIRE
    @KAIZORIANEMPIRE 13 วันที่ผ่านมา

    A nobel prize isn't the most prestigious science award. It's just the most popular one. Clearly if experimentalists won the prize based on his predictions the he would have done so if proven within his life time. The thing here is that bell should be immortalized as one of the more prominent figures in quantum theory. The prize is irrelevant and has a lot of politics around it.

  • @gljames24
    @gljames24 13 วันที่ผ่านมา

    I amazed myself that I could read that thumbnail math notation.

  • @souldog1971
    @souldog1971 13 วันที่ผ่านมา

    The full Axiom of Choice is not needed, you can prove the Banach-Tarski Paradox using just the Hahn-Banach theorem, ( ZF+Hahn-Banach). You are going to want Hahn-Banach around for functional analysis and operator algebras, which provide the mathematical foundation of quantum mechanics. It is worth noting that a key object used by the Banach-Tarski Paradox construction is the existence of a free group of rotations with two generators, which requires irrational rotations. The Banach-Tarski paradox is a consequence of the existence of irrational numbers.

  • @ToguMrewuku
    @ToguMrewuku 13 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Just how is the formula from the thumbnail even syntactically correct?

  • @jrkirby93
    @jrkirby93 14 วันที่ผ่านมา

    You don't outright say it, but you seem to be implying that cantor's diagonalization relies on axiom of choice. This is not the case.

  • @kyspace1024
    @kyspace1024 14 วันที่ผ่านมา

    I have to say "There is always some way to choose a point", together with the formal way of axiom of choice, is something that does not make any sense to a newbee if you don't illustrate what "way" and "choose" and "A" and "y" mean.

  • @Bolpat
    @Bolpat 14 วันที่ผ่านมา

    I wouldn't describe Georg Cantor as “Russian-born” not because it's false (he was born in St. Petersburg), but because it's misleading. Cantor was German. His name is German and he published in German, and lived most of his life in Germany.

  • @Bolpat
    @Bolpat 14 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Technically speaking, to prove Banach-Tarski, you don't need the Foundation Axiom.

  • @pug_gamer137
    @pug_gamer137 14 วันที่ผ่านมา

    At the start of this video and the last one you describe the Banach-Tarski paradox as only requiring splitting the sphere into finitely many parts, but this is not true. I’m guessing you meant infinitely many points?

  • @Ben-sx6ew
    @Ben-sx6ew 14 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Shouldn’t you have to measure the surface area of the sphere? The sphere is only the points equidistant from the center, not the points inside the surface

  • @InternetCrusader-rb7ls
    @InternetCrusader-rb7ls 15 วันที่ผ่านมา

    This channel is a hidden gem. This is some of the most thoughtful and well made content I have seen in literal years. Here’s to many more great videos!

  • @DavidBeaumont
    @DavidBeaumont 15 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Nice video. However, while there's nothing wrong with the conclusions, there are some quite imprecise statements in it (e.g. "at the end of this infinite process" when talking about Cantor's Diagonalization). You don't need to finish the infinite diagonalization, just show that for any member of the set, the diagonal isn't going to match.

  • @Luixxxd1
    @Luixxxd1 15 วันที่ผ่านมา

    There are only two kinds of things: The ones that can be grouped And the ones that can be grouped in a more esoteric way