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Battery revenues fall 33% in May!
In this video, Zach explores why average battery revenues in Great Britain fell by 33% to £39k/MW/year, and how some batteries found new strategies to beat this figure by 85%.
To read the article, click here: modoenergy.com/research
Access the platform here: www.modoenergy.com/
Follow our LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/company/modo-energy/
มุมมอง: 65

วีดีโอ

What is a battery tolling agreement?
มุมมอง 1072 ชั่วโมงที่ผ่านมา
In this video, Ed explains the three different agreements between battery owners and optimisers. To read the article, click here: modoenergy.com/research Access the platform here: www.modoenergy.com/ Follow our LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/company/modo-energy/
ESG in battery storage supply - Transmission (Sarah Montgomery: CEO & Co-Founder at Infyos)
มุมมอง 2092 ชั่วโมงที่ผ่านมา
In today's increasingly transparent world, there is no excuse for turning a blind eye to the issues that in reality are apparent at many levels of many industrial supply chains. Embracing best practices for Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) standards is not only ethically responsible but can also offer a significant competitive advantage in the global battery industry. However, naviga...
Balancing Reserve: How are batteries using the service to maximise revenue?
มุมมอง 13616 ชั่วโมงที่ผ่านมา
It's been 10 weeks since the launch of balancing reserve. This is the first reserve service to have widespread participation from batteries. So let's dive into how the market's evolving. To read the article, click here: modoenergy.com/research/balancing-reserve-battery-energy-storage-revenue-may-2024-gb-benchmark Access the platform here: www.modoenergy.com/ Follow our LinkedIn: www.linkedin.co...
ERCOT: Benchmark battery energy storage revenues in real-time
มุมมอง 8119 ชั่วโมงที่ผ่านมา
Real-time revenue tracking for ERCOT batteries starts now. No more delays. ERCOT publishes its Market Disclosure data 60 days after the fact. So, right now, you can only see actual confirmed revenues through the end of March. And this is fine, if you want to assess historical performance. But it's pretty useless if you’re trying to benchmark your battery’s revenues closer to real-time. So, we’v...
Modo Selects: Building BESS in the US with Louis Caso
มุมมอง 30819 ชั่วโมงที่ผ่านมา
The Inflation Reduction Act or ‘IRA’, is turbocharging the buildout of domestic renewable energy solutions in the USA. Until recently, the focus on homegrown battery build-out has been on EV batteries, but the tides are changing as the need for grid-scale energy storage projects is gaining momentum. Pomega Energy Storage Technologies USA is in the race to be first to market to provide it all - ...
Generation TNUoS: How does it work?
มุมมอง 147วันที่ผ่านมา
In this video, Joe explains how Generation TNUoS are calculated, and how batteries in different regions are impacted by them. To read the article, click here: modoenergy.com/research/may-24-generation-tnuos-explainer-annual-load-factor-wider-tariff-locational-battery-energy-storage-revenues Access the platform here: www.modoenergy.com/ Follow our LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/company/modo-energy/
Can the ‘30-minute rule’ fuel battery energy storage revenues?
มุมมอง 11514 วันที่ผ่านมา
To read the article, click here: modoenergy.com/research Access the platform here: www.modoenergy.com/ Follow our LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/company/modo-energy/ The ESO introduced the 30-minute rule for batteries in the balancing mechanism in March 2024. This is an update to the 15-minute rule and effectively means that batteries can be used for longer than before. Following this change, the a...
ERCOT: Revenues up 56% for battery energy storage systems
มุมมอง 16614 วันที่ผ่านมา
Battery energy storage revenues in ERCOT are up 56% from this time last year. Between January 1st and May 10th 2024, battery revenues averaged over $26,000/MW. On Thursday May 30th, Modo Energy will launch its BESS Index “nowcast” - as part of our Benchmarking Pro ERCOT products. Subscribers will be able to stay up to date with the latest estimated battery energy storage revenues. This 56% year...
Ask Modo: Mailbag episode #1 (Transmission)
มุมมอง 14614 วันที่ผ่านมา
Ask Modo: Mailbag episode #1 (Transmission)
ERCOT Battery Energy Storage Buildout Report: 14 GW by 2026
มุมมอง 10414 วันที่ผ่านมา
ERCOT Battery Energy Storage Buildout Report: 14 GW by 2026
How quickly do battery energy storage systems participated in ERCOT services?
มุมมอง 12714 วันที่ผ่านมา
How quickly do battery energy storage systems participated in ERCOT services?
Texas Energy System 101 - The Energy Academy: ERCOT
มุมมอง 87414 วันที่ผ่านมา
Texas Energy System 101 - The Energy Academy: ERCOT
Skipped battery actions cost £24 million in 2023
มุมมอง 9321 วันที่ผ่านมา
Skipped battery actions cost £24 million in 2023
Carbon capture, utilization and storage - Transmission (Olivia Powis : CCS Association)
มุมมอง 16021 วันที่ผ่านมา
Carbon capture, utilization and storage - Transmission (Olivia Powis : CCS Association)
ERCOT: Battery energy storage (probably) earned $5k/MW on May 8th
มุมมอง 21921 วันที่ผ่านมา
ERCOT: Battery energy storage (probably) earned $5k/MW on May 8th
What battery's are coming online in Great Britain by the end of 2027?
มุมมอง 13928 วันที่ผ่านมา
What battery's are coming online in Great Britain by the end of 2027?
Building a global energy storage fund - Transmission (Alex O'Cinneide - Gore Street Capital)
มุมมอง 61228 วันที่ผ่านมา
Building a global energy storage fund - Transmission (Alex O'Cinneide - Gore Street Capital)
How Modo Energy's ERCOT BESS Index can supercharge your analysis
มุมมอง 100หลายเดือนก่อน
How Modo Energy's ERCOT BESS Index can supercharge your analysis
ERCOT: What did battery energy storage revenues look like in January and February 2024?
มุมมอง 170หลายเดือนก่อน
ERCOT: What did battery energy storage revenues look like in January and February 2024?
GB Battery revenues increase by 33% in April 2024
มุมมอง 151หลายเดือนก่อน
GB Battery revenues increase by 33% in April 2024
Who are the biggest BESS suppliers in Great Britain?
มุมมอง 218หลายเดือนก่อน
Who are the biggest BESS suppliers in Great Britain?
The state of storage in ERCOT - Transmission (Brandt Vermillion - Modo Energy)
มุมมอง 426หลายเดือนก่อน
The state of storage in ERCOT - Transmission (Brandt Vermillion - Modo Energy)
What you'll learn in The Energy Academy: ERCOT (The Energy Academy: ERCOT - E0)
มุมมอง 851หลายเดือนก่อน
What you'll learn in The Energy Academy: ERCOT (The Energy Academy: ERCOT - E0)
Negative power prices: How location impacted battery revenue
มุมมอง 168หลายเดือนก่อน
Negative power prices: How location impacted battery revenue
GB BESS: Q1 2024 in review
มุมมอง 111หลายเดือนก่อน
GB BESS: Q1 2024 in review
Young energy professionals in a net zero workforce - Transmission ( Saima Rasool & Sandy Kelly)
มุมมอง 227หลายเดือนก่อน
Young energy professionals in a net zero workforce - Transmission ( Saima Rasool & Sandy Kelly)
ERCOT: How much do battery energy storage systems earn per cycle?
มุมมอง 273หลายเดือนก่อน
ERCOT: How much do battery energy storage systems earn per cycle?
Battery storage optimization in ERCOT - Transmission (Mike Kirschner : Habitat Energy)
มุมมอง 766หลายเดือนก่อน
Battery storage optimization in ERCOT - Transmission (Mike Kirschner : Habitat Energy)
Co-location: What is the impact on battery revenues?
มุมมอง 301หลายเดือนก่อน
Co-location: What is the impact on battery revenues?

ความคิดเห็น

  • @vishnuvikash5194
    @vishnuvikash5194 วันที่ผ่านมา

    My top two podcast speakers!

  • @hassankhalili4457
    @hassankhalili4457 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Your videos are amazing, move on man.

  • @onuhagbonika271
    @onuhagbonika271 2 วันที่ผ่านมา

    ❤ many thanks

  • @onuhagbonika271
    @onuhagbonika271 2 วันที่ผ่านมา

  • @onuhagbonika271
    @onuhagbonika271 2 วันที่ผ่านมา

  • @onuhagbonika271
    @onuhagbonika271 2 วันที่ผ่านมา

  • @onuhagbonika271
    @onuhagbonika271 2 วันที่ผ่านมา

  • @onuhagbonika271
    @onuhagbonika271 2 วันที่ผ่านมา

  • @onuhagbonika271
    @onuhagbonika271 2 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Well done 👏 ✔️ Neil

  • @alexander8908
    @alexander8908 3 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Spot on for recognising dual function that an energy storage could serve within the grid system (locations of where these batteries are placed along the grid transmission are important) : 1) To Prevent Congestion or Curtailment ; Usually placed close to source of generation, >10hrs of energy storage duration req'd, This battery could register more carbon offset value than the other one. 2) To Balance Electricity Market ; Cushion out negative prices, <10hrs of energy storage duration is sufficient, This battery help traders bid & respond more accurately on half hourly basis to avoid penalty of liquidity deliverable misses. Seems like LDES market potentials are growing as we understand more of its possible functions.

  • @glx484
    @glx484 4 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Would be more interesting if at least some tough questions were asked, like at 6:00: so just like that they just decided to build their own cells? Isn’t that a bit naive? And later… Based in Istanbul, OK, does currency devaluation not weaken their business?

    • @modoenergy
      @modoenergy 2 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Hi, this is really useful feedback thank you, we'll take it on board for future podcasts - we definitely aim to challenge guests with questions but can always do better!

  • @yousifhela
    @yousifhela 8 วันที่ผ่านมา

    well done thank you.

  • @ArvindDhiman-bs6dj
    @ArvindDhiman-bs6dj 9 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Host, You got a such lovely and sounding voice. I love it..

  • @vishnuvikash5194
    @vishnuvikash5194 14 วันที่ผ่านมา

    This is a great podcast! This is a right dose for any one that wants to understand the current energy market and still being able to understand every little detail. Worth it!!

  • @alexander8908
    @alexander8908 15 วันที่ผ่านมา

    You're right, Wind Turbine renewables has no Short Run Marginal Cost. Thus electricity sold via wind generation ought to Break-Even quicker (to R.o.I. profit level) than any other source of electricity generations. You guys are lucky to have a Renewable Energy 'buffet table' nearby like the North Sea, and by Merit Order wind renewables should be deployed first to customers prior to other source of electricity generations.

  • @gigemags1991
    @gigemags1991 15 วันที่ผ่านมา

    I work for a QSE in ERCOT and enjoy watching your videos. Well explained and informative. This is probably the first TH-cam channel out there where the average people that not involved in the energy sector can learn how an energy grid works. I am going to direct a new hire at our company to watch your ERCOT series.

  • @hylandmarkle4050
    @hylandmarkle4050 16 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Super awesome and informative. Much appreciated ! It would be super cool to get an overview on the Interconnection Agreement process in ERCOT and other markets

  • @afmatix
    @afmatix 17 วันที่ผ่านมา

    I’m new in the industry and this is very helpful to understand the workings. Thank you. Subscribed and will be waiting for more ercot material.

  • @vishnuvikash5194
    @vishnuvikash5194 17 วันที่ผ่านมา

    This is great!

  • @sid959595
    @sid959595 17 วันที่ผ่านมา

    This is great! Please keep this series going!

    • @modoenergy
      @modoenergy 17 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Thank you Siddharth!

  • @IOSALive
    @IOSALive 18 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Modo Energy, You're awesome! Let's be friends and play together!

  • @omara2248
    @omara2248 18 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Thanks for the clear explanation 👍🏼 what would be the capacity and cost of such a battery to generate these revenues ? Thank you

  • @Drakelett
    @Drakelett 22 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Love this! Re 9:44, where can I learn more about the simplifications and assumptions to improve my understanding?

  • @sunildeshpande6570
    @sunildeshpande6570 22 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Thanks to both of you. Excellent review of existing and future trends in BESS.

  • @PhillipHomer
    @PhillipHomer 22 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Given this is aimed at absolute beginners, I feel a discussion along the lines of, 10MW for 2h and 5MW for 4h both result in 20MWh of consumption/generation, would have been useful.

  • @MauritzvandenWorm
    @MauritzvandenWorm 24 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Great series! I would like to see some more fleshed out videos on each of these topics though.

  • @adamrugen1850
    @adamrugen1850 25 วันที่ผ่านมา

    No update to this? I'd love to hear how they're doing vs the FTSE 100 😂😂😂

  • @awaker8256
    @awaker8256 26 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Can reduce the volume of music please

  • @breadb4meat
    @breadb4meat 26 วันที่ผ่านมา

    good vid though.

  • @breadb4meat
    @breadb4meat 26 วันที่ผ่านมา

    can you take a speach class please

  • @breadb4meat
    @breadb4meat 26 วันที่ผ่านมา

    your accent lost me mate.

  • @obiwanbenobi4943
    @obiwanbenobi4943 28 วันที่ผ่านมา

    How do you count the capex for augmentation of degraded batteries?

  • @albinasuikis8636
    @albinasuikis8636 29 วันที่ผ่านมา

    while i like Gore St, i still think theyre just the best of a bad bunch. Alex boasts about capital allocation but the reality is that they have 0 cash left over after the spending spree, just like every other UK BESS operator. so they dont have any money left to invest at these new better yields (and as the guy from Modo highlighted, this means all the BESS operators are now accepting yields far below payback and as Alex mentioned it means they cant raise more funds below NAV - pity this was not explored further, how are they going to grow without funding?). GSF spent all of the raised cash at lithum prices of around 6x today's prices - just like HEIT and GRID etc. Alex mentions that BESS has done a great deal for renewables but in truth its probably better to upgrade the grid before introducing so much BESS. if the grid were better connected/interconnected we would have more ability to export/import electricity between regions of a country. this would also allow for batteries to take better advantage of grid imbalances accross larger distances (scotland vs south/ west texas vs north texas). BESS operators should be working with national grid and other grid operators to expand grids (public private partnrships) thus allowing cascading increasing returns (better grids allow for BESS operators to capture arbitrage and imbalances accross larger distances but the grid expansion if paid for by BESS would also yield additional return from e.g. grid operators paying to use it - thats where some of the money should have gone, instead of all on expensive batteries). the BESS world is small minded and short term - they all pile into markets one after the other in a cascade of saturation, rather than actually proposing ways to invest into the grid or work with grid operators to actually make the grid stable long term. the real solution for renewable energy is nuclear, it provides a stable baseload and when you account for the costs of BESS + grid updates required for renewables - nuclear becomes cheaper (especially if nuclear buildout at scale). athough i like that GSF is diversified accross regions, new battery operators will enter all those regions and price out legcy operators like GSF over time unless GSF et. al. are able to raise more funds (assuming there is no other lithium price spike, bess systems will keep getting cheaper over time). fundamentally this is what is the biggest lie told by UK BESS operators - they had opportunities to scale back investment and allow for some capital preservation but every single one decided to continue with the complete investment plan. the worst thing is that there is 0 admission of this and it speaks to the type of people running the funds - after all, they are not accountable in any case - so why not tell the truth. Alex dances around NAV and seems to suggest its something other than a DCF (it isnt). the alternative to NAV he suggests is not really an alternative (using different revenue curves - which would be just another opinion). an alternative way to value GSF et. al. is to look at what price would these assets sell for in the private market - however Alex is far too intelligent to suggest any such alternative valuation methods. the hope is that massive renewable investment in ercot/CAISO keeps margins high in the usa. in the UK we wont have increasing revenues until interconnectors are in place (scotland to south) and some form of regional pricing is established (its absolutely rational for ESO to skip batteries since using batteries increases renewable penetration by tiny % while increasing costs substantially - for now). once these are in place, it makes sense for batteries to balance the grid and get paid for it since that would actually drive a significant increase in % renewables penetration. ireland will eventually move away from DS3 probably in 2027 and of course competition will increase - so revenues will certainly drop there since its not like ercot or CAISO where massive increases in renewable penetration are still to come online. all this can be used to calculate steady state values for the revenue curves, which are clearly still too optimistic (lets remove opinion from NAV and revenue curves - and use recent data and factual conclusions, and then maybe the GSF anagement fees would be worth the money). Long term i believe the picture is actually great (2030 onwards) because of larger energy demands (ai, datacenters) and expanded renewables/grids. However the spoils may go to companies starting up in 2028 rather than the likes of GSF (assuming battery energy stoprage is even long term viable). the big hope is that rates go down or GSF can somehow fund new projects (e.g. in partnership with pension funds or similar) but pension funds may not like the volatile nature of bess revnues. so its now up to Alex and co to show how good they are at managing capital and investment going forward. I do believe that he is capable of that and of attracting more investment for new projects and thats why i do own some shares.

  • @anticarrrot
    @anticarrrot หลายเดือนก่อน

    Imagine ERCOT as a vast and intricate web of corruption and bribes, ensuring our owners can make a few percent extra profit by not spending money on pointless things, like grid resilience, cold weather protection, or interconnection standards. So what if it sometimes kills a lot of people? We'll just blame windmills, and then put out a meaningless youtube video complaining about how hard our job is, and how the repeated failures of our own network are definitely not our fault, and its so mean and unfair when people hold us accountable for our wilful negligence. This situation was brought to you by Corporate Greed, Science Denial, Republican Politicians, and Voters like you...

  • @Joe-zz3vx
    @Joe-zz3vx หลายเดือนก่อน

    Looking forward to this. Thanks Brandt

    • @modoenergy
      @modoenergy หลายเดือนก่อน

      We hope you like it!

  • @jchidley
    @jchidley หลายเดือนก่อน

    This sounds nuts. I'm going to see what the latest status is. Why wouldn't Morocco just connect southern Europe (i.e. Spain). There's interconnectors within Europe (Viking Link is the newest for the UK, I think)

  • @jayp913
    @jayp913 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Good post and what a shame there are so few views. I am a Rippler if that’s a thing? Sarah strikes me as genuine and on a mission! Thank you.

    • @modoenergy
      @modoenergy หลายเดือนก่อน

      Thanks and glad you enjoyed it! Agree this is one of our favourite episodes, Sarah was a great guest

  • @sivagnanamsanniasi6188
    @sivagnanamsanniasi6188 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Simply superb

  • @Thomas_Switchgrid
    @Thomas_Switchgrid หลายเดือนก่อน

    This series is really helpful. Electricty markets are quite complex, and your explanation is quite simple. Thank you.

  • @SamsungGalaxy-ls8ys
    @SamsungGalaxy-ls8ys หลายเดือนก่อน

    This is making electricity production more expensive so that makes it less efficient.

  • @silaskatuhamye2725
    @silaskatuhamye2725 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Wow, great Podcast. Interesting insight on developing such a project. Thanks

  • @usefulname7134
    @usefulname7134 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Another really brilliant podcast, it is great to hear about the complexities and challenges from the different markets. On the podcast series so far, in terms of flow battery systems, we have had talks with Vanadium and Zinc Bromide flow system providers. Would it be possible to hear from ESS inc? They have a an Iron Salt based technology, potentially I have missed this talk if it has already been done, but it would be interesting to hear further about this technology in the US market. Thank you

    • @modoenergy
      @modoenergy หลายเดือนก่อน

      Glad you enjoyed the episode! We actually had an episode with ESS Inc back in 2022, you can find it here th-cam.com/video/c4r39ibWpVc/w-d-xo.html

    • @usefulname7134
      @usefulname7134 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@modoenergy Perfect, I’ll check it out, thank you

  • @agritech802
    @agritech802 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thanks for a great interview, we're setting up a community owned 5MW solar farm here in Ireland so it was great to hear about Ripple Energy which has given us a good few tips and some inspiration🙂

    • @modoenergy
      @modoenergy หลายเดือนก่อน

      Glad you find the podcast insightful! It's one of my personal favourites, Sarah was a great guest Wendel

  • @libo8318
    @libo8318 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thanks for sharing! Would love to see more ! ❤

  • @libo8318
    @libo8318 หลายเดือนก่อน

    So informative, thx for this. Please keep it going

  • @user-qs3mh4pp3b
    @user-qs3mh4pp3b หลายเดือนก่อน

    Gravitricity concept to store energy and use the energy for greed stability is a great idea or let say it is great project because the demonstration concept has proved 80% efficiency on energy regeneration. If the project will be designed for 500 tonne heavy body and shaft 600 m deep then potential energy stored on heavy body is 0.8175 MWh which with 80% efficiency will deliver on the greed only 0.654 MWh (probably on 11 sec or more if the system will be slowed. t=SQRT(h*2/g)). If the heavy body 500 tonne will be lifted again from the shaft, the energy needed is 0.981 MWh accepting the efficiency 80%. So Graviticity projects indeed are only to stabilize the greed to avoid any blackout. As can be seen from data if gravitricity will be used multiple time, then the lifting will get more energy from the greed, probably will get 1.5 time more energy than will return to the greed. As for energy storing underground on mine shafts using green H2, this technically may be achieved, and 100 tonne H2 on a shaft 9 m diameter and 600 m deep the hydrogen must be compressed 30 times, so it is possible if the shaft will be hermetic. However to produce these 100 tonne H2 at least will be used 5.5 GWh green electricity. If green H2 will be used to regenerate electricity for consumers, it is probable that 1.47 GWh electricity will be produced, so efficiency is 27% or lower. If investors will be happy with these ball point estimates this will save some renewable energies, but the cost will be very high. Real solution on solving energy security and abundance is Gravity potential energy combined with Levitation which can use multiple times the heavy solid blocks during the day. On these case a solid block 500 tonne at 600 meter high may be lifted 100 times during 24 hr and generate 65 MWh or more every day. A demonstration model for levitation-gravity energy generation (garage model) after proved the concept is destroyed for security reasons. No intention to file for Patents, but possible partner with government and strategic investors.

  • @gypsor1
    @gypsor1 หลายเดือนก่อน

    thanks for the 'explanation'. i understand 'everything' now

  • @usefulname7134
    @usefulname7134 หลายเดือนก่อน

    In this instance I can see why the battery storage can be disadvantaged during high renewable output. In this video co-location is both the solar asset and battery asset sharing the grid connection, with the graphic only showing export from each. But coordination between both assets, eg. an additional DC coupling to the storage could still bring favourable gains? Eg. 1.Time shifting 2.Coordinating grid load balancing, absorb excess solar. 3. Storage partake in ancillary services 4. Coordinating market participation. Does Modo see less collaboration for single grid connection projects resulting in fewer returns? Should there be coordination between renewable generators and storage in this space? Or is there regulatory issues hindering this in the UK? Eg. Metering complexity. Thank you

    • @modoenergy
      @modoenergy หลายเดือนก่อน

      Hi, Thanks for the questions on this topic. You’re certainly right that DC-coupling to the storage can result in revenue increases, rather than the decreases we present here for an AC-coupled site. From our analysis, this benefit occurs when the renewable capacity is oversized compared to the inverter capacity - which can be the case at solar sites to maximize load factors. Here, the battery can charge with power from the solar at peak times that would otherwise be ‘clipped’ and wasted as heat so the inverter is not overloaded. In terms of the ‘time-shifting’ element, this is a question of accounting. The battery can certainly charge with power from the solar when wholesale prices are low, and resell this power when prices in the wholesale market are higher. However, the net result of this to revenues is no different from if a standalone battery bought this cheap power on the wholesale market - as you need to account for the opportunity cost of the solar not selling this power. Aside from revenues, from a grid-balancing perspective - it would always make sense to install storage alongside renewable generation, to smooth out supply and demand and to manage local transmission constraints. Co-located batteries can still partake in ancillary services, but due to the contracts associated with these services, revenues here are likely to be more impacted than wholesale trading. One of the biggest barriers to co-location that we came across was project financing, particularly where storage is being added to an existing site - due to the different project financing structures of solar and storage and the shared grid connection impacting revenues differently. As far as we’re aware, metering is not a significant technical issue. I hope this helps - any other questions, then please let us know! Thanks, Joe.

    • @usefulname7134
      @usefulname7134 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@modoenergy I'm very grateful for your comprehensive replies. That is very helpful, Thank you

  • @ballievlogs5515
    @ballievlogs5515 หลายเดือนก่อน

    easy