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The Archaeologist's Laboratory
Canada
เข้าร่วมเมื่อ 8 ก.ย. 2020
Videos on this channel cover activities that archaeologists carry out in the lab or fieldwork, as well as tips for archaeology grad students and young professionals. Topics range from lab health and safety, care and handling of artifacts, and making measurements on stone tools, pottery, metal, bone and shell artifacts, to plant and animal remains, geoarchaeology, stratigraphy, radiocarbon dating, artifact classification, artifact illustration, and landscape archaeology. Many of the videos complement my book, The Archaeologist's Laboratory (Springer, 2020) and were originally prepared for students in my course at University of Toronto. Since then, I've been adding material on other topics, including archaeological survey, pseudoarchaeology, thesis-writing and professional development for archaeology grad students, numismatics, and historical archaeology. I hope soon to start a series on historical walks in Toronto (likely in summer of 2024).
Looney Runes: Hoaxes or Proof of Viking Penetrations of the Mississippi Basin?
Two of the most widely acknowledged runic inscriptions in the Americas - in Oklahoma and Minnesota - would appear to indicate that Vikings explored inland North America long before 1500. How likely is it that they're real?
Jackson Crawford provides a really good analysis of the linguistic aspects of the Kensington Runestone here: th-cam.com/video/aWvRtlyTaUc/w-d-xo.html
For information on Pentadic numerals:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentadic_numerals
00:10 Introduction
01:59 The Heavener Runestone
04:47 The Kensington Runestone
06:04 Evidence that the KRS is fake
06:32 The Kensington Stone's Discoverer, Olaf Ohman
07:17 Linguistic Problems with the KRS
09:32 Problems with the 1362 Date
10:32 Conclusions
12:56 Closing Credits
#runes #vikings #history #archaeology
Jackson Crawford provides a really good analysis of the linguistic aspects of the Kensington Runestone here: th-cam.com/video/aWvRtlyTaUc/w-d-xo.html
For information on Pentadic numerals:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentadic_numerals
00:10 Introduction
01:59 The Heavener Runestone
04:47 The Kensington Runestone
06:04 Evidence that the KRS is fake
06:32 The Kensington Stone's Discoverer, Olaf Ohman
07:17 Linguistic Problems with the KRS
09:32 Problems with the 1362 Date
10:32 Conclusions
12:56 Closing Credits
#runes #vikings #history #archaeology
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Giza and the Speed of Light
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Gary Osborne and others argue that the builders of Khufu's Great Pyramid at Giza intentionally encoded the speed of light in it by its latitude. Does that make sense?
Counting MNI
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A brief review of 3 ways to count Minimum Number of Individuals in Zooarchaeology #shorts #MNI
Archival Tricks with Ancestry's Genealogy Tools
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Thousands of people, including Historical Archaeologists, use Ancestry and similar platforms to research people of the past 250 years or so. But sometimes there are obstacles that make these searches unproductive. Here I provide some tips on how to get around those obstacles to find the more elusive individuals or families. Here are some useful links (note that some of them require paid subscri...
The Archaeology Job Interview
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Your first interview for an academic job in archaeology might have you in panic mode. Here I give you some tips on what to expect and how to plan for a successful interview. 00:05 Intro 00:54 Conference Interviews 02:29 Online (Zoom) Interviews 03:18 Campus Visit 05:34 Do Your Homework 06:03 The Job Talk 06:50 The Formal Interview 07:32 After the Campus Visit 08:12 Credits #archaeology #profess...
Publish or Perish: What to do with your Archaeology Paper
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Deciding how and where to publish your archaeological research can be very tricky. Here I provide tips on some of the things you should be thinking about when you make that decision. Here are some links you may find useful: Directory of Open Access Journals - doaj.org/ Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) - publicationethics.org/ OOIR Archeology rankings - ooir.org/journals.php?field=social s...
Archaeology and Climate Change
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Archaeology has a long history of explaining past cultural and economic changes by the impacts of climate change, but this has become increasingly common in the last two decades. It is important to understand the evidence for these climate changes as well as evidence for the links between them and the cultural disturbances they are purported to have caused. Simply "cherry-picking" ancient cultu...
Giving Archaeological Conference Talks
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A key aspect of professional development in archaeology is preparing and presenting papers at academic and professional conferences. In this video, I offer eight tips on things that can either weaken your presentation on make it very compelling. Chapters Intro 00:12 Powerpoint 1:04 Tip 1 - Templates 01:45 Tip 2 - Too much text 03:27 Tip 3 - Too small text 06:21 Tip 4 - To read or not to read 06...
Writing That PhD Thesis
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Get through the thesis-writing process more quickly and efficiently. #archaeology #phd #professionaldevelopment #writing #tips
The Archaeologist’s Laboratory Trailer 2024
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A fun little trailer to announce some of the topics I'll try to cover in videos in 2024.
The "Handbags" of Göbekli Tepe
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Many comments on my previous video on Göbekli Tepe centered on three enigmatic symbols at the top of Pillar 43, the "Vulture Pillar." Given the interest, I produced this video to discuss the potential significance of these images, and to present an interpretation of them that I originally offered in an article in 2011. Here's a link to that article: www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/66...
Who Built Göbekli Tepe?
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The conventional view is that hunter-gatherers from a wide region built Göbekli Tepe when they converged there for seasonal rituals, but some people claim that they would not have had the technology or know-how to accomplish that. This has led to fanciful claims that Göbekli Tepe's builders were disciples of some lost Pleistocene civilization, or even extraterrestrials. However, the most plausi...
The Archaeology of Inequality
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A lot of archaeological work focuses on the origins of social and economic inequality, which is deeply connected to the origins of state societies. This video explores some of the background of this kind of work, including kinds of inequality, kinds of wealth and their relationship to early currency, and the ways that land differences, redistribution, livestock raising, and warfare can contribu...
Early "Field Archaeology" - The Roots of Landscape Archaeology
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Early "Field Archaeology" - The Roots of Landscape Archaeology
Archaeological Dating: How Well Does it Work?
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Archaeological Dating: How Well Does it Work?
Hassunan Husking Trays: An Experimental Approach
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Hassunan Husking Trays: An Experimental Approach
University of Toronto On-Campus Field Methods Course, 2021
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University of Toronto On-Campus Field Methods Course, 2021
Settlement Patterns: An Introduction to Site Pattern Analysis in Archaeology
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Settlement Patterns: An Introduction to Site Pattern Analysis in Archaeology
Archaeological Survey II: Factors Affecting Survey
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Archaeological Survey II: Factors Affecting Survey
Colonial Coinage: An Archaeologist's Guide to the Coins and Tokens of British North America
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Colonial Coinage: An Archaeologist's Guide to the Coins and Tokens of British North America
Effective Archaeological Graphs and Tables
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Effective Archaeological Graphs and Tables
Errors and Uncertainty in Archaeological Measurements
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Errors and Uncertainty in Archaeological Measurements
I think they were purses used to carry aromatic herbs and spices to mask body odor in social situations just as the flower baskets women carried in the old west
Put down the rock and grab an antler.
I just finished watching another video about these stone pillars and what those images with the little animals on them, the bound sheaf image just below them and the particular animals below that. The hypothesis is that the animals represent a season of the year. Now, you might say, so what? Well, I come from a family of Kansas dry land wheat farmers. There are two times to plant wheat in every calendar year. We see there are 3 bag like images, 2 have clear little animals on them and there seems to be something on the bag to the right, but it isn't as clear. Any guesses about that? If it's a human, does than then indicate the best season for humans to procreate? Could it be that the larger animal images are representative of the four seasons, and the little animals including a human are an instruction to plant during that season? More, a basket like that can be made of leather and can carry water or, with punctures in the bottom, spread seed.
Extraterrestrials have been interacting with earth for as long as humans (and other races) have been here. It is the height of stupidity to believe that we are 'alone' in the universe. There are hundreds of thousands of inhabited planets just in our galaxy. But those in control of the planet, who would control us as well, do you with mind control, and the biggest psyop that has been perpetrated against us, is that there are no extraterrestrials. The Altantians were an interstellar culture.
The original bag contained the cone seeds from the Tree of Life in the Garden of Eden. This extraterrestrial tree bloomed flower clusters used as ornaments on their wrists. The seeds gave Adam and Eve and their offspring eternal life until they fell out of grace, severing the celestial energy current the seed contained and terminating their extended life. Their descendants carried on the tradition of the bag of seeds as they populated the world and created new kingdoms. Queen Elizabeth held the exact-shaped bag wherever she went and in her portrait.
Those bags contained a stylus for writing characters onto clay, a stylus, a cylinder clay roll as a Notary Seal, an Insignia Ring with a persons signature or sign, some moist clay, wax, strips of ribbon made from silk, fabric or woven wool and a letter seal stamp in clay to seal any message on papyrus or on clay. And they may have also carried deeds of sale, titles, grants and legal notices. Satraps and Kings, politicians or elites all carried them for passing of secure conscription. At Gobekli they are representing three nations descending from Japheth, Ham and Shem.
My first guess was buildings. The little animals are suggestive.
Would the process of charring seeds/wood to be able to compare them with chard seeds/wood found in an archaeological site be Experimental archaeology? or maybe this would be called experimental Archaeobotany? sorry if that's a silly question😅
It's not a silly question, but I would not call that experimental archaeology. It's just a way to prepare the reference materials to make them more comparable to the archaeological specimens. Experiments are meant to explore research questions. In the context of archaeobotany, for example, you might conduct experiments to explore what factors affect the survivability of different kinds of plant remains in different kinds of soils.
Very well presented, it’s a very balanced view. It could also be that the wheat growing underneath the baskets is what’s needed to make the baskets. That’s why it’s directly underneath growing. Although it would make more sense to have the baskets with wheat carved into them, I think showing the process of how to makes them was more important.
Water buckets...there is fire under the buckets too...they are cooking soups...
Answer to thumbnail question: A lost ancient warrior faction of Smurfs. (they were red, not blue)
Fuckit, they're buckets!
I don't like the dismissive attitude. Bailed.
I do know most of time they show up in a god like king or god hand like that but there is only one I've seen of a god having two of them but never seen three in one spot 🤔
So.... villagers with stone chisels could do it.... but it would take a really long time. FFS
The tepians. They were so sophisticated that they had no grasp of writing for tepes sake, as the sumerians did 5.000 years later.
One of the biggest lies is the Christopher Columbus story. If he even existed he certainly didnt "discover" anything that wasnt already inhabited.
Every "expert" never even mentions the possibility of Vikings sailing through Hudson & James Bays, whereby accessing interior lakes and rivers well into what is now Canada.
Yes, I forgot to mention that one. It's the theory of author, Farley Mowat, but he based it largely on the assumption that the "Beardmore relics" (a Viking sword, axe and possible shield handle) were a genuine find in northern Ontario. However, the son of their "discoverer" later testified, in a sworn statement, that his father found the relics in the basement of a house in Port Arthur formerly occupied by a Norwegian immigrant, and that he witnessed his father plant them at the site where he later "found" them. On the other hand, there is pretty good evidence that Vikings in Greenland travelled up Greenland's west coast and among some of the islands in what is now Arctic Canada
I read a book while in the Iowa,Wisconsin area that spoke of stones with holes used to tie up boats. It claimed to be Viking. Now there is no water anywhere nearby.???
Thank you for this summary of Globekli Tepe. I do want to throw my 4 cents in as to its possible function here. This is a very large wild animal trap for catching herds of animals. 100 people can move a monolith. 3 people, maybe 30 on each side of any of the entrances, could easily guide frightened plains animals into these structures. McDonald's for the our ancestors! The walls are more than sturdy enough for this. No widows. Central pens could serve as a stockade holding the herds for quite a while. Lots of animal bones around the site. The number of similar structures in the region could imply they were very effective. These structures may have been buried because they were too effective, by over harvesting the animals from area. Apologies to you for several of my fellow posters inappropriate vitriol.
There are actually hundreds of ancient animal traps in SW Asia, some of which appear to date as early as the Neolithic. They're usually called "kites" because of their appearance from the air. Yorke Rowan has videos on this topic.
Thanks obviously quite different than Globekli Tepe
Very well done sir
Thank you kindly!
Your mom
V kultuře a civilizacích, mluvíme vždy o určité organizovanosti skupin, které se potřebují pro vzájemnou komunikaci rozlišovat a mít vymezený prostor. Neolitická kultura se vymezovala kruhovým prostorem a identifikovala reliéfy zvířat a kabelkami. Historicky reliéfy zvířat přešly až do záznamu jména a příjmení v matrice, záznamu prostoru v katastru a obojího na dveřích obydlí. Abychom snadněji pochopili vývoj neolitické symboliky, musíme přejít k pozdějším, početně větším kulturám např. mezopotamské a sumerské. Reliéfy zvířat přešly až do lidských postav se zvířecí hlavou. Přibyli bohové (zakladatelé) rodu s náramkem, v jedné ruce mají šišku vždy nahoře a ve druhé kabelku vždy dole. Šiška pokorně mění i polohu ze svislé na vodorovnou. Obecně šiška symbolizuje vědomí a pokoru k nadřazenosti přírody nad člověkem. Z matematicko-geometrického hlediska jsou šupiny šišky uspořádány do logaritmické spirály. Piniovou šišku vysokou 4 m opatruje Vatikán dodnes, aniž by se vnímal její symbolický význam jako pozůstatek neolitu. Kabelky dokumentují stav rodu a mají vlastnosti zlatého řezu; plocha zlatého čtverce bývá rozšířena dalším zvířetem až do zlatého obdélníka. Rukověť má tvar polokružnice, která spojuje vlastnosti čísla pí se zlatým řezem. Kabelky poskládané za sebou určují po sobě jdoucí generační cykly. Reliéf bývá doplněn stromem života, který dostal v Egyptě vlastní symbol. Dnes vzniká otázka nakolik je symbolika záznamu vědomá a nakolik intuitivní. Vnucuje se i myšlenka na civilizační posun, kdy rozlišení rodového stavu zvířetem, až do stavu, kdy se zakladatel rodu stal bohem a nakonec člověkem, který vstal z mrtvých a vstoupil na nebesa, kde je dodnes.
Who took many thousands of tons of copper from mines in N.US an S.Canada way back in BC times ???
This isn't strictly relevant to the topic of this video, but there is a lot of evidence for indigenous exploitation of copper in the Lake Superior region from about 4500 years ago onward. You can find a brief introduction to it on Wikipedia and elsewhere by searching on "Old Copper Complex".
Maybe the Vikings used the copper deposits also.
Not far from where I live, near the town of Turley, OK there is a stone where the runes were largely worn away. What remains reads 'Here, on this island" .. leading us to ponder, when the particular hill it had been found on had been an _island_ I don't know the language it was written in, the stone is on private property, and no one is permitted to go tramping about Turley Hill looking after it these days. I first encountered the runes in the pages of Bullfinch's Norse Mythology, became acquainted with them, and made a habit of scratching them everywhere when I was a preteen .. by the time I was a teenager, I was writing in runic script, in High German .. so if you see any of that, you can know where it came from. I doubt the explorers would have such good grammar 😉
Mississippi across ocean from north africa. 4000 miles away. Fun fact: this is much later but my grandma's family was from germany. She lived near denver, Colorado for a little bit. The French normans could speak Latin, old Norse,, old Norman French. Maybe the runes were left later by Spanish, Italian, or French scholar.
The era when these Runes were discovered are also hot in the middle of the Residential Schools as an institution and the motive of undermining indigenous claims on the continent.
You're quite right.
I think that the Northern native game of Lacrosse actually came from Scandinavian influences
I've never heard of that. You have sources for it? Strikes me as just another case of trying to deprive indigenous people of their rightful heritage. The first European to mention the game was the French Jesuit missionary, Jean de Brébeuf, who observed it in what is now Quebec or Ontario
Have you checked out Dighton Rock, on the Taunton River Massachusetts? Those symbols look familiar
Dighton Rock almost certainly is an indigenous petroglyph. The symbols on it are not any form of writing, even though some colonial observers tried to argue that it was runes or Phoenician or even Chinese. It doesn't match with any of those.
What is the best calibration curve for India?
As India is in the northern hemisphere, as long as you're dating terrestrial material, you can use the IntCal20 curve for the northern hemisphere
We still hunt today!!! It's the transition point.... obviously the FIRST civilization is going to resemble Hunter-Gatherer society.
Indeed. But in the first few thousand years after the start of the Neolithic, hunting still contributed a large proportion of people's diet. Later, it became both recreational and supplementary to agricultural foods.
buddy i'm sitting on the megaliths and looking at castles where i was told there'a just teepees and wigwams, somebody had geo polymers and rune work here
I'm not sure what your point is. However, 1000 years ago, indigenous people in the Mississippi Valley were building huge, pyramid-like mounds but had no need for geo-polymers
Intuition tells me what they were trying to convey was that the gods dumped water/the deluge...its depicting the deluge flood
Gobekli Tepe was built by the watchers & is contemporary with the garden of Eden in the Rachaiya basin near Damascus & in the shadow of Mt Hermon in the Lebanon.
😮 as I recall the meter unit of measurement is based on the size of the earth. Specifically the distance between the north and south poles. This measurement has always been here just waiting to be discovered. I wonder what else is waiting to be discovered? What other clues and tests has Father left to thrill and intrigue us?
You're right that it was originally defined as 1/10,000,000 of the distance from the North Pole to the Equator, but 1) 18th-century French weren't very accurate (so it's now defined differently) and 2) there's no reason to expect extraterrestrials (or even ancient Near Easterners) to have used a decimal system. The implication would be that the "ancient aliens" were not as accurate as ancient alien enthusiasts constantly claim, and this ignores that ancient Mesopotamians used the sexagesimal system, not the decimal system.
To be fair was the dating on the Kensington Runestone in use in one place in the 14th century, Gotland. But that said, there are a lot other strikes against the stone so unless archaeologists actually find some viking artifacts in the area, we still have to see it as a hoax. As for the other stone, I don't think it is a hoax but neither is it a real viking artifact. Runes were still in use in Sweden by farmers until WW1 so I think some Swede made it just because he could, not to fool people but more as "tagging" the stone. Yeah, the Hälsinge runes was different so he clearly had some education or a reference book but I still think it was made just for fun. It isn't correct, the most modern Scandinavian runestones with the old Futhark who also had modern runes are the Rökstone from the late 9th century, but it was made by a master who didn't mix them in the same sentence or made any mistakes. He was clearly showing off, it have several secret coded messages and has far more text then even the Kensington stone. It also have the name of the person who made it, to show off that he knew both runescripts. But for a pre Columbian visit to US after the Native migrations way back, the vikings are indeed the only plausible people. For one thing we know they got to Canada and had the means to get to US as well. The Greenland vikings were also "quarantined" on Greenland so they didn't bring those 12 diseases that wiped out 90-95% of the native population during the 16th century. So I don't think we can say it is impossible they actually reached modern US but we don't have the actual evidence for that and until that actually are found, we should still think that is unlikely even if we certainly should keep looking. The only evidence we actually have is the Maine penny which is real but since part of a viking scale and a few lead weights for trade was found in Canada, it is way more likely that one was traded for furs by a viking trader in Canada and later was traded further by natives then actually dropped in situ by a viking. It is still evidence though unlike the rune stone, it is extremely unlikely that a modern Norwegian immigrant brought a 100 year old to coin just to drop it there or that it is a hoax. But it is more evidence for some trade between natives and vikings then vikings actually visiting America. There is only one other proven pre Columbian contact, between Polynesia and South America. There is actually genetic evidence for that as well as the sweet potato but there seemed to have been a single or maybe 2-3 times event. Just like the vikings, the Polynesians were isolated on islands before which stopped the spread of Euro Asian diseases. That is why the Romans and Phoenicians couldn't have visited. If they did, a lot less people would have died in the 16th century due to diseases which allowed the Spanish conquest. That would have changed world history a lot, not just the history books. I am still hoping for new archaeological viking finds in North America. We know they were in Canada so there must be more out there, just waiting to be found. US is far more unlikely, but the evidence there needs to speak for itself. Right now, besides the Main penny, there is not a single good evidence though so I am leaning towards them not visiting until new evidence prove otherwise.
Yeah, if you want to find Vikings in the new world, look no farther than Americans themselves. We are the true vikings. Still kicking A and taking names in 2021 Anno Domini.
Ibree. Mic-Mac. The Norse/etc. weren't the only ones utilizing Futhark. 🫡
Really enjoyed your video. As a working man with an interest in the past I've always been curious about these rune stones and whether they're authentic or not. I've watched the history channel and various youtube videos which seem to lean towards they're being real. Your channel presents straight forward scientific facts that I wasn't aware of and prove that these stones are fake.
Thanks! I'm glad you found it convincing, despite all the publicity on the other side.
Most megalithic structures were built by stone age hunter-gatherers that worked 9-5 and did a bit of unprecedented architectural engineering in the evenings to pass the time.
It's a common misconception that hunter-gatherers had to work long hours to get enough to eat. Even in the Kalahari desert, anthropologists in the 1960s found that the San hunter-gatherers only worked a few hours per day, and had more leisure time than we have. In any case, in this video I argued that Göbekli's builders were NOT hunter-gatherers. They were Neolithic villagers.
Speculation. Nothing more.
I believe that, when I offered my own theory near the end of the video, I said I was speculating. At least I admit it and try to base the speculations on evidence whenever possible. You won't find me saying "could it be...?" as Hancock and his ilk do in place of actual evidence.
Everything we think we know about the history of this amazing planet is all conjecture. All of it. And it was not made by a supreme being in 6 days. FFS
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamandalu
Laura Ingalls Wilder‘s family moved into the dugout by the Plum Creek traded to them by a Nordic settler.
Woke
Do you think Luke 18:25 is woke?
The "experts" talking here are very well-studied in a solely theoretical way and therefore classify their own guessing as the only really relevant. The Futhark was for making markings of a clans ownership in use until 1780 in rural Sweden. People in those days learned runes as kids often before they came into school. That disappeared after some generations because it was not considered modern. All this is not common knowledge on USA universities, and what "experts" from those guess(conclude) is mostly just "made official" ..........!
I don't doubt that many Scandinavians in the 19th century knew some runes, and wouldn't be surprised if they sometimes used them as ownership symbols, something like ranch brands. But those would entail just one or two runes, not whole sentences, let alone long narratives like the Kensington one. Even in Sweden, you don't find runestones like that. These ones look a lot more like someone's idea of a hoax.
A Swede here, we are spoiled rotten with rune stones here in Mälardalen. Interesting to hear about rune stones found in America and good that the counterfeits are being exposed. AVM 2024
go'auld!😁 fallen angel's cloning facility....
A strong tie between the knights templars and vikings has been documented. Their persecution in the 1300's led to them fleeing to north america. Their presence in Roslyn scotland is documented, along with a trip to north america in the late 1300's. Recent archeological finds from oak island show norse presence in the 600's to 800's on oak island along with knights templars in the 1200's. The egyptian navy was deep water and manned by Libyan sailors. The presence of cocaine in the tissues of egyptian mummies indicate a south american connection. The sea level was lower back then. The grand banks used to be above water.
Roman coins wash ashore near beverly Massachusetts. The dates are within 25 years of each other around 25 bc. Also the roman artifacts found near tucson. On isle royal in michigan native copper is still sitting on timbers dated as old as 1200 bc. The mining tools came from nova scotia. Seems like proof of european contact to me.
Do you have any sources for any of these? I know Roman coins and pottery show up in coastal areas periodically, probably most of them originating in ships' ballast, and, hard as might seem to believe, Roman coins even circulated in colonial times because merchants were so short of small change, but I've never heard of any Roman artifacts being found in Arizona. As for the native copper, indigenous people were exploiting it well before 2000 years ago, and had no need of European technology to do so. There are rich sources of native copper around Lake Superior, and all you have to do is hammer it and anneal it periodically to form it into sheets, tools, or arrowheads.
OK, I've now found a reference to those "Roman" artifacts from Arizona. I know nothing about them, so certainly can't weigh in on their authenticity, but the following site says that they're all forgeries: www.library.pima.gov/content/romans-allegedly-in-tucson/ I know that doesn't mean much without supporting evidence, but it would be useful to look into it. Spectacular claims require particularly compelling evidence.
And now, this one says that there wasn't even any pottery or other mundane artifacts at the site that could have lent it some authenticity, just the more spectacular lead artifacts: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucson_artifacts There are sources there.