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No, gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate, CaSO₄·2H₂O) does not contain calcite. Gypsum and calcite are two distinct minerals with different chemical compositions and crystal structures: Gypsum: Composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO₄·2H₂O), it typically forms in sedimentary environments as an evaporite mineral. Calcite: Composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), it is a common mineral found in limestone and marble and is formed through biological and inorganic processes. While both are calcium-containing minerals, they differ in chemistry and formation. If calcite is present in a gypsum deposit, it would be as a separate mineral, not as a component of gypsum.

@professionalgeologyclub would there be any disadvantage to having 2% calcite in your gypsum, for example I flush my plants with gypsum for white ash, I usually use micro gypsum but only had money for the big store bought one

@@normantaffefiny8227 Having 2% calcite (calcium carbonate) in your gypsum may have some implications, depending on your specific use case and the plants you're growing. Here are some key considerations: 1. pH Adjustment Gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate) is neutral and does not affect soil pH significantly. However, calcite is alkaline and may slightly raise the pH of the soil or growing medium. If your plants prefer acidic or neutral conditions, the presence of calcite could be disadvantageous, particularly if you use large amounts. 2. Calcium and Magnesium Ratio Calcite adds calcium to the soil, just like gypsum, but it doesn't supply sulfur. This might slightly shift the calcium-to-sulfur ratio, which could affect nutrient balance for your plants. Sulfur in gypsum is essential for plant nutrition and helps create white ash, especially in crops like tobacco. A lower sulfur input might reduce the desired effect. 3. Solubility Calcite is less soluble than gypsum. This means the calcite will dissolve more slowly and may not be as immediately available to plants. Over time, this could lead to slower calcium release, which may be less ideal for flushing or achieving a white ash effect. 4. Potential for Residue If calcite doesn’t dissolve completely, it could leave a slight residue in your growing medium. This might not harm plants but could be an aesthetic or practical concern. 5. Cost vs. Effectiveness Store-bought gypsum with 2% calcite is typically cheaper, so it might be a good budget-friendly option. The effects of 2% calcite might not be significant enough to cause major issues unless you have very specific needs or are working with plants sensitive to pH changes. Recommendations: Test Soil pH: If you are concerned, monitor the pH of your soil or growing medium after application. Adjust with appropriate amendments if needed. Monitor Plant Health: Watch your plants for signs of calcium or sulfur deficiencies, or any unusual growth patterns. Mix It Well: Blend the gypsum thoroughly into the growing medium to ensure even distribution and minimize any localized pH changes from calcite. Consider Long-Term Effects: If using this type of gypsum regularly, periodically check your soil to ensure it remains balanced for optimal plant growth. In most cases, 2% calcite is unlikely to have a dramatic impact, but small adjustments may be necessary depending on your plants and growing conditions.

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it may be

@@professionalgeologyclub I'm talking about the whole area, there's reds, green, white, black, brown, mica for shine, epidote, and granitic diorite, All within 10meter by 10meter

@@rogerhanson3468 ok

Mylonite is a fine-grained, foliated metamorphic rock formed by intense ductile deformation under shear stress, often in fault zones or shear zones. The process of mylonitization involves recrystallization and mechanical deformation, leading to a reduction in grain size and the development of a distinct foliation. Mylonite's mineralogical composition depends on the protolith (original rock type) and the specific deformation conditions, such as temperature and pressure. It can form from various rock types, including igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks. Because of this variability, mylonites are sometimes associated with economic mineral deposits, depending on the geological setting. Economic Metal Associations Gold (Au): Gold is frequently mentioned because mylonites often form in shear zones, which are common pathways for hydrothermal fluids. These fluids can deposit gold and other sulfide minerals in fractures and veins associated with the deformation. For example, gold is common in orogenic gold deposits, which are often linked to mylonitized shear zones. Platinum-Group Elements (PGE): Mylonites derived from ultramafic rocks or those near magmatic systems may show associations with PGE minerals (e.g., platinum, palladium). Such associations are less common than gold but can occur in specific tectonic environments. Rare Earth Elements (REEs): While REE enrichment is not typically associated with mylonite itself, REEs might be concentrated in specific protoliths, such as granites or carbonatites, that undergo mylonitization. These elements may be mobilized and redeposited by hydrothermal fluids in fractures or zones of intense deformation. Other Metals (e.g., Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag): Hydrothermal systems along shear zones may also transport and deposit base metals, such as copper, lead, and zinc, or precious metals like silver. These are often found in polymetallic deposits. Why Mention Only Gold? Gold is highlighted because of its strong association with shear zones and mylonites in orogenic gold systems, making it one of the most economically significant metals in these settings. REEs and PGE associations, while possible, are more dependent on the protolith and broader geological setting than on the mylonite itself. Assumption About REEs and PGEs If mylonite is a "transition material," as you suggest, one might expect it to show a greater association with REEs or PGEs in specific tectonic environments, especially in zones of magmatic activity or where REE-rich or ultramafic rocks serve as the protolith. However, without direct evidence of hydrothermal mobilization or enrichment processes, these metals may not always be present in economically significant concentrations. Would you like a more detailed discussion of potential tectonic settings or examples of REE- and PGE-rich mylonites?

@professionalgeologyclub THANK you for the explanation, I have acquired a mining claim that I truly believe has not been prospected as for the hard Rock aspect, the claim is in a transition zone, granitic, with numerous quartz veining, what I found interesting was that there's a ledge of what appears to be mylonite dissecting both the claims and the composition of the host rock is variable, these are My first adventure, the material from the mylonite area is much heavier than the surrounding matric rock, I've found one small seem of quartz veining cutting across the mylonite area that shows some mineralization, but it was hidden under schist debris, needless to say I find it interesting, and I'm not that good as identification, so I really do appreciate you reaching out to me with your advice on the issue, I'll be sure to Investigate the area a bit more, what I forgot to mention is that a mountain pass actually almost starts on the north corner of the claim, I'm guessing that it's a indicates a fault zone.

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wonderful

I thank you too

thank you.

Living on a fault is very dangerous.

@@professionalgeologyclub We are hanging in there!😀

thank you.

you're welcome

Thank you for your information

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You're close! Schist is indeed part of the metamorphic progression that starts with shale, but there's a specific sequence of transformations involved. Shale (a sedimentary rock) is the starting material. It's composed mostly of clay minerals. With low-grade metamorphism, shale transforms into slate. Slate is fine-grained and retains the original clay minerals, but they start to reorient under pressure. With further metamorphism, slate transforms into phyllite. Phyllite has a slight sheen due to the growth of mica minerals like muscovite and biotite. With higher-grade metamorphism, phyllite becomes schist. Schist is characterized by a medium to coarse grain size and a prominent schistosity, which is caused by the alignment of larger mica, garnet, or other metamorphic minerals. So, schist is formed after shale undergoes a series of progressive metamorphic changes, passing through slate and phyllite.

The lessons will continue constantly, you don't worry.

To locate black sand in an ancient riverbed (which often indicates heavy minerals like magnetite or gold-bearing materials), you can focus on specific features and patterns in the riverbed's geology. Here's a guide: Where to Look for Black Sand Inside Bends and Low-Energy Zones Focus on areas of the ancient riverbed where water flow would have slowed down, such as the inner bends of the channel. Heavy materials like black sand and gold tend to settle in these locations. Ancient Gravel Layers Look for compacted layers of gravel in the riverbed. Black sand is often found just above or within these gravel layers because the heavier particles settle into cracks or alongside denser materials. Bedrock Depressions or Crevices If the ancient riverbed cuts into bedrock, inspect any depressions, cracks, or natural riffles. Heavy sands and gold tend to accumulate in these traps. Ripple Marks and Cross-Bedding Sedimentary structures, such as cross-bedding or ripple marks, can indicate where materials were deposited. Focus on layers where flow turbulence diminished. Erosion Points Near the 90° Intersection Pay special attention to areas where the modern river intersects the ancient riverbed. Erosion from the current river may have exposed black sand deposits. Are There Layers of Black Sand in the Ancient Riverbed? Yes, there could be layers. Black sand often forms distinct layers within ancient riverbeds, typically below lighter sediments like sand and silt. These layers: Represent periods of high-energy water flow where heavy materials were concentrated. May appear as thin black lines or thicker deposits if the ancient river flowed strongly and consistently. Tips for Prospecting Dig Deep into the Ancient Riverbed Begin prospecting about 12 feet down (where the riverbed lies). Use a shovel and classify materials layer by layer. Use a Magnet Black sand often contains magnetite, which is magnetic. Running a strong magnet through sediments can help identify black sand concentrations quickly. Look for Visual Indicators Dark, dense materials interspersed with gravel are good signs. Check for colors like dark gray or black that contrast with the surrounding sediments. Pan Test for Confirmation If you find a promising layer, take a small sample and pan it. Black sand should visibly settle at the bottom due to its density. By carefully studying the geology of the ancient riverbed and using these techniques, you'll increase your chances of finding black sand and possibly gold. Good luck with your exploration!

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Not exactly! Rock deformations include folds, but they aren't always caused by volcanic activity. Let's break it down: Rock deformation refers to changes in the shape, position, or volume of rocks due to stress. This stress can come from tectonic forces, gravity, or pressure from overlying rock layers. Folds are a type of deformation that occurs when rocks bend or curve without breaking, usually in response to compressional forces. These forces are common in regions where tectonic plates collide. Volcanic activity can sometimes contribute to deformation (e.g., magma intrusion causing doming or faulting), but folds are more commonly associated with tectonic processes, like mountain-building events, rather than volcanic activity alone. In short: folds are primarily caused by tectonic forces, not directly by volcanic activity. Would you like examples or illustrations of folds and other types of deformation?

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To obtain a lease for mining on federal land east of the Mississippi River, you need to contact the appropriate federal agency that oversees mineral leasing. In most cases, this is the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), although the specifics may vary based on the mineral resource you intend to mine and the location of the land. Here's a step-by-step guide: 1. Determine the Type of Mineral Locatable Minerals: For gold, silver, and other precious metals, you may need to stake a claim under the General Mining Law of 1872 (if applicable). Leasable Minerals: For coal, oil, gas, phosphate, and other resources, a lease is required under federal leasing laws. Salable Minerals: For materials like sand, gravel, or stone, you may need to purchase a contract rather than obtain a lease. 2. Contact the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) The BLM administers mineral leases and claims on federal lands. However, not all lands east of the Mississippi River are managed by the BLM, as much of it is privately owned or managed by other federal agencies (e.g., National Forest Service). BLM Eastern States Office: Phone: (202) 912-7700 Website: BLM Eastern States Email: Use the contact form on their website. 3. Check Land Ownership Federal land in the eastern U.S. is limited compared to the western states. Use the BLM's online LR2000 system or contact the local BLM office to verify if the land you're interested in is federally managed and open to mineral leasing or claims. 4. Consult State-Specific Authorities Some minerals on federal lands east of the Mississippi are managed through state agreements. Contact the state’s department of natural resources or geological survey for guidance. 5. File an Application Once you've confirmed the land's status and mineral type: Submit an application for a lease or permit (for leasable or salable minerals). For locatable minerals, stake a claim following federal and state guidelines. If the land is managed by another federal agency, such as the U.S. Forest Service or the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, you may need to coordinate with them as well.

@professionalgeologyclub thank you.

If you are prospecting, also find limits to types of equipment that can be used. For example: if you are going to use a High Banker, you may not be authorized to use it, or may be limited to the water runoff not directly running back into the stream or water source. Each State has their own regulations. Good luck.

Thanks teacher

@@EngApdixakim you are welcome

you are right

What was your question? Ask me here again.

@@professionalgeologyclub the question had to do with Leasing Federal land east of the Mississippi for mining. U mentioned being able to direct me to the correct agency to approach.

@@professionalgeologyclub comment number 6 from your "Gold Prospecting" video six day ago.

Ok

interesting

Leasing federal land east of the Mississippi River involves working with specific federal agencies that manage public lands. Since federal lands in this region are limited (most federally managed lands are in the western U.S.), the process typically relates to specialized purposes like mineral exploration, agriculture, recreation, or conservation. Here's a breakdown: 1. Determine the Purpose of the Lease Federal lands are leased for various purposes, such as: Mineral exploration and extraction (oil, gas, coal, or hardrock minerals) Grazing or agricultural use Recreational development (e.g., campgrounds) Special use permits (e.g., utilities, pipelines) 2. Identify the Managing Agency Bureau of Land Management (BLM): Manages public lands, though it controls very little land east of the Mississippi. U.S. Forest Service (USFS): Manages lands in national forests, including some eastern forests (e.g., Daniel Boone National Forest in Kentucky). National Park Service (NPS): Manages parks and may issue special use permits for limited activities. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS): Handles leases on national wildlife refuges. Army Corps of Engineers: Manages lands around reservoirs and waterways. 3. Research Available Lands Not all federal lands are available for leasing. For mineral rights or energy development, you can search lease availability through: BLM’s National Fluid Lease Sale System (for oil/gas). Geological Survey maps or agency-specific lease sales. For other purposes (agriculture, recreation, etc.), contact the agency managing the specific land you're interested in. 4. Submit a Lease Application Once you identify the appropriate agency and land, follow their application process: Minerals Leasing: If mineral rights are involved, you may need to file a notice of intent or bid during lease sales. Agricultural or Grazing Leases: Contact the relevant agency office to apply (e.g., local Forest Service or Fish and Wildlife Service office). Special Use Permits: Submit proposals to the managing agency for review. 5. Understand Costs and Terms Leasing federal land typically involves: Application fees Rental fees (based on acreage or lease type) Royalties (if mineral production is involved) Compliance with environmental regulations (e.g., NEPA review) 6. Consult Local Offices Federal agencies often have regional or district offices in the East that can help guide you: Use the BLM State Office directory for mineral-related leases. Contact the U.S. Forest Service district offices for recreational or agricultural leases. 7. Ensure Compliance Leasing federal land comes with strict regulations, including environmental protections, public land use policies, and lease term conditions. You’ll need to adhere to these throughout the lease. If you share the specific purpose for the lease, I can help narrow down the steps or suggest the right agency to approach!

ok

@professionalgeologyclub the specific purpose for the lease will be mineral extraction.

Thank you

ok

Thank you for your comment.

Gold (Au) and silver (Ag) are part of a fascinating geological process, and understanding their origins involves diving into Earth's geologic history and the behavior of hydrothermal systems. Here's a breakdown: How Gold Gets into Hydrothermal Solutions Formation of Gold in Earth's Crust: Gold originates in Earth's mantle and crust. It was either present during Earth's formation or brought to the surface by meteorites during a period known as the Late Heavy Bombardment (around 4 billion years ago). Over time, gold became concentrated in certain areas due to magmatic and tectonic processes. Hydrothermal Activity: Gold is typically dissolved in molten rock (magma) as tiny trace amounts. When magma cools, it releases fluids rich in water, carbon dioxide, and dissolved elements, including gold. These fluids form hydrothermal solutions. The gold dissolves in these solutions because of high temperature, pressure, and the presence of sulfur or other elements that form gold-bearing complexes (like AuCl 2 − 2 − ​ or AuHS). Transport: These hydrothermal solutions migrate through fractures, faults, and porous rocks in the Earth's crust, carrying dissolved gold along with other elements like silver, copper, and sulfur. Precipitation: Gold precipitates (comes out of solution) when the conditions of the hydrothermal fluid change-such as a drop in temperature, pressure, or pH, or when the solution mixes with cooler, oxygen-rich groundwater. The gold then crystallizes within quartz veins, sulfide minerals, or other host rocks. How Silver (Ag) Comes About Silver has a similar origin story to gold but behaves slightly differently due to its geochemical properties: Silver in Earth's Formation: Like gold, silver was present during Earth's formation and also delivered by meteorites. It is often found associated with gold in hydrothermal systems because both are "chalcophile" elements, meaning they tend to bond with sulfur and form sulfide minerals. Hydrothermal Solutions and Silver: Silver is more chemically reactive than gold, so it forms more diverse mineral species, such as argentite (Ag 2 2 ​ S), galena (PbS with Ag inclusions), and native silver. Silver can be dissolved in hydrothermal solutions through chloride complexes (AgCl 2 − 2 − ​ ) or sulfide complexes. Deposition: Silver precipitates in a similar way to gold when the hydrothermal fluid's conditions change. It often occurs alongside gold but can also form in distinct ore deposits known as silver veins.

I dont know.

you're welcome.

Really cool. Can’t do the AI voice

Thank you.

Thank you.

You are right, but I get a lot of questions about this subject. I had to shoot this video to clarify these issues. There are many topics in geological engineering, I will shoot educational videos on other areas of geology, don't worry.

Thank you too, for your compliments.

I would like to thank you for your interest.

Ok

interesting approach. You wrote just for the sake of commenting.

You are welcome

Exciting

Thank you

Ok

thank you.

You are welcome

Ok

You're right-quartz doesn't always carry gold, even if it often signals the potential for gold deposits. That's the tricky part of prospecting, isn't it? California's got its charm for sure, especially with that cooler desert weather this time of year-great for getting out and exploring the geology! Thanks for the good vibes. Enjoy your day too!

you should see the creek bed i go to. and the intrusive veins. all over ,watch a few videos. ,i show the geology a bit. ,keep the videos coming. maybe i can get enough AU79 to bring you here. theres a volcanic dyke i'm gonna sample. around. ,iron rich dirt all around it. ,have a good day.

Ok.