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PKAE Electronics
United Kingdom
เข้าร่วมเมื่อ 19 พ.ย. 2007
Electronics you can follow, with easy to understand explanations.
Welcome to PKAE Electronics - Whether you're a hobbyist or pro, join me in demystifying electronics with hands-on creations you can replicate at home or your workplace.
Explore specialized projects focusing on Public Address & Voice Alarm systems (PAVA), featuring time-saving testing modules derived from my professional experience. These modules have proven invaluable in my day job, and now, I'm thrilled to share them with you!
My goal is to spark your interest with effective yet simple projects. No need for intimidating science or complex formulas. I break it down, making electronics enjoyable for everyone.
Subscribe now and become part of our community.
th-cam.com/channels/4zLvI4AVfYLMR3a2WSLeEQ.html
Welcome to PKAE Electronics - Whether you're a hobbyist or pro, join me in demystifying electronics with hands-on creations you can replicate at home or your workplace.
Explore specialized projects focusing on Public Address & Voice Alarm systems (PAVA), featuring time-saving testing modules derived from my professional experience. These modules have proven invaluable in my day job, and now, I'm thrilled to share them with you!
My goal is to spark your interest with effective yet simple projects. No need for intimidating science or complex formulas. I break it down, making electronics enjoyable for everyone.
Subscribe now and become part of our community.
th-cam.com/channels/4zLvI4AVfYLMR3a2WSLeEQ.html
Switch De Bounce Using a 555 Timer Chip.
The 555 is a very versatile device and should not be pigeonholed as a “timer”. In this video I show how the 555 can transpose a horrible mechanical switch output into an almost perfect square output without all the bounce!
If you have not seen my previous 555 video which explains the internal building blocks, I suggest you take a look by clicking the below link:-
th-cam.com/video/3lEN6hEGUmE/w-d-xo.htmlsi=2YMth54Ov4rNPY30
Anyhow, in this follow-up video I show what switch bounce is, the drawn out transition generated by the normal capacitor/resistor arrangement, and ultimately this nifty 555 solution.
A copy of the final circuit diagram can be downloaded from here:-
🔗 1drv.ms/f/c/10f323cd9840b5df/Esr-hrM_v_tBif8K3VpJ8IsBtvTW6pqKh3zltAFboXCh4Q?e=Nhg36y
⏱️Timeline
----------------
00:00:00 - Introduction
00:01:05 - PKAE Theme Intro
00:01:14 - Push Button Circuit (No De-Bounce)
00:02:14 - Output on the Oscilloscope
00:02:36 - Push Button Circuit (Capacitor De-Bounce)
00:03:36 - Output on the Oscilloscope
00:04:12 - Push Buton Circuit (with 555)
00:05:12 - 555 Circuit on Breadboard
00:07:00 - Output on the Oscilloscope
00:09:14 - Summary & Hysteresis
00:10:37 - Wrap Up
🎶 Intro Music from #inaudio :- inaudio.org/ Track = OddVision-HYPER POP
If you have not seen my previous 555 video which explains the internal building blocks, I suggest you take a look by clicking the below link:-
th-cam.com/video/3lEN6hEGUmE/w-d-xo.htmlsi=2YMth54Ov4rNPY30
Anyhow, in this follow-up video I show what switch bounce is, the drawn out transition generated by the normal capacitor/resistor arrangement, and ultimately this nifty 555 solution.
A copy of the final circuit diagram can be downloaded from here:-
🔗 1drv.ms/f/c/10f323cd9840b5df/Esr-hrM_v_tBif8K3VpJ8IsBtvTW6pqKh3zltAFboXCh4Q?e=Nhg36y
⏱️Timeline
----------------
00:00:00 - Introduction
00:01:05 - PKAE Theme Intro
00:01:14 - Push Button Circuit (No De-Bounce)
00:02:14 - Output on the Oscilloscope
00:02:36 - Push Button Circuit (Capacitor De-Bounce)
00:03:36 - Output on the Oscilloscope
00:04:12 - Push Buton Circuit (with 555)
00:05:12 - 555 Circuit on Breadboard
00:07:00 - Output on the Oscilloscope
00:09:14 - Summary & Hysteresis
00:10:37 - Wrap Up
🎶 Intro Music from #inaudio :- inaudio.org/ Track = OddVision-HYPER POP
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great intro, thank you. i was always confused by the word "impedance" because it sounded similar to "resistance".
Thanks for watching and thanks for your comment.
An exceptionally well presented video that is one of the best, if not the best, I have seen -- it is an excellent tutorial! Obviously a tremendous investment in time and effort was needed to produce it. My only comment (quite minor) involves the ≥ 6V sign used in the state change chart (11:39) for Comparator 2 -- it had been my understanding that equal input voltages for op amps would always produce a zero output voltage and that a voltage differential would be required to initiate a change. Either way, wonderful work.
Many thanks.
0:38 I don't see any Diodes :'(
I've had a little book called 555 and it's applications for literally decades - never got around to reading it, now I am seriously going to read it - yours is probably one of the best, if not the best explanation of electronics I have ever encountered. SUBSCRIBED!
Brilliant! Thanks for the comment and especially for Subscribing too.
Brilliant explanation. Thank you!
Glad it was helpful!
Thank you, very vivid explanation! Love the bicycle pump and fly wheel analogies!
Glad you enjoyed it!
Great video, extremely well laid out. Thank you sir!
Glad you enjoyed it and thanks for the comment.
This is the clearest explanation of how the 555 timer works, that I’ve ever seen!
That's great. Many thanks for your comment, much appreciated.
I flunked this test years back....but all i needed was this video....😮
If only I published it sooner 😆
What about just using the 555 in bi-stable mode?
Really depends how you want the Switch to operate your device. In Bi-stable mode you typically utilise two momentary push button switches; one to latch a HI output and the other to latch LO. The behaviour is therefore quite different to a single push operation.
Thanks a lot, very helpful and interesting video!
Glad it was helpful and thanks for the comment.
Ok, before that my favourite was schmitt trigger debounce method, now I have to try this. Thank you very much, Michael
Thanks. A dedicated Schmitt IC is the better option, although I suspect many hobbyists have 555s in their home collection but not necessarily Schmitt triggers.
@ I see. Actually I also have a bunch of 555. And I like the idea of hysteresis configuration. Btw, are you planning to describe a different variations of 555 maybe? For example speedy ones: Lmc555(up to 3MHz) or Tlc555 (over 2Mhz) I have no idea where I could use such a speedy species of this family. For the radio devices construction, maybe?
Thanks!
Welcome!
i got the first explanation where you connect one LED to output and gnd, and the other LED reversed polorised to output and vcc. but i didnt understand the second diagram where both ends of LED sets are connected to both outputs
It's a bit confusing because the Output pin can both "Source" and "Sink" current. So when it's HI, it provides a positive voltage. When it's LO, it's like connecting to ground. Does this help?
@paulpkae yes thank you. You also explain this in the following video with the simplified version
i didnt know you could do these kind of things with excel. you should also teach excel, man
Excel is incredibly powerful and useful tool.
Thanks to @bruceaitken1918 for spotting an error at 10:04. The t1 and t2 results should have both been 0.01525 not 0.0165 Seconds!
Confused - I'm making a spreadsheet so I can play with the circuit of 10:25 but my numbers don't match yours - I get t1 = t2 = 0.01525 seconds. Not a huge error, but I can't see how it happened. Clues?
Well spotted, you are the only person so far to mention that. I can see now that my calc is incorrect and your result is indeed right! My apologies for the confusion. I have been trying to work out how I inadvertently arrived at 0.0165 but can see no obvious reason. It must have been a mad moment or a cut and paste boo boo from something else. I will add a correction note in the comments. Thanks for this.
Is their more math to the xc equation, I don't get 72 when I use it with those numbers.
No, its exactly as shown. 1 over 2 x PI x Freq (in Hz) x Capacitance (in Farads). Make sure you multiply the bottom line first, i.e. 6.283x1000x0.0000022 = 0.0138226. Then take the reciprocal (or one over) of this result and you get 72.345......
@@paulpkae Ah I missed a step thank you
Basically this configuration of the 555 is a Schmitt trigger inverter. If you only need one and need to save board space, this will do. Otherwise get a hex Schmitt trigger, more popular as an inverter. If you get the inverter but don't want an inverted output, you have 5 other inverters in the package
Thanks for the comment. For those interested in the Schmitt Trigger IC alternative see my previous video here:- th-cam.com/video/JrCIgBUPhro/w-d-xo.htmlsi=zdwQePjjZ9tjILGp
I apologize for the very basic question. I'm new to electronics and am trying to get a handle on the fundamentals. Could someone explain the role a capacitor plays in this context? I understand that it charges and then discharges when the switch is pressed, but I don’t quite understand why this is necessary
Great question thank you. When the circuit is in the ON state, the capacitor provides sufficient delay, for when the switch is pressed again, to allow the MOSFET to turn off. Without it, then when the BJTs turn off, the right-hand side of the switch is immediately pulled high (via the 660K and middle 100K resistor) and subsequently the BJTs turn back on before the MOSFET had a chance to turn OFF.
@@paulpkae Thank you!
Title image said one's guys missing? I can't work out Watts missing?
Reactance ☺️
Awesome!!! Great video from a great channel.
Thanks so much!
Great stuff
@@michaelrtreat many thanks.
Another great video explained well thanks, Yesterday tried your police blue lights with grandson worked very well cheers working on sirens to add now
@@alanturner1184 that's great! Thanks for your comment. Your grandchild will probably remember that presious time for years to come.
@@paulpkae Keeps me on my toes if you asked me what a breadboard was just over a year ago for cutting bread would of been reply Cheers again
Nice
@@sadeghmollaii9873 thank you.
Of course if you just want a nice clean pulse with a minimum pulse length from a push button, you could use the 555 in it’s monostable configuration.
Video coming for Monostable operation. 😁
There 's no guarantee that the contacts will break cleanly. If they bounce as they open the monostable may trigger again.
The problem with using a 555 in monostable state for denouncing is that the 555 won't hold the delay while the trigger is triggered. Say you have the 555 delay for 100mS, and you hold the switch down for 1S, the 555 will still reset at least briefly after 100mS.
@@danman32 actually a good point. I have to check if there is possibility to avoid this. If no, well - In this case I think usage of comparator will be more reliable…
@@CybisterBug there is if you're not particular about the timing. Use a transistor to hold the capacitor discharged whenever and during the time the trigger is asserted. Timing will then start once the trigger remains deasserted The problem with 555's, especially in monostable mode is that there's a timing difference between right after power up when capacitor is completely discharged, to during normal operation where capacitor would be at 1/3 VCC at idle.
R is used in dc, impedance, capacitive and inductive reactance are used in ac circuits, impedance is natural in conductors, can't stop laws of physics
In the past there were other manufacturers of the NE555 other than TI. I suspect there all work the same though.
Hi. Yes they all adopt the same architecture but with varying characteristics such as maximum current, rise/fall times, CMOS/TTL, BJT/FETs.... etc
Great video
Glad you enjoyed it
Oh my... I haven't heard talk like that in 6 or 7 years; not since I passed microelectronics. I'm surprised how much was still common knowledge to me.
Thanks for the comment. I think once you've truly learnt something you never really forget; you just need a little reminder. :)
I love the graphics
Thanks.
Excellent stuff. Let me see if I can put everything together when it comes to power factor. Big induction motors have massive X_l and very low R, which means they would have a very "steep" triangle. So they add a massive capacitor to compensate for it, subtracting away the X_c until the load is purely resistive as X_l and X_c cancel each other. That's when you have an optimal power factor of 100%. Am I correct?
Yes you are correct, but you are missing the "Power" bit. Power factor is the ratio of real power (the actual power consumed) to apparent power (the combination of real and reactive power, where reactive power is the unused portion), indicating how effectively electrical power is being used in a circuit. Capacitors are added to temporarily store the reactive energy generated by inductive loads during the AC cycle, helping to improve the power factor by reducing the overall reactive power demand. I will be doing a follow up video on Power Factor pretty soon.....
Very cool circuit.
Thanks Electronzap, and hi to a fellow Tuber. I have watched some of your channel previously.
@@paulpkae That's awesome :)
Wtf, where’s the explanation?
There's a link at the bottom of this Short video to the main video with full explanation. This is the first Short I have tried out BTW. Or use this link:- th-cam.com/video/4HDrjWHvqjI/w-d-xo.htmlsi=qggWJUkDeMSisndC
This video was mind blowing. Thanks!
Glad you liked it and thanks for your comment.
Did this before and boy did I forget just about all of it.
My fave thing about impedance is how it allows us to look at the world and think about what a certain wave considers to be a solid wall. This video did not cover impedance matching (understandable, out of scope), which one must consider when connecting two regions of different impedance. How the impedance changes across the boundary controls how much of the wave is transmitted or reflected. Impedance is a feature of all waves, not just circuits however. Consider a trumpet, or any other brass instrument, why have they got that horn shape? The shape is a kind of impedance matching between the resonating cavity of the instrument and the open air. The horn shape helps match the impedance so that the maximum amount of power is transmitted from the cavity to the air!
Thanks for watching and your info. If anyone is interested about Impedance Matching, I did do a follow up video in response to another viewer's request some time ago. See link below:- th-cam.com/video/5p0v7ZU0WcA/w-d-xo.html
@@paulpkae oh excellent, that's my tea-time sorted
I think that’s one of the best explanation I have ever seen. Fantastic video 👍🏻
Glad it was helpful, and thanks for the comment.
cool!
Haha, I thought this was a video about not being able to get a boner.
it's very interesting circuit
Linear and clear in all parts, thank you for your brilliant explanation!!?
Glad it was helpful!
I don't know why the logarithm decided i needed to know that a 555 wasn't a timer but i am glad that I've subscribed because your content is so interesting.
That's great! Thanks for Subscribing.
Timing perfect just received a batch of 555 after watching your previous video , this has got to be first project Thanks😆
Brilliant! Enjoy playing around with your circuits and do let us know how you get on.
@@paulpkae Will do cheers
Use potentiometers instead of resistors.
That was fun! Thanks for posting.
Glad you enjoyed it!
You are the best teacher I have ever seen. If I had had a teacher like you when I was a teenager, I would be a great engineer today.
Many thanks, that's a great comment to receive, much appreciated.
very well explained, thank you sire
Glad it was helpful!
Simple concise valuable explanation. Easy to follow, easily understandable; it all makes sense now. Thank you. Look forward to future videos.
@@halb1282 great! Thanks for your comment. Much appreciated.
This is too good to be free, thank you for all your effort. Thank you man
@@irpiyaprach9555 thanks for the comment. Glad you liked it. Although it's free, you can help by Subscribing and Liking. It makes all the difference, thanks.