Total Organic Chemistry
Total Organic Chemistry
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Acetals and Nucleophilic Addition to Carbonyls | Organic Chemistry Lessons
In this video lesson, we discuss the reactivity of the carbonyl group of ketones and aldehydes with oxygen-based nucleophiles. We examine the equilibrium between the carbonyl compound and hydrates, hemiacetals, and acetals and the relative stabilities of each. Written examples of how acetals can be used as protecting groups in organic synthesis. Finally, a quick look at thioacetals and how they react differently from regular acetals.
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มุมมอง: 304

วีดีโอ

Diazonium Compounds | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 5723 ปีที่แล้ว
In this lesson, we introduce diazonium (diazo) salts and several of their uses in synthetic organic chemistry. First, we learn to synthesize diazo compounds using sodium nitrite, and then how nucleophiles can be used to create substituted benzene rings. The Sandmeyer reaction using Cu(I) salts to generate phenyl radicals is also discussed. Finally, applications of diazo compounds in diazo coupl...
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution and Benzyne | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 3303 ปีที่แล้ว
In this video lesson, we introduce the concept of nucleophilic aromatic substitution (NAS) and how it can be used to synthesize compounds inaccessible through electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS). In particular, we examine several ways to synthesize phenols using hydroxide as a nucleophile. We also study how benzyne intermediates are formed using strong bases, and what issues in regioselec...
Redox Reactions of Substituted Benzenes | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 3753 ปีที่แล้ว
In this lesson, we introduce some reduction and oxidation reactions that can occur on substituted benzene rings, including anilines/nitrobenzenes and alkyl/acylbenzenes. These synthetic strategies can be used to convert ortho/para directors to meta directors and vice versa, opening up new pathways to complex aromatic products. We also examine oxidizing agents of varying strengths, from complete...
EAS Directing Groups | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 3503 ปีที่แล้ว
In this lesson, we elaborate on our discussion of electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) reactions and learn how substituents on the benzene ring control the regioselectivity of additional substitutions. We introduce the concept of ortho/para directors (electron-donating groups and halogens) and meta directors (electron-withdrawing groups) using resonance stabilization as justification. We a...
EAS Activating and Deactivating Groups | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 6113 ปีที่แล้ว
In this lesson, we discuss how the substituents on a benzene ring influence the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) reactions. Substituents can be electron-donating or withdrawing by induction or resonance effects, and these effects will influence the nucleophilicity of the ring. We list some common groups found on aromatic rings and how activating or deactivating each one is. We ...
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 4113 ปีที่แล้ว
The Friedel-Crafts alkylations and acylations are a class of electrophilic aromatic substitutions (EAS) that add alkyl and acyl groups, respectively, to aromatic rings. By using a Lewis acid catalyst or mediator, alkyl or acyl chlorides can be activated and added to benzene. In this video lesson, we look at the mechanism of Friedel-Crafts reactions, ways to generate electrophiles, and limitatio...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 4373 ปีที่แล้ว
In this video, we introduce electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS), a reaction mechanism to produce substituted benzenes and other aromatic compounds. We discuss the general arrow pushing mechanism and then describe the halogenation, nitration, and sulfonation of benzene using iron(III) bromide, dehydrated nitric acid, and fuming sulfuric acid, respectively. Aromaticity Intro: th-cam.com/vid...
Heck Reaction | Named Reactions | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 21K3 ปีที่แล้ว
The Heck (Mizoroki-Heck) reaction is one of the first examples of palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions that were the topic of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. This reaction couples an aryl or vinyl halide to a substituted alkene, allowing for the creation of complex (and often polycyclic) molecules and natural products. In this video, we discuss the scope, mechanism, and limitations o...
Aromaticity and Hückel's Rules | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 7793 ปีที่แล้ว
This lesson is an introduction to aromatic compounds, their properties, and criteria for being aromatic. Heats of hydrogenation show the thermodynamic stability of aromatic compounds over nonaromatic counterparts. Hückel's rules are discussed to demonstrate how to determine if a given compound is nonaromatic, aromatic, or antiaromatic. Examples of aromatic cations and anions are also briefly me...
Electrocyclic Reactions | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 17K3 ปีที่แล้ว
In this lesson, we introduce the concept of electrocyclic reactions and how they can be effected thermally or photochemically. We take an in-depth look at two prototypical reactions involving hexatriene and cyclobutene and their respective mechanisms and stereochemistry. In particular, we study the conrotatory and disrotatory mechanisms that are described by the Woodward-Hoffmann rules and how ...
Diels-Alder Reaction | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 2.8K3 ปีที่แล้ว
The Diels-Alder reaction is an extremely versatile reaction used to form new C-C bonds between a conjugated diene and a dienophile. In this video, we study the mechanism of the Diels-Alder reaction and rules that govern its stereospecificity and regioselectivity. We also learn which compounds participate most effectively in these reactions and how to determine the products. Conjugated Dienes Le...
Conjugated Dienes | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 11K3 ปีที่แล้ว
In this video lesson, we introduce conjugated dienes: compounds with alternating single and double bonds. Conjugated systems cause their pi electrons to be delocalized, which leads to many interesting properties and reactivities. We see how reactions of alkenes relate to conjugated dienes and the mixtures of products that can result. Finally, we study the topics of kinetic and thermodynamic con...
Swern Oxidation | Named Reactions | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 2.1K3 ปีที่แล้ว
The Swern oxidation is a way to oxidize primary and secondary alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones using mild conditions. Using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and oxalyl chloride, an "activated DMSO" complex can be formed to oxidize the alcohol to the carbonyl compound. In this video, we discuss the mechanism of the Swern oxidation, its advantages and disadvantages, and an example o...
Mechanisms Visualized: Grignard Reaction | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 1663 ปีที่แล้ว
The Grignard reaction is one of the first reactions we learn in organic chemistry to form carbon-carbon bonds, and as such, it is extremely important for learners! This video is an animated mechanism of the Grignard reaction, including synthesis of the Grignard reagent and subsequent addition to a carbonyl compound. Grignard Reagents Lesson: th-cam.com/video/y4ohNNHNh-8/w-d-xo.html Support Tota...
Allylic Halogenation and Substitution | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 6K4 ปีที่แล้ว
Allylic Halogenation and Substitution | Organic Chemistry Lessons
Reactions of Alkynes | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 1224 ปีที่แล้ว
Reactions of Alkynes | Organic Chemistry Lessons
Properties and Synthesis of Alkynes | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 4284 ปีที่แล้ว
Properties and Synthesis of Alkynes | Organic Chemistry Lessons
Retrosynthesis Practice: Alkenes | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 4.7K4 ปีที่แล้ว
Retrosynthesis Practice: Alkenes | Organic Chemistry Lessons
Oxidation and Alkylation of Alkenes | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 3954 ปีที่แล้ว
Oxidation and Alkylation of Alkenes | Organic Chemistry Lessons
Mechanisms Visualized: Borohydride Reduction | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 814 ปีที่แล้ว
Mechanisms Visualized: Borohydride Reduction | Organic Chemistry Lessons
Hydration of Alkenes | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 974 ปีที่แล้ว
Hydration of Alkenes | Organic Chemistry Lessons
Mechanisms Visualized: E1 | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 604 ปีที่แล้ว
Mechanisms Visualized: E1 | Organic Chemistry Lessons
Mechanisms Visualized: E2 | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 624 ปีที่แล้ว
Mechanisms Visualized: E2 | Organic Chemistry Lessons
Halogenation of Alkenes | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 1724 ปีที่แล้ว
Halogenation of Alkenes | Organic Chemistry Lessons
What Do the Numbers on Plastic Mean? Why Should YOU Care?
มุมมอง 754 ปีที่แล้ว
What Do the Numbers on Plastic Mean? Why Should YOU Care?
Properties and Synthesis of Alkenes | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 1.2K4 ปีที่แล้ว
Properties and Synthesis of Alkenes | Organic Chemistry Lessons
Jones Oxidation | Named Reactions | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 5K4 ปีที่แล้ว
Jones Oxidation | Named Reactions | Organic Chemistry Lessons
Retrosynthesis Practice: Alcohols and Ethers | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 1.7K4 ปีที่แล้ว
Retrosynthesis Practice: Alcohols and Ethers | Organic Chemistry Lessons
Thiols and Thioethers | Organic Chemistry Lessons
มุมมอง 1.9K4 ปีที่แล้ว
Thiols and Thioethers | Organic Chemistry Lessons

ความคิดเห็น

  • @DhilipKumarRaji
    @DhilipKumarRaji 23 วันที่ผ่านมา

    thank you boss

  • @interbeamproductions
    @interbeamproductions 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    CLODUDY BFDI

  • @opufy
    @opufy 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    this was exactly what I was looking for! Thanks a lot.

  • @PoppiD93
    @PoppiD93 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    The esercises were good for revision/study, explanation fast and clear. Well done!

  • @__Joki__
    @__Joki__ 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I’m a bit confused on why the configuration went from trans to cis at 8:38 ?

  • @jazmingarcia6566
    @jazmingarcia6566 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Taught it to me when my professor didn't have time to. Thank you so much!

  • @GPATSuccessZone
    @GPATSuccessZone 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Nice explanation. All understood. Thank you.

  • @JadenEdens
    @JadenEdens 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank u so much man you are the best and a great teacher

  • @ShakhawatHossainShovon
    @ShakhawatHossainShovon ปีที่แล้ว

    It’s a good piece of explanation. Thanks a lot.

  • @elmiranadirova2737
    @elmiranadirova2737 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for video. In my opinion you missed one important thing, syn-addition/elimination

  • @americanojohajohajoha8238
    @americanojohajohajoha8238 ปีที่แล้ว

    9:44 i got really confused in this part, you wrote that experimentally : primary = 64% and tertiary = 36% , after that you said that tertiary is 5x more likely to form during chlorination, how is that possible if the percentage of tertiary experimentally is less than the percentage of primary?

  • @jonasben9649
    @jonasben9649 ปีที่แล้ว

    i know u stopped uploading but i gotta thank u for this my exam is next week and ur vids are really helping

  • @ANDREABERNACCHIA-q3t
    @ANDREABERNACCHIA-q3t ปีที่แล้ว

    what is the effect of -SH (Benzenethiol) on EAS?

  • @just_golden1085
    @just_golden1085 ปีที่แล้ว

    Underrated

  • @jayduffie4749
    @jayduffie4749 ปีที่แล้ว

    @4:15 isn't the Br at the para not the meta?

  • @chloju
    @chloju ปีที่แล้ว

    This is so well-organized it is very helpful to understand my orgo synthesis class Thank you sm!!!!!!

  • @ankitthakurankit4764
    @ankitthakurankit4764 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sir but how does molecular orbital theory ignores resonance hybrid structures??

  • @Luxuryhitler
    @Luxuryhitler ปีที่แล้ว

    High quality organic chemistry videos

  • @renoleevans
    @renoleevans ปีที่แล้ว

    Loved it!

  • @moldiramangeldy1941
    @moldiramangeldy1941 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello! Can you explain about Oxidation of isopropyl alcohol to acetone (Nh4Cr2O7 Thank you!

  • @ljbdoa
    @ljbdoa ปีที่แล้ว

    Why does the arrow-pushing notation for electrons fall apart when dealing with transition metals?

    • @TotalOrganicChemistry
      @TotalOrganicChemistry ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi Leonardo, Arrow pushing is more difficult with transition metals because they contain electrons in d-orbitals, which are more diffuse than s and p orbitals. It is hard to localize d-electrons and place them on a specific atom in a metal complex, so they are typically not represented using arrows or lone pairs. This is simply the convention -- you can definitely imagine using arrows to denote these types of reactions!

  • @ev446
    @ev446 ปีที่แล้ว

    Not bad, could have been a little more in depth with the mechanism but still great. Thanks

    • @TotalOrganicChemistry
      @TotalOrganicChemistry ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks! I try to keep my videos at a second-year organic chemistry level, but I'm thinking of doing some videos in the future involving more involved mechanisms, organometallics, etc.

  • @arunsk6892
    @arunsk6892 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can you give me some more natural cycloalkanes with its therapeutic uses

  • @strugglingcollegestudent
    @strugglingcollegestudent 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much, I was so lost in lecture

  • @jorritmorrit
    @jorritmorrit 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Is this because you consider the HOMO of butadiene?

  • @gordonramsey6826
    @gordonramsey6826 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you

  • @MasHaiHil
    @MasHaiHil 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    in kanjuruan stadium riot accident, 129 people killed because police shot tear gases near supporter tribune

    • @13second24
      @13second24 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hello i am from malang 🥲😊🙏

  • @obaapapapabi3015
    @obaapapapabi3015 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great Explanation. Thanks, Sir.

  • @lucydai9870
    @lucydai9870 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    this is really helpful! thanks for the video

  • @PunmasterSTP
    @PunmasterSTP 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    How to choose? More like “With this content, you can’t lose!”

  • @PunmasterSTP
    @PunmasterSTP 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Seems like it takes an enantiomer to get an enantiomer…

  • @PunmasterSTP
    @PunmasterSTP 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Diastereomers? More like “Definitely great knowledge for sure!”

  • @PunmasterSTP
    @PunmasterSTP 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I really didn’t expect to see this kind of story in an ochem video, but I’m so glad I ran across it!

  • @PunmasterSTP
    @PunmasterSTP 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Reactions of epoxides? More like “Really great information inside!” I’m very glad I found your videos; they’re great to use to review ochem.

  • @frisk61k
    @frisk61k 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    プロトンとして抜けちゃった

  • @anonymousgawd..3047
    @anonymousgawd..3047 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Plzz bring advance optical isomerism

  • @vinodmshan9727
    @vinodmshan9727 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Tear ⛽

  • @sajkdnsaklfhnj
    @sajkdnsaklfhnj 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Amazing!! Thanks 😊

  • @luisfernandes9127
    @luisfernandes9127 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    such a great video!!

  • @aaronbmathew3197
    @aaronbmathew3197 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Second

  • @haileyjade2578
    @haileyjade2578 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    first

  • @bluewheat496
    @bluewheat496 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is so cool!! Thank you so MUCH!!!

  • @faggymcgee9999
    @faggymcgee9999 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    im sad to see u dont have a lot of subscribes, ur videos are very helpful! good luck growing ur channel :)

  • @Quail_Dad
    @Quail_Dad 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nicely done. Some of your videos are clearer and easier to understand than khan academy and crash course.

    • @TotalOrganicChemistry
      @TotalOrganicChemistry 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Different teaching styles work for different people! I'm really glad to know mine works for you.

    • @Quail_Dad
      @Quail_Dad 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@TotalOrganicChemistry 😊

    • @strugglingcollegestudent
      @strugglingcollegestudent 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@TotalOrganicChemistry How did you know to put the OH on our product?

  • @fhakave
    @fhakave 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    some love for the man who helped me reach my deadline <3

  • @Madchemist002
    @Madchemist002 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I believe there's a mistake towards that step that turns the diol into a carboxylic acid. We are using H2CrO4, yet you drew HCrO3. They accomplish the same thing here, mechanistically, I would assume, but this is a discrepancy.

    • @TotalOrganicChemistry
      @TotalOrganicChemistry 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you for the correction. Consistency is key. Though it is noteworthy that the chromium species involved in the mechanism are often ill-defined and don't have a "proper" Lewis structure.

  • @wandererrrrrr
    @wandererrrrrr 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    good job

  •  2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice video, I would like to ask, why does alkene always need a electron withdrawing group come along with to activate this reaction?

  • @venkatibethi98
    @venkatibethi98 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice explanation. Keep it up

  • @timothymilsom1392
    @timothymilsom1392 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you!