mediphysman
mediphysman
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Discovery of the Xray
In 1895 Wilhelm Rontgen published the first paper about x-rays. But was he really the first person to discover the existence of x-rays? That's what we explore in this video.
Many “Thank you”s go to Dr Adrian Thomas for his help with the research into the History of Xrays.
Resources used in this video and further reading:
On a new kind of ray:
www.xtal.iqfr.csic.es/Cristalografia/archivos_10/Uber_eine_neue_art_von_strahlen_ocr.pdf
English Translation
www.nature.com/articles/053274b0
First Radiograph:
By Wilhelm Röntgen - Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12354709
Francis Hauksbee.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Hauksbee
Physico-mechanical Experiments on Various Subjects:
archive.org/details/b30512839/page/n3/mode/2up
William Morgan.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Morgan_%28actuary%29
Electrical Experiments made in order to ascertain the non-conducting power of a perfect vacuum
archive.org/details/philtrans00580668
William Crookes.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Crookes
By George Charles Beresford (1864-1938) - [1], Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33738818
Crookes W. On radiant matter a lecture delivered to the British
Association for the Advancement of Science, at Sheffield, Friday,
August 22, 1879; 1879.
Ivan Puluj
Puluj J. Strahlende Elektrodenmaterie und der sogenannte vierte
Aggregatzustand (Radiant electrode material and the so-called fourth state). Wien: Carl Gerold Sohn; 1883
commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=57718084
www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-28/number-2/physicist-and-electrician-of-ukrainian-roots-johann-puluj-18451918-his-professional-career-and-the-invisible-cathode-rays
commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OpenStax_UPhysicsV3_8.21_X-ray_tube_sketch.webp
Tesla
Tesla N. On reflected Roentgen rays. Electrical Review New York 1896;28(14):171,174.
Tesla N. On the Roentgen streams. Electrical Review New York 1896;29(23):277.
Tesla N. Roentgen ray or streams. Electrical Review New York 1896;29(7):79,83.
Tesla N. On Roentgen radiations. Electrical Review New York 1896;28(15):183,186.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla#/media/File%3ANikola_Tesla%2C_with_his_equipment_Wellcome_M0014782_-_restoration2.jpg
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla#/media/File%3ATwain_in_Tesla's_Lab.jpg
Development of Xray Imaging.
Glasser_1941_The Evolution of Dosimeters in Roentgen Ray Therapy
pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/37.2.221
Schulz RA, Stein JA, Pelc NJ. How CT happened: the early development of medical computed tomography. J Med Imaging (Bellingham). 2021 Sep;8(5):052110. doi: 10.1117/1.JMI.8.5.052110
4d ct of lung
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spiral_4DCT_Lung_%28Post%29.gif
Cardiac ct
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Massives_Aneurysma_der_A_pulmonalis_24W_-_CT_-_001.jpg
Xray of chromosomes
www.diamond.ac.uk/Science/Research/Highlights/2021/Diamond-s-X-rays-measure-the-mass-of-the-human-chromosome-.html
Xray image (photo 51) of DNA
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_51#/media/File:Photo_51_x-ray_diffraction_image.jpg
Xrays from black hole
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Black_Hole_Outflows_From_Centaurus_A.jpg
Xray image of Saturn
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_X-ray_astronomy#/media/File:Saturn_comp.jpg
Xrays from Pluto:
www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia21061-x-rays-from-pluto
มุมมอง: 386

วีดีโอ

Risks of Radiation Therapy
มุมมอง 9017 หลายเดือนก่อน
Radiation Therapy is used everyday to treat and cure cancer, however, can the radiation doses we receive during therapy also make us sick? ...That is what we discuss in this video. Further Resources and Information on Radiotherapy: www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/radiation.html www.iaea.org/resources/rpop/patien...
Risks of Medical Imaging
มุมมอง 2127 หลายเดือนก่อน
Can the radiation we receive from medical imaging be harmful? How much radiation is harmful, and will we ever receive a harmful dose when we get a medical image. ... That's what we discuss in this video. Medical Imaging openclipart.org/detail/340884/x-ray-of-a-hand Types of Medical Imaging commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dental_X-ray_2012_PD_03.JPG commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medical_X-Ray_...
Risks of Radiation
มุมมอง 1547 หลายเดือนก่อน
A video discussing the Helpful and harmful aspects of radiation in our lives. Should we be scared? Can radiation help heal us when we are sick or injured? When is it Helpful and when is if harmful? We will try to answer those questions in this video. Sources of Radiation www.epa.gov/radiation/radiation-sources-and-doses What dose is Dangerous? www.iaea.org/Publications/Factsheets/English/radlif...
Can 3D organoids predict tumor response to radiotherapy?
มุมมอง 2182 ปีที่แล้ว
This @mediphysman research studies the possibility of using 3D tumor organoids to predict the sensitivity of a patients tumor to radiation therapy *before* they receive treatment. This way the treatment they receive might be optimized and personalized to fit what works best for their specific tumor.
How do radiotherapy beams damage DNA?
มุมมอง 4872 ปีที่แล้ว
This research study explores what happens to DNA when we irradiate it with proton beams, x-ray beams, and even alpha particles used for radiotherapy treatment of cancer.
Radiation Biology Mod1 part2
มุมมอง 7872 ปีที่แล้ว
This is part 2 of our first Module in the Radiation Biology course. This video provides an overview of the types of interactions that take place between radiation and matter (in our case tissue), the types of damage these interactions cause, and categorizes these processes.
Radiation Biology Mod1 part1: A brief history of radiation therapy
มุมมอง 1.9K2 ปีที่แล้ว
we discuss the discovery of the x-ray and its first applications for treating skin lesions and then walk through the development of radiation therapy devices over the last 100 years.
Dose Ratio and MU Calculation Lectures - Part III
มุมมอง 3.8K2 ปีที่แล้ว
In Part III of this three part series, we apply what we have learned in parts i & II to do a simple calculation to determine the treatment monitor units to be delivered during a patient treatment.
Dose Ratio and MU Calculation Lectures - Part II
มุมมอง 7K2 ปีที่แล้ว
In Part II of this three part series, we build on what we learned in Part I to develop new Dose Ratios that can be used simple calculations to determine the dose and/or treatment monitor units delivered during a patient treatment.
Dose Ratio and MU Calculation Lectures - Part I
มุมมอง 12K2 ปีที่แล้ว
In Part I of this three part series, we study basic concepts behind radiation therapy treatment, and show how to use the percentage depth dose (PDD) in simple calculations to determine the dose and/or treatment monitor units delivered during a patient treatment.

ความคิดเห็น

  • @elenaortizzzcapri
    @elenaortizzzcapri 2 วันที่ผ่านมา

    I have lots of anxiety about radiation I received from CT scans. abdomen pelvis. 35 age

    • @mediphysman
      @mediphysman วันที่ผ่านมา

      You are not alone. There are a lot of people with very reasonable concerns and anxieties about radiation from medical imaging. I have a video discussing the issues of radiation dose from medical Images.

    • @mediphysman
      @mediphysman วันที่ผ่านมา

      My video on medical imaging and radiation can be found here : th-cam.com/video/0oUy6ividC4/w-d-xo.html Just keep in mind you would need to get about 100 CT scans all at once to get a radiation dose that starts to become dangerous. So 1 scan or a few scans are not dangerous.

  • @AEKfootball
    @AEKfootball 17 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Finally someone with knowledge on the subject. I really loved the explanation on the regular daily DNA breaks vs those that occur after radiation exposure. Sub well deserved 👍

  • @DianeYoung-y6s
    @DianeYoung-y6s 21 วันที่ผ่านมา

    😂

  • @DianeYoung-y6s
    @DianeYoung-y6s 21 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Surprising!!

  • @theviolin259
    @theviolin259 25 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Wow

  • @sudhirdas8
    @sudhirdas8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Just fantastic - thank you so much! So helpful.

  • @sudhirdas8
    @sudhirdas8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This has to be one of the best explained and most concise videos I've watched on this topic. You really should make more videos. Thank you sir - it's much appreciated.

    • @mediphysman
      @mediphysman หลายเดือนก่อน

      Thank you for your kind words!! I have one more video on the History of Xrays to publish. then i will start making Medical Physics & Radiation Biology Lecture videos again.

  • @brianglynn3206
    @brianglynn3206 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Don't agree with. This

  • @bob456fk6
    @bob456fk6 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    It's scary to consider how many researchers were badly injured by x-rays before they knew how dangerous they can be. Around 1950 I was in a shoe store in Dallas where they had a machine to x-ray your feet to show how shoes fit.

    • @mediphysman
      @mediphysman หลายเดือนก่อน

      I agree. They had a foot xray machine in a shoe store we went to when i was young. it didnt work, but the owner told me how when he was young they would often stop by the store and look at xrays of their feet, just for fun!

  • @edwardsmith9644
    @edwardsmith9644 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Good presentation! And it blinked.

    • @mediphysman
      @mediphysman 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

      excellent. thanks for watching (all the way through). keep an eye out for your personal shout out on my next video.

  • @trilliamnellis
    @trilliamnellis 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    great video !

  • @DianeYoung-y6s
    @DianeYoung-y6s 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Very interesting!!

  • @NicholsonNeisler-fz3gi
    @NicholsonNeisler-fz3gi 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Sounds like a good life mission. Nice discussion and very informative

  • @simonecristinadeoliveira
    @simonecristinadeoliveira 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Prezado Doutor! Boa noite! Quais os riscos para uma Radioterapia no Nono Arco Costal, metastase de Cancer de Mama lado direito? Pode prejudicar o pulmão? Agradeço sua atenção! Simone - Brasil. Dear Doctor! Goodnight! What are the risks for Radiotherapy in the Ninth Costal Arch, right sided Breast Cancer metastasis? Can it harm the lungs? Thank you for your attention! Simone - Brazil.

  • @casparcoaster1936
    @casparcoaster1936 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    nothing about cobalt 60? I was treated with at age 12, c.1970 & age 60 c. 2023... know lots of people, but can't find a word about it

  • @scienceoflife4061
    @scienceoflife4061 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    there is same mistakes in those interpolations

  • @DecodingUniverse
    @DecodingUniverse 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    nice

  • @EhsanShakeri-rm1je
    @EhsanShakeri-rm1je 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    That was a great video. Thanks! Please share videos about proton radiotherapy.

  • @hinajavaid2049
    @hinajavaid2049 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you for making videos again. Keep it up please.

  • @sjordan7085
    @sjordan7085 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Interesting video, however, as someone who experienced vaginal vault brachytherapy for Endometrial Cancer with 66% muscle penetration. I would have to say, it was more than disturbing to call the Radiation Oncologist's office only to be told, that no, I could not have Radiation Disease, because I was 'X' number of weeks past my treatment dates, so that could not possibly be the case. Obviously,. I was lied to when Radiation Disease can happen at anytime, even years after treatment. Having one's insides literally toasted, comes along with several really nasty issues, that make day to day living seriously challenging. So far, I have tried medication, and having a Metronics Interstim implant, botox injections, and more recently Bulkamid which has proven totally useless for stress incontinence. The risk of incontinence accidents in social situations can be, and is very stressful. To say nothing of the humiliation and distress caused by actually having the vaginal vault brachytherapy procedure, which felt like being raped, as the doctor literally shoved the cylinder into me, without first checking the shape of internal anatomy. To say it was a horrible degrading and humiliating experience would be an understatement. After that, I told him, I would be the one to place the cylinder, which he then custom made for me. After changing my diet from vegetarian to plant-based high fiber, whole foods, low fat, low protein, no processed foods, sugar or alcohol and using filtered water, my beloved Oncologist rates my risk of recurrence at only 3%. She is totally impressed, I also used fasting before, during and after treatment, and lost 40lbs, still need to lose more. In hindsight, I would not have had radiation treatment, though of course, it was recommended at a 7 on a scale or 1-10. The problems I am now left with two years later, are actually far worse than cancer, and impact my life every single day. Next step is likely a surgical mesh, which may or may not work. My advice to anyone considering Radiation Treatment would be to think first, do your research, and be fully informed before ever embarking on something that can impact your life for good or ill, in ways you may not have, in your wildest dreams considered. By the way, my favourite coffee mug at the moment is one from Seattle Opera depicting, Wagner. During my Radiaiton Therapy, I chose to listen to Ballad for Adeline, an Andre Reiu recording, which brought peace to my soul and one of life's most difficult times. A piece the staff treating me also loved, and asked the name of. Truly beautiful!

  • @KunKosh
    @KunKosh 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    That's the good educational video :)

  • @ChoiMicheal
    @ChoiMicheal 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you. That was very helpful. so I have a question. I was wondering why in clinical measure PDD at 10 cm and 20 cm and look at the ratio.

  • @mansoorkhan97
    @mansoorkhan97 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Why have you stopped making videos. ??? Your explanation is awesome. Can you make a video on Therma, and kernels. Explaining the basics of it. 🙏

  • @Woodman-Spare-that-tree
    @Woodman-Spare-that-tree 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Are we all going to ignore Marie Curie again?

    • @mediphysman
      @mediphysman 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

      First let me say thank you for your comment. ....and here is why: i was wrong to not mention Marie Curie. This video is about the history and development of the use of radiation in medicine. I was under the impression that Marie Curie did not study the medical application of radioactivity. ...thanks to your comment, i discovered this impression was wrong. Marie published a paper that stated "...when exposed to radium, diseased, tumour-forming cells were destroyed faster than healthy cells...", as well as worked with hospitals in France and Britain to teach physicians about the benefits of x-rays. reference: www.nobelprize.org/womenwhochangedscience/stories/marie-curie This is why i love viewer comments. they always seem to teach me something new. thank you. ...and may the legacy of Marie Curie live forever!!

  • @sirpatrick6073
    @sirpatrick6073 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Pls for the scatter factors, a 15 x 15 field gives 1.019 and 1.012 for Sc & Sp respectively. And for the 20x20 cm field size, we have 1.030 and 1.021 for Sc and Sp respectively. So how did you get 1.025 as Sp for your MU calculation

    • @sirpatrick6073
      @sirpatrick6073 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Also,how did you get a depth of 8cm for the calculation I just referenced

    • @mediphysman
      @mediphysman 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

      thank you for the question sirpatrick6073. for the Sc and Sp factors, we calculated an equivalent square field size (@4:55) of 19 x 19 cm2. so we interpolated between the Sc and Sp values for 15 x 15 cm2 filed and 20 x 20 cm2 field listed in the Sc/Sp table (@6:04) to get Sc = 1.025 and Sp = 1.019. Also, the 8 cm depth is a result of wanting to calculate dose a the midline of the brain, where the thickness (distance of separation) for the head was 16 cm. there for midline is at 8 cm depth. Hope that helps. .....thanks for watching!

  • @RODGERSNKURUNZIZA
    @RODGERSNKURUNZIZA 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you sir. I would like to talk to you in your inbox

  • @SouthernAfrican_in_Ghana
    @SouthernAfrican_in_Ghana 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    BEST EXPLANATION EVER....GOD BLESS

  • @peternam1991
    @peternam1991 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    in the OAF session, the label on the graph is swaped.

    • @mediphysman
      @mediphysman 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      thank you. ill look into this.

  • @abdouabdel-rehim8537
    @abdouabdel-rehim8537 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Great videos

  • @imandipaulinharmoniel6530
    @imandipaulinharmoniel6530 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you sir for the great video. Now what happens if the beams arent equally weighted ???

    • @mediphysman
      @mediphysman 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

      in this case, more MUs would be delivered by the higher weighted field and fewer by the lower weighted field.

  • @MalayaC-tn2rl
    @MalayaC-tn2rl 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Please write a textbook for us its so helpful. There are so many med Physicists out there who can not teach despite being competent at their job.

  • @rizwanulhaq7580
    @rizwanulhaq7580 ปีที่แล้ว

    More videos for MU calculations

  • @John-pp2jr
    @John-pp2jr ปีที่แล้ว

    4.50 pierre curie died in a road accident.

    • @mediphysman
      @mediphysman ปีที่แล้ว

      you are correct! He slipped in the street and was run over by a horse drawn carriage (according to his wikipedia page). so, I was wrong. I believe it was Marie Curie that is believed to have died from complications induced by long term exposure to radium. ....thank you for the clarification.

    • @John-pp2jr
      @John-pp2jr ปีที่แล้ว

      @@mediphysman A true scientists reply.

  • @brfisher1123
    @brfisher1123 ปีที่แล้ว

    Yeah, I've read that the majority of the DNA damage from ionizing radiation overall is indirect as you mentioned which makes sense given that water is a much bigger (more abundant) target to ionization than DNA itself. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_damage#Effects_on_water

  • @SasiKumar-xx6pd
    @SasiKumar-xx6pd ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice presentation sir.

  • @SENADA-o4t
    @SENADA-o4t ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for amazing videos! So easly understanding 🍀 Everything you posted is so useful! Please share more content. Greetings from Bosnia❤

    • @mediphysman
      @mediphysman ปีที่แล้ว

      thank you Seneda! I am working on a full course of videos on Radiation Biology. hopefully they will as helpful as the previous videos.

    • @SENADA-o4t
      @SENADA-o4t ปีที่แล้ว

      @@mediphysman looking forward to it 😍

  • @ayeayethinn2242
    @ayeayethinn2242 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for your sharing and very clear it.

  • @almonther97
    @almonther97 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you sir

  • @ManuelRodriguez-ne9dn
    @ManuelRodriguez-ne9dn ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank so much for taking your time explaining each step , before this video I was so lost, I looked for medical physics tutors but no luck, Best of luck in your channel. Here is an idea to increase the channel content, what if you can make a video for each chapter on Medical Physics Book i.e Khan’s The Physics of Radiation Therapy

    • @SENADA-o4t
      @SENADA-o4t ปีที่แล้ว

      Same here! Or maybe Podgorsak? In fact, I would be thankful with only more videos on this topic 😂

    • @mediphysman
      @mediphysman ปีที่แล้ว

      Manuel. this is a good idea. im going to look into possibly doing this.

  • @shujatali642
    @shujatali642 ปีที่แล้ว

    A comprehensive video.

  • @MandeepKaur-np7df
    @MandeepKaur-np7df ปีที่แล้ว

    very nice explanation, easy to understand.

  • @aklilusinte723
    @aklilusinte723 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great thank you....sir... can you make video on isodose distribution and related topic

  • @manjinderdhanoa6237
    @manjinderdhanoa6237 ปีที่แล้ว

    Pl upload more vedioes on radiotherapy like isodose curves and wedge factors wedge angle and planning

  • @petersamir579
    @petersamir579 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much I need your presentation please

  • @MrSandrita1986
    @MrSandrita1986 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I want to resolve many exercises about this topic, can you share me a book or pdf?

  • @brunopinheiro1591
    @brunopinheiro1591 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey! how can I to know at wich depth/distance I need to calc the equivalent square field of 20x18? At surface or at isocenter?

    • @brunopinheiro1591
      @brunopinheiro1591 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      thanks very much for this video! rsrsr i wanna to work as physical of radiation therapy in the next year

    • @mediphysman
      @mediphysman 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Bruno, that's a great question. First, remember our field size is defined at treatment isocenter. this is the most important point. Since we are using an isocentric setup (SAD = 100 cm), we know our treatment isocenter is located 8 cm deep in the patient. Therefore, our equivalent field size for the 20cm x 18cm field is defined at 8 cm depth in the patient (i.e. isocenter). -- hope that helps, MediPhysMan.

  • @kelvinmbelekwa1219
    @kelvinmbelekwa1219 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    As a first year Resident in Clinical oncology, this information is priceless,I truely appreciate it.

  • @weiguangyao994
    @weiguangyao994 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great job Jerimy!

  • @koolkid4650
    @koolkid4650 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi, are you running any course to cover whole subject ? Thank you

    • @mediphysman
      @mediphysman 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      yes. it is currently running for a specific university. so it is only available to their students. ...but once the class has finished, i will start posting more videos for the Radiation BIology "course" here. so make sure you subscribe and stay tuned for more videos this Fall.

  • @divinealchemist1842
    @divinealchemist1842 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you. This is a real great explanation and one of the best I have seen so far.