Episode 86: Dipak Gyawali | Hydroelectricity, Energy, MCC, Investments and Politics

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 5 ต.ค. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 162

  • @shabhyathapa7789
    @shabhyathapa7789 2 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    These types of heavy podcasts are the ones that will spread awareness, I know before this everybody like me thought selling electricity was a good deal now, we are aware of the truth. Thank you Sushant dai for this wonderful podcast.

  • @dipakbudhathoki1969
    @dipakbudhathoki1969 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Absolutely right about kulman Ghising cause chitwan and other many district has still suffering with load shedding.

  • @Vikramaditya-qp1mc
    @Vikramaditya-qp1mc 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    बहुत ही सुंदर और जानकारी से भरपूर पोड़ कास्ट। 🎉🙏

  • @Byassch
    @Byassch 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Thank you for having Deepak sir! Loved the conversation start to finish. This is called quality content.

  • @Savageworths
    @Savageworths 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    We need more of Mr. Gywali in our government to uprise Nepal. It’s an honor to listen to him 🙏

  • @AnishNiroula
    @AnishNiroula 2 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    What a joy to hear. We need more speakers like him on this channel.

    • @sumankhatri9623
      @sumankhatri9623 ปีที่แล้ว

      We need a politician like him not the speaker

  • @Rikeshmaharjanchiku
    @Rikeshmaharjanchiku 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Happy with the fact that the presenter genuinely put forwards his query allowing the guest to explain in detail; unlike in other podcasts/interviews where the presenter simply wants to showcase how much they know and audaciously speaks more than the guest!

  • @funghang3482
    @funghang3482 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    This is the right use of social media
    hats of brother
    Wanna see more technical personality of nepal
    😍😍😍

  • @mr.basnet07
    @mr.basnet07 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    really enjoying watching his working experience, his knowledge of power engineer. i think its first time i am able to find and watching my own field interview.

  • @saugatmallathakuri
    @saugatmallathakuri 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    The conversation was so significant we all Nepalese people should know the fact.❣

  • @sushilabeji9142
    @sushilabeji9142 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    100% quality podcast. This is the right use of social media. Dhanyabad🙏

  • @roseros4466
    @roseros4466 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Please continue these types of intellectual podcasts.

  • @zokera001
    @zokera001 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Listening to an electrical engineer on ENERGY and politics is mind- liberating !!

  • @JOseph-dr1mr
    @JOseph-dr1mr 2 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    Sushant knows the art of perfectly executing a podcast like this. Absolutely resourceful content, keep it coming brother 🙏💙

  • @sujanshrestha7371
    @sujanshrestha7371 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Being a mechanical engineer myself, his view regarding hydro electricity and rope way are spot on.. such a intellect with profound knowledge

  • @grey123
    @grey123 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Always had a question "Will the sales of electricity to India be sustained as it can produce itself and sustain it for a lifetime without getting dependent on others"......This podcast answered it.

  • @ashishshrestha4986
    @ashishshrestha4986 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Amazing Talkshow and actual show regarding current scene of our country.We really need both brain and hand to make our country that our generation need.Thanks man for inviting such good personality .cheers man👍

  • @tayariloksewa
    @tayariloksewa 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Yo content lai maile 1000000 star rating diye venkar quality content dammi naya data thaha vayo

  • @krishnasamarpan07
    @krishnasamarpan07 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Sushant’s podcast is much more better than others.❤

  • @momentovlog9917
    @momentovlog9917 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love Sushant's podcast . the way he brings different sectors intellectual people and make knowledgeable contents...we need more people like him ... love and support from dharan

  • @marg4s83
    @marg4s83 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    The best interview ever, Dipak Gywali and Yubraj Sangraula

    • @maxmaxie1328
      @maxmaxie1328 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I dont agree on few opinion of him..

  • @this_is_not_a_therapy_session
    @this_is_not_a_therapy_session 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I love the way sushant dai asking the right questions.

  • @sublime9525
    @sublime9525 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very very good conversation. I've seen him speak once before and I was in awe at how eloquent he was in English.

  • @saliksatabhdi
    @saliksatabhdi 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This podcast is the best podcast from Nepal.

  • @trendstation8354
    @trendstation8354 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Hey, sushant could you pull it up to kulman ghising in your show .
    Would love to see that .
    And I appreciate your work.
    and another i would like to recommend a podcast with geopolitics expert.

  • @rampantnapit3372
    @rampantnapit3372 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    so knowledgeable podcast wish this could be heard by more people

  • @manishjung7293
    @manishjung7293 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Legend Dipak Gyawali!!! King used to include such personalities

  • @anonymousfalse3485
    @anonymousfalse3485 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    he has a political side as well which is left in this podcast. Waiting for next podcast with him on regards of political ideology.

  • @gunnernicky670
    @gunnernicky670 2 ปีที่แล้ว +23

    Oh man he is the former 9 months prime minister and former chairman of NEA where we all clearly know how it is running before Kulman flattering all the good things about himself which doesn't exist. It may be bias comment but I think he is against Kulman and his achievements. Every one has their own weakness but have to see the good side. This person has come up with technical concept with the blame to others and he could not do what he is taking about when he is minister and chairman of NEA.

    • @jibantamang2194
      @jibantamang2194 ปีที่แล้ว

      After I read ur cmnt I feel bored to listen to this podcast

    • @elbinjung5086
      @elbinjung5086 ปีที่แล้ว

      after watching this podcasts, i knew this man is totally far from any political parties. i love to watch this video that doesn't mean kulman is wrong.

    • @diwasgurung7524
      @diwasgurung7524 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

      😂😂

    • @canmingaming4782
      @canmingaming4782 หลายเดือนก่อน

      He was water resource minister not prime minster and NEA head . Kulman did not end loading shedding loadshedding was ended in big cities like ktm pokhara etc and media publish fake news that he ended loadshedding he did not end loadshedding after modi agree to sell electricity to nepal than the loadshedding ended he did not end load shedding cause private company produce 50 percent of the electricity that is produce

  • @sunilkhatri5605
    @sunilkhatri5605 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Really Amazing talkshow Deepak sir ko fan vaya ❤️

  • @chow-raymhorpaak8322
    @chow-raymhorpaak8322 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wot a clear definition of the use of electricity... salute Mr. Gyaeali

  • @mountainleader998
    @mountainleader998 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    यस्तो-यस्तो विज्ञ, सबै जानेको र सबैकुरा थाहा भएको पात्र कतातिर थियो जब नेपालमा अठार-बिष घण्टा लोडसेटिङ हुदा? जिज्ञासा जाग्यो।

  • @rajeshsapkota3417
    @rajeshsapkota3417 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Sushant brings unknown experts to us ❤

    A deep and quality conversation ❤

  • @sanjaytamot
    @sanjaytamot 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Overall a good conversation to listen to. A constructive conversation on the ground realities of our country which should be mulled over.

  • @ketanbohara8811
    @ketanbohara8811 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thankyou sushant!! Thankyou for the contents you are bringing. This is pure quality.

  • @RomanchRayamajhi
    @RomanchRayamajhi 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    हामीले जे देख्छौ, जे सुन्छौ र हामीलाई त्यही हो कि जस्तो लग्छ । हामीले सबै कुरा यथार्थ सुनेको, बुझेको हुँदैनौ । त्यो सब किन भन्दा जुन कुरा दिपक सरले भन्नुभको छ political fraud पनि एउटा मुख्य कारण हो । हामीले केहि अशिक्षित, अर्धसाक्षर नेता वा कुनै व्यक्तिको कुरा सुनेर, केहि स्वर्थमा चलेको अथवा पैसामा बिक्ने मिडियाहरुले गलत कुरा, अध्ययन नगरी समाचार वा लेख लेख्ने गरेकाले ठीक कुरा के हो भन्ने नै थाहा पाको हुँदैनौ र सुनेको भ्रमलाई नै यथार्थ सोचिराख्छौ त्यस कारण हामीले सबै कुरा पूर्ण विश्वास गर्न हुँदैन । मैले पनि यो podcast हेरेर धेरै नयाँ कुरा सिक्ने मौका पाए र यस्तो content अझै बनिरहोस ता कि सबैले यथार्थ कुरा बुझ्ने, नयाँ कुरा सिक्ने मौक पाउनु हुनेछ र यो भिडियो सबैले हेरेर सिक्नु हुने छ भन्ने आशावादी छु । Sushant जि ले यस्तो podcast अझै बनाउदै गर्नु होला , शुभकामना । धन्यवाद !!

  • @jasonbaidya231
    @jasonbaidya231 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    thank you for bringing him !!

  • @bhusalmarketing
    @bhusalmarketing ปีที่แล้ว

    Heard this whole podcast. Wow podcast can be so much informative and yes this podcast has made my views more clear on the systems 😍

  • @swagger3117
    @swagger3117 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thankyou Sushant and Deepak sir for this insightful podcast.

  • @tayariloksewa
    @tayariloksewa 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Dherai ramailo knowledgeable

  • @aayushkarki1247
    @aayushkarki1247 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Tomorrow is my exam but I am interested to listen this podcast such an informative video 👍

  • @aryankarki7900
    @aryankarki7900 ปีที่แล้ว

    I Always Listen to Mr Dipak Gwali Sir.

  • @rocketdrive-9705
    @rocketdrive-9705 ปีที่แล้ว

    eyes wide open to hear this podcast

  • @painkiller11528
    @painkiller11528 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    New Generations Should follow this podcaster ...... 🙂

  • @anandkandagodthebulbofhapp5922
    @anandkandagodthebulbofhapp5922 ปีที่แล้ว

    It's such a joy listening to your discussion.

  • @zkfnd859
    @zkfnd859 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Chote raja haru ko dozarey bikash ra pahiro hamlai swagat cha....

    • @ramanbhandary7501
      @ramanbhandary7501 ปีที่แล้ว

      So what are your tghoughts on Mr Gyawali's insight?

  • @arundevkota5699
    @arundevkota5699 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    हरेक दीनको १८ घण्टासम्मको लोडसेडिङले हामी साना ठुला सबै नेपालिको सम्पुर्ण क्रियाकलापलाई प्रभाव पारेको थियो। सत्य के हो र के मात्र हो भन्दा, जसरी होस, लोडसेडिङको अन्त्यले सारा जनतालाइ राहत पुगेको छ र त्यसले देशलाइ कुनैपनी कोणबाट हानी पुर्याएको छैन। उत्पादीत बिजुली सबै भारतलाई बेच्ने भनेको कतै सुनीएको छैन, अनि उद्योग खोल्ने नेपाल बिद्दुत प्राधिकरणले हैन। अब अहिली नेपालको माग १२०० मेघावाट छ अनि अर्को बर्षमा धेरै भए २००० होला। अब, देशमा जम्मा २००० मेघावाटको माग छ भनेर के बढी बीजुली खेर फाल्ने? के प्राधिकरणले बिजुली प्रयोगमा प्रेरित गरीरहेको छैन? आफुलाइ बढीभएको र खेर जाने बिजुली अरुलाइ बेचेर पैसा भित्र्याएर कालान्तरमा जनताले र उद्दोगले सस्तोमा बिजुलि पाउँछन् भने कसरी नराम्रो भो? अन्त्यमा जनता खुशी र सुखी राख्नुनै राष्ट्रको पहिलो दाइत्व हैन?

    • @Hiruma_sakamoto
      @Hiruma_sakamoto 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      रातभरी करायो सीता कस्को जोई ?

    • @zkfnd859
      @zkfnd859 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@Hiruma_sakamoto hahaha... preset mentality cha sir... out of the box...non-biased tarika le critical thinking garna sakdainau hami Nepali janta le...
      Esai bhanek hun Nepali janta sabai bheda hun bhanera...

  • @gauravmagar6447
    @gauravmagar6447 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    We collected lots of information today ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️😘

  • @SamyakTamrakar-x4j
    @SamyakTamrakar-x4j 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I'm enthusiastic about Recycling batteries. Instead of relying on them, I'm thinking what if I make my own independently.

  • @aryankarki7900
    @aryankarki7900 ปีที่แล้ว

    मनपर्ने बिश्लेषक।

  • @amanbajracharya8650
    @amanbajracharya8650 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    sisan dai ..and aur podcast vanda ramro x hajur ko podcast...its worth it and knowledgable content.

  • @pankajajoshi1380
    @pankajajoshi1380 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Yes, seems realistic podcast great 👍

  • @sojinnakarmi5039
    @sojinnakarmi5039 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Agreed 💯 with ropeway good transportation.

  • @Thsezar
    @Thsezar 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is eye opening. Thank you for the content like these. Keep it up bro.

  • @furbatamang5894
    @furbatamang5894 ปีที่แล้ว

    I agree with Gyawali sir, we should take his constructive advice.. we should build hydro power to build Nepal. I am absolutely with Gyawali Sir..

  • @this_is_not_a_therapy_session
    @this_is_not_a_therapy_session 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    One of the best podcast ever. Its sad that we youths are not attracted to these kinds of informative contents more than the so called celebrities shits . Best podcast in nepal for sure.

  • @Surazsubedi123
    @Surazsubedi123 ปีที่แล้ว

    I would like to here from Dr ramesh kumar maskey about the hydropower development in Nepal.

  • @sanjayakunwar2640
    @sanjayakunwar2640 ปีที่แล้ว

    very powerful podcast ....

  • @anjanpremi
    @anjanpremi 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Pls bring dr,dwarika nath dhungel(former administrator,political analysis)

  • @Powercouple2023
    @Powercouple2023 5 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Need a longer video with me Deepak

  • @saramshagorkhali101
    @saramshagorkhali101 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hami nepali haru bheda jasto lagcha kaile kai. We are proud as we should be but I think this pride is also our weakness. We need the ability to see ourselves without ego but cold hard facts. Who are we ? what is our real capacity as people and a country ? where do we stand in the world stage ? khali gorkhali nepali, 2nd richest water resources bhandai baseless kura ma ufrera baseko chan manche.

  • @SamyakTamrakar-x4j
    @SamyakTamrakar-x4j 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Instead of rotting the things from social studies in our schools, we should have gained our knowledge from these kinds of podcasts!

  • @zkfnd859
    @zkfnd859 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Could you also shed some light on the mass exodus of skilled manpower, like doctors, engineers, nurses, etc. ? Also how the Nepal government is willingly propagating this exodus of youth abroad, just so they can get a taste of that "remittance tax"..
    P.S. Nepal is going to face a huge shortage of doctors and nurses in the coming 5-8 years. Even, reputed and established doctors are flocking abroad..... all the while, the policy makers do nothing to encourage the retention of this skilled man-power... Sahujis and influential doctors are themselves the policy makers and make policies that helps them gain their personal benefits..

  • @babitachettri4716
    @babitachettri4716 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very informative content.
    Keep on growing .
    Best wishes for the team.

  • @anonymous.8850
    @anonymous.8850 ปีที่แล้ว

    Rope ways is so so good comparatively i agree you sir

  • @nutanchaudhari4560
    @nutanchaudhari4560 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This man is absolutely wrong about Mr. Kulman Ghising. Watch out Alzazeera documentary and wall street Journal documentary on Hydropower possibilities in Nepal🇳🇵. He seems envious.

  • @sauravshrestha1821
    @sauravshrestha1821 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Stunned! 😮

  • @amitpoudel9479
    @amitpoudel9479 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    We need to talk about water benifit
    to india

  • @Blaze-ci4xw
    @Blaze-ci4xw ปีที่แล้ว

    Sarai ramro

  • @sangvm8949
    @sangvm8949 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    bang on again ... awesome show..

  • @SauravPradhan
    @SauravPradhan ปีที่แล้ว

    Wow what a great speaker!! I am convinced this guy dont deserve electricity in Nepal and should shut his mouth if every good thing is a lie

  • @s.k.theengtamang3050
    @s.k.theengtamang3050 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Umm i m 50/50 on his perception..sadhai aafai matra thik hudaina there is other part on everything. Which need to go balanced way..

  • @sagunpokharel
    @sagunpokharel 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Dipak g lea fact kura 60% jati garnu hudo raxa aru chaii yestaii testaii 🙄

  • @nafeesahnaf2387
    @nafeesahnaf2387 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    It would be better if there were subtitles in English

  • @thaneswar125
    @thaneswar125 ปีที่แล้ว

    Let's have a discussion on Hydrogen Fuel Cell. I think we should produce this instead of exporting hydropower.

  • @aryankarki7900
    @aryankarki7900 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great 👍.

  • @rachanakishorko4526
    @rachanakishorko4526 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I am not feeling peaceful listening to this man.Feels like more radical

  • @lila7826
    @lila7826 ปีที่แล้ว

    He is universe .

  • @zkfnd859
    @zkfnd859 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    hamro policy chaina= Commission kei aaudaina.... Road construction company bata tannai commission khai sakey....

  • @prakriti370
    @prakriti370 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Having worked with DG, I really admire his criticism and critical analysis. A very well read man, best podcast till date. We look forward to have Manushi Bhattrai as well.

  • @maxmaxie1328
    @maxmaxie1328 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This Uncle Envy on Kulman is Laughable.
    His role on cancelletion of Arun 3rd is punishable.

  • @nirabraj4477
    @nirabraj4477 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    👍👍👍

  • @mylittlepony4942
    @mylittlepony4942 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great

  • @aryankarki7900
    @aryankarki7900 ปีที่แล้ว

    जाग है नेपाली जाग।

  • @sarasthapa2184
    @sarasthapa2184 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Intellectual one

  • @iamnotbikram9001
    @iamnotbikram9001 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    We want such type of people in our country more❤️

  • @ganeshbasti
    @ganeshbasti 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Gentlemen sounds like spokesman of Rastriya prajatantra party.

  • @funkybuddha1598
    @funkybuddha1598 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Such knowledgeable person should be in government but to our misfortune we have people like Pampha Bhusal and Janardan Sharma and Ram Kumari Jhakri are in government. SMH

  • @bikrammoktan4927
    @bikrammoktan4927 ปีที่แล้ว

    I am almost agree with dipak sir, but when it come about induction, I cant be agreed.. if you want to cook biryani or tandoori like stuff you can use electricity oven. Do you cook tandoori in gas¡¡¡ or you prefer to use tandoor oven?. Green energy is future.

  • @rajuguragain2626
    @rajuguragain2626 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nepal ma vayako full capacity ma electricity produce garara nepal ma noi utilizes garna thik hunxaw
    Gas lai replace garna sakinxaw
    Petrol diesel vehicle lai replace garara hydrogen gas produce garara extra vayako hydrogen export garna sakinxaw

  • @offthecovers5330
    @offthecovers5330 ปีที่แล้ว

    You need to make videos in totally Nepali language so that each and every person could understand

  • @sujanpun4538
    @sujanpun4538 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wow wow wow❤

  • @cva456123
    @cva456123 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Sushant is no energy-hydel expert.. please donot invite single guest...it will reduce your chance of better questioning
    bring a couple expert(minm) and debate on a topic and you mediate...

    • @cva456123
      @cva456123 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Lindeman L. and Schelle P. 1997, Sustainable Development of Hydropower in the
      Arun Valley, Nepal. Masters’ Thesis, Department of Environmental Studies,
      University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
      Nepal Electricity Authority (An Undertaking of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal)
      1993, Arun III Hydroelectric Project, Environmental Assessment and Management,
      Executive Summary. Kathmandu.

  • @zkfnd859
    @zkfnd859 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Hetauda- Ktm ko ropeway ni dhwasta parey

  • @rajendrabhandari9426
    @rajendrabhandari9426 ปีที่แล้ว

    अरुण तीन जति महंगो भए नी बन्थ्यो नी कम्तिमा ल मानौ खाए नि उनिहरुले नै दिएको अनुदान खान्थे हामी बिजुली पाउथेउ !!! कि आफै बनाउ कि बनाउन देउ !!!! न आफू बनाउने न अरुलाई बनाउन दिने !!

  • @rashmigc8720
    @rashmigc8720 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Nepal ma boudhik manche ko kami chaina, Jo aaucha thulo kura garcha jancha, merai goru ko baarai takka..Jaynepal 🇳🇵🇳🇵🇳🇵

  • @Ashishverma-vn3nt
    @Ashishverma-vn3nt ปีที่แล้ว

    bahyi english subtitle de do

  • @EngrossingFacts32
    @EngrossingFacts32 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hawa guff matra every year kunai na kunai hydropower national grid ma jodirako xa, Nepal ma kata matra use garxa tetro power, kaila banne industries?? Tetro lagani garera banako hydro aba jati use hunxa teti matra generate garnu vanne??? ma aafai hydroma kam garxu, jabo tihar ma 3/4 din bida huda almost 800 Mw Nea le ghatayera chaunu parethyo...kun industry le aaila supply pako xaina ra aaila nepal ma paila industries bannu paryo, nepal mai generate vako energy consume hune environment banaunu paryo ni 🫣🫣

  • @tlama4242
    @tlama4242 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    All hats no cattle. The moment you said Kulman just manage electricity through cutting supply to village and industries. I was convinced that you failed the bigger picture here. Kulman was not only engineer but also MBA degree holder.
    It’s about priorities and managing the resources and optimizing it. I still remember that 18 hours load-shedding, so please give some credit when rest fail. I see you have so many stories and analogy and theory but when you got that opportunity to be energy minister, you couldn’t deliver.

  • @excelmonkey4333
    @excelmonkey4333 ปีที่แล้ว

    Arun-3 project is not designed to store much water. This is a project which is being constructed by India. How is India submerging Nepal to store water of its own use? Nepal would be getting 200MW out of 900MW to be produced by Arun-3 project for free. seems to be a fair deal for both the countries.

    • @botatoyy2267
      @botatoyy2267 ปีที่แล้ว

      Like Mahakali Sabdhi??

    • @excelmonkey4333
      @excelmonkey4333 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@botatoyy2267 there was give and take. nothing wrong. here is the text from wikipedia. In 1920, the Indo Nepal water treaty was signed by the British Raj to build the Sarda barrage to irrigate the United Province. This treaty is referred to as the Sarada Treaty. In the treaty, Nepal government agreed to give 4093.88 acres of land on the eastern banks of Mahakali river for the construction. In exchange, Nepal received an equal are of forest land from the British Indian government. In addition, the British Indian government also agreed to give NPR 50,000, a supply of 4.25 m/s out of annual flow of 650 m3/s during the dry season and 13 m/s of water in the wet season which could be further increased to 28.34 m/s if water was available.[1][2]
      In 1971, Nepal started Mahakali Irrigation Project based on the 1920s Sarada agreement with the help from the World Bank in the Panchayat period.[3] In 1977, India and Nepal jointly agreed to investigate the Mahakali river resource.[1]
      In 1981, India started to construct Tanakpur barrage unilaterally on the land which was transferred to British India under the Sarda agreement. Due to technical glitches, the afflux in the eastern side of the Mahakali river in Nepal was not contained thus requiring a bund on the left bank in Nepal. An agreement was reached to provide India with the needed land, about 2.9 hectares, in the Nepal side. Indian agreed to provide 25,000 cusecs of water as well as supply 25 MW of electricity. Nepal, however, demanded 50 and 59 percent share in water and electricity respectively, but not agreed upon.[1]
      In 1991, during the visit of Nepalese Prime Minister to India, Nepal government agreed to allow construction of the 577 meters long bund. In return, India agreed to provide 28.34 m/s cusecs of water annually with 10 million units of electricity. However, the issue led to political turmoil in Nepal. Due to political turmoil, in October 1992, a new Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed in which India agreed to provide 20 million units of electricity in exchange for the 2.9 ha land India was getting.[1]
      As required by Article 126 of the Constitution of Nepal, the Mahakali treaty was approved by a two-third majority of the joint upper and lower houses of Parliament.[4]
      On 12 February 1996, the Mahakali treaty was signed by the Nepalese Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba and the Indian Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao in Delhi[5] and ratified by the parliament with 2/3rd majority on 20 September 1996 in Nepal.[6] The Treaty was concluded in four months of official negotiations.[7]
      The Mahakali treaty replaced the previous agreement regarding the Mahakali River from the Sarada Barrage and the Tanakpur Barrage.[8]