Author's Note There's an error at 10:40 - I flipped things around on black hole hawking radiation, energy/frequency is INVERSE to mass, wavelength is linear :) The previous discussion is right, just botched it there, sorry about that.
If we're being nitpicky strictly speaking they still be technically x-rays I believe. The usual definition of gamma ray is originating in the nucleus. Hence we can x-rays of much higher energy than we are used to (see medical linear accelerators which operate at MeV energies) and gamma rays with energies much lower than we're used to (the thorium 229 clock transition is 10s of eV, which is a few nanometers in wavelength)
I hope you cover the magnetic affect around our black hole. I always thought dyson spheres were art project bs for advanced civilizations. The magnetic effect around the milky way black hole comes off as more of a type X civilization baby! Thanks for listening to me prattle.
Minimum mass black holes are 22 milligrams. Abou the weight of a mosquito. Arrays of them can dance around and do all sorts of things. Think of Cooper pairs of electrons and how they make superconductivity possible. So, you have two kugleblitz' interact in a way that extends their life, indefinitely. then you tickle them to get them to decay to produce a burst of energy. Now, a collection of these guys can store and process information. So, you could drop your troops in a sheet of engineered minimum mass black holes and every atom and its quantum state is stored in the sheet. You roll it up fire it at the planet, and tell the mechanism to eject your troops in the center of the Presidential Palace as its passing through. You can do other stuff with it too.
Idea for a future topic: interstellar trade. What would two Kardashev II civilizations trade with each other when they both have access to pretty much whatever they need within their own solar systems?
Same as smaller scales, most likely: they’ve got resources, but maybe one system has less of a specific resource by random chance or they have an even greater demand than supply. It’s no different than a tribe of early nomadic humans asking what the U.S. would possibly want to trade with China for, just scaled up even more.
Me: *Sees Title* Weaponizing Blackholes Also me: That seems pretty normal and mundane eh, should be feasible Lord Arthur: *Excellent the spice is working*
I was about to throw a ton-sized black hole at my nosy neighbor, thanks to this vid I'll now make sure to consider the implications of it's subatomic size.Thanks Arthur!
They're ALL the first rule of warfare. You can't reasonably rank one rule over another, as it would result in disaster to put any one of the concepts 'on the back burner'
Technically it's the best way to hide an army. Probelm is if you want them coming out as anything recognizable or even remotely useful other than as hawking radiation.
"... it's far easyer to blow up a house with a few kilos of explosives than to drop a mountain on it" But, dropping a mountain on it gets the point across way better, so you may never need to blow up a house again.
I feel like that’s how every tiny species in the Milky Way feels with the imperium of man around in 40k. At least the orks, nids and necrons will just kill you, the imperium will write scripture about the genocide of your people and call it holy. They will then give the planet(s) in question a direct dose of nurgles personal COVID and then light the atmosphere on fire.
Someday, Arthursday will become an official day of the week. Probably in an independent O'Neill cylinder orbiting the Jovian system, but it will happen at least once.
@@williamhand4349 yeah, but I'll either be too old to get true biological immortality and only live into my thousands in this continuous existence, or I'll be out near Sirius or some such and coming back for just a Ringworld, when I could just create a clone, digital or otherwise to live there for a bit and then just recollect the memory data later just doesn't make sense. Either way, the me here would be a different entity on some level, thus it wouldn't truely be me.
@@theapexsurvivor9538 functional immortality is impossible. Eventually you'd run out of memory space, this forget your past thus you'd no longer be you but a clone
Thanks for the opportunity to write music for SFIA! This was a very interesting episode and I’m happy to have it housed here in a black hole one. Maybe a bit of intentional contrast from the power potential discussed.
Hypothetical question based on my understand that two event horizons that overlap (touch) can't ever separate again: Imagine a 1 billion solar mass black hole (so the event horizon is massive and very gravitationally weak) is travelling at a velocity of 0.9c through empty flat intergalactic space, now imagine an identical 1 billion solar mass black hole travelling at 0.9c but in exactly the opposite direction so the two are heading roughly towards each other. The black holes paths, once all the space time warping is taken into account, aren't on a direct collision but the outer most edges of the event horizons will just 'clip' each other, ordinarily only overlap for a fraction of a nano second as these two bodies are travelling at such incredibly fast velocities and in opposite directions to each other. So firstly, am i right in thinking that if two event horizons overlap they can never 'unlap'. Secondly, what would happen to this incredible amount of momentum of each other the black holes? Would it just get instantly turned into gravitational energy? Bearing in mind when black holes normally merge it happens very slowly as black holes slowly move closer and closer together over millions of years giving of gravitational energy as that happens, so not in a fraction of a nano second as in this case. and thirdly, what would this look like? Would the event horizons remain fairly spherical and the radiated energy just insane or would they stretch and warp into a kind of long thin elastic event horizon as they shoot past each other and then over time slow down and snap back to each other?
Is anyone keeping track of the first rules of warfare. We can collectively publish the coffee table tomb Isaac Arthur's First Rules of Warfare, A Companion Novel to Art of War.
Before watching the video, I just wanted to mention that I recently read some books where singularities were used as weapons by very advanced alien races. One was the most recent The Expanse series book _Tiamat's Wrath_ , where there was a sort of booby trap set up where once it was "tripped" extra matter was dropped into a rapidly spinning neutron star which then collapsed into a black hole and blasted intense radiation out of its poles. The other books were written by Greg Bear and while the weapons weren't exactly black holes, they were still of the "uber-massive" category (neutron stars). The books were _The Forge of God_ and _Anvil of Stars_ . Both very good books. In fact, Forge is arguably one of the best "world destruction" stories that I've ever read. The descriptions of the Earth as it literally blows up (a process which takes a long time before it reaches its spectacular fiery conclusion) and the characters you've come to know and love throughout the book dying as a result, are awesome. I highly recommend that book to anyone interested in movies like _independance Day_ and _War of the Worlds_ . It's sequel is pretty good and includes many more examples of using gravity wells as weapons, usually by dropping them into a planet's core along with another sort of catalyst mass which revolve around each other until combining with catastrophic results. Now...on to the video! ;)
@@mingerone Oh, it would be fine to mention it twice! ;) The more people who know and read The Expanse the better! ;) BTW, pleased to meet you, fellow Expanse fan! :)
Gotta say, being a regular viewer of Isaac Arthur has drastically changed the way I look at sci-fi. I've finally gotten around to playing Mass Effect Andromeda and I'll be thinking things like "oh come on, that scale is way off," or "why would they only bring one seed vault for their botany requirements?!?" or "why does a 15 km ship only have 20,000 colonists???" Isaac should be a consultant more often lol. Or a. author himself.
@@pentagramprime1585 would go there, but only if they served matrioshka burgers, Kardashev fries (K1, K2, and K3 (hidden K4 & K5 for feeding your extended family)), Kugelblitz cola, and a slushy/icecream dispenser called the "Santa Claus Machine". Also, the motto could be: Welcome to Science and Fastfood at Isaac Arthur's, we don't really know the meaning of "over the top". Or something to that effect.
@ TheApexSurvivor I love the concept. But, on top the fact that Issac Arthur already has two jobs (imagine him having to clean the "Santa Clause Machine" after hours) is there really a market for people who want the the "K3 Super Combo?"
Lol yeah, hmm do dyson sphering a star counts? I mean we are using a fusion powered thing, Well, i mean black holes has enough brute force to fuse things in fact it is the power needed to keep our quasi-stars from imploding that we made just for shit and giggles. Later; Yeah we have mastered entropy, capable of reversing it, make new information (creation) even entire realities, and reverse the expansion of the universe plus controlling the expansion locally to permit warp travel and communication, but fusion? Nawh it's still 20 years in the future. Later 2nd edition, Yeah we can alter the basic ontological framework of realities, and have do so, we made a finite multiverse, infinite and more, but fusion... well maybe 20 more years, now thinking to just erase the concept from existence entirely or altering discovered_fusion = false to = true or creating a supertask to do it. Later reboot, What is fusion again? Oh yeah by the way the concept of power itself is now meaningless, we have transcended concepts and reality itself, bye bye
If you got a perfect gamma ray mirror (or if you could freely play around with black holes and thus curve spacetime just right) you could make the equivelant of the wave motion cannon from space battleship yamato. Basically have a black hole collapse and release it's final burst of hawking radiation that get's redirected in a single beam.
@20:00 could you also have two black holes which arr already orbiting and fire them both as a pair? They could be tuned so the ring down is artificially accelerated (using whatever method you are using to manipulate them in the first place) that way you can fire from 'one source'
I think your fifth :-) “Rule of Warfare #1”, “Don’t blow yourself up” is actually Rule #1 of Space Travel: 1) Don’t blow up. 2) Don’t paint yourself into a corner. 3) Choose your traveling companions with care.
All *hail* sir Isaac! *The conqueror of the intergalactic realm; the omnisaiah of stellar slavation and the destroyer of Artificial Intelligence manece!* '' Let's B -xenophobic- machinephobic; its really ought this year... ''
As always huge fan, and I thank you for doing what you do, I love learning things for the sake of knowledge, but specifically your channel is really helping my writing. More fantasy than Sci Fi, but still a healthy dose of science, and there is so much I never considered, of course I know a new technology opens many new doors, but the sheer scale and some of the creative ideas I've seen are astounding. Keep it up my friend, that is all I can say.
What other channel could have a video titled "Weaponizing Black Holes" , and just have it be another weekly upload, all while not being clickbait? No other channel. That's the answer. Keep it up man.
Yeah, Isaac keeps making things that dwarf anything humans have ever achieved by several orders of magnitude seem completely typical and mundane. I'm personally waiting for a video on K4 civilization and why it's not an unreasonable goal.
I've been waiting for this episode for a loooong time! I love it even before I watch it! As always you make PHENOMENAL content! And I've started working on the footage for my own science video series based on SFIA. It's going to be great!
It's a standing military joke - there's millions of "rules of warfare", and they all start "the 1st rule of warfare is", normally followed by some pithy common sense comment or a quote from Sun Tzu.
"It's far easier to blow up a house with a few kilos of explosives, than it is to drop a mountain on it!" Sometimes you need to drop a mountain on a house for people to get the point.
I noticed it, as well at the begining. It was nice to see. Mabye we'll get something similar to the Gigastructural engineering mod that lets us slowly build to kashardev 2, by constructing a dyson sphere, then building the kind of things we get to see in his later videos.
@@tzaphkielconficturus7136 I believe there's a Gigaengineering mod for Stellaris, but I doubt the game engine supports things like moving systems around. Which is too bad because that'd be one hell of a cool tech for Fallen Empires to have
"It's massive enough that if it passed through your house, you'd probably get bones broken, and those x-rays it was giving off would tell you which ones" I dunno why this made me break out in laughter but it did.
Mr. Arthur, even though I just left a video on pause at start so I can watch it before bedtime, it's always a pleasure having to watch your content and thank you for what you do! I'm glad I was interested in all this before I discovered your channel a few months ago so I can comprehend most of what you say and it's really interesting! :)
The comments about "gamma ray mirrors", starting at about 22:57, overlook an important physical process, namely pair production. At energies above twice the mass of an electron - twice 511,000 eV, or 1.022 Mev - photons can produce pairs of electrons and positrons. A spherical mirror, full of gamma rays bouncing around, would soon be filled with electrons and positrons. If the mirror is made of matter, any positrons that would hit the walls of the mirror would then annihilate themselves and part of the mirror. If the mirror is made of antimatter, any electrons would do the same thing. If the mirror is made of some sort of electromagnetic field, then there would be all sorts of odd scattering processes involving gamma rays and positrons and electrons bouncing off each other, plus little explosions where the positrons and electrons annihilate each other and create photons of various frequencies. The gamma rays would tend to be turned into X-rays, and then UV, and then visible light as things scatter off each other. Add in a black hole that might absorb some of this stuff, and might build up some random rotation (angular momentum) and electric charge as things progress, and things get very messy indeed. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair_production
Isaac, have you ever read Neal Asher's books? They have a concept of bouncing a black hole between two points in the stories' version of hyperspace in order to trap enemy ships from escaping through hyperspace.
Well, if there's one thing to learn from this episode it's that the first rule of war is a very messy and complicated thing that requires years of study to truly master.
Many scientists & geeks: "Gee, we see no sign of interstellar war. Fermi paradox! We're alone!" Aliens: "There's nothing to fight over, and nothing we'd wanna throw away to fight it with." Given the functionally infinite resources of space, and that the mechanisms of prosecuting such conflicts are themselves more valuable than anything to be won in a conflict, there will be no conflict. Any species so psychotic that it would have the conflict anyway will not survive their own planetary great filters to even reach the infinite resources of space. [You don't want to admit that part because so much of your species is still so psychotic they would not pass this filter themselves. In your mind, you know they could still doom the rest of you along with them, and you don't want to admit your fate could be in their hands. So you write fantasies in which their insanity could actually pass by the filter and have wars in space just like 19th century colonialism -- which even failed on this planet. No wonder Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, and Richard Branson are hailed like saviors: there's the sane way out at last!] Spacefaring civilizations are those who were wise enough to know when enough was enough already while they were still on a planet. Then, faced with the boundless plenty out there, there is really no pressure to develop blindly, no particular hurry to expand, and no one to compete with who isn't already busy doing something entirely different in a far distant place. In every case, two parties could fight over an asteroid, or even a star system, or they could share it, or they could both just each go get their own whole one for themselves. Anyone smart enough to calculate that [+1 or +.5 wealth at no risk] is better than [-.5 or -1 with a high chance of death], will make the obvious decision. People who are literally smart enough to do rocket science can get that. The universe is too young for conflicts to arise among spacefaring species yet. When the first wave of red dwarfs sizzle out in 10 trillion years, things might start to get a little tighter. There will still be plenty of mass-energy left to use, but when you have to start bringing your own flashlight to find your next meal, you might start thinking about long-term conservation strategies. NO human has ever even left earth's orbit, and you've already figured out how live off your home star for trillions of years, and off black holes and iron stars for 10^120 years. After that, when even those are going away, you may finally reach the point where you have to worry about how to screw over the other guy for what he's got. Or, as Isaac has said before, you can throw one last big party to celebrate the grand sand castle that was this universe, and go out holding hands as the final tide washes over. There is a voice on the wind, a song across the last waves of energy: "Win condition type-B achieved. Game reset imminent. Thank you for playing."
Well, I checked, and people like Carolyn Porco and Frank Drake agree with me. I don't need their agreement to be right, and them agreeing doesn't make any of us right, but that does make it a "camp" of sorts, and the collective resumes do give it a certain weight, socially and intellectually. Apparently, others like Steven Hawking and Elon Musk don't agree, and their collective resumes certainly qualify as another legitimate "camp." They think we are reckless, and I think they are afraid of their own shadows in this matter. If interstellar war & oppression is going to be the norm, then the ones who get there first will have the high ground and keep it, and there's nothing anyone can do about it, ever. If interstellar peace is the norm, then it doesn't matter who comes when, as long as they bring their best and play nice with others on the Big Kids' Playground. If we get there and find the playground is empty, then there's no boundaries and the sky's the limit. It's all out there for us to work, so we should get to it and spread life out from earth until we find someone else to share it with. Nature has given us this commission.
All rules of warfare are the first. That's because the first rule of warfare is if you don't follow the first rule of warfare, you won't have a chance to follow the second.
"a black hole is essentially a flare" - yup, there is a step down descent chain from blazars - magnetars - quasars - XPINS/RRAPS - pulsars - solar flares
Honestly, I don't suspect that weapons and warfare as we understand them will be relevant on the time scales necessarily involved in interstellar conflicts. It represents more than just an effort to destroy the opponent; it represents a vital goal worth staking existential risk on, which can be achieved only by destroying the opponent. Such a goal usually involves averting an imminent disaster (which you can't do fast enough given the delays of interstellar relations) or an urgent need for resources (which you will attain too late to help you given the delays of interstellar relations). And if it's not one of those two things, it still has to be something you have no confidence in your own ability to solve given all the centuries or millennia that warfare would take. So, I'm not seeing it. Then again, military experts have foreseen the end of aerial plane-to-plane dogfighting with every new generation of military aircraft, citing speeds and ranges and turning radiuses that made it "impossible" and all those forecasts don't seem yet to matter when aircraft are involved in combat.
Hi Issac, do you plan on making vids about sci-fi weapons? For instance, what would be the difference between the effectiveness of nuclear werhead and anti-matter warhead(like photon torpedos in Star Trek) in vaccum space?
I could use these "weapons of galactic destruction" ideas for my 31st century space-based trilogy (that may or may not happen lol)! Muahhahahahahaha!!!
I've been falling asleep to this channel for the last 3 nights... honestly a joy to listen to you bro, much thanks this is the whiskey talking, but what about aliens hiding inside stars?
Couldn't tiny Black Holes be used to snipe enemy Black Hole Generators? Threatening a colonized black hole with an Armor Piercing tiny Black Hole would be effectively terrifying! (Great Mutually Assured Distruction or blackmail strategy)
Yep, you can even make a "rapid fire" machine gun that shoots one every few seconds to destabilize larger black hole colonies, or to clean up that K2 ant infestation at Zeta Reticuli...
I'm yet to watch, but judging by the title this one kinda seems painfully obvious 1) The regular way. You launch it into someone's face and watch that face get spagettified 2) The longer way. You use it in a traditional black hole farm way to generate power for your Cosmic Death Ray 3) The perverted way. You take a really tiny one, launch it into someone's face and watch it go Hawking Boom Surprise me with more, Isaac)
Author's Note There's an error at 10:40 - I flipped things around on black hole hawking radiation, energy/frequency is INVERSE to mass, wavelength is linear :) The previous discussion is right, just botched it there, sorry about that.
We'll forgive you.
If we're being nitpicky strictly speaking they still be technically x-rays I believe. The usual definition of gamma ray is originating in the nucleus. Hence we can x-rays of much higher energy than we are used to (see medical linear accelerators which operate at MeV energies) and gamma rays with energies much lower than we're used to (the thorium 229 clock transition is 10s of eV, which is a few nanometers in wavelength)
Hey Isaac! Another error in this video is that you credit Kurzgesagt as "Kurzgesacht" just a minor thing but I thought you should know.
I hope you cover the magnetic affect around our black hole. I always thought dyson spheres were art project bs for advanced civilizations. The magnetic effect around the milky way black hole comes off as more of a type X civilization baby!
Thanks for listening to me prattle.
"Author's note"? More like "Arthur's Note."
Yeah? Yeah I'll go now...
"While it is easy to hide your troops inside a black hole, you can't deploy them from there, except as Hawking radiation"
Such a dry joke I love it
Minimum mass black holes are 22 milligrams. Abou the weight of a mosquito. Arrays of them can dance around and do all sorts of things. Think of Cooper pairs of electrons and how they make superconductivity possible. So, you have two kugleblitz' interact in a way that extends their life, indefinitely. then you tickle them to get them to decay to produce a burst of energy. Now, a collection of these guys can store and process information. So, you could drop your troops in a sheet of engineered minimum mass black holes and every atom and its quantum state is stored in the sheet. You roll it up fire it at the planet, and tell the mechanism to eject your troops in the center of the Presidential Palace as its passing through. You can do other stuff with it too.
Ef o'Vex
I thought the same about the mini-blackhole through the house, lmao.
@@williammook8041 lmao nature said “time stops here” and we said “no”
Idea for a future topic: interstellar trade. What would two Kardashev II civilizations trade with each other when they both have access to pretty much whatever they need within their own solar systems?
Entertainment/trash talk
Dr Shaym? I never expected you to be here.
Entertainment, valuable items like art pottery, wine grown from their planets wine vineyard.
@@69Kazeshini memorabilia and services I suspect
Same as smaller scales, most likely: they’ve got resources, but maybe one system has less of a specific resource by random chance or they have an even greater demand than supply. It’s no different than a tribe of early nomadic humans asking what the U.S. would possibly want to trade with China for, just scaled up even more.
Episode idea for an April Fool's special:
The Second Rule of Warfare
I need this.
Pretty sure it will instruct us to reference Rule #1
Rule #2 - “Make the other poor dumb bastard die for his...”
www.dailymotion.com/video/x156uvg
Rule #2 is make sure you follow Rule #1!
Rule #2: don't fuck up rule #1
So how many first rules of warfare do you want?
Isaac Arthur: *yes*
Yes
How many are we at now?
@@BlackEpyon Yes.
Rule #1: All rules are rule #1
Is there a rule #2 in warfare?
Me: *Sees Title*
Weaponizing Blackholes
Also me: That seems pretty normal and mundane eh, should be feasible
Lord Arthur: *Excellent the spice is working*
That's some spicy knowledge
eh, seems plausiable
Got my Spice, drink and a snack.
First Rule of Warfare: Make sure your spice is working.
@@Jitts.the.caffeinated Make sure your spice is flowing. ^ Fixed it for you.
"...you can't deploy your troops from there, except as Hawking radiation..."
New keyboard please. 🤣
I love how casual we have become about doing several things with black holes
Well, when you start talking about K3 civs, black holes seem pretty mundane by comparison. It's one of the many things that make SFIA amazing.
Finally a video with some use for personal practical applications!
lol yes provided you are a god :-=).
I was about to throw a ton-sized black hole at my nosy neighbor, thanks to this vid I'll now make sure to consider the implications of it's subatomic size.Thanks Arthur!
Sounds like you have an exciting life
@@lodos1330 I do
@@bluephoe9353 gotta be considerate
I'm surprised how many first rules of warfare there are...
I laughed a lot at hiding your troops in a black hole. That's a really good one :)
Sounds incredibly Dr. Who.
They're ALL the first rule of warfare. You can't reasonably rank one rule over another, as it would result in disaster to put any one of the concepts 'on the back burner'
These First Rules Of Warfare are like the First Ones of Babylon 5. There's a lot more than one of them, and you lose track after "Zog".
Technically it's the best way to hide an army. Probelm is if you want them coming out as anything recognizable or even remotely useful other than as hawking radiation.
@@singletona082 you could make a hawking powered santa machine...
"Ruin your whole epoch" ...that's devastating. I love it!
I've always pronounced it "E-pok" but my colleagues all say "Epic" ... Does this mean I was right all along?
1. This is a great phrase and I’m going to use it anytime I can work it into a conversation.
2. I’ve always pronounced it “E-Pok”
It's e-pok
"I'm about to end this man's whole epoch..."
"... it's far easyer to blow up a house with a few kilos of explosives than to drop a mountain on it"
But, dropping a mountain on it gets the point across way better, so you may never need to blow up a house again.
Person: Get off ma lawwn!
**proceeds to have mount f@$!ing Everest dropped on him from orbit**
Other person: Shows _them._
This is the first rule of warfare: Demonstrate so much force that none of your enemies dare attack you
Hello, Ender Xenocide.
The best weapons are used just once.
Why blow up a house when you could smash a continent from orbit?
Great video, as always. "Snipers don't sneak up and shoot people with bazookas." I don't know why, but that made me laugh my ass off.
Hmmm ... how would he know that?
He is a bazooka.
Except in Bleach
Not in MY video game
No, we reverse pickpocket live grenades and then run away silently cackling until the meat shattering kaboom.
Someone should do a video of all Issac's Rule #1 of warfare quotes.
rule #1 of warfare: there is no rule # 1
@@MrRyanroberson1 Rule #2: Refer to Rule #1...
Rule #1: Win
Rule #1: Keep your rule #1's in order
@Jonathan Stiles I personally like what Jonathan said. Sums up everything beautifully.
I am not even close to being sick of the "first rule of warfare" jokes, yet. Lol.🤣
I honestly just find them logical.
Any Law of war is the first one when it's relevant.
Fledgling spacefaring civilization-exists
Xenophobic hyper advanced civilization- I’m about to ruin this mans whole epoch.
*This puny race
So
This is Xabir...
I feel like that’s how every tiny species in the Milky Way feels with the imperium of man around in 40k. At least the orks, nids and necrons will just kill you, the imperium will write scripture about the genocide of your people and call it holy. They will then give the planet(s) in question a direct dose of nurgles personal COVID and then light the atmosphere on fire.
"What we have here gentlemen, is a Black Hole Gap."
Is that from the vid?
Isaac's proposal : sniper doesn't sneak up and fire bazooka.
Military : Heeeyyyy, that's a good idea.
Someday, Arthursday will become an official day of the week.
Probably in an independent O'Neill cylinder orbiting the Jovian system, but it will happen at least once.
#HabitatGoals
It'll be one on the Niven type Ringworld that our children/grandchildren will live on (while in their 10,000s)...
@@theapexsurvivor9538
You'll be there as well. The ability to become immortal is coming, sooner than you think. ^_^
@@williamhand4349 yeah, but I'll either be too old to get true biological immortality and only live into my thousands in this continuous existence, or I'll be out near Sirius or some such and coming back for just a Ringworld, when I could just create a clone, digital or otherwise to live there for a bit and then just recollect the memory data later just doesn't make sense. Either way, the me here would be a different entity on some level, thus it wouldn't truely be me.
@@theapexsurvivor9538 functional immortality is impossible. Eventually you'd run out of memory space, this forget your past thus you'd no longer be you but a clone
Thanks for the opportunity to write music for SFIA! This was a very interesting episode and I’m happy to have it housed here in a black hole one. Maybe a bit of intentional contrast from the power potential discussed.
Hypothetical question based on my understand that two event horizons that overlap (touch) can't ever separate again:
Imagine a 1 billion solar mass black hole (so the event horizon is massive and very gravitationally weak) is travelling at a velocity of 0.9c through empty flat intergalactic space, now imagine an identical 1 billion solar mass black hole travelling at 0.9c but in exactly the opposite direction so the two are heading roughly towards each other. The black holes paths, once all the space time warping is taken into account, aren't on a direct collision but the outer most edges of the event horizons will just 'clip' each other, ordinarily only overlap for a fraction of a nano second as these two bodies are travelling at such incredibly fast velocities and in opposite directions to each other.
So firstly, am i right in thinking that if two event horizons overlap they can never 'unlap'.
Secondly, what would happen to this incredible amount of momentum of each other the black holes? Would it just get instantly turned into gravitational energy? Bearing in mind when black holes normally merge it happens very slowly as black holes slowly move closer and closer together over millions of years giving of gravitational energy as that happens, so not in a fraction of a nano second as in this case.
and thirdly, what would this look like? Would the event horizons remain fairly spherical and the radiated energy just insane or would they stretch and warp into a kind of long thin elastic event horizon as they shoot past each other and then over time slow down and snap back to each other?
Is anyone keeping track of the first rules of warfare. We can collectively publish the coffee table tomb Isaac Arthur's First Rules of Warfare, A Companion Novel to Art of War.
Wait - I'm trying to take notes. What's the first rule of warfare again?
I think there are 200-some first rules of warfare. Lol
@@suzieBirdoSum009 No just 13. www.bevinalexander.com/books/how-wars-are-won.htm
Don't pick a fight with your weapon supplier.
The first rule of warfare is "Don't take notes when people are shooting at you."
Win
Before watching the video, I just wanted to mention that I recently read some books where singularities were used as weapons by very advanced alien races. One was the most recent The Expanse series book _Tiamat's Wrath_ , where there was a sort of booby trap set up where once it was "tripped" extra matter was dropped into a rapidly spinning neutron star which then collapsed into a black hole and blasted intense radiation out of its poles. The other books were written by Greg Bear and while the weapons weren't exactly black holes, they were still of the "uber-massive" category (neutron stars). The books were _The Forge of God_ and _Anvil of Stars_ . Both very good books. In fact, Forge is arguably one of the best "world destruction" stories that I've ever read. The descriptions of the Earth as it literally blows up (a process which takes a long time before it reaches its spectacular fiery conclusion) and the characters you've come to know and love throughout the book dying as a result, are awesome. I highly recommend that book to anyone interested in movies like _independance Day_ and _War of the Worlds_ . It's sequel is pretty good and includes many more examples of using gravity wells as weapons, usually by dropping them into a planet's core along with another sort of catalyst mass which revolve around each other until combining with catastrophic results. Now...on to the video! ;)
Was just about to mention Tiamat's Wrath!
Pleased I scrolled through to stop the repetition.
Tenye wa diye gut!
@@mingerone Oh, it would be fine to mention it twice! ;) The more people who know and read The Expanse the better! ;) BTW, pleased to meet you, fellow Expanse fan! :)
"As usual we'll bypass the ethical implications" Sounds like the US army motto.
Stellaris Soundtrack "The Titan" in the intro. My favorite track :)
Is it Thursday already?? Time to make some hot chocolate
Mmm, that's a good idea
^-- basically half of the comments
Uploaded just as I'm about to have lunch. Perfect timing.
I heard the smile you wore when you said "the first rule of warfare" that second time
(And this is a note for anyone living around black holes)
Today I learned that micro black holes are impractical as weapons, but awesome for practical jokes.
However their great at wiping out black hole powered matrioshka worlds.
Except if you put a down payment on a ring on it
Gotta say, being a regular viewer of Isaac Arthur has drastically changed the way I look at sci-fi.
I've finally gotten around to playing Mass Effect Andromeda and I'll be thinking things like "oh come on, that scale is way off," or "why would they only bring one seed vault for their botany requirements?!?" or "why does a 15 km ship only have 20,000 colonists???"
Isaac should be a consultant more often lol. Or a. author himself.
or how they build all these mega-structures and don't have a proper Dyson swarm or sphere :P
A DRINK
AND
A SNACK
I know Issac said that he wouldn't want to run an aerospace company. But what about a restaurant chain by this name?
pentagramprime I’d eat there.
@@pentagramprime1585 would go there, but only if they served matrioshka burgers, Kardashev fries (K1, K2, and K3 (hidden K4 & K5 for feeding your extended family)), Kugelblitz cola, and a slushy/icecream dispenser called the "Santa Claus Machine".
Also, the motto could be: Welcome to Science and Fastfood at Isaac Arthur's, we don't really know the meaning of "over the top". Or something to that effect.
Let us toast and eat toast too
@ TheApexSurvivor I love the concept. But, on top the fact that Issac Arthur already has two jobs (imagine him having to clean the "Santa Clause Machine" after hours) is there really a market for people who want the the "K3 Super Combo?"
The year is 2987. Black holes power civilization as batteries.
Fusion is still in the future though.
It's always 10 years out
@@jcarletto27 Hey last i heard it was always twenty years out. So... progress? Ish?
Lol yeah, hmm do dyson sphering a star counts? I mean we are using a fusion powered thing,
Well, i mean black holes has enough brute force to fuse things in fact it is the power needed to keep our quasi-stars from imploding that we made just for shit and giggles.
Later;
Yeah we have mastered entropy, capable of reversing it, make new information (creation) even entire realities, and reverse the expansion of the universe plus controlling the expansion locally to permit warp travel and communication, but fusion? Nawh it's still 20 years in the future.
Later 2nd edition,
Yeah we can alter the basic ontological framework of realities, and have do so, we made a finite multiverse, infinite and more, but fusion... well maybe 20 more years, now thinking to just erase the concept from existence entirely or altering discovered_fusion = false to = true or creating a supertask to do it.
Later reboot,
What is fusion again? Oh yeah by the way the concept of power itself is now meaningless, we have transcended concepts and reality itself, bye bye
I love how every time you mention the first rule of warfare, it changes.
lol you noticed that too?
🤣👏💯
DARPA: [heavy breathing]
Lockheed wants to know your location.
FBI: Ah shit, here we go again
Just went to break at work. Perfect have my coffee and donut. Thank you sir!
are you a cop?
So many 'First Rules of Warfare'!
I'm definitely going to start making a list!
5:25 Isn't "pointless overkill" how one operates successfully as a defense contractor?
If you got a perfect gamma ray mirror (or if you could freely play around with black holes and thus curve spacetime just right) you could make the equivelant of the wave motion cannon from space battleship yamato.
Basically have a black hole collapse and release it's final burst of hawking radiation that get's redirected in a single beam.
In Space Battleship Yamato 2199 this is how they say the wave motion cannon works.
Link yamato.fandom.com/wiki/Wave_Motion_Gun
Isn't the first rule of warfare to avoid actual combat where possible?
Apart from the suicidal among us!
@20:00 could you also have two black holes which arr already orbiting and fire them both as a pair? They could be tuned so the ring down is artificially accelerated (using whatever method you are using to manipulate them in the first place) that way you can fire from 'one source'
not a bad idea
Exactly what I needed while muddling through Kafka and Neo4J integrations -- thank you and your entire team for this top-notch content.
1st Rule of Warfare: There is only 1 Rule.
I think your fifth :-) “Rule of Warfare #1”, “Don’t blow yourself up” is actually Rule #1 of Space Travel:
1) Don’t blow up.
2) Don’t paint yourself into a corner.
3) Choose your traveling companions with care.
0) Know where your towel is.
Somewhere in there 'Crashing is a bad idea, don't do that.'
Addendum: So is lithobreaking... JEB >:C
All *hail* sir Isaac!
*The conqueror of the intergalactic realm; the omnisaiah of stellar slavation and the destroyer of Artificial Intelligence manece!*
'' Let's B -xenophobic- machinephobic; its really ought this year... ''
As always huge fan, and I thank you for doing what you do, I love learning things for the sake of knowledge, but specifically your channel is really helping my writing. More fantasy than Sci Fi, but still a healthy dose of science, and there is so much I never considered, of course I know a new technology opens many new doors, but the sheer scale and some of the creative ideas I've seen are astounding. Keep it up my friend, that is all I can say.
Close only counts in Horseshoes and Hand Grenades, looks like we can add Blackhole Weapons.
What other channel could have a video titled "Weaponizing Black Holes" , and just have it be another weekly upload, all while not being clickbait?
No other channel. That's the answer. Keep it up man.
Yeah, Isaac keeps making things that dwarf anything humans have ever achieved by several orders of magnitude seem completely typical and mundane. I'm personally waiting for a video on K4 civilization and why it's not an unreasonable goal.
I've been waiting for this episode for a loooong time! I love it even before I watch it!
As always you make PHENOMENAL content!
And I've started working on the footage for my own science video series based on SFIA. It's going to be great!
Nobody:
Not a Single Soul:
Not even reality itself:
Isaac Arthur: *Let's see what happens if we weaponize black holes, shall we?*
We're gonna need a discussion on prioritization. There's a lot of 'rule 1's going on, which could cause a priority conflict.
That is the point. You forget one of the first rules, and you enemy remembers that rule. Your defeat is elementary.
Rule #1
Prioritize your priorities.
It's a standing military joke - there's millions of "rules of warfare", and they all start "the 1st rule of warfare is", normally followed by some pithy common sense comment or a quote from Sun Tzu.
The first rule of warfare against the Paper Clip Maximizer is: Confuse the frack out of your enemy AI with conflicting First Priority directives.
@@chrisschembari2486 that is some top shelf lols.
1st rule of Soviet Russia warfare: If you have enough soldiers the enemy will eventually run out of bullets 🙃
@@woodypigeon The problem that eventually fixes itself!
...and Landmines, when the Cattle supply has been exhausted.
"It's far easier to blow up a house with a few kilos of explosives, than it is to drop a mountain on it!"
Sometimes you need to drop a mountain on a house for people to get the point.
Hey, is that the Stellaris soundtrack I hear in the background?
I noticed it, as well at the begining. It was nice to see. Mabye we'll get something similar to the Gigastructural engineering mod that lets us slowly build to kashardev 2, by constructing a dyson sphere, then building the kind of things we get to see in his later videos.
@@tzaphkielconficturus7136 I believe there's a Gigaengineering mod for Stellaris, but I doubt the game engine supports things like moving systems around. Which is too bad because that'd be one hell of a cool tech for Fallen Empires to have
@@thepsion5 Yeah
7:58 3.6 roentgen I’m told it’s no more than a chest x-ray
First rule of warfare: longer videos are always better.
That feeling when you've watched Issac Arthur's videos for so long that you already knew most of this 😁
Was just thinking about blackhole guns that were originally in the bladerunner script and then this video explains the the science behind them
I now have a powerful urge to snipe enemies with a bazooka.
You do realize that Anti-Tank guided missiles (ATGM's) are a thing? With those you could snipe people from 5km away.
@@nil981 yes but Arthur mentioned bazookas so that's what I'm going with.
Patrick Milewski - But if you really want to kill him, use an AGM-114 Hellfire with a range of over 10 km...
Carry a missile silo armed with megaton warheads
"It's massive enough that if it passed through your house, you'd probably get bones broken, and those x-rays it was giving off would tell you which ones"
I dunno why this made me break out in laughter but it did.
Mr. Arthur, even though I just left a video on pause at start so I can watch it before bedtime, it's always a pleasure having to watch your content and thank you for what you do! I'm glad I was interested in all this before I discovered your channel a few months ago so I can comprehend most of what you say and it's really interesting! :)
Another fascinating topic! Thank you!
This video has as many first-rules of war as Composite Santa has only weaknesses... I love it.
The comments about "gamma ray mirrors", starting at about 22:57, overlook an important physical process, namely pair production. At energies above twice the mass of an electron - twice 511,000 eV, or 1.022 Mev - photons can produce pairs of electrons and positrons. A spherical mirror, full of gamma rays bouncing around, would soon be filled with electrons and positrons.
If the mirror is made of matter, any positrons that would hit the walls of the mirror would then annihilate themselves and part of the mirror. If the mirror is made of antimatter, any electrons would do the same thing.
If the mirror is made of some sort of electromagnetic field, then there would be all sorts of odd scattering processes involving gamma rays and positrons and electrons bouncing off each other, plus little explosions where the positrons and electrons annihilate each other and create photons of various frequencies. The gamma rays would tend to be turned into X-rays, and then UV, and then visible light as things scatter off each other.
Add in a black hole that might absorb some of this stuff, and might build up some random rotation (angular momentum) and electric charge as things progress, and things get very messy indeed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair_production
Isaac, have you ever read Neal Asher's books? They have a concept of bouncing a black hole between two points in the stories' version of hyperspace in order to trap enemy ships from escaping through hyperspace.
Am I going to end up on a watch list for clicking this video?
Well, if there's one thing to learn from this episode it's that the first rule of war is a very messy and complicated thing that requires years of study to truly master.
Many scientists & geeks: "Gee, we see no sign of interstellar war. Fermi paradox! We're alone!"
Aliens: "There's nothing to fight over, and nothing we'd wanna throw away to fight it with."
Given the functionally infinite resources of space, and that the mechanisms of prosecuting such conflicts are themselves more valuable than anything to be won in a conflict, there will be no conflict. Any species so psychotic that it would have the conflict anyway will not survive their own planetary great filters to even reach the infinite resources of space.
[You don't want to admit that part because so much of your species is still so psychotic they would not pass this filter themselves. In your mind, you know they could still doom the rest of you along with them, and you don't want to admit your fate could be in their hands.
So you write fantasies in which their insanity could actually pass by the filter and have wars in space just like 19th century colonialism -- which even failed on this planet. No wonder Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, and Richard Branson are hailed like saviors: there's the sane way out at last!]
Spacefaring civilizations are those who were wise enough to know when enough was enough already while they were still on a planet. Then, faced with the boundless plenty out there, there is really no pressure to develop blindly, no particular hurry to expand, and no one to compete with who isn't already busy doing something entirely different in a far distant place.
In every case, two parties could fight over an asteroid, or even a star system, or they could share it, or they could both just each go get their own whole one for themselves. Anyone smart enough to calculate that [+1 or +.5 wealth at no risk] is better than [-.5 or -1 with a high chance of death], will make the obvious decision. People who are literally smart enough to do rocket science can get that.
The universe is too young for conflicts to arise among spacefaring species yet. When the first wave of red dwarfs sizzle out in 10 trillion years, things might start to get a little tighter. There will still be plenty of mass-energy left to use, but when you have to start bringing your own flashlight to find your next meal, you might start thinking about long-term conservation strategies.
NO human has ever even left earth's orbit, and you've already figured out how live off your home star for trillions of years, and off black holes and iron stars for 10^120 years. After that, when even those are going away, you may finally reach the point where you have to worry about how to screw over the other guy for what he's got.
Or, as Isaac has said before, you can throw one last big party to celebrate the grand sand castle that was this universe, and go out holding hands as the final tide washes over. There is a voice on the wind, a song across the last waves of energy: "Win condition type-B achieved. Game reset imminent. Thank you for playing."
Well, I checked, and people like Carolyn Porco and Frank Drake agree with me. I don't need their agreement to be right, and them agreeing doesn't make any of us right, but that does make it a "camp" of sorts, and the collective resumes do give it a certain weight, socially and intellectually.
Apparently, others like Steven Hawking and Elon Musk don't agree, and their collective resumes certainly qualify as another legitimate "camp." They think we are reckless, and I think they are afraid of their own shadows in this matter.
If interstellar war & oppression is going to be the norm, then the ones who get there first will have the high ground and keep it, and there's nothing anyone can do about it, ever. If interstellar peace is the norm, then it doesn't matter who comes when, as long as they bring their best and play nice with others on the Big Kids' Playground.
If we get there and find the playground is empty, then there's no boundaries and the sky's the limit. It's all out there for us to work, so we should get to it and spread life out from earth until we find someone else to share it with. Nature has given us this commission.
Funny, I was thinking of black holes earlier when I woke up and boom there's an upload about it :D Scary
Are there any "Rules of Warfare" beyond the first?
All rules of warfare are the first. That's because the first rule of warfare is if you don't follow the first rule of warfare, you won't have a chance to follow the second.
The second rule is post war. And this only applies if you win.
"a black hole is essentially a flare" - yup, there is a step down descent chain from blazars - magnetars - quasars - XPINS/RRAPS - pulsars - solar flares
Black holes make better mines than projectile weapons.... Got it.
Well, I can say I learned something new today!
Thank you Isaac!
Unless you're fighting someone who uses a black hole as the core of their """main""" world, in which case black holes make wonderful projectiles.
This is the only channel I know where black holes can be sometimes be regarded as the "safer option".
"Black Hole Sabot" is both hilarious and terrifying!
"I'm writing this episode way back in April.. " Isaac is a time traveler confirmed
No one:
Literally no one:
Absolutely nobody:
The purest essence of nothing:
Issac Arthur: *_Wet's weaponize some bwack howes!_*
“Black Hole sabot” I never in my entire life ever thought that I’d hear such a thing, much less want one so badly after hearing it!
Happy Arthursday everyone!
Honestly, I don't suspect that weapons and warfare as we understand them will be relevant on the time scales necessarily involved in interstellar conflicts. It represents more than just an effort to destroy the opponent; it represents a vital goal worth staking existential risk on, which can be achieved only by destroying the opponent. Such a goal usually involves averting an imminent disaster (which you can't do fast enough given the delays of interstellar relations) or an urgent need for resources (which you will attain too late to help you given the delays of interstellar relations). And if it's not one of those two things, it still has to be something you have no confidence in your own ability to solve given all the centuries or millennia that warfare would take. So, I'm not seeing it.
Then again, military experts have foreseen the end of aerial plane-to-plane dogfighting with every new generation of military aircraft, citing speeds and ranges and turning radiuses that made it "impossible" and all those forecasts don't seem yet to matter when aircraft are involved in combat.
I love your commitment to the "first rule of warfare" joke
You just easily became my new favorite TH-camr! Thank you.
The first rule of warfare is a quantum object itself, as it can be more than one thing at the same time
Mr Arthur - Gives a 30 minute comprehensive presentation on the the physics of weaponizing Black Holes
Me - ""Wait, what's the first rule of warfare?"
If I had a list of all of Isaacs’s “first rule of ware fare” rules, there would be a hell of a lot of #1 rules.
Rule #1 of Warfare: Everything is Rule #1
With Isaac I only need to remember first rule of warfare.
🤣
Isaac Arthur is an alien trying to pass his technology to us, we're just too dumb to apply it.
Hi Issac, do you plan on making vids about sci-fi weapons? For instance, what would be the difference between the effectiveness of nuclear werhead and anti-matter warhead(like photon torpedos in Star Trek) in vaccum space?
*_Oh boy, oh boy. Is that the sweet, sweet sounds of Stellaris I hear?_*
Truly, the best science channel
I could use these "weapons of galactic destruction" ideas for my 31st century space-based trilogy (that may or may not happen lol)! Muahhahahahahaha!!!
PSA: Remember your drink and snack!
I got some coffee and some gingersnaps, I'm ready.
I've been falling asleep to this channel for the last 3 nights... honestly a joy to listen to you bro, much thanks
this is the whiskey talking, but what about aliens hiding inside stars?
Couldn't tiny Black Holes be used to snipe enemy Black Hole Generators?
Threatening a colonized black hole with an Armor Piercing tiny Black Hole would be effectively terrifying!
(Great Mutually Assured Distruction or blackmail strategy)
Yep, you can even make a "rapid fire" machine gun that shoots one every few seconds to destabilize larger black hole colonies, or to clean up that K2 ant infestation at Zeta Reticuli...
I'm yet to watch, but judging by the title this one kinda seems painfully obvious
1) The regular way. You launch it into someone's face and watch that face get spagettified
2) The longer way. You use it in a traditional black hole farm way to generate power for your Cosmic Death Ray
3) The perverted way. You take a really tiny one, launch it into someone's face and watch it go Hawking Boom
Surprise me with more, Isaac)
Love your work Isaac. Thanks
This is one of SFIA's funniest episodes! Thank you.
My list of "The First Rule of Warfare" is now almost 3 pages :-) Love this show!! thank you Isaac!
Enjoyed the video greatly.
You need to get all these episodes on DVD so I can buy them from you Isaac.