Thank you to Warby Parker for sponsoring today's episode! Try 5 pairs of glasses at home for free at www.warbyparker.com/Htme. Home Try-Ons are only offered in the US.
I hope you know that I intend to create a database that includes both the global village construction set files and your whole page. I'm trying to make a real world crafting menu, and that starts by filling out the info panels with wiki data that leads to things like these videos. AR-IRL-UI glasses with a full list of the periodic table of elements and how each interacts with each other, as well as how to make it which is where you come in
@@user255 Depends on the source. Hard water (carbonates from limestone) is common. On the other hand, supposedly de-ionized water in a lab I know has a pH below 6.0, probably due to carbonic acid (carbon dioxide from air dissolving in the water).
@@user255 Drinking water, be it from a tap or other sources can have a pH of anywhere between 6.5-8.5, while distilled water has a pH of 7. Worst case scenario not using distilled water can cost you a 1.5 pH increase but then considering he also concentrated the samples and whatnot, it could add up, given it's such a small amount of acid, and a pretty weak solution of it at that.
Concentrated sulfuric acid carbonizes paper and flesh not merely because of the acidity but especially because it is extremely hygroscopic (greedy to mix with water). It will steal water from carbohydrates like cellulose, leaving the carbon behind (also generating lots of heat, which speeds up the destructive reaction). It is this more virulent than hydrochloric acid, which is equally strong as far as pH goes.
Hi, I'm an amateur chemist, so anyone corrects me if I'm wrong, but I had an idea for creating a higher yield of SO2. First, use the somewhat pure Sulfur. Sulfur burns in the air to make Sulfur dioxide, therefore if you had a container with one hole to pump air into the system and an exit hole where the SO2 is bubbled into the water. This also has the advantage of any oxygen that didn't react with the Oxygen would help convert the Sulfurous acid into Sulfuric acid. To pump the air into the apparatus you could use a bellow that can take in outside air when pressurising to burn the Sulfur.
My first job as a chemical engineer was as a startup process engineer for a sulfuric acid plant in an oil refinery. We burned H2S supplemented with molten sulfur, along with recycled sulfuric acid. The plant was an amazing feat of materials engineering, ranging from refractory bricks, bare steel, lead sheets, and massive fiberglass ducts. As far as industrial scale production of sulfuric acid, this was a tiny, special purpose plant, just targeted to produce sulfuric acid for use in the refinery.
Thinking back 40 years on what I did as a process engineer involved in startup of a brand new plant using technology imported from our partner (Monsanto), I figure about 90% was just learning the technology - both from theory and the equipment being installed. Maybe about 5% was actual work like preparing operational materials, making sure instruments were installed and working, and about 5% training operators based on 4 years of college and stuff I had just learned myself. And learning from the operators and foreman from their years of practical experience in other units!
I love the approach to the rebuilding. Narratively it makes a lot of sense. There has been no progress on this earth without set back. Still here for episode 1,000 of the series when you build your own laser cannon.
This video contains a ton of work and effort to make. The farming, collecting, trying to make acids for over 2 or 3 years now. Thanks for sharing with us all the work you've been up to boss !
Glad to see you guys back! I hope the recovery the fire is going as well as it can. My daughter is going to be excited when i tell her there is a new video. Your work is her favorite part of both history and science. She learns things about both and has fun, and your videos always lead to countless questions about the subject matter.
You might also consider trying to make a Nickel-iron battery; you've made potash before, so the main trick would be making nickel and iron plates in the right shape. Optimal designs involve nickel plating on steel (for conductivity and durability) but I'm sure a more primitive design is possible.
The pyrite in water is viable for producing large amounts of sulfuric acid: the only limit is how much pyrite you can grind. To speed up the reaction you can keep it at a permanent low boil, with a water recycling condenser on top so you don't have to keep adding water to the bowl every few hours.
Alchemists were basically the 'essential oils' people, except they had literally no access to a body of scientific work that didn't exist yet, and so made it up as they went along. Essential Oils people, on the other hand, _have_ access to this exhaustive body of work, still make it up as they go along, and remain fixed on the goals of extending one's life unnaturally and earning a hefty profit on the side. Only one of those two has succeeded so far.
Keep in mind 'essential oil people' is used in the same manner as 'conspiracy theories'. Basically, anyone who disagrees with a person can be called a 'conspiracy theorist' or 'essential oil person'.
Your iron contamination is preventing sulfuric acid formation. You are making more iron sulfate. Your yield will improve greatly by adding potassium nitrate to the copper sulfate or sulfur. You really need quartz or porcelain for the heating chamber. Alternative you can use lead and ceramic with lead being used for the 'chamber' to contain the SO2 as it is not very soluble in water and allowing it to oxidize in the vapor phase.
There's a book out there called Caveman Chemistry written by a college chem teacher. A lot of your projects he was able to recreate including making sulfuric acid. Great read and teaches a little alchemy along the way
what i rather assume happend was someone somewhere did have a large container containing sulfiric water and the water did mainly dry out and suddenly the rest felt burning/wrong and that got them thinking. But with many things in the past we will never know for certain.
Interesting that alchemists were accidentally attempting atomic sciences, before we had a handle on chemical sciences. I wonder if transuranic elements were the 'Philosopher's Stone(s)' they were so desperately seeking.
Lol why? transuranic elements would just give them cancer. In my opinion the philosopher's stone is a particle accelerator lmao because it can literally turn lead into gold well at the rate of a few million atoms per second (which is extremely slow) but still it does!
If you are in a wet habitat and have trouble growing cabbage, elderberry juice is also a pH indicator. I often see Sambucus canadensis around the edges of swamps. (I tried foraging it, didn't like the taste so added lemon juice, and cleaned spills with a baking soda scouring paste, so got to see the various color states.). Of course, cabbage is reasonably cheap in grocery stores, which is not the case with elderberry anything.
@@IllustriousElucidation I don't think you know what the word drug means, a drug is a chemical substance that produces a change in your physiology or psychology when in enters your body. so the everyday medicine people take are also called drugs, most of the time that's what people mean, but yes illegal addictive substances such as heroin and methamphetamines are also called drugs because they're a subset of what we call drugs.
The search for the philosopher´s stone also lead to the discovery of the first ever high explosive- gold fulminate. It actually 'turns' into gold after detonation, as the contained gold is dispersed in elemental form with the explosion´s gases.
Huh. I had heard that the invention of "gunpowder" was an accident by a cook. They where using salt peter, which really is used in some recipes, ended up with some charcoal in it, and accidentally spilled sulfur in the mix, or something like that. This seems "plausible", since a lot of weird things where "tried" in foods, and we even still use sulfur as a preservative (and anti-oxidant) today in foods.
salt peter is literally just potassium nitrate, which is a food preservative, and also a very explosive substance sold as fertilizer. when you realize the uses of one compound are great for more than just food, you tend to use it for everything lol.
Another great video. Hope everything is going well after the fire. Luckily I recognize the city in the background and know all the nice people in your state will help.
Gotta admire what your doing here -- playing the long game -- some science experiments take a long time, and this video looks like it's been years in the making and had some truly awful setbacks. Thankyou for your great science communication.
Pretty cool video. Just one annotation for the concentration scale in the second to last chapter: pH doesn't work below 0. The scale is really only useful for 0-14. For anything higher than 1M solutions you should probably use g/L or mol/L
I was wondering about that, the highest commercial pH i can find is 0. Can you give contect on why pH doesn't make any sense below 0? I get the concentration increases by a magnitude with each step, so why wouldn't it extend to negative numbers?
@@onetom2222 Chemist here, making "Dr. Stone Chemistry Explanation" video in my channel. I think it's because for the instruments like pH meter, 0-14 is the linear zone where pH and voltage are linear to each other. Beyond that, the graph is not linear, screwing up the measurement even if negative pH is theoretically possible.
You can also use the juice from blue pea flowers, blackcurrant or blue berries to extract the anthocyanins as a universal pH indicator, especially if you can't find red cabbage juice in your area.
One thing to make the process much faster would be to force air through the heated CuO3S, forcing the sulfur vapors through the water. Perhaps with a bellows of some sort? As it is I suspect a lot of the product remains in the reaction chamber without ever having any contact with the water, and even the product that makes it over only has the surface to react with, which would also slow it down. Great job on the episode!
Notable. We are capable of transmutation. It’s what happens when you break apart atoms and particles. They reform into other elements and particles. The issue of course is that the return for the energy expended is not at all worth the elements you make. So lead to gold was possible, but also pretty wasteful.
Well you have to think that gold in nature was formed in the heart of dying stars, notably larger ones as iron was too but it is the most common metallic element.
If you have sulfuric acid, you can use it to make other acids. sulfuric acid + Table salt = Hydrochloric acid. sulfuric acid + sodium or potassium nitrate = Nitric acid. Etc.
One of the best things about alchemy is it’s nature as an ancient form of metaphysical self-improvement with many of the “cryptic terms” being symbolic of things meant to make you more in tune with and able to learn about what could only be explained as higher-dimensional beings such as the soul of me & you. The philosophical side of alchemy saw the philosophers stone as the purification of the soul through spiritual practices & ritual usually non-religious so it had to be encoded to not be killed while doing it, and they even called the proto-chemists “puffers” as they would be at the billows for weeks trying to make gold when the reality was an encoded message.
When it comes to ancient methods we underestimate the ability of ancient alchemists when it comes to actual chemistry, and they most likely used them in ways that would be very similar to modern ways too such as dyes, pigments, maybe explosives for mining as it would be in those environments naturally and possibly drugs. Oddly I also think it’d be possible they would use it for Baghdad batteries to make blimps and airships during times like the conquest of Alexander the Great and others earlier too.
Great video! Glad to see ya back! I wonder if your set up was not efficient due to the lack of oxygen? Maybe a small vent whole in the side with a small amount of air pushed though would help increase yields? Not sure though.
Fun fact: The most acidic “superacid” produced to date has an pH equivalent (known as the Hammett value, as conventional ways to determine acidity by H3O+ starts breaking down as you go into the negatives) of -21 to -23 (Fluoroantimonic acid) Additional fun fact: Number two on that list is named “magic acid” with H = -19.2
Threaded pipe does not seal without a sealant (either ptfe tape or ptfe liquid dope) applied to the threads. So you probably lost most of the SO2 and SO3 through the threads (it is easier for gas to leak through the small holes than it is to bubble through the water). All that you collected in the water was probably just the SO2/SO3 that happened to dissolve into the water, not bubble through it. PTFE is a modern invention and so difficult to replecate, but you can make the old-fashion version: hemp twine and tar. However, neither are really able to withstand the heat of fire. So maybe instead coat the threads with a little clay. It won't be perfect, but it would be better than pipe without a sealant.
Most important is iron pyrite and iron sulphate are pretty much the same if your trying to do everything from scratch because iron pyrite can easily be mined in various places
there are many things i love about this channel, and one of them is that you get moments like "how do we go about making sulfuric acid? step 1: grow a cabbage"
You mentioned collecting sulfur near Death Valley... You should go visit Brett up at the Cerro Gordo mine! You could gather silver ore and try and make your own currency. He's done a video on refining the silver, though his final product was a silver lead ingot.
Nowhere close to sulphate decomposition temperature with that cute charcoal fire, maybe 300-500°C Either build a real charcoal furnace, similar to those used for iron smelting or simply use electric furnace that gets into 1100-1250°C range, that should be plenty enough to decompose most sulphates into sulphur dioxide. Next step would be SO2 to SO3, probably the hardest, since you need heated catalyst bed and reaction favors high pressure/low temperatures...
Sulfuric acid at "azeotropic" (98%) concentration will burn pretty badly. A reminder, SO3 + H2O is how you get sulfuric acid. But, if you add SO3 to already 100% acid, it will go PAST 100% as the H2SO4 is changed further into oleum. You want organic dissolving? Try about 20% oleum, also known as "20% fuming sulfuric acid". It pours like a syrup and makes standard sulfuric look friendly by comparison. The reaction is also reversable, add water to oleum and you dilute it back to sulfuric acid.
You could have also added Oxalic acid, which is a naturally occurring acid, with the iron sulfate to produce insoluble iron(ii) oxalate and sulfuric acid. This method is way more efficient
funny thing bout that harry potter clip it was called the sorcerers stone in the states while the uk got the philosophers stone. thank you for everythin you do ^^
Thank you to Warby Parker for sponsoring today's episode! Try 5 pairs of glasses at home for free at www.warbyparker.com/Htme. Home Try-Ons are only offered in the US.
No! I don't think I will!
Let's go
I hope you know that I intend to create a database that includes both the global village construction set files and your whole page. I'm trying to make a real world crafting menu, and that starts by filling out the info panels with wiki data that leads to things like these videos.
AR-IRL-UI glasses with a full list of the periodic table of elements and how each interacts with each other, as well as how to make it which is where you come in
Where is that sulfur mine at because I need some sulfur
It seems like this subject would make for a good NileRed collaboration.
You can call the fire your "dark age" or your bronze age collapse.
l can't wait for the renesance
How to make everything includes How to recover from a natural disaster.
exactly
@@donovantownshend8783 Renaissance
I can't wait to see him build an engine.
Should've used distilled water, the trace minerals in regular water are slightly basic and so they'll react with some of your acid to make salts.
Meh, the amount of minerals is so tiny it doesn't matter.
@@user255 Depends on the source. Hard water (carbonates from limestone) is common. On the other hand, supposedly de-ionized water in a lab I know has a pH below 6.0, probably due to carbonic acid (carbon dioxide from air dissolving in the water).
@@user255 Drinking water, be it from a tap or other sources can have a pH of anywhere between 6.5-8.5, while distilled water has a pH of 7.
Worst case scenario not using distilled water can cost you a 1.5 pH increase but then considering he also concentrated the samples and whatnot, it could add up, given it's such a small amount of acid, and a pretty weak solution of it at that.
Concentrated sulfuric acid carbonizes paper and flesh not merely because of the acidity but especially because it is extremely hygroscopic (greedy to mix with water). It will steal water from carbohydrates like cellulose, leaving the carbon behind (also generating lots of heat, which speeds up the destructive reaction). It is this more virulent than hydrochloric acid, which is equally strong as far as pH goes.
@@Erewhon2024 Even with hard water, it is completely neutralized by ~100 mg of H2SO4. That is not the culprit for low success.
"oil of vitriol" also known as "angry salad dressing" :)
Aggressive hand wash
malicious water
I would think "Angry Salad Dressing" would be glacial acetic acid! Stuff is NASTY.
As someone who's an alchemy enthusiast and who took two years of Latin, I loved this joke. :p
Sulfuric acid
Hi, I'm an amateur chemist, so anyone corrects me if I'm wrong, but I had an idea for creating a higher yield of SO2. First, use the somewhat pure Sulfur. Sulfur burns in the air to make Sulfur dioxide, therefore if you had a container with one hole to pump air into the system and an exit hole where the SO2 is bubbled into the water. This also has the advantage of any oxygen that didn't react with the Oxygen would help convert the Sulfurous acid into Sulfuric acid. To pump the air into the apparatus you could use a bellow that can take in outside air when pressurising to burn the Sulfur.
My first job as a chemical engineer was as a startup process engineer for a sulfuric acid plant in an oil refinery. We burned H2S supplemented with molten sulfur, along with recycled sulfuric acid. The plant was an amazing feat of materials engineering, ranging from refractory bricks, bare steel, lead sheets, and massive fiberglass ducts. As far as industrial scale production of sulfuric acid, this was a tiny, special purpose plant, just targeted to produce sulfuric acid for use in the refinery.
Thinking back 40 years on what I did as a process engineer involved in startup of a brand new plant using technology imported from our partner (Monsanto), I figure about 90% was just learning the technology - both from theory and the equipment being installed. Maybe about 5% was actual work like preparing operational materials, making sure instruments were installed and working, and about 5% training operators based on 4 years of college and stuff I had just learned myself. And learning from the operators and foreman from their years of practical experience in other units!
Very interesting
It probably would be best to boil the iron pyrite and bubble air into it and immediately distill off the acid produced.
as a first year chemical engineering major... this is very exciting
@@Wakwise Where are you going to school? I did undergraduate at University of Minnesota and graduate at University of Colorado.
I love the approach to the rebuilding. Narratively it makes a lot of sense. There has been no progress on this earth without set back. Still here for episode 1,000 of the series when you build your own laser cannon.
So glad you're back to regularly scheduled programming after everything that happened.
My man said f*** a lab fire, f****** insurance we out here to learn how to make everything
It really makes me happy seeing such a nice guy doing what he likes and getting paid for it. Not letting life stand in his way. I wish him the best
Yeah the switch was seamless
What? What happened to him?
@@SoRa228 his whole shit burned down and insurance didn't want to pay for it
so glad you're doing allright, hope you regain what you lost and strive for more, thank you for hanging in there for us
How about a grain dust explosion?
This video contains a ton of work and effort to make. The farming, collecting, trying to make acids for over 2 or 3 years now. Thanks for sharing with us all the work you've been up to boss !
Imaging the alchemists even dehydrating the CuSO4, "by the power of merlin and the element of fire you shall be white " lmao
Drama kids + science knowledge base = alchemists.
* by the pow(d)er of Merlin...
6:44 - from on Andy to another, well played with the "Wilhelm Scream"!
13:40 - I don't recognise that alchemy symbol, how mysterious
Blueberry skins also produce a PH sensitive compound very similar to the purple cabbage. They also taste way better in my opinion 😉
Glad to see you guys back! I hope the recovery the fire is going as well as it can. My daughter is going to be excited when i tell her there is a new video. Your work is her favorite part of both history and science. She learns things about both and has fun, and your videos always lead to countless questions about the subject matter.
You might also consider trying to make a Nickel-iron battery; you've made potash before, so the main trick would be making nickel and iron plates in the right shape. Optimal designs involve nickel plating on steel (for conductivity and durability) but I'm sure a more primitive design is possible.
The pyrite in water is viable for producing large amounts of sulfuric acid: the only limit is how much pyrite you can grind. To speed up the reaction you can keep it at a permanent low boil, with a water recycling condenser on top so you don't have to keep adding water to the bowl every few hours.
Alchemists were basically the 'essential oils' people, except they had literally no access to a body of scientific work that didn't exist yet, and so made it up as they went along.
Essential Oils people, on the other hand, _have_ access to this exhaustive body of work, still make it up as they go along, and remain fixed on the goals of extending one's life unnaturally and earning a hefty profit on the side.
Only one of those two has succeeded so far.
no
100 percent accurate
Keep in mind 'essential oil people' is used in the same manner as 'conspiracy theories'. Basically, anyone who disagrees with a person can be called a 'conspiracy theorist' or 'essential oil person'.
i'd say both of them have succeeded. the essential oils people are motivated by profit and there're plenty of gullible schmucks out there
as a chemistry major I find it really cool that you can make a pH indicator out of cabbage lol
Your iron contamination is preventing sulfuric acid formation. You are making more iron sulfate. Your yield will improve greatly by adding potassium nitrate to the copper sulfate or sulfur. You really need quartz or porcelain for the heating chamber. Alternative you can use lead and ceramic with lead being used for the 'chamber' to contain the SO2 as it is not very soluble in water and allowing it to oxidize in the vapor phase.
CuSO4 decomposes into SO3, so KNO3 doesn't help with it. Otherwise I fully agree.
@@user255 Doesn't SO3 decompose at 600'C and CuSO4 decompose at 650'C, so the SO3 would decompose into SO2 and O2 pretty much immediately?
@@vali_bg5234 I haven't checked the temperatures you give, but it is quite irrelevant, since all the KNO3 does is provide oxygen to the reaction.
There's a book out there called Caveman Chemistry written by a college chem teacher. A lot of your projects he was able to recreate including making sulfuric acid. Great read and teaches a little alchemy along the way
what i rather assume happend was someone somewhere did have a large container containing sulfiric water and the water did mainly dry out and suddenly the rest felt burning/wrong and that got them thinking. But with many things in the past we will never know for certain.
Great to see the witty editing and sound effects are back! Great video!
Awesome video, dude. Always a pleasure.
Interesting that alchemists were accidentally attempting atomic sciences, before we had a handle on chemical sciences.
I wonder if transuranic elements were the 'Philosopher's Stone(s)' they were so desperately seeking.
Interesting theory
Lol why? transuranic elements would just give them cancer. In my opinion the philosopher's stone is a particle accelerator lmao because it can literally turn lead into gold well at the rate of a few million atoms per second (which is extremely slow) but still it does!
If you are in a wet habitat and have trouble growing cabbage, elderberry juice is also a pH indicator. I often see Sambucus canadensis around the edges of swamps. (I tried foraging it, didn't like the taste so added lemon juice, and cleaned spills with a baking soda scouring paste, so got to see the various color states.). Of course, cabbage is reasonably cheap in grocery stores, which is not the case with elderberry anything.
Went from Dr. Stone to breaking bad really quick
But they made literal *drug* in Dr. Stone, though? ...sulfa drug, that is.
@@IllustriousElucidation I don't think you know what the word drug means, a drug is a chemical substance that produces a change in your physiology or psychology when in enters your body. so the everyday medicine people take are also called drugs, most of the time that's what people mean, but yes illegal addictive substances such as heroin and methamphetamines are also called drugs because they're a subset of what we call drugs.
So happy you're back to making videos
Thanks man. I enjoyed this episode. I like how committed this guy is to this channel.
I'm glad he is back
The search for the philosopher´s stone also lead to the discovery of the first ever high explosive- gold fulminate. It actually 'turns' into gold after detonation, as the contained gold is dispersed in elemental form with the explosion´s gases.
Plasmonic purple smoke 😜
Huh. I had heard that the invention of "gunpowder" was an accident by a cook. They where using salt peter, which really is used in some recipes, ended up with some charcoal in it, and accidentally spilled sulfur in the mix, or something like that. This seems "plausible", since a lot of weird things where "tried" in foods, and we even still use sulfur as a preservative (and anti-oxidant) today in foods.
salt peter as a term historically could refer to the chemical OR rocksalt, when it comes to cooking or preserving it's often the latter
@sp0777iXdlMLalN0dsXxlMlNdsM0jdsj I am aware. Its the main one used for corned beef (and is what gives that its unique flavor).
salt peter is literally just potassium nitrate, which is a food preservative, and also a very explosive substance sold as fertilizer.
when you realize the uses of one compound are great for more than just food, you tend to use it for everything lol.
@@A_piece_of_broccoli Is it explosive on its own? I thought it's just a good oxidiser that can be used to make explosive mixtures
Wasn't gunpowder first discovered with something mixed with substances from bat poop?
glad to see ya back and at it man
This guy is a real life Skyrim character he’s leveled in everything
So happy to see a new video! Thank you!
My lab instincts were screaming when I saw him holding that open topped beaker with no gloves or any protective gear whatsoever.
I truly love this channel and I love that even with years of work lost your still going. It’s very inspiring.
Accidentally creating the most useful tool for killing when trying to make an elixir of life is so ironic.
Another great video. Hope everything is going well after the fire. Luckily I recognize the city in the background and know all the nice people in your state will help.
Thank you for sticking to it!! We all love to see you back at it
Good job on rebuilding and this is a fantastic idea and video.
Gotta admire what your doing here -- playing the long game -- some science experiments take a long time, and this video looks like it's been years in the making and had some truly awful setbacks. Thankyou for your great science communication.
So glad your back
Pretty cool video. Just one annotation for the concentration scale in the second to last chapter: pH doesn't work below 0. The scale is really only useful for 0-14. For anything higher than 1M solutions you should probably use g/L or mol/L
I was wondering about that, the highest commercial pH i can find is 0. Can you give contect on why pH doesn't make any sense below 0? I get the concentration increases by a magnitude with each step, so why wouldn't it extend to negative numbers?
@@onetom2222 Chemist here, making "Dr. Stone Chemistry Explanation" video in my channel. I think it's because for the instruments like pH meter, 0-14 is the linear zone where pH and voltage are linear to each other. Beyond that, the graph is not linear, screwing up the measurement even if negative pH is theoretically possible.
You can also use the juice from blue pea flowers, blackcurrant or blue berries to extract the anthocyanins as a universal pH indicator, especially if you can't find red cabbage juice in your area.
Good to see one of your videos again. Thanks for being consistent
One thing to make the process much faster would be to force air through the heated CuO3S, forcing the sulfur vapors through the water. Perhaps with a bellows of some sort? As it is I suspect a lot of the product remains in the reaction chamber without ever having any contact with the water, and even the product that makes it over only has the surface to react with, which would also slow it down. Great job on the episode!
Welcome back andy! hope you can recover soon and get the channel back up and running :D
Who knew red cabbage would do that, amazing.These are the things i watch for.Great episode.
Glad you’re back up and running. You gotta do a workshop/lab tour.
Notable. We are capable of transmutation. It’s what happens when you break apart atoms and particles. They reform into other elements and particles. The issue of course is that the return for the energy expended is not at all worth the elements you make. So lead to gold was possible, but also pretty wasteful.
Well you have to think that gold in nature was formed in the heart of dying stars, notably larger ones as iron was too but it is the most common metallic element.
Thanks Andy, Hope you are doing okay after that whole ordeal!!! Glad to see a new video!
absolutely love your videos bro, especially these chemistry related ones
Awesome work Andy, way to stay tough and continue making awesome content in spite of the challenges you have faced :)
Good to see you again
Great to see you guys back. Can’t wait to see gunpowder and potentially cannons too.
If you have sulfuric acid, you can use it to make other acids.
sulfuric acid + Table salt = Hydrochloric acid.
sulfuric acid + sodium or potassium nitrate = Nitric acid.
Etc.
then you mix both to get some of the gold out of stuff
@@pandoratheclay Good point, Aqua Regia.
Maybe that's where they got the misconception of turning lead into gold.
12:50 - I bet early alchemists burnt the crap out of themselves (or their "assistants") all the time.
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid is a pretty big step up chemistry-wise.
I clicked on this thinking it was a “how it’s made” video but this works just the same
One of the best things about alchemy is it’s nature as an ancient form of metaphysical self-improvement with many of the “cryptic terms” being symbolic of things meant to make you more in tune with and able to learn about what could only be explained as higher-dimensional beings such as the soul of me & you.
The philosophical side of alchemy saw the philosophers stone as the purification of the soul through spiritual practices & ritual usually non-religious so it had to be encoded to not be killed while doing it, and they even called the proto-chemists “puffers” as they would be at the billows for weeks trying to make gold when the reality was an encoded message.
When it comes to ancient methods we underestimate the ability of ancient alchemists when it comes to actual chemistry, and they most likely used them in ways that would be very similar to modern ways too such as dyes, pigments, maybe explosives for mining as it would be in those environments naturally and possibly drugs.
Oddly I also think it’d be possible they would use it for Baghdad batteries to make blimps and airships during times like the conquest of Alexander the Great and others earlier too.
Dat Wilhelm scream on the cabbage execution tho. . . xD
Timestamp?
Great video! Glad to see ya back! I wonder if your set up was not efficient due to the lack of oxygen? Maybe a small vent whole in the side with a small amount of air pushed though would help increase yields? Not sure though.
Hey man, glad to see you're on your feet
I remember reading "oil of vitriol" in one of Theodore grays book, classic.
I worked in an acid factory for 3 years man that was a diffrent day at the office.
great video 2x👍
How have I never seen this channel before? Instantly subbed. I'm gunna need this stone age knowledge soon.
Fun fact: The most acidic “superacid” produced to date has an pH equivalent (known as the Hammett value, as conventional ways to determine acidity by H3O+ starts breaking down as you go into the negatives) of -21 to -23 (Fluoroantimonic acid)
Additional fun fact: Number two on that list is named “magic acid” with H = -19.2
Threaded pipe does not seal without a sealant (either ptfe tape or ptfe liquid dope) applied to the threads. So you probably lost most of the SO2 and SO3 through the threads (it is easier for gas to leak through the small holes than it is to bubble through the water). All that you collected in the water was probably just the SO2/SO3 that happened to dissolve into the water, not bubble through it. PTFE is a modern invention and so difficult to replecate, but you can make the old-fashion version: hemp twine and tar. However, neither are really able to withstand the heat of fire. So maybe instead coat the threads with a little clay. It won't be perfect, but it would be better than pipe without a sealant.
Welcome back!
For some reason this video will do better than previous ones.
You can also use paper soaked in turmeric slurry and let dry to have a make-shift Ph tester.
Most important is iron pyrite and iron sulphate are pretty much the same if your trying to do everything from scratch because iron pyrite can easily be mined in various places
Oh the handling of concentrated sulfuric acid without gloves or goggles! Because NileRed isn't here to scold you, I will.
there are many things i love about this channel, and one of them is that you get moments like "how do we go about making sulfuric acid? step 1: grow a cabbage"
Ehhhhh! Time for good ol Sulfurina!!!! Get your silver dowsing spear ready!
HTME had its own Fire of the Library of Alexandria incedent, but I think Andy has bounced back better than humanity did.
"johnny was a chemists son but johnny is no more, for what thought was H2O was H2SO4"
Johnny is a puddle by now
damn ive been watching since like 20k subs and this is next level.
2:54 I’m literally doing this exact reaction in my O-chem lab on Monday
6:41 the way he picked that cabbage was scaringly similar to breaking someone's neck.
You mentioned collecting sulfur near Death Valley... You should go visit Brett up at the Cerro Gordo mine! You could gather silver ore and try and make your own currency. He's done a video on refining the silver, though his final product was a silver lead ingot.
I love that you are making acid that takes years to make, it’s just a cool thing to think about.
Happy Halloween
Nowhere close to sulphate decomposition temperature with that cute charcoal fire, maybe 300-500°C
Either build a real charcoal furnace, similar to those used for iron smelting or simply use electric furnace that gets into 1100-1250°C range, that should be plenty enough to decompose most sulphates into sulphur dioxide.
Next step would be SO2 to SO3, probably the hardest, since you need heated catalyst bed and reaction favors high pressure/low temperatures...
Sulfuric acid at "azeotropic" (98%) concentration will burn pretty badly. A reminder, SO3 + H2O is how you get sulfuric acid. But, if you add SO3 to already 100% acid, it will go PAST 100% as the H2SO4 is changed further into oleum. You want organic dissolving? Try about 20% oleum, also known as "20% fuming sulfuric acid". It pours like a syrup and makes standard sulfuric look friendly by comparison. The reaction is also reversable, add water to oleum and you dilute it back to sulfuric acid.
You could have also added Oxalic acid, which is a naturally occurring acid, with the iron sulfate to produce insoluble iron(ii) oxalate and sulfuric acid. This method is way more efficient
@ 03:22 he says hydraulic acid, he's meant to say Hydrochloric
Searched for this
Good to see you again.
What are you, some shop NPC from any RPG. What kind of dialogue opener was that.
6:43 that Cabbage neck snap lol!
3:07 The Formula for Sulfuric Acid is H2SO4, not H2O4S.
its nice that everything isnt completely diyed in this video, makes it kinda like a codys lab video.
good luck cant wait to see the camera working.
Is this an old video or new video ? I'm rooting for you to bounce back
i find it funny that i got my warby parker trial glasses in the mail then immediately watched the ad in this video
funny thing bout that harry potter clip it was called the sorcerers stone in the states while the uk got the philosophers stone.
thank you for everythin you do ^^
That red cabbage trick is awesome!
Can you try covering the start to finish process of making lysergic acid? Asking for a friend
Using cabbage as a pH indicator is probably the coolest thing I've seen all week.
I love how he keeps making sure he has his hat.