I saw this comment and thought, “What does this mean?”. Within 10 minutes, I understood, and am amazed. The intellectual flexibility of OP is genuinely remarkable. Thank you for bringing this to our attention 🙏
I grew up in Kenya and Tanzania, so I have a weird perspective of a foreigner who has spent their entire life in East Africa. One thing I'd like to point out about Tanzania is that one way the early government (especially under Nyerere) built cross-tribe connections was education. Despite the many, many, many shortcomings of Tanzanian education, they made secondary education mandatory (kind of) and free (kind of). But the key thing was that you didn't get to choose which school you went to, you were randomly (kind of) shuffled to any school in Tanzania. This meant that most people spent a large portion of their formative years in another tribe's area, which made Swahili more important as a lingua Franca, and lowered inter-tribe differences. For lots of people I know, they ended up settling where they were educated, and marrying someone they went to school with. So they might be ethnically Sukuma, and their spouse Maasai, but they live and work in Meru, and that's the only home their kids have ever known. You can also see this with how religion is distributed through Tanzania (and how there's significantly lower levels of religious tension in Tanzania compared to any other country so closely split between two religions), with a much lower coastal Muslim population that the rest of the East African coast, but also a Muslim population that extends father inland than the east of East Africa, and is fairly evenly distributed throughout the country. I think that education policy is one of the reasons that, no matter what people disliked about the ruling party (CCM), I never once heard opposition be drawn on religious or ethnic lines. For that matter, CCM, having ruled from independence, has internally managed ethnic and religious factors very well. The president alternates between a Muslim and Christian, and their Vice President alternates inversely. Even though TZ is effectively a one-party state, the President is limited to two terms (and the President that introduced that law did so in his second term, and retroactively applied it to himself, banning himself from running for office again). All that to say, Tanzania has lots of problems, but also has done wonders to make sure that religious and ethnic tensions are as close to non-existent as possible, which has allowed them to have reasonably fair distribution of government resources, relatively equal access to services and highways and the like, and relatively equal attention from the government. Obviously I'm not Tanzanian (or African) either, but I loved this video, and it lines up well with everything I've been taught/researched/etc. ❤ the video!
Ooooh that's a lot of stuff I didn't know before, thank you! I didn't say a lot about why Swahili became Tanzania's lingua franca, so this really helps with contextualizing that.
Huh, that kind of sounds like why a lot of the countries in the Americas don't really have much inter ethnic and inter religious conflict, because the colonization homogenized things a lot. There are still conflicts along political lines but ethnic and religious ties really never come into it as basically everyone has some sort of mixed ancestry. It does sound kind of sad that a lot of the regional ethnic identities will be eroded due to all this mixing, but I guess if it brings peace and prosperity then hey good for them.
And now you should read the Atlantic Magazine article, The Great Serngeti Land Grab: How Gulf princes, the safari industry, and conservation groups are displacing the Maasai from the last of their Serengeti homeland By Stephanie McCrummen
I never really thought the map was meant to say African borders are terrible, but considering your answer to my comment, I guess you could've taken it this way; I'm sorry for it, great video regardless
thank you! Your content is in my opinion really important in the "scientifically-political niche" of TH-cam, where funnily enough actual scientific working is not that prevalent as one would like to think. I really enjoy your videos, because you don't just scream something out in the internet but actually try to back your points up, which are clearly your own opinion, this gives your points the authoritie they thusly deserve, while not acting as if you were an authority figure. This way of acting is highly important in a more and more polarizing world of social media. keep up the good work
Thank you, that's really nice to hear! I felt like my previous videos there were always some holes in my arguments because I didn't do my research properly, so I wanted to do that a bit more thoroughly this time. I think there are many other people in this niche who've done a better job at it than me though, 'cause I mostly copied them (Fredda for example).
@@ratronald that is unfortunately a really hard question, as many of these channels have an angle they focus on. The biggest of these angles I'd call the "TH-cam angle" with people like real life lore and other copycats making it up, personally I see that angle as a complete waste of time and wouldn't recommend these channels whatsoever, as they prefer sensationalism and clickbait rather than something with actual content. Now there are a lot of possible angles with some better or worse, but I regard them all as biased to a degree where fully trusting anyone is a fools errand. A better example with a sociological angle is Kraut, who in my opinion does cover most topics in a very interesting and different way than others. Another example I like to give is Whatifalthist, who definitely is very political and even regarded as something of a black sheep, I like him when he is basing himself on facts but you should never watch him when you're not ready to constantly contest what he says. Whatifalthist is probably one of the most intelligent creators of the genre but also a very radical one, who as I see it radicalized himself for my taste a bit too much, but some things he mentions nearby are things most of the talentless hacks in the genre could never come up with. I think the genre is very flawed by the way, and whenever a creator doesn't mention his sources you should discard them
@@fr4rq236 Yeah, I myself have watched Kraut and WIAH, and something I saw from both of them is their strength of rhetoric mixed with my own ignorance on much of what they discussed led me to see them as more rigorous than where my personal standards lie. I like strong sourcing and that's not a strength in this genre at the moment. Don't get me wrong, I'm not saying creators of their style can't be informative. While I've weened myself off of Kraut in recent years I still find him an interesting creator and his work has pointed me to spaces in human geography I had previously ignored. But he's often been critiqued for oversimplifying historical narratives. And since his sourcing methods are much harder to access than somebody like Fredda (whom also editorializes a lot but at least has clear sources), I have a difficult time exploring the topics on my own. WIAH, like you say, needs to be constantly contested for what he says. When he tried to cover Tolkien's writing he tried to say he read basically all the primary sources on Norse mythology, but not only was the Poetic Edda alone higher than his stated page count for the entire category, he included sources like the Prose Edda which aren't even primary sources! He definitely has a skill with rhetoric and a broad imagination that can paint an enticing perspective, but he's so wildly incorrect about the historical subjects I'm familiar with (such as Norse sagas and U.S. history) that I can't watch him for more than entertainment and as a learning exercise. Thankfully he's gotten marginally better about sourcing recently, and hopefully he deradicalizes long enough to recognize his weaknesses and lean into his strengths. I'd be quite interested in picking up a quality alt history book of his at the library, for instance.
@Scarfhead Very interesting to hear your experiences, do you currently still consume this genre on a notable level, because I can't be bothered to watch a video that often times just feels like a BuzzFeed article talking about politics
Man did a deep-dive into the social sciences just because 5% of voters hard-disliked his most notable video. If that isn't a character arc, then I don't know what is.
12:35 I think, as much as you've totally convinced me that ethnic diversity does not _inherently_ cause instability, I still think it'd be remiss not to point out that the _reason_ why a state may distribute its resources inequally... is *because* of ethnic conflicts, as with Sudan. Ruling power is one ethnicity in particular, or those ethnicities have a _history_ of conflict already > active attempts are made to snub the region with the not-in-power ethnic group > separatist movements. edit: you pretty much cover this in 20:50 so that's cool Other examples: Scotland (history of conflict + relative underinvestment), Tibet (basically undergoing colonisation, so although plenty of investment, also plenty of conflict)... Catalonia's an interesting one, because their argument is that they're _propping up_ the rest of Spain, which I think... is a bit of a selfish reason to secede, but whatever
This is my first video of yours I have watched and and blown away by how well researched and written it is. I have always had an interest in learning about Africa both in its history and how its has been developing in modern times and am let down by how often the continent is ignored or has very surface level research/writing done in media. I very much appreciate the materialist/scientific approach you take in the video to explain Africas conditions but also how you are able to show the point of view of the nations, groups, and tribes throughout. I'm rambling at this point but to sum up: Amazing video and hope to see more long form content from you in the future, kudos!
The "redrawing the borders would ruin the progress" is similar to why i think that the us borders should not change even if its ugly im from Colorado and whenever someone groups us with Nebraska or something it doesn't make sense to me thats why i think us and african broders may look ajd function poorly if they change it will ruin something
Ethnic federations, like Ethiopia, could do the country a lot of good. Just because someone argues for african states to have coherent identities doesn't mean they want every single scant tribe to have their own nation.
A Thing also wildly downplayed IS that right after Independence many Chose communism with the usual symptons you can compared africa with eastern Europe and See a Lot of similarities in the political sphere add to that American,European financial interest you get a trainwreck
Great video! I started learning more about Africa's history and trying to understand geopolitics, and so I found your video to be extremely interesting! Honestrly there are movies that couldn't hold me as glued to my screen as your video lol
Good job, in this research video. In fact, this is a rare countryball youtuber, let alone history/political/social youtuber in general that cites actual research papers and books and make a longer video. And it's even rarer for a countryball youtuber to site more than 2 to 5 sources, and you use multiple sources to build your argument instead of just using one source as the main source through the whole video, with a few other sources to make a small rebuttal and support to supplement their main source, like most uni students who just want to finish their research essays to get a decent grade.
Honestly I don't subscribe to the idea that if borders in Africa or the middle east were better drawn everyone would just get along, and that it's Europeans fault that everyone hates each other. It just feels like one is just trying to find an easy and anti-colonial excuse for it. Yeah they were poorly drawn, but you'd be kidding yourself if you think they wouldn't all hate each other. My guess as to why these places are in such a mess would be that by the time colonialism ended, these countries were thrown into a global market that they were not at all ready for, no education, no industry no institutions. Just raw resources that everyone wanted to buy, which in turn made the most effective way to make a living to just try and take control over as many of these resources, sell them off and not develop anything beyond what's necessary to secure the raw resources.
the borders are just a small part of the problem in some places they could be better like in south Africa or Nigeria but in other places it would make no difference like in Cameroon . and some of them were not made up by Europeans like Ethiopia and even some countries like Uganda and Rwanda existed before the Europeans came and are similar to pre colonial times.
This is gonna be a long one So glad i found you my guy So, let me tell you my experience as a Ugandan born and bred, about the borders in Africa and my thoughts on it. And my country in general too. The borders are shit. Most of them (barring the North Africans) only exist as they do coz they were the former colonial administrative units. Uganda as a colony/protectorate grew from the at the time strongest feudal kingdom. North and West of Lake Victoria. With the usual methods of unequal treaties and arming one faction to the detriment of others. I don't want to say divide and conquer, the Kingdoms were fighting each other on and off for centuries now. And it was never obvious that the Brits had conquered us until there was a change in status quo that a leader didn't particularly like. They're called Agreements. Like the 1900 Buganda Agreement. Or the 1901 Ankole Agreement. It sounds like a simple trade deal, when we know the respective kingdoms gave up their destiny The situation right now is ....mixed. Tribes like congregating together and talking and being together even when not in their "homelands" We are polite to other tribes to make living easier if nothing else. And we can happily form close bonds of friendship with those from other tribes. Even the rare marriage. But what we have in this country is a professional coworkers relationship with other tribes, and things can go either way. Bad or good. Why is this?? In the beginning immediately after independence tribalism was the order of the day. It was very very bad. The first Prime Minister was openly racist. Everyone treated democracy like a game to win, especially by cheating. What the current government did, starting a civil war was incontestably a good thing. But of course, the Revolution came full circle. They're not as bad as the guy before but thats like saying freezing point is hotter than absolute zero The current ruling party style of ruling is a hands off sort of thing. They allow opposition parties to exist, but they can't actually spread their politics effectively. They're not allowed to hold rallies, their offices are periodically raided for flimsy reasons etc. Cut them off at their knees. Crucially its not a Russia style gulag if you look at the president funny. He allows opposition and opposing opinions and shit. The ones with the potential to be threats are harrassed a bit with a sprinkling of kidnapping and torture to keep them on their toes, but not truly that vigilant. Normal citizens are allowed to hate the rulers. What are they gonna do, vote for someone else. That hasn't worked in 30 years it's not gonna start now And yes, as mentioned in the video, the big man tends to favour his tribe in patronage. But not to a resentment inducing level. So, some are resentful of some tribes. Some have negative stereotypes about some tribes. It could be better. It could be worse. Anyway, throughout our struggles, very very very few people ever suggested secession. The ones that did weren't taken seriously to the point that i only heard about that mess after the fact. We are stuck with eachother and we're content with that. Some countries really do need a reorganization to sort themselves out. DRC simply shouldn't exist as a single entity. It's too messy. Some multiethnic countries by constrast are fine. And are getting better. Could the Europeans have organized the borders more intelligently. They could've. It would require them to spend lots of money in surveys and creating administrative structures. They chose not to, because the countries as they were were unstable and shaky and ripe for exploitation even having achieved independence. I wouldn't have made such an altruistic decision if i was in their shoes. And I'm normal We really should be looking to the future and planning a positive one instead of looking to the past in search of reasons for our failings. Look to it yes, learn the harsh lessons taught and move on.
Thank you! Comparing the relationships between different groups to relationships between professional coworkers is really interesting, but that does make sense!
I just want to write this as a European, who isn't knowledgable in Africa at all. You in my eyes made a hell of a good job. This is basically on the level of an academic paper and I feel overjoyed, that I have access to this for free.
Ethnically homogenous countries may also be more likely to turn towards fascistic ideals - cracking down on minorities, trying to conquer territory they view as inhabited by "our people", or just trying to exploit other countries in general because it's easier to paint them as enemies or just undeserving. I think most of the problems occur when there's one really dominant political structure and multiple fractured ones (democracy doesn't function is 20% of the population can't win elections on ETHNIC grounds), or two equal ones vying for dominance (where each side tries to win by painting the other as demonic, such as in Nigeria... or the US.) (Edit: I'm partially kidding about the US - the problem in the US is not a lack of ethnoreligious identities, but a winner-take-all political system. Nigeria is also ethnically, but not religiously, diverse, but aside from that I frankly don't know whether their political system is or isn't set up to enhance tensions.)
@ExtraInExile thanks for making this video. You hit the nail on the head and even brought up things I didn't think of before such as using native language in educatuon. I hope this means a lot coming from a Nigerian! P.S.1:48:10 ...that was a very *brave* move putting this is an Africa video. (just laugh at that joke please)
The immigrants in Europe will return back eventually. They are guests at the hospitality of the Europeans. For the Americans, Australians, Canadians, etc,, do I believe that a single race should continue to dominate (Europeans) but the concept of ethnostate there should not exist.
@@rewarp4017 The Irish that came to America especially during the potato famine in Ireland never returned back to Ireland even after the famine was long over.
@@rewarp4017 well unfortunately for you, americans, canadians, australians, new zealanders etc. will continue to be the way that they are, they are known for being multicultural societies for a reason, for example canada's population is 25% immigrants and will only be increasing, your dreams of white dominated nations ain't happening anytime soon pal
This was an interesting documentary to watch, through. Well done. As yet an other European, this helps me to understand Africa abit more, since I nevere really got in touch with Africa or what so ever. Thank you so much.
As someone who gave you shit for your first African borders video, I’m only 11 minutes into this new video, and I already think you did a better job with it. Well done!
It is worth mentioning that in the African context one's mother tongue is not always considered to be their native language. my mothertongue is Mashi(because of my tribe) but my native language is Swahili. if the goverment would implement programs for all the local language in a country like DRC for instance, it would be a big mess. So people learn one of the four the national languages depending on the region and the the official language. Later on the learn some english (international language).
South Africa isn't as linguistically diverse as it pretends to be. The real number of languages is around 6. Cause a lot of them are similar enough to be the same language. Zimbabwe is shockingly not majority shona. It's just the language favoured for communication among locals. But some of the languages like Ndebele are similar to languages like Zulu.
Is that true? Based on my understanding, many dialects of what claims to be the same language often has quite low intelligibility. I've talked to Akan speaking Ghanaians who told me they found it hard to understand other Akan speaking Ghanaians and actually prefer to speak to them in Pidgin. They even write their language in different writing systems Edit: I read this as West Africa lol. I'll leave the comment here as a monument to my inability to read. Cheers
Not true. South africa should have more languages that the one recognized in fact..khooekhoegowab,bachana, hlubi...etc many languages and cultures died and were forced to become Zulu or xhosa. Some of these cultures are now fighting for recognition as separate nations.Then there are different San and khoe khoe languages with various clients clicks which are not mutually intelligible.
@@XolaWonders The Khoisan languages deserve me recognition. I agree with that. Hlubi is a dialect of Xhosa. From a linguistics perspective, isiXhosa, isiZulu, siSwati, and isiNdebele are the same language. They all share at least 90% of the same words. They only exist separately due to cultural reasons. Other languages like Sesotho, Setswana, and Sepedi would also benefit from being standardized into one language. We have to be honest with ourselves as a country that we aren't as linguistically diverse as we like to pretend we are.
@@XolaWonders The problem with the Khoisan languages is that they have very few speakers left. There's also that whole thing of coloured people claiming the Khoisan for political reasons.
48:56 Kenyan students UNDERSTAND what their teacher is saying, they speak the same language (English), there is progress on better schools, and they want to learn! My 5th grade teacher taught there on trips sometimes!
This video has been up for over 3 hours and TH-cam still refuses to process it for me in a higher resolution than 480p. Is that happening for anyone else, or was rendering this video in 480p was the only way Extra could even get this video out at all?
Your point on the use of native languages is weird. English being used in the classroom does not at all mean the native language isn't being used in the classroom, it is, alongside English. African countries also have their native languages as national languages that are taught alongside the official language. It's also weird that you represented the entirety of sub-sahara Africa as having an English based education when much of the countries in Africa are Francophone (French speaking) and Lusophone(Portuguese speaking).
Adding to that it is worth mentioning that in the African context one's mother tongue is not always considered to be their native language. my mother tongue is Mashi(because of my tribe) but my native language is Swahili. if the goverment would implement programs for all the local language in a country like DRC for instance, it would be a big mess. So people learn one of the four the national languages depending on the region and the the official language. Later on the learn some english (international language).
I know it's a joke but I can't tell if Nauru was singled out randomly or if this is referring to how Nauru wasted all it's resources and Africa is plentiful with resources
i think its because (unless chosen otherwise) when uploading a video it first uploads in 480 and then begins uploading higher resolutions which take way longer it happens to me
I would say this isnt Africa's borders being fine so much as it is, 'Messing with the borders is more trouble than its worth at this point' but i'd also argue that was exactly what was decided on at the Organisation of African Unity conference of 1964 anyway so we already knew that.
Even though ur clearly biased and even anti-european in some ways, its obvious this is the most comprehensive and neutral video on the issue. Good job.
I think this is a very important comment. There is a great deal of effort from OP to preserve balance between colonialism and anti-colonialism. Belgium is a bit guilty, as we all know. He (she? doesn’t matter) acknowledges this. But I don’t think this content can be classified as “anti-european” in any measurable sense. Perhaps subjectively, you can identify some specific “anti-european” phrases? I would be happy to hear them. But otherwise, as an American and Westerner and cis-heterosexual white male, I would like to acknowledge the really admirable objectivity of this video, which doesn’t appear to be “anti-european” at all. Just tells the truth. Humans are complicated. Black. White. Everything in between. Woman. Man. Everything in between. Colonials. Colonized. Everything in between. We shall overcome.
@@abrahamcollier im not gonna rewatch 2 hours of content to show you specific points where he lets his bias slip. Simply put, he makes some remarks about "european way of doing things" which strike very biased, if not anti-european. And you want to id-pol this shit? Well im a Latvian transwoman. I bet you dont even know such a country.
On the education point, it seems like public education is the problem. Having a top-down education system means the majority is (allegedly) served, at the expense of minorities. Imagine if instead, a charter school system was used, where parents could shop around for the kind of school that best served their student. Montessori education should also be encouraged, especially for early elementary, as it requires much less direct instruction and much more student-led exploration being guided by the teachers. Therefore, language becomes less of an issue. Plus, Montessori specifically built her system with stopping atrocities in mind. I sincerely think that any african government that actually wants to have a worthwhile education system should focus on giving grants to their citizens, both to study the Montessori method, as well as to start their own charter schools.
4:27 THANK YOU 10:38 depends on the services to some extent 12:08 right, it’s an excuse for other things 12:41 sorta a “nanny state” way of looking at it, but I see your point 12:50 yeah, that’s pragmatic, most people are more concerned with that imo 13:47 ah yes, the Rwandan Geno. i love not having free speech. 16:27 oh like witch trials 16:37 yeah that’s normally how that goes imo 17:08 wouldn’t merit be better than ethnic quotas? 17:35 yeah that’s good 17:54 oh here’s the stuff people don’t usually teach 21:00 oh that’s why that keeps happening 24:52 oh 30:01 yeah 32:44 uh oh 33:36 oh dang 33:39 isn’t that how Somalia was run for a long time before colonialism? 35:05 that doesn’t make the idea of a central state sound very good in the first place honestly… 36:31 HA 38:08 oh right that’s a good point 39:45 ah yes the coof 40:56 oh dang 43:35 hmmmmm that’s interesting 43:41 awwwww 44:13 HA 46:26 amen to that, forgiveness is a good builder of empathy 49:40 the English language has become what Esperanto only dreamed of. 50:33 come to Louisiana, you can have BOTH! 52:28 WHAT the HECK is THAT 52:36 yeah that’s fair 52:57 see point for 49:40 54:43 oh so that’s the context of that image ok 56:34 Dang it 58:45 DANG IT 1:00:38 why the heck do THEY care? 1:00:46 that and the disconnect with the francophone population doesn’t really make central states look good 1:05:53 oh? Interesting 1:07:09 HA 1:09:00 HAHA 1:09:20 Haha? 1:10:26 HAHAwait 1:11:23 THANK YOU 1:14:14 HAHAHA 1:15:35 Oh right, did they even leave? Kinda I guess 1:15:45 oooooof 1:18:27 Wooooowwwwww 1:20:51 I love not having freedom of speech 1:23:42 Oh 1:26:00 Ethiopia NO 1:27:40 oh dear lord 1:29:50 awwwww 1:29:55 excuse me? 1:31:07 ooftonium 1:32:36 um what 1:33:03 wat teh hek 1:37:48 THANK YOU!!!!!! 1:38:09 EXCUSE ME?! 1:39:22 yeah people don’t really LIVE THERE 1:42:39 oh right 1:46:30 free speech???? 1:47:19 oh that’s good! 1:48:33 that IS funny I’m gonna read that article, it sounds hilarious, and this was a GREAT VIDEO!
I disagree with the statement that there has been progress made. Maybe there has been progress in other countries, but there's none in mine. There is still ethnic tensions, that wouldn't exist if things were going well.
African states themselves are actually pretty decent at deaping with it these days, aknowleding their borders created problems but also pretty universally recognizing that irredentism of any sort trying to fix it would only make it worse. In the long term I'm more optimistic about the rposepct of some african states then I am some developed countriee in europe and asia tbh
Subscribed because I watched the whole 2 hour video and it teased about a next video about Eurovision 2024 P.S. I learned more about Africa than I ever did, I think
1:41 yaasss gurl we need gay lines rn! 🌈 Happy pride month! And also celebrate that in this year, three different countries chose to legalize same-sex marriage and further LGBTQIA+ rights. Those are Greece, Nepal, and Thailand.
hey i dont know how you got rest of north Africa wrong but its bad 1. Morocco algeria tunis could all be one unified nations considering amazigh history 2. Maghreb means the maghreb region so algeria being called maghreb is stupid because of fact its means north Africa 3. libya would be divided into 2 east and west west would be maghrebi and east would be egyptian 4. Amazigh tuaregs would have an independent nation not some fictional Atlantic sahara
@@texenna of course a american or european comes to tell me a north African I'm wrong just do research look it up bro he's got all of north Africa very very wrong
@@azathothog Akhi look at my name, im algerian my name is a village in algeria that's where I am from. My tribe is beni foughal. Get rid of that superiority complex.
@@texenna wsh zamel sahbi then why are you disagreeing and beni fougal isn't a tribe brother you should know better because teexena isn't a a city or town name and funny how algeria is racist towards kayble people
So thorough i rewatched multiple times to retain every detail of a very forgotten country. (joke please read How to write about Africa article) Greetings from a latam fan, kinda wish there were something like this for "Mexico"
FInaly, Extra in Exile is back! This video was probably your best yet, it was really informative, you did a lot of research, it was awesome! I enjoyed every second of your new movie! (Vexillology volumes and lore drop when?)
46:05 NO WAY YOU PLAYED THAT GAME???? I remember this as a flash game produced by the german emission "Sendung mit der Maus" where you played the mouse like liberia and caught flowers or something. Back in first grade there used to be one computer in the classroom that, before the first lesson, everyone would get around while one got to play around, and this was one of the games we played. Man This gave me such a nostalgia kick :D. Since you're belgian I assume, you played some kind of reskin of this game?
Dude became an Africanologist just because a few people criticized his map
Now that's a character arc.
Is there any better reason to do anything?
he literrly got north africa so wrong....
I saw this comment and thought, “What does this mean?”. Within 10 minutes, I understood, and am amazed. The intellectual flexibility of OP is genuinely remarkable. Thank you for bringing this to our attention 🙏
@azathothog I mean lookat him saying europens are Islamophobia so thanking he knows anything while reading from Wikipedia is funny af
I grew up in Kenya and Tanzania, so I have a weird perspective of a foreigner who has spent their entire life in East Africa. One thing I'd like to point out about Tanzania is that one way the early government (especially under Nyerere) built cross-tribe connections was education. Despite the many, many, many shortcomings of Tanzanian education, they made secondary education mandatory (kind of) and free (kind of). But the key thing was that you didn't get to choose which school you went to, you were randomly (kind of) shuffled to any school in Tanzania. This meant that most people spent a large portion of their formative years in another tribe's area, which made Swahili more important as a lingua Franca, and lowered inter-tribe differences. For lots of people I know, they ended up settling where they were educated, and marrying someone they went to school with. So they might be ethnically Sukuma, and their spouse Maasai, but they live and work in Meru, and that's the only home their kids have ever known. You can also see this with how religion is distributed through Tanzania (and how there's significantly lower levels of religious tension in Tanzania compared to any other country so closely split between two religions), with a much lower coastal Muslim population that the rest of the East African coast, but also a Muslim population that extends father inland than the east of East Africa, and is fairly evenly distributed throughout the country. I think that education policy is one of the reasons that, no matter what people disliked about the ruling party (CCM), I never once heard opposition be drawn on religious or ethnic lines.
For that matter, CCM, having ruled from independence, has internally managed ethnic and religious factors very well. The president alternates between a Muslim and Christian, and their Vice President alternates inversely. Even though TZ is effectively a one-party state, the President is limited to two terms (and the President that introduced that law did so in his second term, and retroactively applied it to himself, banning himself from running for office again).
All that to say, Tanzania has lots of problems, but also has done wonders to make sure that religious and ethnic tensions are as close to non-existent as possible, which has allowed them to have reasonably fair distribution of government resources, relatively equal access to services and highways and the like, and relatively equal attention from the government.
Obviously I'm not Tanzanian (or African) either, but I loved this video, and it lines up well with everything I've been taught/researched/etc. ❤ the video!
Ooooh that's a lot of stuff I didn't know before, thank you! I didn't say a lot about why Swahili became Tanzania's lingua franca, so this really helps with contextualizing that.
Huh, that kind of sounds like why a lot of the countries in the Americas don't really have much inter ethnic and inter religious conflict, because the colonization homogenized things a lot. There are still conflicts along political lines but ethnic and religious ties really never come into it as basically everyone has some sort of mixed ancestry.
It does sound kind of sad that a lot of the regional ethnic identities will be eroded due to all this mixing, but I guess if it brings peace and prosperity then hey good for them.
And now you should read the Atlantic Magazine article, The Great Serngeti Land Grab:
How Gulf princes, the safari industry, and conservation groups are displacing the Maasai from the last of their Serengeti homeland
By Stephanie McCrummen
Sorry if too personal, but why wouldn't you be African if you grew up and live in Africa?
@@drezhb Same way as if an American grew up in Germany and was raised in Germany. he's not German.
"I say we should draw the borders like the vic2 ethnic map" - Otto Von Bismark
Lmao!
I thought it was Walpole?
lmao i was tired enough rn that i thought this was a real quote for a bit
***sigh*** ... I've made a severe and continuous lapse in my judgement, Africa's borders are fine, actually
We did it, bois. We bullied him into changing his opinion.
@@FictionHubZANow we will bully him into changing it back
They arent for somalia
extra had a lapse i judgement what do you mean they are fine they just dont end everybody but they not good
welcome back exile. good thing your back from isolation. we all needed it.
yeah
He’s back from EXILE 💀 From Siberia
I never really thought the map was meant to say African borders are terrible, but considering your answer to my comment, I guess you could've taken it this way; I'm sorry for it, great video regardless
Don't worry, I don't really remember any individual comments from that video besides the ones that came up a lot, like with the Adal/Oromia thing.
Two hours? You spoil us. No wonder this was so hyped up for so long.
All this has taught me that "if you ever blame Europeans for what's happening in Africa - just look at Ethiopia".
thank you!
Your content is in my opinion really important in the "scientifically-political niche" of TH-cam, where funnily enough actual scientific working is not that prevalent as one would like to think.
I really enjoy your videos, because you don't just scream something out in the internet but actually try to back your points up, which are clearly your own opinion, this gives your points the authoritie they thusly deserve, while not acting as if you were an authority figure.
This way of acting is highly important in a more and more polarizing world of social media.
keep up the good work
Thank you, that's really nice to hear! I felt like my previous videos there were always some holes in my arguments because I didn't do my research properly, so I wanted to do that a bit more thoroughly this time. I think there are many other people in this niche who've done a better job at it than me though, 'cause I mostly copied them (Fredda for example).
what other channels would you recommend that you'd call "scientifically-political"?
@@ratronald that is unfortunately a really hard question, as many of these channels have an angle they focus on.
The biggest of these angles I'd call the "TH-cam angle" with people like real life lore and other copycats making it up, personally I see that angle as a complete waste of time and wouldn't recommend these channels whatsoever, as they prefer sensationalism and clickbait rather than something with actual content.
Now there are a lot of possible angles with some better or worse, but I regard them all as biased to a degree where fully trusting anyone is a fools errand.
A better example with a sociological angle is Kraut, who in my opinion does cover most topics in a very interesting and different way than others.
Another example I like to give is Whatifalthist, who definitely is very political and even regarded as something of a black sheep, I like him when he is basing himself on facts but you should never watch him when you're not ready to constantly contest what he says. Whatifalthist is probably one of the most intelligent creators of the genre but also a very radical one, who as I see it radicalized himself for my taste a bit too much, but some things he mentions nearby are things most of the talentless hacks in the genre could never come up with.
I think the genre is very flawed by the way, and whenever a creator doesn't mention his sources you should discard them
@@fr4rq236 Yeah, I myself have watched Kraut and WIAH, and something I saw from both of them is their strength of rhetoric mixed with my own ignorance on much of what they discussed led me to see them as more rigorous than where my personal standards lie. I like strong sourcing and that's not a strength in this genre at the moment.
Don't get me wrong, I'm not saying creators of their style can't be informative. While I've weened myself off of Kraut in recent years I still find him an interesting creator and his work has pointed me to spaces in human geography I had previously ignored. But he's often been critiqued for oversimplifying historical narratives. And since his sourcing methods are much harder to access than somebody like Fredda (whom also editorializes a lot but at least has clear sources), I have a difficult time exploring the topics on my own.
WIAH, like you say, needs to be constantly contested for what he says. When he tried to cover Tolkien's writing he tried to say he read basically all the primary sources on Norse mythology, but not only was the Poetic Edda alone higher than his stated page count for the entire category, he included sources like the Prose Edda which aren't even primary sources! He definitely has a skill with rhetoric and a broad imagination that can paint an enticing perspective, but he's so wildly incorrect about the historical subjects I'm familiar with (such as Norse sagas and U.S. history) that I can't watch him for more than entertainment and as a learning exercise. Thankfully he's gotten marginally better about sourcing recently, and hopefully he deradicalizes long enough to recognize his weaknesses and lean into his strengths. I'd be quite interested in picking up a quality alt history book of his at the library, for instance.
@Scarfhead Very interesting to hear your experiences, do you currently still consume this genre on a notable level, because I can't be bothered to watch a video that often times just feels like a BuzzFeed article talking about politics
Man did a deep-dive into the social sciences just because 5% of voters hard-disliked his most notable video.
If that isn't a character arc, then I don't know what is.
12:35 I think, as much as you've totally convinced me that ethnic diversity does not _inherently_ cause instability, I still think it'd be remiss not to point out that the _reason_ why a state may distribute its resources inequally... is *because* of ethnic conflicts, as with Sudan. Ruling power is one ethnicity in particular, or those ethnicities have a _history_ of conflict already > active attempts are made to snub the region with the not-in-power ethnic group > separatist movements.
edit: you pretty much cover this in 20:50 so that's cool
Other examples: Scotland (history of conflict + relative underinvestment), Tibet (basically undergoing colonisation, so although plenty of investment, also plenty of conflict)... Catalonia's an interesting one, because their argument is that they're _propping up_ the rest of Spain, which I think... is a bit of a selfish reason to secede, but whatever
Yeah it is kind of like a cycle between unequal distribution of resources and conflicts that make it worse and worse.
This was a great video! Being half Ghanaian myself, I this video went over a lot of things that are completely accurate about Africa.
This is my first video of yours I have watched and and blown away by how well researched and written it is. I have always had an interest in learning about Africa both in its history and how its has been developing in modern times and am let down by how often the continent is ignored or has very surface level research/writing done in media. I very much appreciate the materialist/scientific approach you take in the video to explain Africas conditions but also how you are able to show the point of view of the nations, groups, and tribes throughout. I'm rambling at this point but to sum up: Amazing video and hope to see more long form content from you in the future, kudos!
The "redrawing the borders would ruin the progress" is similar to why i think that the us borders should not change even if its ugly im from Colorado and whenever someone groups us with Nebraska or something it doesn't make sense to me thats why i think us and african broders may look ajd function poorly if they change it will ruin something
2 hours?! I got my phone as soon as I got the notification, even though it's 6 minutes past 12am here, but this one might have to wait until morning.
The idea that Africa would become developed had it just been divided into 100 billion landlocked states with a GDP of 17 USD puzzles me
Ethnic federations, like Ethiopia, could do the country a lot of good. Just because someone argues for african states to have coherent identities doesn't mean they want every single scant tribe to have their own nation.
A Thing also wildly downplayed IS that right after Independence many Chose communism with the usual symptons you can compared africa with eastern Europe and See a Lot of similarities in the political sphere add to that American,European financial interest you get a trainwreck
@@laisphinto6372 True!
If you look at many other examples, you see that development can happen extremely rapidly. Such as China, Singapore, Germany, Japan.
@@Prometheus7272 Africa just never produced the empires necessary to homogenize the culture of a big enough area
Great video! I started learning more about Africa's history and trying to understand geopolitics, and so I found your video to be extremely interesting! Honestrly there are movies that couldn't hold me as glued to my screen as your video lol
Good job, in this research video.
In fact, this is a rare countryball youtuber, let alone history/political/social youtuber in general that cites actual research papers and books and make a longer video.
And it's even rarer for a countryball youtuber to site more than 2 to 5 sources, and you use multiple sources to build your argument instead of just using one source as the main source through the whole video, with a few other sources to make a small rebuttal and support to supplement their main source, like most uni students who just want to finish their research essays to get a decent grade.
its sad this guy doesn't upload that often since he really had potential
Honestly I don't subscribe to the idea that if borders in Africa or the middle east were better drawn everyone would just get along, and that it's Europeans fault that everyone hates each other. It just feels like one is just trying to find an easy and anti-colonial excuse for it. Yeah they were poorly drawn, but you'd be kidding yourself if you think they wouldn't all hate each other.
My guess as to why these places are in such a mess would be that by the time colonialism ended, these countries were thrown into a global market that they were not at all ready for, no education, no industry no institutions. Just raw resources that everyone wanted to buy, which in turn made the most effective way to make a living to just try and take control over as many of these resources, sell them off and not develop anything beyond what's necessary to secure the raw resources.
What about the countires that wete fairly successful post colonialism and the Zimbabwe tier states.
Yeah he basically says that in the video but without ignoring that colonialism was bad
the borders are just a small part of the problem in some places they could be better like in south Africa or Nigeria but in other places it would make no difference like in Cameroon . and some of them were not made up by Europeans like Ethiopia and even some countries like Uganda and Rwanda existed before the Europeans came and are similar to pre colonial times.
This video legitimately changed my life extra, thank you for making this masterpiece.
Babe, wake up, Extra is back and he's more extra than ever
This is gonna be a long one
So glad i found you my guy
So, let me tell you my experience as a Ugandan born and bred, about the borders in Africa and my thoughts on it. And my country in general too.
The borders are shit. Most of them (barring the North Africans) only exist as they do coz they were the former colonial administrative units.
Uganda as a colony/protectorate grew from the at the time strongest feudal kingdom. North and West of Lake Victoria. With the usual methods of unequal treaties and arming one faction to the detriment of others. I don't want to say divide and conquer, the Kingdoms were fighting each other on and off for centuries now. And it was never obvious that the Brits had conquered us until there was a change in status quo that a leader didn't particularly like. They're called Agreements. Like the 1900 Buganda Agreement. Or the 1901 Ankole Agreement.
It sounds like a simple trade deal, when we know the respective kingdoms gave up their destiny
The situation right now is ....mixed. Tribes like congregating together and talking and being together even when not in their "homelands"
We are polite to other tribes to make living easier if nothing else. And we can happily form close bonds of friendship with those from other tribes. Even the rare marriage.
But what we have in this country is a professional coworkers relationship with other tribes, and things can go either way. Bad or good.
Why is this?? In the beginning immediately after independence tribalism was the order of the day. It was very very bad. The first Prime Minister was openly racist. Everyone treated democracy like a game to win, especially by cheating.
What the current government did, starting a civil war was incontestably a good thing. But of course, the Revolution came full circle. They're not as bad as the guy before but thats like saying freezing point is hotter than absolute zero
The current ruling party style of ruling is a hands off sort of thing. They allow opposition parties to exist, but they can't actually spread their politics effectively. They're not allowed to hold rallies, their offices are periodically raided for flimsy reasons etc. Cut them off at their knees. Crucially its not a Russia style gulag if you look at the president funny. He allows opposition and opposing opinions and shit. The ones with the potential to be threats are harrassed a bit with a sprinkling of kidnapping and torture to keep them on their toes, but not truly that vigilant. Normal citizens are allowed to hate the rulers. What are they gonna do, vote for someone else. That hasn't worked in 30 years it's not gonna start now
And yes, as mentioned in the video, the big man tends to favour his tribe in patronage. But not to a resentment inducing level.
So, some are resentful of some tribes. Some have negative stereotypes about some tribes. It could be better. It could be worse.
Anyway, throughout our struggles, very very very few people ever suggested secession. The ones that did weren't taken seriously to the point that i only heard about that mess after the fact. We are stuck with eachother and we're content with that.
Some countries really do need a reorganization to sort themselves out. DRC simply shouldn't exist as a single entity. It's too messy.
Some multiethnic countries by constrast are fine. And are getting better.
Could the Europeans have organized the borders more intelligently. They could've. It would require them to spend lots of money in surveys and creating administrative structures. They chose not to, because the countries as they were were unstable and shaky and ripe for exploitation even having achieved independence. I wouldn't have made such an altruistic decision if i was in their shoes. And I'm normal
We really should be looking to the future and planning a positive one instead of looking to the past in search of reasons for our failings. Look to it yes, learn the harsh lessons taught and move on.
Thank you! Comparing the relationships between different groups to relationships between professional coworkers is really interesting, but that does make sense!
Congolese love their country and have fought for it to exist. You as a non-congolese don't have a say in that. Foreigners are the reason it is messy
I just want to write this as a European, who isn't knowledgable in Africa at all. You in my eyes made a hell of a good job. This is basically on the level of an academic paper and I feel overjoyed, that I have access to this for free.
I watched your Africa border video on my birthday actually. Also 13:32 there’s a movie called Hotel Rwanda that takes place in this event
Ethnically homogenous countries may also be more likely to turn towards fascistic ideals - cracking down on minorities, trying to conquer territory they view as inhabited by "our people", or just trying to exploit other countries in general because it's easier to paint them as enemies or just undeserving.
I think most of the problems occur when there's one really dominant political structure and multiple fractured ones (democracy doesn't function is 20% of the population can't win elections on ETHNIC grounds), or two equal ones vying for dominance (where each side tries to win by painting the other as demonic, such as in Nigeria... or the US.)
(Edit: I'm partially kidding about the US - the problem in the US is not a lack of ethnoreligious identities, but a winner-take-all political system. Nigeria is also ethnically, but not religiously, diverse, but aside from that I frankly don't know whether their political system is or isn't set up to enhance tensions.)
If all Africa needed was to have nation states then Somalia and South Sudan would be wonderful paradises.
South Sudan is not a nation state at all.
Somalia is missing its land
somalia is missing alot of land
There would be 3000+ COUNTRIES IN AFRICA
@@shafsteryellowIt won't ever get it back
Please make a deep dive video on ASEAN/Southeast Asia just like with Africa :)).
Mega wowzers video but "is easy, actually", "is good, actually", and "is fine, actually" ahh TH-cam title trend
In this case it mirrors the name of the original video "Africa's borders suck".
Love to see your content growing bigger in scale. Nice personality
Amazons Video, watched every second of it! Keep up the good work, not many youtubers can make a 2 hour video this entertaining!
Love this channel so much, crazy how much your content has improved since I first started watching.
@ExtraInExile thanks for making this video. You hit the nail on the head and even brought up things I didn't think of before such as using native language in educatuon. I hope this means a lot coming from a Nigerian!
P.S.1:48:10 ...that was a very *brave* move putting this is an Africa video.
(just laugh at that joke please)
This is your most interesting video! I love learning about Afrika, keep this up!
I love that last section! Research is intimidated, so I love hearing someone share the joy in it and share their readings!
2 hour long animated video essay.... YOU MAD LAD
Please make a video on the Resource Curse, especially the effects of the resource curse in Africa.
It’s crazy how much people suggest ethnostates in Africa but treat it like fascism(which it kind of is) at home.
The immigrants in Europe will return back eventually. They are guests at the hospitality of the Europeans. For the Americans, Australians, Canadians, etc,, do I believe that a single race should continue to dominate (Europeans) but the concept of ethnostate there should not exist.
@@rewarp4017I'd like a view inside your mind. Must be a scary place.😊
@@rewarp4017the immigrants from Europe should return, yes
@@rewarp4017 The Irish that came to America especially during the potato famine in Ireland never returned back to Ireland even after the famine was long over.
@@rewarp4017 well unfortunately for you, americans, canadians, australians, new zealanders etc. will continue to be the way that they are, they are known for being multicultural societies for a reason, for example canada's population is 25% immigrants and will only be increasing, your dreams of white dominated nations ain't happening anytime soon pal
This was an interesting documentary to watch, through. Well done. As yet an other European, this helps me to understand Africa abit more, since I nevere really got in touch with Africa or what so ever. Thank you so much.
Welcome back, I wasn't expecting this today, but I'm sure here for it.
As someone who gave you shit for your first African borders video, I’m only 11 minutes into this new video, and I already think you did a better job with it.
Well done!
I didn't think about a 2 hour long video , but still that amazing
It is worth mentioning that in the African context one's mother tongue is not always considered to be their native language. my mothertongue is Mashi(because of my tribe) but my native language is Swahili. if the goverment would implement programs for all the local language in a country like DRC for instance, it would be a big mess. So people learn one of the four the national languages depending on the region and the the official language. Later on the learn some english (international language).
South Africa isn't as linguistically diverse as it pretends to be.
The real number of languages is around 6. Cause a lot of them are similar enough to be the same language.
Zimbabwe is shockingly not majority shona. It's just the language favoured for communication among locals. But some of the languages like Ndebele are similar to languages like Zulu.
Is that true? Based on my understanding, many dialects of what claims to be the same language often has quite low intelligibility. I've talked to Akan speaking Ghanaians who told me they found it hard to understand other Akan speaking Ghanaians and actually prefer to speak to them in Pidgin. They even write their language in different writing systems
Edit: I read this as West Africa lol. I'll leave the comment here as a monument to my inability to read. Cheers
@@micayahritchie7158 😂
Not true. South africa should have more languages that the one recognized in fact..khooekhoegowab,bachana, hlubi...etc many languages and cultures died and were forced to become Zulu or xhosa. Some of these cultures are now fighting for recognition as separate nations.Then there are different San and khoe khoe languages with various clients clicks which are not mutually intelligible.
@@XolaWonders The Khoisan languages deserve me recognition. I agree with that. Hlubi is a dialect of Xhosa. From a linguistics perspective, isiXhosa, isiZulu, siSwati, and isiNdebele are the same language. They all share at least 90% of the same words. They only exist separately due to cultural reasons. Other languages like Sesotho, Setswana, and Sepedi would also benefit from being standardized into one language.
We have to be honest with ourselves as a country that we aren't as linguistically diverse as we like to pretend we are.
@@XolaWonders The problem with the Khoisan languages is that they have very few speakers left. There's also that whole thing of coloured people claiming the Khoisan for political reasons.
48:56
Kenyan students UNDERSTAND what their teacher is saying, they speak the same language (English), there is progress on better schools, and they want to learn!
My 5th grade teacher taught there on trips sometimes!
First channel I ever subbed to, and it was absolutely worth it!
This video has been up for over 3 hours and TH-cam still refuses to process it for me in a higher resolution than 480p. Is that happening for anyone else, or was rendering this video in 480p was the only way Extra could even get this video out at all?
Woah a two hour long extra in exile video? My day just got ten times better!
He isn’t back from exile, but he’s back from his hard work.
Your point on the use of native languages is weird. English being used in the classroom does not at all mean the native language isn't being used in the classroom, it is, alongside English. African countries also have their native languages as national languages that are taught alongside the official language. It's also weird that you represented the entirety of sub-sahara Africa as having an English based education when much of the countries in Africa are Francophone (French speaking) and Lusophone(Portuguese speaking).
Adding to that it is worth mentioning that in the African context one's mother tongue is not always considered to be their native language. my mother tongue is Mashi(because of my tribe) but my native language is Swahili. if the goverment would implement programs for all the local language in a country like DRC for instance, it would be a big mess. So people learn one of the four the national languages depending on the region and the the official language. Later on the learn some english (international language).
just give all of Africa to Nauru smh
Not today Satan
Why not to Tuvalu instead? Or maybe even Kiribati?
I know it's a joke but I can't tell if Nauru was singled out randomly or if this is referring to how Nauru wasted all it's resources and Africa is plentiful with resources
@CompactStar both (I dont know jack shit about Nauru)
Its a happy day when Extra-Exile upload
Oh my God, two damn hours, this definitely makes up for the last 10 months
"Borders are Not Barriers But Bridges"
Nice 👍
I like EMB…
Also I recognize different scenes from the community posts
Might be a mistake but the vid is only available to up to 480p
this is still true
i think its because (unless chosen otherwise) when uploading a video it first uploads in 480 and then begins uploading higher resolutions which take way longer it happens to me
@@Jahommmmmmtirrrrrrrrrrrrrrrmakes sense since this video is almost 2 HOURS LONG
Looks pretty good for 480p.
I would say this isnt Africa's borders being fine so much as it is, 'Messing with the borders is more trouble than its worth at this point' but i'd also argue that was exactly what was decided on at the Organisation of African Unity conference of 1964 anyway so we already knew that.
Even though ur clearly biased and even anti-european in some ways, its obvious this is the most comprehensive and neutral video on the issue. Good job.
Anti-evil*
@@ugwuanyicollins6136 thats racist lol
It will be 1 africa
I think this is a very important comment. There is a great deal of effort from OP to preserve balance between colonialism and anti-colonialism. Belgium is a bit guilty, as we all know. He (she? doesn’t matter) acknowledges this. But I don’t think this content can be classified as “anti-european” in any measurable sense. Perhaps subjectively, you can identify some specific “anti-european” phrases? I would be happy to hear them. But otherwise, as an American and Westerner and cis-heterosexual white male, I would like to acknowledge the really admirable objectivity of this video, which doesn’t appear to be “anti-european” at all. Just tells the truth. Humans are complicated. Black. White. Everything in between. Woman. Man. Everything in between. Colonials. Colonized. Everything in between. We shall overcome.
@@abrahamcollier im not gonna rewatch 2 hours of content to show you specific points where he lets his bias slip. Simply put, he makes some remarks about "european way of doing things" which strike very biased, if not anti-european.
And you want to id-pol this shit? Well im a Latvian transwoman. I bet you dont even know such a country.
On the education point, it seems like public education is the problem. Having a top-down education system means the majority is (allegedly) served, at the expense of minorities. Imagine if instead, a charter school system was used, where parents could shop around for the kind of school that best served their student. Montessori education should also be encouraged, especially for early elementary, as it requires much less direct instruction and much more student-led exploration being guided by the teachers. Therefore, language becomes less of an issue. Plus, Montessori specifically built her system with stopping atrocities in mind.
I sincerely think that any african government that actually wants to have a worthwhile education system should focus on giving grants to their citizens, both to study the Montessori method, as well as to start their own charter schools.
I disagree, I think the borders are stupid, however I still appreciate you for making such a huge and high quality video!
crazy how people who watched this when it was posted so far didnt even finish it yet
4:27 THANK YOU
10:38 depends on the services to some extent
12:08 right, it’s an excuse for other things
12:41 sorta a “nanny state” way of looking at it, but I see your point
12:50 yeah, that’s pragmatic, most people are more concerned with that imo
13:47 ah yes, the Rwandan Geno. i love not having free speech.
16:27 oh like witch trials
16:37 yeah that’s normally how that goes imo
17:08 wouldn’t merit be better than ethnic quotas?
17:35 yeah that’s good
17:54 oh here’s the stuff people don’t usually teach
21:00 oh that’s why that keeps happening
24:52 oh
30:01 yeah
32:44 uh oh
33:36 oh dang
33:39 isn’t that how Somalia was run for a long time before colonialism?
35:05 that doesn’t make the idea of a central state sound very good in the first place honestly…
36:31 HA
38:08 oh right that’s a good point
39:45 ah yes the coof
40:56 oh dang
43:35 hmmmmm that’s interesting
43:41 awwwww
44:13 HA
46:26 amen to that, forgiveness is a good builder of empathy
49:40 the English language has become what Esperanto only dreamed of.
50:33 come to Louisiana, you can have BOTH!
52:28 WHAT the HECK is THAT
52:36 yeah that’s fair
52:57 see point for 49:40
54:43 oh so that’s the context of that image ok
56:34 Dang it
58:45 DANG IT
1:00:38 why the heck do THEY care?
1:00:46 that and the disconnect with the francophone population doesn’t really make central states look good
1:05:53 oh? Interesting
1:07:09 HA
1:09:00 HAHA
1:09:20 Haha?
1:10:26 HAHAwait
1:11:23 THANK YOU
1:14:14 HAHAHA
1:15:35 Oh right, did they even leave? Kinda I guess
1:15:45 oooooof
1:18:27 Wooooowwwwww
1:20:51 I love not having freedom of speech
1:23:42 Oh
1:26:00 Ethiopia NO
1:27:40 oh dear lord
1:29:50 awwwww
1:29:55 excuse me?
1:31:07 ooftonium
1:32:36 um what
1:33:03 wat teh hek
1:37:48 THANK YOU!!!!!!
1:38:09 EXCUSE ME?!
1:39:22 yeah people don’t really LIVE THERE
1:42:39 oh right
1:46:30 free speech????
1:47:19 oh that’s good!
1:48:33 that IS funny
I’m gonna read that article, it sounds hilarious, and this was a GREAT VIDEO!
come on they're gonna send me in exile too! dangit
specifically citing when things are your own thoughts is awesome
the exile has found it's new extra
The whole Morocco-Western Sahara situation almost reminds me of the Israel-Palestine conflict, funny how that works huh......
Not remotely comparable
I disagree with the statement that there has been progress made. Maybe there has been progress in other countries, but there's none in mine. There is still ethnic tensions, that wouldn't exist if things were going well.
What country do you live in
The fact I watched this video to the end shows how much of a great video this was! Keep up the great work!
comments from people who havent finished watching are insane
This is such an incredibly good video omg
I remember being somewhat irked by the original video so I was rlly happy to see this lol
African states themselves are actually pretty decent at deaping with it these days, aknowleding their borders created problems but also pretty universally recognizing that irredentism of any sort trying to fix it would only make it worse. In the long term I'm more optimistic about the rposepct of some african states then I am some developed countriee in europe and asia tbh
Really good video. Don't be too hard on yourself man!!!
Thanks for playing super mario galaxy music in the background
Subscribed because I watched the whole 2 hour video and it teased about a next video about Eurovision 2024
P.S. I learned more about Africa than I ever did, I think
Banger video, you got a new subscriber :)
This man disappeared for 6 months and dropped an extensive and comprehensive explanation on the entire continent of Africa
The legend is back!!!!
The Angolese exclave north of the DRC is not "fine", lol
Holy shit 2 hours. This is gonna be good
So this is why it took 6 months for a video
IT'S TWO HOURS LONG. Perfect to destroy my phone battery
After a good half year or spoilers, it’s finally here!
1:41 yaasss gurl we need gay lines rn! 🌈 Happy pride month! And also celebrate that in this year, three different countries chose to legalize same-sex marriage and further LGBTQIA+ rights. Those are Greece, Nepal, and Thailand.
Gay
@@RK-cj4ocyeah, and?
@@winterbliss4459fake
@@winterbliss4459lesbian
@@RK-cj4ocChadyes.jpg
Incredible video! Loved the performance at 1:38:01 ! Best part of this video!
hey i dont know how you got rest of north Africa wrong but its bad
1. Morocco algeria tunis could all be one unified nations considering amazigh history
2. Maghreb means the maghreb region so algeria being called maghreb is stupid because of fact its means north Africa
3. libya would be divided into 2 east and west west would be maghrebi and east would be egyptian
4. Amazigh tuaregs would have an independent nation not some fictional Atlantic sahara
not really
@@texenna of course a american or european comes to tell me a north African I'm wrong just do research look it up bro he's got all of north Africa very very wrong
@@azathothog Akhi look at my name, im algerian my name is a village in algeria that's where I am from. My tribe is beni foughal. Get rid of that superiority complex.
@@texenna wsh zamel sahbi then why are you disagreeing and beni fougal isn't a tribe brother you should know better because teexena isn't a a city or town name and funny how algeria is racist towards kayble people
I can't wait to watch a new video from this channel 🙏
This was supposed to come out at the beginning of my trip, glad it came out at the end.
As someone who's been subscribed since the first video on african borders I can confidently say that this is your best video yet!
Do you guys think extra might do a video just about Belize?
maybe, but probably no
So thorough i rewatched multiple times to retain every detail of a very forgotten country.
(joke please read How to write about Africa article)
Greetings from a latam fan, kinda wish there were something like this for "Mexico"
I repeat he is back
i immediately clicked on notification and only after 4:54 have i understood that this video is 2 HOURS LONG?
FInaly, Extra in Exile is back! This video was probably your best yet, it was really informative, you did a lot of research, it was awesome! I enjoyed every second of your new movie!
(Vexillology volumes and lore drop when?)
The exile has found it's new Extra
this video is awesome, your channel is awesome, keep it up
46:05
NO WAY YOU PLAYED THAT GAME????
I remember this as a flash game produced by the german emission "Sendung mit der Maus" where you played the mouse like liberia and caught flowers or something. Back in first grade there used to be one computer in the classroom that, before the first lesson, everyone would get around while one got to play around, and this was one of the games we played. Man This gave me such a nostalgia kick :D. Since you're belgian I assume, you played some kind of reskin of this game?
Man he must off actually been in exile to make this video.
man for the effort u put into this u deserve more views
I actually guessed the Seychelles as the most stable.
As a Sahrawi Moroccans (HAVET OCCUPIED) we litterly are Moroccan amazigh enough of this BS
Yeah just like Israeli arabs, lmfao
1:00:35 You know you are fuc**d when France and Russia agree that you don’t exist