5. Assam Polity [12-11-2024] [Part-5] [Scheduled-Tribal Areas, Election Commission, District Admin.]

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-Scheduled and Tribal Areas
-Article 244 (1) applies the Fifth Schedule provisions to Scheduled Areas in states other than Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.
-Article 244 (2) applies the Sixth Schedule to the aforementioned states.
-Tribal Advisory Council
-1995 : Bhuria Committee
-1996 : PESA Act
-Concerns Related to Scheduled Areas
-Provisions Related to STs in India
-Article 366(25): It only provides a process to define STs:
“STs means such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under Article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this Constitution.”
-Statutory Provisions
-Denotified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes
-Criminal Tribes Act of 1871 [Repealed-1952]
-Criminal Tribes Inquiry Committee, 1947 : Constituted in the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh)
-Ananthasayanam Ayyangar Committee in 1949 : Based on the report of this committee the Criminal Tribes Act was repealed.
-Kaka Kalelkar Commission [First OBC Commission]
-1953 :
B P Mandal Commission
-1980
: National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (NCRWC), 2002
-Challenges
-Related Developmental Efforts :
-Dr. Ambedkar Pre-Matric and Post-Matric Scholarship for DNTs
-
Nanaji Deshmukh Scheme of Construction of Hostels for DNT Boys and Girls
-Scheme for Economic Empowerment of DNTs
-DWBDNC [Development and Welfare Board for De-Notified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Communities] : Under MoSJE
-Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)
-Article 342(1): The President with respect to any State/UT (after consultation with the Governor in case of state) may specify the tribes/tribal communities/part of or groups within tribes/ tribal communities as a Scheduled Tribe in that State/UT.
-Related Developmental Efforts : PM-JANMAN
, Janjatiya Gaurav Divas
, Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra
, PM PVTG Mission
Election Commission :
-The Election Commission of India (ECI) : Functions and Responsibilities, Constitutional Provisions-Part XV [Articles 324-329], Structure of ECI : Election Commissioner Amendment Act 1989, Appointment & Tenure of Commissioners [CEC and Other ECs (Appointment, Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Act, 2023], Removal, Limitations, Anoop Baranwal vs Union of India Case, 2023
CONSTITUENCIES & RESERVATION OF SEATS, 18th Lok Sabha Elections : 2024, Election Commissioners of India
State Election Commission : Article 243 K & Article 243 ZA, Appointment, Tenure & Condition of Service, Removal, Lok Sabha Constituencies [Assam] : 14 [Before 2024 Delimitation], Lok Sabha Constituencies [Assam] : 14 [After 2024 Delimitation]
, Rajya Sabha Seats [Assam] : 7
, Assam State Legislative Assembly Constituencies [Assam] : 126 [Before 2024 Delimitation]
[SC-8, ST-16] and Assam State Legislative Assembly Constituencies [Assam] : 126 [After 2024 Delimitation] [SC-9, ST-19], Powers & Functions, Responsibilities
Note : Bodoland Territorial Council, NC Hills Autonomous Council & Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council under 6th Schedule of Constitution of India and other council's are constituted under relevant Act legislated by the State Govt.
Issues-Challenges, Reforms to Strengthen State Election Commissions, Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1950
Delimitation Commission
Constitutional Provisions :
-Under Article 82, the Parliament enacts a Delimitation Act after every Census.
-Under Article 170, States also get divided into territorial constituencies as per Delimitation Act after every Census.
-Concerns Related to Delimitation
-International Practices Related to Delimitation : The US
Bye Elections : 13-11-2024 : Five LAC No.11 Dholai (SC), No.31 (Sidli) (ST), No.32 Bongaigaon, No.77 Behali and No.88 Samaguri [Counting : 23-11-2024]
-District Administration
-Minutes of the District Development Committee (DDC) Meeting [October-2024]
-Sonitpur Lok Sabha Constituency : Earlier Tezpur Lok Sabha Constituency [Tezpur LSC consists of the 9 LACs]
-Delimitation : DISTRICT DELIMITATION COMMISSION : Constituted under Section 3 of The Assam Panchayat Act, 1994
-Consisting of -
1. District Commissioner [Chairman]
2. CEO, ZPC [Member Secretary]
3. Election Officer [Member]
-LAC LEVEL Task Force :
1. Team Leader : 1-Circle Officer [whose max. area falls in the LAC]
2. Team Members : 3
-One BDO [whose max. area falls in the LAC]
-One Official/Administrative Assistant
-One Official to be nominated by the team leader, who has good knowledge of GP/Block boundaries
Post Delimitation :
The number of GPs will be 2193 [Earlier : 2197]
The number of Anchalik Panchayats [Development Blocks] will be 219 [General Areas-181 and 6th Scheduled Areas- 38]
The number of Zila Parishad Constituencies will be 397 [In view of provisions provided under Section 65(1) of the Assam Panchayat Act, 1994] [Earlier-420]