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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 22 ส.ค. 2024
- Unlike other natural disasters, earthquakes are almost impossible to predict. For this reason, earthquake-proofing buildings is now necessary for all modern construction-luckily, engineers have come up with some amazing ways to protect our buildings and their inhabitants from when the next one might strike. Learn all about them with Olivia Gordon in this new episode of SciShow!
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The most brilliant people use Android
You’re the first that introduced me to Brilliant and now I have a 49 day streak, and an annual premium subscription. Thank you.
Brilliant is great, however. I don't have enough money to buy a subscription. Oh, well.
I miss Olivia
.
A few summers ago, I went to Taiwan to visit family. My first thought when I saw Taipei 101:
It looks like the architects and structural engineers all got take-out chinese when they were in the drafting phase.
Well, the design of the Taipei 101 is inspired by bamboo culm (or, its stem) segments. The serrated edges on said segments combined with the mass damper also reduce the effect of wind on the building (especially violent winds from typhoons)
On a sidenote, I don't think Chinese takeout ("Westernized" versions at the least) exists in Taiwan (As a Taiwanese I don't recall) XD
*They went out for Boba
Taiwan is china
@@RayQiaoTW there is no peoples republic of china only one china ;v
@@cristianvillanueva8782 many taiwanese, hongkongers and macanese would like to be differentiated from mainland chinese thank you very much
Umph is now my favorite word
*Skeleten exists
you: UMPH!
I love it
Tuned Mass Dampers #17
Ooof
ഊമ്പ്
The designer of Taipei 101 has got some pretty big ball to put such a tall building in an earthquake-prone country.
Badumm TSS xP
masterimbecile Stupid!
@@jjjohnson8623 But masterfully so
@@Gnurklesquimp One might even say... imbecilic
But have you ever seen him swing it ???
Undamaged building:
Earthquake: Rumble, rumble, rumble...
Damaged building: LOL you crack me up!
Earthquake: *twerks*
Damaged building: ROFLMAO
(rolling on floor laughing my architecture off)
Cringe
@@tiffyw92 when you've got it flaunt it. :)
I'm here because of the news of Turkey
You guys spelled TAIPEI wrong (1:08). Just so you know.
I was inside Taipei 101 for a video I did. While I was in Taiwan I felt an earthquake for the first time. It was scary but taiwan is one of my favorite places to go. So much food and very friendly people.
At 5:41 the bridge shown, Queensboro Bridge, is not a suspension bridge.
It’s a cantilever truss structure.
Nerd!
@@MikkaPower 🤣🤣
"many huge skyscrapers utilize massive swinging balls"
Me too tbh
Living in Japan, we were concerned with how strong an earthquake our future home would be able to withstand. We settled on a house that had the highest rating when it comes to earthquake security (?). It is build simply and mostly made of wood. I don’t know the secret but it has to have something to do with the building materials. I really hope there will be a discovery that can protect everyone in the future. Earthquakes are scary.
We got hit by a 6.9 quake here and half of the city was in a really horrible shape..
Quakes are VERY real and scary. We had more than 10 in the last 15 years. Nothing to joke about for sure
My area only suffered aftershocks but my building still has a fault that splits it
I'm surprised you guys didn't mention something about the bridge that uses giant shocks with locking collars designed with prescribed failure to prevent sway until they're needed to stop damage from an earthquake.
Yummy . I'm looking that up !
@@IETCHX69 Glad I could help inspire curiosity.
A name would be nice...
@@brunoratto253 I don't think this is the bridge mentioned in the show I had first seen this idea used on, as those were actually ON the viscus dampers, but the Rion-Antirion bridge uses a similar system of viscus dampers paired with a "fuse restraint" that works in much the same way. Here's a pdf describing the bridge and the system as designed.
www.gefyra.gr/images/user/Publications/fip_rion2.pdf
It took a bit of google sleuthing to find that, but you should be able to use that as a starting point to find other bridges/buildings using the system for earthquake protection now that you know what to search for.
@@hellcat1988 Thanks!
As much as I HATE earthquakes, and living in Alaska, technology has advance a lot since the '64 earthquake (wasn't there for that). The Nov 30 earthquake, for sure thought my building was going to collapse. Then again, we're built for this and went back to normal after a day.
P.S. Love Olivia.
Oh god this is bringing me flashbacks of mechanical control systems class...
I remember watching a documentary in Italy around 1990/91 about Skyscraper's erthquake resistant build technologies around the world, and more specifically the Twin towers project and how they messed up with the building's frame/struture's antiseismic spring system and shock absorbing technology ...and that they were eventually going to have to be demolished and rebuilt at some point in the near future ...TRUE STORY...
That documentary does not exist anymore.....
....wiped off the records.
6:10 "if you download Brilliant's iOS app..." *shows an android phone
They accidentally their Iphone.
It's a generic non brand specific phone, its neither Android nor Apple...
@@zebedeesummers4413 but it definitely not running ios
@@pierreuntel1970 yeah, just like literally anything that isn't Apple. My point was the image is quite likely deliberately not branded.
Copyrights i imagine
I see Taipei 101 ... I click!
None of the Indian Ocean countries expected a tsunami in 2004 since none has ever happened that was that bad. That caught them off guard. Now they need to be prepared for future Indian Ocean quakes that could potentially cause tsunamis
Not an expert, but I was under the impression that the area was in desperate need of both a better earthquake warning system AND a tsunami warning system that would employ buoys, and efforts had begun to address this. Even when the water level dropped dramatically hours before the tsunami hit, people were just walking around on the beach, oblivious. There's many videos on TH-cam showing this, (tourists had filmed using their cell phones).
Tuned Mass Dampers seem like something that could be re-engineered into a banging club drop.
A couple new systems you missed that are very cool are the post-tensioned rocking shear walls that are purposefully designed to rock, but not fall, and the joints of the rocking would be specially designed to not have significant damage post-earthquake, and some quickly-replaceable systems, like steel-sheet shear walls and some pre-manufactured products.
How do they determine a buildings frequencies? Especially if it's an older building.
Math. Or dark magic.
They just ask Kenneth.
Take a course called Structural Dynamics. The size/stiffness of all of the load resisting elements in a building can be translated into a stiffness/frequency for the structure in a given direction of movement.
It can be mathematically predicted. They can probably also measure the frequency the building moves at various wind speeds etc.
RainyDayLady Ask Nicola Tesla . winkwink
I clicked because I saw Taipei 101. Go Taipei!
TAIWAN NUMBA ONE!!!!!111!!!
@@SilverMoon925 yes!!! #taiwanpride
Now THIS is a quality sci-show. None of that first grade topics.
So basically they need to build a bunch of giant shake weights to bury under the painted ladies before the big one hits San Fran.
Wouldn't the lead contaminate the ground water?
What's the upper size limit on the "invisibility cloaks"? How big of an area could they cover? Would it be possible to just create a massive one that protects the whole city, rather than just that one building?
I am with you. How about putting them in the ground at different strategic spots around california and also around cities that way we get double the protection
Istanbul would definitely need one if they exist.
You’re awesome Olivia!!!
yer creepy ,...Creepy .
In Japan they are making buildings that “float” so the the liquefaction of the ground during an earthquake has no effect. The same technique was used on a medical building in Astoria, Oregon
Very cool, do you know how they get them to float?
Thank you, I'm doing a year 9 science assignment, and this is exactly what I needed! Cheers!
Nature to engineers and vice-versa: "Our battle shall be legendary"
The Taipei 101 is truly a marvel of engineering.
The problem is not how to resist an earthquake, the problem is how much money do we have to build X structure.
Most earthquakes in Taiwan don't shake from side to side, they move up and down making them the more dangerous than the side to side ones.
Where do you get the impression of your first sentence? That's simply not the case...
@@webtere in live in Taiwan and we did a study on earthquake movements and earthquake mechanism. If you live in Taiwan, you can see the scares of the aftermath, some cracks in the landscapes are dislocated vertically. We experience quakes that goes up and down and then seconds later side to side.
You can look up the types of earthquakes. Also look up earthquakes in Taiwan, we have earthquakes every day, most are not strong enough to feel it.
@@KVuong-rv2hs I have been living in Taiwan my whole life and the side to side shake is usually the most noticeable part of a quake. Yes the vertical jump is what hits the hardest but horizontal one is what lasts longer.
@@webtere I don't totally disagree with you, the most dangerous ones are the ones that starts with vertical and few seconds later horizontal. It happens usually together making is most dangerous. Quakes in Taiwan don't go side to side only when talking about dangerous quakes, that is what I was trying to point out. The light magnitudes either side to side or up and down are harmless, we won't feel them. Counting from all quakes that happens every day in Taiwan, up and down beats the side to side.
@@webtere Since you agree that devastating impacts are vertical ones involved, that video only talks about side to side, you understand my point?
We are studying and updating their mechanism in order to safe life. I am involved with Taiwan government construction administration. I am not Taiwanese, but collecting data in Taiwan and East Asia. The damper in Taipei 101 does not only work well on side to side, but also up and down. People from non earthquakes area are misled that quakes only happens side to side, while the most dangerous ones start with vertical and end with horizontal.
mechanical engineer here. this video takes me back to vibrations class. when she said "frequencies the building is most vulnerable too" my mind immediately jumped to resonant frequencies
Wood was or is also making a comeback because of that, right? They figured out a way to make wood waaaay more resistant to fires, and then you get the benefit of it being flexible enough to resist earthquakes. Or so I heard.
It's also interesting to look into japanese architecture... I was watching a doc about the reform they did on Tokyo Station. The entire thing was lifted to sit on top of a moving platform of sorts. The scale is baffling.
Living in San Francisco, watching nervously
I thumb up just because the thumbnail literally shows my apartment as a quarter of a pixel.
My workplace too haha
Mike: "I'm on a magazine!"
Just look at how the ancient Chinese built the Forbidden City. PBS posted a video about it recently, specifically looking at how it survives earthquakes.
And the design of those buildings are essentially perfect for earthquake prone areas.
1:18 AS BAYRAKLARI AS AS AS
As a chilean, I hope some day earthquakes can be predicted u.u
Check out Quakewatch.net
The closed captions say Brilliant.COM/SciShow instead of ORG :P
I like this method. If you can't predict the weather, make the weather cause less damage to infrastructure.
I don't live in a EQ-prone area, but Portugal has history of taking some big EQs, we even came up with the earliest modern-world EQ-proofing methods, nowadays we arent giving a s*it about it and a big one is probably gonna wreck Lisbon and the Southern part of the country someday.
Just make buildings float. Problem solved
Tsunami
Lmao just tape the tectonic plates together
'Massive swinging balls' lmao.
Interesting know you can probably combine a lot of these Technologies as the years go by. You could have a counterbalance weight and a shield and a visibility cloak just as examples. Depending on how prone areas earthquakes it might be worth it investment wise to layer protections
Damn, your hair is on point today!!
Still don't want to be inside Taipei 101 when an earthquake hits. I was only on the 4th floor last time and it felt like the building was going to snap in half
Tectonic plates: *_am I a joke to you?_*
Everybody just ignoring the easy solution...make your buildings fly. It's 2019 for Pete's sake!
2020 now
*"Umph"*
Nice documented video. The real drama is actually at the residential level. Middle East, Asia, there are thousands of large cities and rural districts build on top of known earthquake risk zones. Poorer populations have been building their homes with low quality materials, with no seismic criteria, in countries where governments don't enforce construction norms. Millions of people live in such constructions. China, Japan, Nepal, Turkey, when earthquakes hit, the human drama is touching. Even in Japan, thought to be the safest place, in many large cities thousands of people live in poorly constructed houses (see Kobe earthquake). The drama is really touching, Kobe not only has been razed, the houses also caught in fire from ruptured gas lines. I hope something will be done with houses in poorer countries, perhaps there can be developed homes from prefabricated components respecting earthquake norms, made of materials other than brick and concrete. Some lighter and stronger constructions. We need to innovate because the need is important and earthquakes can decimate large areas.
0:52 Oh no. This chat is gonna be awful...
I'm disappointed no one said anything about it lol
I did my part though
This video is really informative in a fun way keep up the good work
Can you put those “invisibility rings” around a downtown instead of just one building?
Probably not. The rings are designed to absorb which frequencies would be most important to that specific building. Covering all of them for every big building sounds like a challenge.
Well maybe not every building, but I would guess there are still a lot of buildings that would share frequencies... Maybe it would be worth doing it for 10 frequencies, or maybe only 1 but it would probably not be not worth it for any.
@@Wemdiculous, I honestly have no idea how specific the frequencies are.
aren't the frequencies a property of the building materials used?
04:20 How to stop excessive vibrations: A series of plastic rings, and a couple of moon gels on the beater head
Groundbreaking stuff
Türkiye'den izleyen var mı?
0:53
That's what I use as counterbalance when walking, especially when going commando.
Olivia is my favourite host
The Plejaren on planet Erra build houses that are semi-spherical or spherical in shape. (they sustain tornadoes and hurricanes much better) Building materials largely consist of a resistant metal alloy or synthetic material that is primarily from sand, similar to silicon. Each home has it's own water and energy supply. Not a single smoke stack pollutes the atmosphere on Erra! (they use geothermal energy). Houses and buildings are not constructed from small pieces, that is, made from stone or cement blocks and so forth. They are made as single units from synthetic materials. There is not one seam anywhere. Furthermore, they are constructed on systems of springs or as floating bodies. Multi-story, helicoidal buildings exist but no sky scrapers.
My dyslexic brain heard it as Architextures lol
That aside this is pretty cool actually
I'm surprised the tree resonators/reflectors (can't remember proper term) didn't come up. About a year ago a study into placing trees of increasing lengths near a building was shown to act like a reflector for surface waves. Perhaps no more has been heard :P.
live.iop-pp01.agh.sleek.net/2018/01/25/how-forests-could-limit-quake-damage-to-buildings/
I'm sorry but I totally had to pause the video at "massive swinging balls" Phrasing! 😂🤣😅
To save the building is shock absorbing and balance conserving but to save the city a floating foundation that can be anchor by steel wire ir hydraulic column to act like damping absorb all seismic wave to prevent from resonance and a large building if float up we can counter earth rotation speed and acceleration normal speed is 10 km per hour
Build them on Mars
There they'd be EARTHquake proof
Earth is not throwing earthquake at us !
Olivia saying "giant swinging balls" made me burst out laughing.
Just build out of bedrock
Top 10 smartest anime characters
the mass dump creates a Big dense to a building,meaning it stays still because it weights large,like a dumbell when you shake it it stays still its because of density
If only Vibranium was real. ❤
Ikr
Well, all of that is great for horizontal shaking, but in the Christchurch EQ, we had vertical shaking which meant the ground fell out from under the buildings at more than 2 x the speed of gravity. Hopefully they're working on that, too.
I resisted saying this because overall the video is great. But in reality, Structural engineers provide tuned mass dampers to reduce the wind-induced accelerations in buildings for occupant comforts and not for seismic protections.
I design high rise buildings in earthquake-prone regions like the US west coast and in no tall building, you will see tuned mass dampers as a seimsic solution. Because buildings respond at different frequencies while tuned mass damper can help a building at one particular frequency, it becomes useless in earthquakes as the response of a building is more often at high frequencies rather than primary frequency that the TMD was tuned to. A much more efficient solution is using viscous dampers.
Even in TAIPEI 101, the dampers excitation during an earthquake was inconsistent again because of the high-frequency nature of the ground motions. The engineers themselves would not have counted the damper as the source of energy dissipation in seismic excitation.
"Harry's invisibility cloak was significantly less useful than he thought when he realized it only made him invisible to earthquakes."
What
Out of nervousness i came here...hit by 16 earthquakes in just 2 months here in Delhi, India!☠
The best solution is floating cities/buildings. Get on it scientists.
Do a similar video on flood protection please!!
Yaaaaay Taiwan!
No matter how EQ proof you make a building Mother Nature will make a bigger EQ. All you can do is make EQ resillient buildings, buildings more likely to survive and keep its inhabitants alive.
The earth is *quaking*
3:08 they're literally just standard 3D printing architectures lmfao
I assume that there's more to it than that. They don't just give out doctorates willy nilly.
Just live in outerspace so the earthquakes don't hit you... actually stay up there for all natural disasters
Gravity quakes are a thing
@@ConstantChaos1
You are also vulnerable to radiations, rubble going at insane speed, low G effect on the body etc...
@@bobbobber4810 oh yeah it's a mess but I was just saying if the surface of a neutron star cracks you'll still feel the effects of a earthquake
What about combo hurricane, volcano and earthquake proof?
The Future of Earthquake-Proof Buildings: Cloud city
Sheldon come get your girl
Who else first found out about Teipei 101 from the 5th Artemis Fowl book? :)
Those books are great.
Tanjore Big temple in South India,,, made by Interlocking rocks and a huge weight on the top with no strong foundation,,, withstanding for 1000+ years!!!
They just need to start building buildings out of Jell-O. Problem solved!
Excellent update on earthquake technology! Thanks, SciShow! (Not a "science" topic is the socioeconomic factors of architecture, where cost is a factor in how well buildings themselves are constructed to limit damage and mortality during an earthquake,...but that's a whole other discussion.) Thanks again for this presentation!
I wouldn’t make a tall building. I would make a big square shape building with low height so it wont fall. I would also use strong support beams.
Experts in San Francisco have determined the best way keep a house safe from earthquakes is to build it in Ohio.
fabulous, i like your style of explaining
Homework clip…
The pyramids(4500 years ago) were designed to withstand earthquakes...
But four sides is not the most structurally sound shape...
A hemisphere like the Skellig Michael (1500 years ago) monastery is actually the right way to do it...
The more sides of a hemisphere the more structurally sound it is...
If it actually has to touch the ground...
But technically any shape is fine if it doesn't... Think magnetic levitation...
Maybe in the futures not just but them in buildings but all around till we be safe from earthquakes even if we playing ball at the park
none of this will
make an building earthquake proof if the ground splits/opens under the building, for that you'd need to levitate the building, which would also stop it from shaking, it would be all you'd need.
Watching this for homework lol 😆
viscous dampers
@SciShow - any chance you can re-upload this video without commenting so that we ca use it as a resource of kids? I can't do this just now with all the "ball" comments :) Thank you!!