Pterosaurs!: Evolution of Flight in Reptiles
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 10 ธ.ค. 2020
- Part 2 of my video about airborne reptiles, this time all about what else but Pterosaurs.
Wikipedia Articles for the animals if you want to learn more about them:
Pterosaurs (general): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterosaur
RHAMPHORHYNCHUS: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhampho...
DIMETRODON: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimorph...
Anurognathids: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anurogn...
Pterodactyloids: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteroda...
Ornithocheiramorpha: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornitho...
Dsungaripteriae: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dsungar...
Tapejaridae:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapejar...
LEPTOSTOMIA: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptost...
PTERODAUSTRO: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteroda...
NYCTOSAURUS: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyctosa...
TUPUXUARA: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupuxuara
PTERANODON: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteranodon
Azhdarchids: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azhdarc...
QUETZALCOATLUS: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzal...
HATZEGOPTERYX: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatzego...
ARAMBOURGIANIA: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arambou...
Mario Lanzas on Deviantart: www.deviantart.com/mariolanzas
Abiogenisis on Deviantart: www.deviantart.com/abiogenisis
(Non royalty free) Videos used:
Note: All videos should presumably fall under fair use, as not only is a small fraction of the video used, but my video and the means I use these videos falls under education.
Catapult video: • The Human Catapult Pro...
(Note, the Rhamphorhynchus video, and the image at the end of the video are both from Walking with Dinosaurs, owned by the BBC).
Sources Used:
pterosaur.net/origins.php
dinodata.de/dinothek/pdf_t/20...
www.msn.com/en-us/news/techno...
arstechnica.com/science/2016/...
www.cell.com/current-biology/...
www.lunduniversity.lu.se/lup/...
theconversation.com/pterosaur....
www.nationalgeographic.com/sc...
markwitton-com.blogspot.com/20...
I think you missed a trick when describing the quadrapetal launch. Pterosaurs have a huge advantage over birds here. As they can reuse their strongest muscles - their flight muscles - to jump off the ground. Birds have to do this with their legs. This means having to carry big, heavy leg muscles around which are no good for flying. So birds are compromised by their "design" whereas Pterosaurs are not, and so were able to grow much bigger than birds ever have...
Well put
😅😊😊😊
If they had huge advantages over birds, they would have out competed them. Pterosuars would dominate the skies if they out competed the birds, but.... they don't. They went extint. Because birds out competed them.... meaning birds must have had the advantages.
Did you not watch the show? They couldn't fly as far or as fast as birds. Legs muscles don't seem to be slowing them down any..
@@SeanMahoneyfitnessandart I was only talking within the context of the quadrupedal launch. Clearly, birds were better equipped to survive the K/T event - whatever that means - although it is interesting to speculate as to whether pterosaurs would still be with us alongside birds if it had not happened. I like to think that birds would have taken the smaller (in terms of body size) niches, leaving the larger ones to perhaps the Azhdarchids for reasons given above…
@@julesgosnell9791 ok fair. Perhaps.
"These could be used to filter feed like a baleen whale."
*Imagine Pterodaustro evolving into a baleen whale bodyplan*
That would be really cool.
Re: Pterosaurs vs. birds, do note that small birds and small pterosaurs coexisted for tens of millions of years during the Early Cretaceous without the former outcompeting the latter; it’s only in the Late Cretaceous we see a decline in small pterosaurs (and even then, fossilization bias may be in play).
The lack of smaller pterosaurs could also be due to the larger species taking those niches in their younger years
@@draconismaximus4102 This as well. Juvenile pterosaurs often had different niches as the adults (though the extent of this varied)
@@draconismaximus4102 Very good point
pterosaurs should be reclassified as birds since birds had the same membranes pterosaurs had but smaller
plus pterosaurs have beaks and some form of feather
@@scottthesmartape9151 No they shouldn't. Birds are Dinosaurs while Pterosaurs aren't.
I don’t think I have ever heard him ask for us to subscribe, this man is genuine in wanting to spread knowledge.
To be fair, if you want to spread your knowledge further, having more subs gains favor in the algorithm.
You're just him on an alt
@@Bassmasterwitacaster facts
Well I'm sure we've all been reminded by @Ben G Thomas to subscribe to anyone "if we think they deserve it" 😉
@@MrGuyTH-cam HA HA!
So, there isn't a hard consensus on why pterosaurs had such elaborate crests, but the theory that sounds most reasonable to me is that the crests replaced their tails. Older fliers had tails with little stabilizing fins which improved their flying ability. Pterosaurs get their crests around the same time they lose their tails, so the idea is these huge sail like crests served to help them steer while flying. Without the crests, pterosaurs bodies aren't exactly the most useful shape to dominate the skies, looking more like bats with much less flexible wings. But the crest ads a rudder that gives them much more control in the air.
The crests also double as a mating signal!
@@Jormyyy and possibly as a colorful warning display? or method of regulating heat?
The crests were likely a sexual display structure. Various tests have been run on Pteranodon and other Pterodactyloids' heads in a wind tunnels and the results have suggested that it doesn't have a bearing on flight. Additionally for many of the Pterosaurs that we have a growth series for(members of different ages), full crests only show up at what appears to be sexual maturity in some but not all Pterosaurs.
Sexual selection is a huge pressure on things like giant crests to evolve as we see with similar gradiose on Peacock feathers and elaborate antlers. While nobody is ruling out the possibility that they could be used for something else(structures can often be multipurpose or serve other purposes later), the evidence points strongly to sexual selection being the primary driver behind Pterosaur crests.
Very well put together! a very distinctive design too
How nice to see you
Wonder why this comment hasn’t blown up yet.
It's interesting that of all the flying and gliding vertabrates, only one has ever evolved that used integument, rather than a patagium or simply a convex torso, as the aerodynamic structure. The birds seem to be unique among flyers for their feathered flight.
I mean, *technically* skin is integument but I get what you mean
The earliest birds are known from the late Jurassic, not the early Cretaceous.
this also coinsides with Pterosaurs becoming bigger as well
Just binge watched all your videos and i must say i absolutley love this channel. Extremley well pu together and quality content here.
Now, the pterosaurs have surrendered the skies to the birds...
great clip well done !!
As a crotchety old man im having trouble getting used to feathered dinos
Came from Mario Lanzas,
Stayed for Sweet Paleontology Content.
TH-cam made the correlation between him and Mario Mario, so Mark Rober’s Ted talk about “the Super Mario Effect” is next
Man could you imagine if we still had pterosaurs flying around today. Grant it they would be smaller species most likely but it would be fascinating either way.
You spiked in subs in the last week truly a admiral accomplishment
Yes, just like a naval officer.
This made me shed a few tears by the end. 😢 Thank you for making such powerfully informative content. 👍🏼
I think it's pretty neat that two out of four groups of animals to evolve powered flight were arcosaurs
all hail our reptile overlords
archosaurs, not arcosaurs
@Dr. Ian Plect I don't know why I keep doing that, it just looks better as arcosaurs
Really like what you’re doing, keep making these please.
I feel like the ridges on the upper and lower mandibles of the fish-eating pterosaurs may have been for efficiently slicing through water, making it easier to grasp prey, since there would be less drag on the jaws from the water that way.
Great work. I’m sticking around till your at a mill subs my guy
Then leaving?
another good vid, thanks!
Thank you. I feel like i am in a really cool class at an on-line school. I just subscribed, Somehow I started with you latest video (utube algo) but then I had an epiphany, click name of channel and start from the beginning. did i mention i am dam near computer illiterate? looking forward to many more years of this cool channels excellent source of knowledge/entertainment. (same diff to me). Thank you.
''can you say potageum, children?
I knew you could!'' Mister Rodgers
😄
your gonna be huge some day so im glad to be here this early
Very happy to have discovered this channel. I've been watching all day and I've learned a lot! Thanks.
Ur channel is boutta blow up
Good vid man
I appreciate your channel. Came about it a few days ago. What I'm about to say might be an insult or whatever, it truly isn't; but I have a feeling that you are part of a wealthy family. You just strike me that way.
The bit about Titanopteryx being a fly really cracked me up for some reason
We gotta bring these fellas back
7:44 I finally know the identity of my sleep paralysis demon
He is cute
@@thegameranch5935 yes
A vertical crest on a flying animal is a vertical stabilizer or rudder.
Also birds are reptiles. The difference is that Pterosaurs aren't Dinosaurs and birds are 🐦
Quetzals are my favorite flying “Dino”
Domeykodactylus is the swankiest prehistoric animal I’ve ever seen
what's the music used in this video? I like that flute piece
I came here looking for an answer lol. i've heard it before damn
Does anyone know the name of the music in the bavkground
What's the song in the background?
Gah it would have been so cool to see one of these is in real life.
What is the background music?
The bgm here is ringing major bells I will need to know the source bro
Could be that small birds were better at catching insects than small pterosaurs which is why they didn't survive. That or they were super allergic to all the fungi in the aftermath of the extinction
Dang, the fly got a cooler name.
The music was so creepy on this one
I mean at least they survived around a million years more than most dinosaurs
Ah yes when dragons just existed. Also I feel pterosaurs may have evolved from the reptile equivalent of fly squirrels. With a gliding membrane attached to the limbs and tail eventually evolving into separate petagiums. This would explain their quadrupedal take-off style. As they would have pushed off with all of their limbs and then stretcher out the forelimbs mainly. Kinda like bats
We actually still have flying reptiles, called birds. But that assumes that the crocodilians, whose closest living relatives are birds, should be considered reptiles.
I'm sorry, but I'm going to need to pet that cat-sized cretaceous pterosaur.
Cool
I appreciate the light humor. You've earned a subscriber, but please don't get too carried away with the funny making.
Shut up party pooper. To hell with the knowledge, we want the funny laughs.
These things are basically dragons…
Pterosaurs are scary I didn’t think about the catapult launch that would be scary coming at you
age of flying reptiles is certainly not over
Why?
@@yoyo777 birds
I recognize the stock music lol
@Petramite_46 I think it was a mustard video, but don't quote me
birds next?
song?
A flying giraffe?! 😂 wow!
Imagine seeing a giraffe take off in flight
Pterosaur- I hate these pesky birds…Now I know how you guys hate those tiny mammals. Triceratops- Yeah your right about that. But I’m sure they’ll go extinct eventually. Hey look a shooting star! Pterosaur- Is it just me or is that thing getting closer to us?…
Vampire bats take off in a very similar way
You should make a Discord server
I didn't know what that was called. Lol
🖤🖤🖤
Can you make a video on early birds? Cretaceous-era birds or something like that. There's always discussion on dino to bird evolution, but nothing on early birds.
The age of those flying reptiles is over. Birds are technically reptiles.
So are we by that standart
@@yoyo777 not really. Mammals didn’t evolve from reptiles, we shared a common ancestor with em
but where did the birds come from again
Dinosaur (not pterosaurs
Were there more birdlike animals in the past? More large buggies and thus more birds? Can anyone answer what the bulk of animalia looked like in the past?
Preservation bias kinda severely interferes with that tho
also when in the past
10:08 You're a massive albatross.
wait birds are flying reptiles to
I LOVE PTEROSAURS.!
Same
11:03 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
They weren't weird at all. Humans these days just think anything alien to them is freaky somehow, but it's normal.
Remember me when you get to 1000
So ur probably gonna remember me soon
anyone else thought their name was terrorsaurs
First time on your channel. Surrounding your illustrations with "newspaper" makes them difficult to see for people with eye problems
Can you explane more
ell'eah
Stiff neck? Really?
Who would win:
Flying furosiuoes reptile
Vs
Feather flying boi
young earth creationism from buddhists: the no-self doctrine was developed by Buddha through knocking on pterosaurs, realizing they are hollow
4:40 - BWAH? ... _HA!_
The plural for Genus is Genera NOT Genre.
make a video about shoes
newspapers. interesting decision.
That furry dimorphodon was weird. Yea we think dinosaurs could possibly have had hair or fur or whatever BUT pterosaurs aren't dinosaurs. So yea, whoever rendered that probably didn't know that. Or maybe I'm totally wrong and they think pterosaurs may have also been furry.
I think they’re supposed to be pycnofibers
Pterosaurus have fur like structures.
Pterosaurs definitely had psuedofeathers and pycnofibres on their wings. Some of it is even fossilised
i feel we should just say "quetzalcoatl" and not tack on the "us" because that would only make sense if you mispronounce "quetzalcoatl", i think we should have respect to its origin language, same with axolotl because they are legit the exact same in nahuatl.
We shouldn't. That's not how animals are named. They are given a Latin or Greek suffix no matter what language they're named after
@@justinbeath5169 so.
@@rbynam9055 there's an already established naming standard. Calling it Quetzalcoatl breaks it. Scientific name are based on Greek or Latin prefixes or suffixes
@@justinbeath5169 ik but they can cope.
@@rbynam9055 or you can since your the one who wants to completely throw out how things are named for no good reason
🦍
🦧
One more like to 1k..
You need to stop using the newspaper bg mate.
It interferes with the nice illustrations, making them look crappy
Are Pterosaurs reptiles??
I don't think so.
Pterosaurs were warm blooded -- Reptiles are cold blooded, by definition.
Pterosaurs are as far away from lizards as birds are, genetically speaking.
Pterosaurs deserve to be in their own class, like mammals, birds, and reptiles.
If you disagree, please explain why this is wrong.
Never thought about this.
There is no rule in science that says all reptiles are cold blooded. That is just an outdated unscientific definition for reptiles because both warm blooded and cold blooded animals can be from the same lineage.
A reptile is any Sauropsid animal (or in other words, any Aminote that's more closely related to Lizards than to Humans) en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauropsida
Dinosaurs, pterosaurs, birds (who are modern dinosaurs), icthoysaurs and all modern reptiles are reptiles according to modern science. Animals are defined by their lineage, not their traits.
@@m1a1charb26 He's wrong
@@lukejones7164 Thank you.
There are some outdated scientific ideas
reptiles can be warm blooded and cold blooded they even can be mesotherms, reptiles are not just lizards, reptiles are a diverse group that has lizards, snakes, tuataras, turtles and archosaurs, birds are not there own class they are still reptiles.