You might not remember but like ages ago you went to willow park school for science week and told the kids about what you do and world-building I was one of those kids and I have been watching you since thank you for making me love world building
I think most people create aglutinative languages as their morphology is easy to make and they give an exotic sense as most languages your audience know are analytic (English) or flexive (most European languages). Also, most people are afraid of the complexity of flexive languages. However, I would like to tell you all that analytic languages can also be exotic if you think out of the box. Thinking that the only way to be analytic is being English is a mistake. All the simplicity of their morphology can be compensated with all the crazy things you can do with syntax.
I agree with you completely. For me, going through the Conlang Subreddit and seeing everyone's latest version of agglutination van get boring. The lack of tonal and isolating languages is astounding
Artifexian You’re welcome. I don’t know if you’ve noticed, but I’ve said this on all of your recent videos. I think you’ve always responded. Anyway, I have a question: I’m on mobile and I’d really like to use your spreadsheets, but they don’t seem to be usable. Maybe I’m doing something wrong, do you have any tips?
Depressive Rat, Chucky Cheese’s Unwanted Cousin They were referring to my profile picture. Both of our political compass designations put us in the libertarian half of the compass. Too bad this profile picture hasn’t been updated in two years, and I’m actually an authleft.
Really looking forward to that video on that "coming soon" stuff. I've been working around with plate tectonics, ocean and wind currents, etc. Ultimately I determined that I need to finish a complete world map and do the tectonics first, then add the wind and ocean currents accordingly. The challenge I'm running into is finding a map projection that's reasonably easy to add to when I need to but has accurate distances / sizes / etc. for it's projection. Just putting normally-shaped continents and landmasses on a rectangle map without accounting for shorter latitudes closer to the poles can lead to problems later on when you try to put it all onto a sphere and realize you either have to warp and stretch out some of your land or really shrink the amount of ocean between them.
I love the worldbuilding series you do. I've not been able to wrap my head around conlanging enough to get the use I'd like from it, but the help you've given me with worldbuilding in particular has made writing a lot easier to flesh out and more fun
It does sound like hard work to compute. I like the idea of including temperature because from the perspective of creating culture the temperature has an enormous effect. Everything from the existence of siestas to conception of 'heaven' can be dramatically affected.
Awesome - as always. I can't wait for the Plate Tectonics, weather & climate and biome stuff. That is exactly where I'm at in (remaking) my fantasy world and your videos are the best at breaking down complex stuff into manageable chunks.
Another reason to avoid changing the green house number is because if you change it too much it would necessitate different biology due to the difference in atmosphere. Maybe you want to explore that, but if you're just populating the place with pseudo-humans you'll have an easier time keeping the story grounded.
I really want to make a video on atmospheres but I'm finding it hard to approach the subject as it's such a dynamic system with many many variables. Someday soon hopefully.
Hmm… I've read wikipedia page about alternative biochemistry and found quite interesting how lifeforms may actually be diverse. And our conditions may be fatal to another forms if life.
I do find your comment interesting Rei, however the most likely case of alternate biochem is mirror chirality. Chemically and mechanically same functions, just that they are mirrored. Silicone based life is probably likely as well, however I guess only in extremely low temperatures and high acidity. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothetical_types_of_biochemistry Is quite fun to speculate around, but hypotheticals are hypotheticals.
Well one way you can shift the greenhouse effect by a good few degrees without messing things up too much is to shift the atmospheric pressure a little though this gives more scope for raising the greenhouse effect than lowering it minimums only go down to around 0.5 atm or so even with acclimatisation but maximums are closer to 7 to 8 atm much above that you can start to run into issues with the O2 and N2 becoming toxic. All else being equal (like composition etc) the thicker the atmosphere the greater the greenhouse effect.
I'm currently taking a grad level introductory atmospheric physics and yeah the complexity is mind boggling given the chaotic nature and interdependence on the geology, biology, hydrosphere cryosphere(if actively relevant) photochemical reactions(something I had never even considered previously) and of course the direct and indirect output of technology. Altogether the most striking thing for me given I'm researching it for the course term paper is the role of continental arrangement in controlling energy circulation through the atmosphere. The arrangement of hothouse and ice house climates driven predominately by continental arrangement which in turn affects the atmosphere by driving weather is something I hadn't really thought about probably due to the temporal timescale we think on but once you realize that the continents control ocean and air mass circulation it makes lots of fantasy maps um... fail really badly. The summary is if you have a fantasy world with a low latitude or tropical super continent things will be unimaginably bad for life both complex or otherwise. At least in the sense of the risk for mass extinctions. Now that could lead for a really interesting fantasy world where a civilization tries to battle against a geological apocalypse but most works guilty of such alignments don't really account for the energy balance and habitability problems that come with super continents.
You could also create fictional biomes with interesting effects. Such as a massive field of extremely reflective crystals. These crystals could reflect so much light that it causes the area to cool down, causing a local winter. The resulting snow could actually be less reflective than the crystals, causing the area to warm back up and for the snow to melt. Thus you have a local cycle of seasons which is largely independent of the year. Though this type of biome would be wildly unrealistic.
I, like PUSZO, have found the Temperature Calculator unavailable for use. Though I have conducted my own searches I have found no satisfactory replacement and humbly request aid.
I am soo glad you finally learned about the fresnel effect. I felt really troubled by the two podcasts in wich you didn't know about them. But, as always, you have (eventually) done your research. Great video!
Can I just say your videos are so fricking helpful. I knew world building got this complex but I didn't know how to do it myself. Thank you sO MUch I love your videos!
Thanks for the info and the companion spreadsheet! I had always assumed my planet with 95% cloud cover would have a 90%+ albedo, interesting to see this is not necessarily the case
I put in the rough values for my planet and it spat out -7 degrees, which I was expecting to to be cold, but not by that much. Thankfully my world has a major volcano constantly spewing out ash into part of the world, and putting the greenhouse effect to 2 up from 1 got the temperature up to a more comfortable 12 degrees. Perfect.
I don't know if I'm the only one, but I use these videos on world building to make worlds for my DnD campaigns. I managed to make a viable p-type circumbinary planet with a super-continent and 40,000 ft tall mountains dividing it. You get bonus points when you can show the players your physics calculations and climate dynamics at the end and it all works out ;)
Loved the video! I'm waiting on my new computer before I start the number crunching for my world! Especially as it is a moon, in a binary orbit with another moon, around a gas giant planet in a quadruple star system!
Damn, I should have mentioned that another way of determining temperature would be through simulators like space engine or universe sandbox. Crap! Will make that follow up in the next videos end screen.
I'm considering making a written language for psychic beings who can't make audio recordings. Ergo, mass communication is done in writing using logographs that contain root words in the center, and are surrounded by many diacritics that communicate dozens of mandatory grammatical details. I kind of think of it as a cross between Chinese and Ithkuil. It isn't at the top of the list of languages that I intend on developing, though. As far as the spectrum from analytical to polysynthetic languages go, I go with whatever matches the culture that I want to develop. I have everything within that range, as well as a language with a word-root system similar to Arabic.
Wonderful video! All of this reminds me of the good old Sim Earth for Ms-DOS, a perfect tool for bad-at-math worldbuilders. You can calculate the effects of different albedos on a planet, and see how it affects the biomes. The program made creating worlds more easier and interesting. I suggest combining the program with the links from the video. It gives wonderful results (and you can see lizardmen and insect people suffer your experiments, it's totally an experience)
Worldbuilding is so complex once you get into it... and also so flexible. Somebody could devote an insane amount of time to, say, history, and never once consider common biomes or even basic mapping. It'd be hard, but is super possible.
The next version of Space Engine will have temperature calculation based on composition doing iterative calculations intil the planet reaches equilibrium, so you could plugin a custom planet/system with a few basic things defined and let it do the climate modelling.
When producing Endor, the forested moon, how do you take into account the fact that the planet it orbits would block some or all of the light from its sun?
You could also calculate Albedo over time as whatever race/empires exist on the planet evolve/advance. IE:By replacing all thick clouds with thin (keeping the coverage at 70%) possibly through some change in atmospheric composition the Albedo would drop to 29.92% resulting in an average surface temp of 25 degrees C!!! If you were to incrementally lower global cloud coverage by 1% per year from this planet then eventually the Albedo would bottom out at 20.39% or 35 degrees C. I think using this knowledge one could develop very interesting planetary backstories and cultures. Such as the above example where the planet warms up due to ever lowing cloud cover leading to all grassland, land snow + ice & forests turning to deserts and stabilising it's albedo at 23.16 (32 degrees C).
So, I know that the Fresnel Effect is not linear (I read about it and boy if it is complicated) but I made a simplification based on the ranges you stated in the video: y1 = lowest albedo value for material y2 = highest albedo value for material dx = 90 (degrees) m = (y2 - y1) / - dx n = y1 - m * dx albedo at latitude x = f(x) = m * x + n
I had adjusted the Janochia stuff. It was circling two stars in a P-type system totaling 1.3 The planet orbits it at 1.587 AU I had set the albedo value at 30. But if I kept the Greenhouse Effect was left as is... the mean temperature would be 4 degrees Celsius. I had to increase the gases to 1.6; with it, it would be 16 degrees Celsius.
Speaking of languages, per the end of this video and the last one, a fun idea I think for that transition language you mentioned would be to start with an analytic/fusional language, then start evolving words that are important to the culture first (I.e. Stuff like "amo, amare, amavi, amatus" in Latin, which was supposedly the first word all Roman children learned to conjugate fully). Or to be more general, pick a branch of the culture/civilization and evolve that, like how trading between cultures would necessarily evolve the language surrounding economics and travel. Maybe small children say things differently and that part just sort of spreads because their parents think it's hilarious and tell their friends. Stuff like that :D
That said, I just realized that any of those wouldn't necessarily result in a transition between one type of language and another on their own, but you never know.
Enlightening video as always Edgar, especially in regards to both the online calculator and the spreadsheet to find it (speaking of online calculator, still looking up commands and lessons in both html and javascript to make that one for moons and rings of planets based upon the roche limit and hill spheres, it's gonna be a while on my end unless someone knows how to do square, square roots, cube and cube roots in those programming languages). Though I can only assume that the average temperature of the world would be useful in at least getting the temperatures for the different latitudes. I don't recall where I saw/read this, but I recall a particular guide/ruleset where the temperate latitudes are of the average while the tropics are higher and the polar regions are lower. Come to think of it, it's probably Star Hero.... Also, nice to see that the upcoming video(s) will deal with how the orbital distance of a habitable planet and the luminosity of its host star would affect the terrain and biome placement of said world. Granted, it's all obviously interconnected, but it's nice to know where to go for a jumping off point for not only the rise of a sapient species, but also its languages and dialects that might be affected by it. "Making an apple pie from scratch by creating the universe" indeed! Though now that the thought had occurred, I'm assuming that besides the inevitable biochemical videos detailing the adaptation and evolution of that world's lifeforms (again, assuming native and not transplanted i.e. colonization), would there also be anthropology-centric videos to describe how to create the society and culture of our imagined worlds?
You can just Google it. Javascript should just use the Math.sqrt() function, and will presumably have other functions for cube roots (or roots of any kind). Normal squares and cubes will be as easy as multiplying a variable by itself: e.g. x^3 = x*x*x.
Interesting, though I'm trying to do the kind of calculator where, after you put in the variables in the proper fields, when you click on the button it does the whole "If true, then" kind of commands where it either states in the outcome box that either A) It does have a moon, B) It has a Ring instead, or C) No Moons or Rings. Still stuck on the fundamentals on how to get javascript to even work on HTML commands, nowhere near close to the more advanced stuff for me to even attempt what I had in mind. Still, thanks for the heads up. Now I just gotta figure out how to do the input fields and the "calculate" html button....
I managed to make a Habitable? planet with a higher gravity/atmospheric pressure (and thus a higher boiling point of water? I think?) and Venus-level albedo - because it's covered in volcanic clouds and thus is in a perpetual state of volcanic winter - a la the K-Pg atmosphere-covered-by-impact-debris thing. Which isn't very winter-like considering that the average temperature is 72 F. Low axial tilt means it stays cooler-ish, and the plants here would probably have a method other than photosynthesis to gain energy - though, in order to keep the greenhouse gasses at sufficiently Earth-like levels, they'd have to be consuming those as well. I'm thinking surface plants that work on chemosynthesis would work just fine, though I'm not sure how they'd look and I wonder if their waste products would make things even more difficult. (Though it seems like munching Methane/CO2 would likely yield oxygen as a byproduct??? I'm not a chemist nor a scientist and I'm writing fantasy, dangit!) It's a good thing that world is inhabited by literal demons because... yeah. I've purposefully designed it to be Difficult to live on and that temperature average is... uhhhhh TOASTY. Also, I did this using the astro.indiana tool, not the spreadsheet - Wode (the system primary) is an F-type star, though just barely. WEEE!! Fun.
Another excellent resource with a really handy spreadsheet tool. Thank you for posting, as always. Quick P.S. Sure you know already, but for others, the Climate Modeling feature in Universe Sandbox will allow you to get a lot of these values as well, albeit through a different process. (Was how I got all kinds of interesting data to use on my tidally locked habitable moon.)
mass should be replaced in luminosity in the spreadsheet, in case you're using real stars. (The mass-luminosity equation from the Starmaker formulas is only a rough approximation)
The value for urban might be different, if the civilazations on this planet build other types of cities. For example can the cities indistiguishable with forests, or they can be underground for a very high percentage.
When you said that the polar circle would swap with the tropics, that's incorrect. Think of it in terms of an animation of a planet with a steadily increasing tilt and the zones are shown. At the 45 degree point they aren't just going to suddenly flip, no they're going to keep going and overlap. That is entirely possible since the only defining things are: has the sun overhead once a year, and has a yearly day night cycle. these aspects aren't mutually exclusive.
Hey Artifexian! I love your videos and i have a bit of advice. This video felt a bit empty in terms of sound. Some calm or atmospheric background music and sound effects would really add to your videos! Cheers!
I hope that when you go to address biomes placement, you pay very close attention to the rules of biogeography. This is something many many MANY world mappers forget and end up with seemingly random biome placements. Assuming Earth axial tilt and rotation direction, I've seen people use simple rules of "deserts are in mountain rain shadows, higher latitudes are colder and treeless" before, and that is no where near adequate. Nor is placing deciduous forests on west sides of continents (unless you have big warm oceanic currents like the gulf stream), placing temperate rainforests anywhere except the west coasts of continents between 40 and 60 degrees latitude, and putting grasslands seemingly randomly in regions that simply wouldn't be dry enough for forests not to shade out everything. There is a reason you will never see a temperate deciduous forest directly adjacent to a desert (tropical dry forests follow different rules). Biogeography is complicated, so I hope you give it some deep level discussion.
I used the equation in the beggining for my fictional habitable planet, with an albedo of 0.36 and atmospheric optical depth of 0.76. It gave me that the average surface temp of about 26-27 celcius. After i used an online calculator with those previous variables, the average temp is 16,8 celcius. So it is just for an approximation
When will you get to the mapping out the world's plate tectonics, currents, and biome placement? I'm hoping to get this soon. Also after hearing about you mention of the conlangs and writing systems, I did some modifications on Tąrapeg. First, I established that the writing system is to go from right to left, with the lines going from top to bottom. Second, most of the vowels are not going to be written down (due to the bizarre vowel harmonization that's established). Finally, the written letters are going to be positioned in blocks; with some block types appearing only at the start of a word.
Any way to tell what the coldest and hottest regions would be based on the average ? If the overall is something like 48 C I'm wondering how to account for how far towards the poles would be habitable (liquid water) vs uninhabitable (frozen ice lands)
Oh god, deviating from a Main sequence star would introduce a massive whole lot of challenges on their own before one can even worry about the weather, methinks.
Hey man! The spreadsheets are awesome! I did, however, notice an error in the Star&Orbit tab of the Celestial Architect spreadsheet. The orbital period of your planet is not changing with the mass of your star. If the mass of our Sun increased, in order for the Earth to maintain the same orbital distance, it would have to orbit faster, which would make the year shorter.
I know you know, it was a joke haha. But it's great that your videos are always very concise and are able to explain a lot in so little time. Also, this new Artifexian era's lookin' pretty swell!
I remember that when I was 10 I wanted to create a fictional world like Westeros and I wanted everything to happen on one supermassive continent (40% of the surface) with the strongest nation in the center, and then my brother told that the center would probably be the worst desert imaginable.
the average temperature means almost nothing without the standard deviation. Because 15°C is a temperature way colder than any temperature the tropics and equator will ever see outside of supertall mountains.
Not yet, I was born, raised, and still live in it. Indiana doesn't really get get recognized/mentioned even domestically, so I get uber excited if i even hear the word "Indiana"
I cannot use that website from the 1st half of the video: when I type anything other than a whole number, it says it's not a valid number. 0.84 is not a number it says and 0,84 is not valid it says. What do I do wrong?
I had to mess with the greenhouse effects of my planet because I would have needed an albedo of 8 or lower for my planet to be a habitable temperature if i had left the greenhouse effect at 1, so I raised the greenhouse effect to 2 and left the albedo at 22 which, for my planet, gave me an average temperature of 72 degrees Fahrenheit. Totally habitable for a water-world i think.
First?
Bill McGrath
Yeah.
2nd reply.
Bill McGrath loł
I honestly have no clue
Love you're videos
You might not remember but like ages ago you went to willow park school for science week and told the kids about what you do and world-building I was one of those kids and I have been watching you since thank you for making me love world building
You went to school with a celebrity!
legend
You went to school and saw HIM???
that sounds so awesome
I don't believe you
This is precisely what I love of you. You teach science with a nerdy goal making us think something we never thought of before.
Glad to be of service.
Science is a
Clever girl...
Ja Wot Which is fine, so long as she doesn’t eat your face.
W- what?! You’ve ruined my life!I hate science!
Also that's a gorgeous spreadsheet.
Cheers man. I actually spent quite a bit of time making it look nice. Glad to see it's appreciated. :)
Artifexian, wow, while watching I assumed you simply googled the spreadsheet. pretty work :)
@@Artifexian sorry, but could I ask you something.The spread sheet does not clarify what to download it as.
I was mapping out a planet with an axial tilt of 67° a few months back. Can't wait to work on it again/completely redo with better calculations soon.
Awesome!
That gives me an idea! Thanks :)
I think most people create aglutinative languages as their morphology is easy to make and they give an exotic sense as most languages your audience know are analytic (English) or flexive (most European languages).
Also, most people are afraid of the complexity of flexive languages.
However, I would like to tell you all that analytic languages can also be exotic if you think out of the box. Thinking that the only way to be analytic is being English is a mistake. All the simplicity of their morphology can be compensated with all the crazy things you can do with syntax.
Great point!
I agree with you completely. For me, going through the Conlang Subreddit and seeing everyone's latest version of agglutination van get boring. The lack of tonal and isolating languages is astounding
I CAME AS SOON AS I HEARD
Edit: I just finished watching this video.
I think it’s one of the coolest videos you’ve ever made
Awesome! Thanks man. :)
Artifexian
You’re welcome. I don’t know if you’ve noticed, but I’ve said this on all of your recent videos. I think you’ve always responded.
Anyway, I have a question:
I’m on mobile and I’d really like to use your spreadsheets, but they don’t seem to be usable. Maybe I’m doing something wrong, do you have any tips?
Agreed! 26 degrees Celsius is a perfectly reasonable temperature for us Australians. No need to freeze the planet.
Nice, you're a libertarian
Depressive Rat, Chucky Cheese’s Unwanted Cousin
They were referring to my profile picture. Both of our political compass designations put us in the libertarian half of the compass.
Too bad this profile picture hasn’t been updated in two years, and I’m actually an authleft.
Yay for more worldbuilding!
Also this reminds me of that one nigahiga episode where he measures the time with temperature.
Time with temperature??
Really looking forward to that video on that "coming soon" stuff. I've been working around with plate tectonics, ocean and wind currents, etc. Ultimately I determined that I need to finish a complete world map and do the tectonics first, then add the wind and ocean currents accordingly. The challenge I'm running into is finding a map projection that's reasonably easy to add to when I need to but has accurate distances / sizes / etc. for it's projection. Just putting normally-shaped continents and landmasses on a rectangle map without accounting for shorter latitudes closer to the poles can lead to problems later on when you try to put it all onto a sphere and realize you either have to warp and stretch out some of your land or really shrink the amount of ocean between them.
Your videos are cocaine to my little nerd heart. I'm ready for plate tectonics because its the one I know the least.
That makes two. Gonna need to put in some hard core research for that one.
I love the worldbuilding series you do. I've not been able to wrap my head around conlanging enough to get the use I'd like from it, but the help you've given me with worldbuilding in particular has made writing a lot easier to flesh out and more fun
It does sound like hard work to compute. I like the idea of including temperature because from the perspective of creating culture the temperature has an enormous effect. Everything from the existence of siestas to conception of 'heaven' can be dramatically affected.
Definitely, just bare in mind that this temperature is a AVERAGE value so expect quite a lot of variation based on location.
This is the exact thing i search for when i want to create a world, but NO ONE DOES THIS STUFF! Thank you savior!!
Awesome - as always. I can't wait for the Plate Tectonics, weather & climate and biome stuff. That is exactly where I'm at in (remaking) my fantasy world and your videos are the best at breaking down complex stuff into manageable chunks.
I think I hurt myself by looking at those equations at the beginning of the video
That's why there's a spreadsheet. :)
Your spreadsheets are all so beautiful.
could you tell me how to use them?
edit: just found out, so no need to comment.
Wow. I've been waiting for this video for so long. You've no idea how much maths I went through to calculate the average temperature before this. . .
Good to see you back, man. Your videos have been beyond helpful for worldbuilding stuff.
@Alexaflohr yeah it's a really good resource
Another reason to avoid changing the green house number is because if you change it too much it would necessitate different biology due to the difference in atmosphere. Maybe you want to explore that, but if you're just populating the place with pseudo-humans you'll have an easier time keeping the story grounded.
I really want to make a video on atmospheres but I'm finding it hard to approach the subject as it's such a dynamic system with many many variables. Someday soon hopefully.
Hmm… I've read wikipedia page about alternative biochemistry and found quite interesting how lifeforms may actually be diverse. And our conditions may be fatal to another forms if life.
I do find your comment interesting Rei, however the most likely case of alternate biochem is mirror chirality.
Chemically and mechanically same functions, just that they are mirrored.
Silicone based life is probably likely as well, however I guess only in extremely low temperatures and high acidity.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothetical_types_of_biochemistry
Is quite fun to speculate around, but hypotheticals are hypotheticals.
Well one way you can shift the greenhouse effect by a good few degrees without messing things up too much is to shift the atmospheric pressure a little though this gives more scope for raising the greenhouse effect than lowering it minimums only go down to around 0.5 atm or so even with acclimatisation but maximums are closer to 7 to 8 atm much above that you can start to run into issues with the O2 and N2 becoming toxic.
All else being equal (like composition etc) the thicker the atmosphere the greater the greenhouse effect.
I'm currently taking a grad level introductory atmospheric physics and yeah the complexity is mind boggling given the chaotic nature and interdependence on the geology, biology, hydrosphere cryosphere(if actively relevant) photochemical reactions(something I had never even considered previously) and of course the direct and indirect output of technology.
Altogether the most striking thing for me given I'm researching it for the course term paper is the role of continental arrangement in controlling energy circulation through the atmosphere. The arrangement of hothouse and ice house climates driven predominately by continental arrangement which in turn affects the atmosphere by driving weather is something I hadn't really thought about probably due to the temporal timescale we think on but once you realize that the continents control ocean and air mass circulation it makes lots of fantasy maps um... fail really badly.
The summary is if you have a fantasy world with a low latitude or tropical super continent things will be unimaginably bad for life both complex or otherwise. At least in the sense of the risk for mass extinctions.
Now that could lead for a really interesting fantasy world where a civilization tries to battle against a geological apocalypse but most works guilty of such alignments don't really account for the energy balance and habitability problems that come with super continents.
You could also create fictional biomes with interesting effects. Such as a massive field of extremely reflective crystals. These crystals could reflect so much light that it causes the area to cool down, causing a local winter. The resulting snow could actually be less reflective than the crystals, causing the area to warm back up and for the snow to melt. Thus you have a local cycle of seasons which is largely independent of the year. Though this type of biome would be wildly unrealistic.
Thank you! I've been looking for a way to do this for a while now. Back to further mapping!
I, like PUSZO, have found the Temperature Calculator unavailable for use. Though I have conducted my own searches I have found no satisfactory replacement and humbly request aid.
I am soo glad you finally learned about the fresnel effect. I felt really troubled by the two podcasts in wich you didn't know about them. But, as always, you have (eventually) done your research. Great video!
Can I just say your videos are so fricking helpful. I knew world building got this complex but I didn't know how to do it myself. Thank you sO MUch I love your videos!
oh I could kiss you. I've been struggling with this exact problem for months!
Thanks for the info and the companion spreadsheet! I had always assumed my planet with 95% cloud cover would have a 90%+ albedo, interesting to see this is not necessarily the case
I put in the rough values for my planet and it spat out -7 degrees, which I was expecting to to be cold, but not by that much.
Thankfully my world has a major volcano constantly spewing out ash into part of the world, and putting the greenhouse effect to 2 up from 1 got the temperature up to a more comfortable 12 degrees. Perfect.
Can you make mapping videos on precise biomes, local temperatures, meteorology (like where are hurricanes most likely to appear)?
Yes, just bear with me.
Plate tectonics/ ocean current world building would be fantastic. Got to have those realistic mountain ranges and desert placements.
Omg I can't wait to see your next vids on physical worldbuilding and map making!
I don't know if I'm the only one, but I use these videos on world building to make worlds for my DnD campaigns. I managed to make a viable p-type circumbinary planet with a super-continent and 40,000 ft tall mountains dividing it. You get bonus points when you can show the players your physics calculations and climate dynamics at the end and it all works out ;)
Loved the video! I'm waiting on my new computer before I start the number crunching for my world! Especially as it is a moon, in a binary orbit with another moon, around a gas giant planet in a quadruple star system!
i want an update: is it a cluster fuck?
oh boy albedo my favourite
Hope you enjoyed it pal. And thanks for the video earlier. REALLY REALLY liked it.
That is an extremely useful thing to make my map I'd never taken into consideration! Thanks for making this video :D
Love the video! I'm going to try using this to figure out temperature more accurately in space engine
Damn, I should have mentioned that another way of determining temperature would be through simulators like space engine or universe sandbox. Crap! Will make that follow up in the next videos end screen.
I'm considering making a written language for psychic beings who can't make audio recordings. Ergo, mass communication is done in writing using logographs that contain root words in the center, and are surrounded by many diacritics that communicate dozens of mandatory grammatical details. I kind of think of it as a cross between Chinese and Ithkuil. It isn't at the top of the list of languages that I intend on developing, though. As far as the spectrum from analytical to polysynthetic languages go, I go with whatever matches the culture that I want to develop. I have everything within that range, as well as a language with a word-root system similar to Arabic.
Good to have you back.
I remember this from the podcast! Nice to see a video about it
Hope you enjoyed man.
Artifexian I did!
Wonderful video!
All of this reminds me of the good old Sim Earth for Ms-DOS, a perfect tool for bad-at-math worldbuilders. You can calculate the effects of different albedos on a planet, and see how it affects the biomes. The program made creating worlds more easier and interesting. I suggest combining the program with the links from the video. It gives wonderful results (and you can see lizardmen and insect people suffer your experiments, it's totally an experience)
As a Linux user, thank you so very much for providing spreadsheets downloadable as .ods files. Sadly, that sort of thing is rather rare.
Great video! Your animation is getting ever better!
Worldbuilding is so complex once you get into it... and also so flexible. Somebody could devote an insane amount of time to, say, history, and never once consider common biomes or even basic mapping. It'd be hard, but is super possible.
The next version of Space Engine will have temperature calculation based on composition doing iterative calculations intil the planet reaches equilibrium, so you could plugin a custom planet/system with a few basic things defined and let it do the climate modelling.
Thats some damn good editing mate
Cheers. :)
When producing Endor, the forested moon, how do you take into account the fact that the planet it orbits would block some or all of the light from its sun?
Ken MacMillan Longer nights?
Raise the tilt so that the planet doesn’t cover the moon
You could also calculate Albedo over time as whatever race/empires exist on the planet evolve/advance.
IE:By replacing all thick clouds with thin (keeping the coverage at 70%) possibly through some change in atmospheric composition the Albedo would drop to 29.92% resulting in an average surface temp of 25 degrees C!!! If you were to incrementally lower global cloud coverage by 1% per year from this planet then eventually the Albedo would bottom out at 20.39% or 35 degrees C.
I think using this knowledge one could develop very interesting planetary backstories and cultures.
Such as the above example where the planet warms up due to ever lowing cloud cover leading to all grassland, land snow + ice & forests turning to deserts and stabilising it's albedo at 23.16 (32 degrees C).
So, I know that the Fresnel Effect is not linear (I read about it and boy if it is complicated) but I made a simplification based on the ranges you stated in the video:
y1 = lowest albedo value for material
y2 = highest albedo value for material
dx = 90 (degrees)
m = (y2 - y1) / - dx
n = y1 - m * dx
albedo at latitude x = f(x) = m * x + n
I had adjusted the Janochia stuff.
It was circling two stars in a P-type system totaling 1.3
The planet orbits it at 1.587 AU
I had set the albedo value at 30.
But if I kept the Greenhouse Effect was left as is... the mean temperature would be 4 degrees Celsius.
I had to increase the gases to 1.6; with it, it would be 16 degrees Celsius.
do you know if there's any other temperature calculator like that out there? the indiana one shut down
if you search "planet temperature calulator" it pops up as the first link
I still like the LCARS layout of your screen :D
Oh man I can't wait to hear about steppes
Excellent video as always! Looking forward to your next ones
Cheers pal.
YEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEES.
I JUST WOKE UP AND THIS WAS HERE!!!!!!!!
SORRY FOR ALL CAPS!!!!!!!
IT'S OK! I UNDERSTAND.
Please be sure to bring up the effect of alternate axial tilts once you bring up the placement of biomes and climate zones!
Great video as always, Sir. I am actually really excited to see what you have to say in the next video :D
Speaking of languages, per the end of this video and the last one, a fun idea I think for that transition language you mentioned would be to start with an analytic/fusional language, then start evolving words that are important to the culture first (I.e. Stuff like "amo, amare, amavi, amatus" in Latin, which was supposedly the first word all Roman children learned to conjugate fully). Or to be more general, pick a branch of the culture/civilization and evolve that, like how trading between cultures would necessarily evolve the language surrounding economics and travel. Maybe small children say things differently and that part just sort of spreads because their parents think it's hilarious and tell their friends. Stuff like that :D
That said, I just realized that any of those wouldn't necessarily result in a transition between one type of language and another on their own, but you never know.
There is no way I could keep my head straight trying to do this.
Useful video as usual.
Thanks, Artifexian!
What about two individual stars? How would that affect the temperature (,orbit and gravity)?
How do you map biome cover to align with the percentages you use? (How do you, say, make sure that your planet is 40% water when mapping?)
Something I'll cover in detail when we talk about mapping in general but tl;dr eyeball it. Gridding off the map can help with this.
Artifexian Thanks
Very interesting, I never thought of things like that. When I map I kinda just make Weird continent shaped thing.
You're gonna enjoy some fo the upcoming mapping videos. Stay tuned.
Enlightening video as always Edgar, especially in regards to both the online calculator and the spreadsheet to find it (speaking of online calculator, still looking up commands and lessons in both html and javascript to make that one for moons and rings of planets based upon the roche limit and hill spheres, it's gonna be a while on my end unless someone knows how to do square, square roots, cube and cube roots in those programming languages). Though I can only assume that the average temperature of the world would be useful in at least getting the temperatures for the different latitudes. I don't recall where I saw/read this, but I recall a particular guide/ruleset where the temperate latitudes are of the average while the tropics are higher and the polar regions are lower. Come to think of it, it's probably Star Hero....
Also, nice to see that the upcoming video(s) will deal with how the orbital distance of a habitable planet and the luminosity of its host star would affect the terrain and biome placement of said world. Granted, it's all obviously interconnected, but it's nice to know where to go for a jumping off point for not only the rise of a sapient species, but also its languages and dialects that might be affected by it. "Making an apple pie from scratch by creating the universe" indeed!
Though now that the thought had occurred, I'm assuming that besides the inevitable biochemical videos detailing the adaptation and evolution of that world's lifeforms (again, assuming native and not transplanted i.e. colonization), would there also be anthropology-centric videos to describe how to create the society and culture of our imagined worlds?
You can just Google it. Javascript should just use the Math.sqrt() function, and will presumably have other functions for cube roots (or roots of any kind). Normal squares and cubes will be as easy as multiplying a variable by itself: e.g. x^3 = x*x*x.
Interesting, though I'm trying to do the kind of calculator where, after you put in the variables in the proper fields, when you click on the button it does the whole "If true, then" kind of commands where it either states in the outcome box that either A) It does have a moon, B) It has a Ring instead, or C) No Moons or Rings. Still stuck on the fundamentals on how to get javascript to even work on HTML commands, nowhere near close to the more advanced stuff for me to even attempt what I had in mind.
Still, thanks for the heads up. Now I just gotta figure out how to do the input fields and the "calculate" html button....
I managed to make a Habitable? planet with a higher gravity/atmospheric pressure (and thus a higher boiling point of water? I think?) and Venus-level albedo - because it's covered in volcanic clouds and thus is in a perpetual state of volcanic winter - a la the K-Pg atmosphere-covered-by-impact-debris thing. Which isn't very winter-like considering that the average temperature is 72 F. Low axial tilt means it stays cooler-ish, and the plants here would probably have a method other than photosynthesis to gain energy - though, in order to keep the greenhouse gasses at sufficiently Earth-like levels, they'd have to be consuming those as well. I'm thinking surface plants that work on chemosynthesis would work just fine, though I'm not sure how they'd look and I wonder if their waste products would make things even more difficult. (Though it seems like munching Methane/CO2 would likely yield oxygen as a byproduct??? I'm not a chemist nor a scientist and I'm writing fantasy, dangit!)
It's a good thing that world is inhabited by literal demons because... yeah. I've purposefully designed it to be Difficult to live on and that temperature average is... uhhhhh TOASTY. Also, I did this using the astro.indiana tool, not the spreadsheet - Wode (the system primary) is an F-type star, though just barely. WEEE!! Fun.
Man I love your videos, thank you for making them :)
No probs. My pleasure.
Another excellent resource with a really handy spreadsheet tool. Thank you for posting, as always.
Quick P.S. Sure you know already, but for others, the Climate Modeling feature in Universe Sandbox will allow you to get a lot of these values as well, albeit through a different process.
(Was how I got all kinds of interesting data to use on my tidally locked habitable moon.)
Interesting. Gah, if only homework wasn't getting in my way, I'd consider looking through these videos to attempt worldbuilding myself.
mass should be replaced in luminosity in the spreadsheet, in case you're using real stars. (The mass-luminosity equation from the Starmaker formulas is only a rough approximation)
Thank you!
No problemo, pal.
The value for urban might be different, if the civilazations on this planet build other types of cities. For example can the cities indistiguishable with forests, or they can be underground for a very high percentage.
That's fair. But I purposefully made the albedo input section editable so you can put in your own values if you wish.
You should put all this in a book
When you said that the polar circle would swap with the tropics, that's incorrect. Think of it in terms of an animation of a planet with a steadily increasing tilt and the zones are shown. At the 45 degree point they aren't just going to suddenly flip, no they're going to keep going and overlap. That is entirely possible since the only defining things are: has the sun overhead once a year, and has a yearly day night cycle. these aspects aren't mutually exclusive.
Could you cover atmospheres?
That would go hand in hand with this video.
Oh wow I didn't expect you to look like that (in a good way!)
Corey Newhard Why? Is this the first video of him that you see complete? He always appears at the end.
Hehe. :)
Hey Artifexian! I love your videos and i have a bit of advice. This video felt a bit empty in terms of sound. Some calm or atmospheric background music and sound effects would really add to your videos! Cheers!
I hope that when you go to address biomes placement, you pay very close attention to the rules of biogeography. This is something many many MANY world mappers forget and end up with seemingly random biome placements. Assuming Earth axial tilt and rotation direction, I've seen people use simple rules of "deserts are in mountain rain shadows, higher latitudes are colder and treeless" before, and that is no where near adequate. Nor is placing deciduous forests on west sides of continents (unless you have big warm oceanic currents like the gulf stream), placing temperate rainforests anywhere except the west coasts of continents between 40 and 60 degrees latitude, and putting grasslands seemingly randomly in regions that simply wouldn't be dry enough for forests not to shade out everything. There is a reason you will never see a temperate deciduous forest directly adjacent to a desert (tropical dry forests follow different rules). Biogeography is complicated, so I hope you give it some deep level discussion.
I used the equation in the beggining for my fictional habitable planet, with an albedo of 0.36 and atmospheric optical depth of 0.76. It gave me that the average surface temp of about 26-27 celcius. After i used an online calculator with those previous variables, the average temp is 16,8 celcius. So it is just for an approximation
if you search "planet temperature calulator" it pops up as the first link
When will you get to the mapping out the world's plate tectonics, currents, and biome placement?
I'm hoping to get this soon.
Also after hearing about you mention of the conlangs and writing systems, I did some modifications on Tąrapeg.
First, I established that the writing system is to go from right to left, with the lines going from top to bottom.
Second, most of the vowels are not going to be written down (due to the bizarre vowel harmonization that's established).
Finally, the written letters are going to be positioned in blocks; with some block types appearing only at the start of a word.
Good morning and well
I like your derpy sun
Any way to tell what the coldest and hottest regions would be based on the average ? If the overall is something like 48 C I'm wondering how to account for how far towards the poles would be habitable (liquid water) vs uninhabitable (frozen ice lands)
They have removed the calculator from the website.
Kinda late but you can use it with the wayback machine website
@@leonardov6580 Made my day, thank you bro so much
if you search "planet temperature calulator" it pops up as the first link
More I watch these videos, the more lost I get on what should I pay attention to...
Oh god, deviating from a Main sequence star would introduce a massive whole lot of challenges on their own before one can even worry about the weather, methinks.
I am new to this channel buz did anyone ever pointed out how awsome the LCARS refferences are? It shows you have taste.
Hey man! The spreadsheets are awesome! I did, however, notice an error in the Star&Orbit tab of the Celestial Architect spreadsheet. The orbital period of your planet is not changing with the mass of your star. If the mass of our Sun increased, in order for the Earth to maintain the same orbital distance, it would have to orbit faster, which would make the year shorter.
6:20 Um, actually Endor is a _forest moon_ YOU FRIGGIN' STAR WARS POSER GET OUT
Just kidding haha loved the video, as usual! Keep it up, mate :)
I know. I actually had a little gag about this in the first draft of the script but I cut it out for the sake of time.
I know you know, it was a joke haha. But it's great that your videos are always very concise and are able to explain a lot in so little time. Also, this new Artifexian era's lookin' pretty swell!
Yeah but he was immediately forgiven because he mentioned Arrakis for the desert planet :)
I saw 59 Fahrenheit and got the chills from how cold it would be, but then I realized I live in California
I remember that when I was 10 I wanted to create a fictional world like Westeros and I wanted everything to happen on one supermassive continent (40% of the surface) with the strongest nation in the center, and then my brother told that the center would probably be the worst desert imaginable.
Bare in mind if you have more water or vapor, your world will be wetter, and Mark Rosenfelder has a good example of this
Ahhhhh! New video!!
Finally! Jeez this guy needs to upload more. Slacker. :P Hehe
Artifexian Ayyy xD
Seriously, love your videos, they really get me thinking
You taught me so much about building a scientifically plausible universe, but could you show us how to create organisms as well.
How would we find the average temperature and temperature swings of a moon?
the average temperature means almost nothing without the standard deviation. Because 15°C is a temperature way colder than any temperature the tropics and equator will ever see outside of supertall mountains.
Yas, new video so soon
Hope you enjoyed it.
Your channel is great :D
Are you going to make a video about each of the things you mention at 6:47? I would really enjoy it.
INDIANA GOT MENTIONED WOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO!
Alma mater?
Not yet, I was born, raised, and still live in it. Indiana doesn't really get get recognized/mentioned even domestically, so I get uber excited if i even hear the word "Indiana"
I cannot use that website from the 1st half of the video: when I type anything other than a whole number, it says it's not a valid number. 0.84 is not a number it says and 0,84 is not valid it says. What do I do wrong?
You froze my planet! :D
I had to mess with the greenhouse effects of my planet because I would have needed an albedo of 8 or lower for my planet to be a habitable temperature if i had left the greenhouse effect at 1, so I raised the greenhouse effect to 2 and left the albedo at 22 which, for my planet, gave me an average temperature of 72 degrees Fahrenheit. Totally habitable for a water-world i think.