Hey, new to your channel today! Stumbled upon this by accident when looking for something else but now I’m hooked! Good video and super educational on a number of levels. So Since I’m new today maybe I can get away with asking a stupid question since I never watched any weather channel like this before, but what does intercepted mean? I didn’t know that you could intercept a flood? I guess I’m thinking that intercept means to stop or to thwart? But if it’s flowing then is it really being intercepted somehow? I know I’m not thinking of that word in the correct way weather-speaking so maybe clarify a little bit for me so I can enjoy the rest of these videos without wondering what the heck intercept means in regards to these flash floods. Thanks! Look forward to the right answer to probably a dumb question. Peace out man from Delaware ☮️
Intercept used to mean directly being inside a tornado, but due to safety concerns, the definition has evolved to accomplishing anything - if the goal is to observe a tornado, then you intercepted the tornado when gaining visual. Goal here is to observe the front wall of a flash flood, so that is called an intercept. The definition has certainly evolved to be more broad
@@ReedTimmerWx wow. That’s very interesting and I would have never guessed that that’s how that word is being used. It almost doesn’t make sense to me but it’s all new info so I’m just gonna do a little more research on that so I can understand it better but thank you so much for your reply. I’m enjoying your vids big time 👍
Good to see David Rankin is still chasing floods. One of the first flash flood videos, I watched, was a Rankin Studio production. Be safe Tim and David.
Hello from Vahalla estates. This is exactly why, when your told to shelter in place when there's a flood threat here in the desert southwest, you must listen. This takes everything in its path with it. Thanks for this. Many don't understand how dangerous this is. Wonderful capture Dr.
@@craycray7067 yes, very terrifying because this water can move over a large area and does it faster than one realizes which is the most dangerous under the cover of darkness. I echo your sentiment, stay safe everyone.
In Sanders to it filled a hole I dug that was 9 feet wide by 9 feet wide 4.5 feet deep .. it's like a river of water went right for it .. good thing I set up plastic around my hole .. I made a short video of it
Debris, is when you see a couple of 300 gallon propane tanks ,cows and semi truck tires going down the creek. Little Butte Creek, in Eagle Point, Oregon, 1999. New Years Day! Very heavy pineapple express, warm rain event contributed to a early snow melt along with the frozen ground so run off was extreme!
Hey Paul, I remember that! I was in Medford at the time. I grew up on Bosc Way in Eagle Point, went to all three schools at the time ending with Eagle Point High School. Back in the day me, my brothers & our friends would jump into Little Butte Creek and swim down quite a ways and back every single day in the summer, hang out at the park and go to the little snack shack across the bridge and to the right. Remember the old walking bridge that went over the creek across from the flour mill down the road. My years there in Eagle Point were 1976-1986 but lived in Central Point, Medford & Jacksonville until May of 2000 when I moved to Arizona. Been here since. My younger brother still lives on Orange Street in Medford. Great memories Paul, thanks🤙😃
Too little rain then too much. Ack! Hope everyone stays safe and thank you, Reed, for showing all of this to us. We live in the eastern side of Tucson and most of the storms have been missing us so far. Hope they find us soon.
I love to see OTHER weather related issues, not just tornadoes. We must remember that Reed is a meteorologist, not just a storm chaser. Reed loves weather, but he also loves nature and its exciting when we get to see the world through Reed's eyes.
watching the velocity increase was scary. lots of water moving Very Fast. I'd like to see the stream bed the morning after. fresh cuts and debris drops.
Our flood sounded like a 747 landing on a nearby creek...I'll never forget that sound or the sound of a tornado we had in AZ (90's) the boulders hitting each other (we have car sized rocks!) kept our adrenal glands awake.
I used to go watch flash floods like this all the time when I was a kid because the house is on a hill but there's a wash that runs far enough down to not create a hazard to the house but not so far that we couldn't all get there on our bikes. So we'd wait until the lightning stopped and the rain wasn't so bad and ride down to see how high the wash had gotten. It would sometimes go from having absolutely not water in it, because it's usually hot here in this part of California, to being at the top of its banks and even sometimes over it. One time, it nearly eroded away the train tracks! That was quite the storm spectacle and so we'd all go and look at it when we were kids. One thing that was actually scary was that there used to be this old train bridge that was used as a road bridge over the wash. My mom said that there was a flash flood before I was born (which is more than 42 years ago now) that washed every single bridge out to get from where we lived to the rest of the valley except that train bridge. Well that bridge only had room for cars but someone had ad hocked a narrow wood plank addition to the side of it for pedestrians. One of my friends decided to walk onto that little wooden plank as the floods were lapping at that plank. As brave as I am for danger, I realized that was a bad idea and I wasn't about to do it but I couldn't talk him out of doing it. I stayed there and watched because I figured that at least I'd be able to get help if he fell in. He was very lucky and did not fall in. Mind you, I was the one who would take lots of crazy risks, but not that one.
The last 3 Monsoons have been good in my opinion. Hoping that trend continues through September and then again next summer. I can't wait for this weekends "events"! Viva the MONSOON!
Hi Reed, I knew it was going to be real bad somewhere because yesterday the rain slammed down, a downpour I haven't seen here a few miles north of Prescott in quite a while. Our everything outside was flooded with I'm guessing an inch of standing rain. I want to go pan at Lynx Creek but I hear it got so bad in many parts. Thanks for the timely updates💯😊
I have been targeting Lynx Creek over recent days for a flash flood. We have figured that radar estimates are precips are more challenging across the rim country as well
I drove to Phoenix from Tucson yesterday evening and hit some rain and a whole lot of dust around Casa Grande. Not surprised to see a ton of rain was dropped on the region. Should make the roads around Three Points fun to drive. Last weekend the road to Sasabe featured more than a few dips with sand clogging the roadway.
Having one of these surprise you in the middle of the night would be terrifying. Imagine all the creaking and bending this kind of mass would induce to every piece of your property.
Those side areas. Also fascinating. A tiny bit of plants. A break. Whirlpools. I'd love to learn about that. It reminds me of the way smoke in a fire behaves. And lava
Was driving back from Vegas to socal on 15 . We could see Hugh clouds and rain bombs off too the southeast . Kept getting alerts for flash floods on Nevada, Arizona border .
love watching this... can you some how figure out depth of the avg to LRG flash flood and speed it is traveling? It seems very fast and length of time they happen.. please and TY.
Soil without organic content does not take up water well enough. Each increase of a single point of organic content increases the water holding capacity by 4x and increases the ability of that soil to soak it up before run-off and erosion. Bare soil open to the desert sun does not foster a temperature conducive to the soil fauna which works symbiotically with plants to increase the organic content of the soil. It is certainly possible to turn the desert into Eden by regenerative ag techniques utilizing year round no-till cover crops.
Let's NOT keep trying to turn the whole desert into Eden. It does not turn out well in the long term. Look at all the fuss in 2022 about Lake Powell and Lake Mead. Drought or flood. Everybody running around trying to fix what Mother Nature fixed arons ago. She has this whole system set up with rainy green areas and dry deserts. People keep moving from wet and snowy areas because they can't deal with the wet, to areas that are dry and warm, then want that dry place to be covered with green lawns and farms.
All rainfall in Arizona is west of the continental divide and ends up in the Gulf of California. I lived in Tucson years ago. Smaller washes flow into the Santa.Cruz River, then the Gila River, which rises in New Mexico, then the Colorado River then the Gulf of California and the Pacific Ocean. Get out a map and study the systems
Woo hoo ur in my backyard. I was here in 83. That was something. Driving on silverbell yesterday afternoon was let's say interesting. I hear the river roads!!!! Love they get to come out with these rains lil guys and gals! With the rain we are getting if there's a well placed hurricane we could have another big one.
@Charlie Brooks: Yep. You would absolutely not want to try to cross that in a car...or even a truck. That would easily blast a vehicle right off the road. As the NWS says: "turn around, don't drown"
Hope it all flows to areas of drought. Just goes to show that there is an abundance of water from Mother Nature compared to what others may want us to believe. I'd like to know where all this water ends up??
I'VE BEEN WATCHING REED SINCE 'STORM CHASERS' !! GREAT REPORTING, AS USUAL !! HOWEVER . . . ? SO;ULTION TO HELP MAKE THESE FLOODS LESS DANGEROUS !! ANY THOUGHTS ?? BE WELL !! BE SAFE !!
OK, I have watched these floods and one in a desert canyon which was very bad in your area but nothing to get excited about,....but here in Australia in conditions very similar to what you showed here in the north, the famous Cooper Creek which is fed from Queensland though the Cooper Basin which is at least a mile wide of sand dotted with massive gum trees. The Cooper Creek then feeding Lake Eyre a salt late of massive proportions which is filled about once every 10 years. These flash floods wash away roads and rail lines over the width of the Basin. Yay Australia......
@@talmadgewilliams8831 If you didn't realize that I was joking, that indicates a lack of human understanding so profound, it borders on a kind of miracle. I'm truly astonished.
@Maddie Ann Oh come one everyone knows these arroyos dry up in the summer and fill up in the rainy season. In no way is this flooding and storm chasing.. LMAO..
It’s too bad they don’t have some type of retention dam on the Gila south of Gila bend to capture all these flood waters. Seems like they could pump all this monsoon flood water back into the states Aquifers, or into the lakes to help with the southwest drought water shortage.
@@ReedTimmerWx it’s been nice, we definitely needed it. Got a pretty heavy downpour yesterday for about an hour. I didn’t leave the house tho to see if the washes were flash flooding because I’m a scaredy-cat lol.
My road is getting washed out from all this rain! Had none last year and not much the year before! Climate change all the time where I live! Back and forth! Lol
I can research I know. All this nice silt. What about the critters? Must be great benefits and negatives. I'd love to know the reproductive strategies in this. (Critters not sexy scientists)
Hey, new to your channel today! Stumbled upon this by accident when looking for something else but now I’m hooked! Good video and super educational on a number of levels.
So Since I’m new today maybe I can get away with asking a stupid question since I never watched any weather channel like this before, but what does intercepted mean? I didn’t know that you could intercept a flood? I guess I’m thinking that intercept means to stop or to thwart? But if it’s flowing then is it really being intercepted somehow?
I know I’m not thinking of that word in the correct way weather-speaking so maybe clarify a little bit for me so I can enjoy the rest of these videos without wondering what the heck intercept means in regards to these flash floods. Thanks! Look forward to the right answer to probably a dumb question.
Peace out man from Delaware ☮️
Intercept used to mean directly being inside a tornado, but due to safety concerns, the definition has evolved to accomplishing anything - if the goal is to observe a tornado, then you intercepted the tornado when gaining visual. Goal here is to observe the front wall of a flash flood, so that is called an intercept. The definition has certainly evolved to be more broad
@@ReedTimmerWx wow. That’s very interesting and I would have never guessed that that’s how that word is being used. It almost doesn’t make sense to me but it’s all new info so I’m just gonna do a little more research on that so I can understand it better but thank you so much for your reply.
I’m enjoying your vids big time 👍
It is not a dumb question. What it means is exactly what you explained. The meaning doesn't change!
Good to see David Rankin is still chasing floods. One of the first flash flood videos, I watched, was a Rankin Studio production.
Be safe Tim and David.
Hello from Vahalla estates. This is exactly why, when your told to shelter in place when there's a flood threat here in the desert southwest, you must listen. This takes everything in its path with it. Thanks for this. Many don't understand how dangerous this is. Wonderful capture Dr.
Yup.
So happy you are safe, these are terrifying after sundown
@@craycray7067 yes, very terrifying because this water can move over a large area and does it faster than one realizes which is the most dangerous under the cover of darkness. I echo your sentiment, stay safe everyone.
Here in the California Desert we are getting storm warnings on our phone Sheesh we need rain but not all at once.
@@mayolson2 yes rain is a blessing of which we all need. But we just have to be cautious
REED! We got 2.9 inches in one half hour in Window Rock AZ on Aug 16. ^_^
In Sanders to it filled a hole I dug that was 9 feet wide by 9 feet wide 4.5 feet deep .. it's like a river of water went right for it .. good thing I set up plastic around my hole .. I made a short video of it
Debris, is when you see a couple of 300 gallon propane tanks ,cows and semi truck tires going down the creek. Little Butte Creek, in Eagle Point, Oregon, 1999. New Years Day! Very heavy pineapple express, warm rain event contributed to a early snow melt along with the frozen ground so run off was extreme!
Hey Paul, I remember that! I was in Medford at the time. I grew up on Bosc Way in Eagle Point, went to all three schools at the time ending with Eagle Point High School. Back in the day me, my brothers & our friends would jump into Little Butte Creek and swim down quite a ways and back every single day in the summer, hang out at the park and go to the little snack shack across the bridge and to the right. Remember the old walking bridge that went over the creek across from the flour mill down the road. My years there in Eagle Point were 1976-1986 but lived in Central Point, Medford & Jacksonville until May of 2000 when I moved to Arizona. Been here since. My younger brother still lives on Orange Street in Medford. Great memories Paul, thanks🤙😃
Too little rain then too much. Ack! Hope everyone stays safe and thank you, Reed, for showing all of this to us. We live in the eastern side of Tucson and most of the storms have been missing us so far. Hope they find us soon.
Massachusetts. Everything died in my perennial garden. Records. Nobody has much left
I love to see OTHER weather related issues, not just tornadoes. We must remember that Reed is a meteorologist, not just a storm chaser. Reed loves weather, but he also loves nature and its exciting when we get to see the world through Reed's eyes.
Important point. Why I'm suddenly watching this channel
That's an insane volume of water coming down. Your videos of the monsoons this year have been incredible. Thank you. Love your excitement. haha
Curious, what does the flood and debris smell like? Is it a muddy/earthy smell?
You have to be very brave to do this at night. And to love it!
watching the velocity increase was scary. lots of water moving Very Fast. I'd like to see the stream bed the morning after. fresh cuts and debris drops.
Our flood sounded like a 747 landing on a nearby creek...I'll never forget that sound or the sound of a tornado we had in AZ (90's) the boulders hitting each other (we have car sized rocks!) kept our adrenal glands awake.
I used to go watch flash floods like this all the time when I was a kid because the house is on a hill but there's a wash that runs far enough down to not create a hazard to the house but not so far that we couldn't all get there on our bikes. So we'd wait until the lightning stopped and the rain wasn't so bad and ride down to see how high the wash had gotten. It would sometimes go from having absolutely not water in it, because it's usually hot here in this part of California, to being at the top of its banks and even sometimes over it. One time, it nearly eroded away the train tracks! That was quite the storm spectacle and so we'd all go and look at it when we were kids.
One thing that was actually scary was that there used to be this old train bridge that was used as a road bridge over the wash. My mom said that there was a flash flood before I was born (which is more than 42 years ago now) that washed every single bridge out to get from where we lived to the rest of the valley except that train bridge. Well that bridge only had room for cars but someone had ad hocked a narrow wood plank addition to the side of it for pedestrians. One of my friends decided to walk onto that little wooden plank as the floods were lapping at that plank. As brave as I am for danger, I realized that was a bad idea and I wasn't about to do it but I couldn't talk him out of doing it. I stayed there and watched because I figured that at least I'd be able to get help if he fell in. He was very lucky and did not fall in. Mind you, I was the one who would take lots of crazy risks, but not that one.
4:13 that's a healthy roll.
The last 3 Monsoons have been good in my opinion. Hoping that trend continues through September and then again next summer. I can't wait for this weekends "events"! Viva the MONSOON!
2021 and 2022 were good. 2020 was a nonsoon in Phoenix metro
Huge flooding and tsunamis have to be one of the most horrifying aspects of nature. I can't even imagine being stuck in a flash flood.
Wow, that was amazing. Great video! Glad you guys got to experience this - and Reed's channel got to air it! Stay safe, fellas!
damn, I've only ever seen something like this in history class when we talked about The Great Flood of '93.
I'm so happy you're all-in on my home state's most fascinating weather and season.
Hello from nyc amazing footage keep up 👆 the great works of nature
More awesome videos from Reed better than the weather channel.
Hi Reed, I knew it was going to be real bad somewhere because yesterday the rain slammed down, a downpour I haven't seen here a few miles north of Prescott in quite a while. Our everything outside was flooded with I'm guessing an inch of standing rain. I want to go pan at Lynx Creek but I hear it got so bad in many parts. Thanks for the timely updates💯😊
I have been targeting Lynx Creek over recent days for a flash flood. We have figured that radar estimates are precips are more challenging across the rim country as well
@@ReedTimmerWx Thanks Reed! I'm looking forward to your video coverage if a flash flood flows through the creek👍
Watching from Shreveport Louisiana
Another awesome footage by Reed!
Excellent stuff again Reed. Keep rocking.
It's great to get your non live video content. When there is less need to go live, I believe it's far better to edit, and upload video. Thank you.
Close to home, those flash floods are no joke!
Which direction is this flowing in??????????
South to north, Reed said.
Is that Brawley wash?
Scary 😨
This channel never disappoints, I never regret the time taken to watch one of Dr. Timmer's adventures! 😍
That is crazy fast water! Scary!
Hello Reed!! Treacherous is not the Word for This!! Unbelievable!! Thank You So Much!! Please Stay Safe!! God Bless Always!!🌪⛈️⛈️🙏
Thank you so much for this video Reed this looks like it's so scary to hit at night it looks so dangerous God bless you all be safe 🙏
I used live near three points. People really underestimate flash floods.
Good night😘👍
Wow oh wow Reed Timmer what great footage!!
Great video!
I drove to Phoenix from Tucson yesterday evening and hit some rain and a whole lot of dust around Casa Grande. Not surprised to see a ton of rain was dropped on the region.
Should make the roads around Three Points fun to drive. Last weekend the road to Sasabe featured more than a few dips with sand clogging the roadway.
Having one of these surprise you in the middle of the night would be terrifying. Imagine all the creaking and bending this kind of mass would induce to every piece of your property.
Hey reed timmer I am a big fan of your channel videos keep it going well done 👏😎🌪🌪🌪🌪
What I would like to see is when the flood stops and the water drops. How long does that take?
Just watched this video and I cant figure out what the red and green flashing lights are across the water? Good video!
That’s a drone!
From Mesa here. Need to wait for some Sycamore Creek action up north of 4 peaks.
Those side areas. Also fascinating. A tiny bit of plants. A break. Whirlpools. I'd love to learn about that. It reminds me of the way smoke in a fire behaves. And lava
Did you estimate how fast the water ran?
Was driving back from Vegas to socal on 15 . We could see Hugh clouds and rain bombs off too the southeast . Kept getting alerts for flash floods on Nevada, Arizona border .
How fast would you estimate that water is flowing?
Where is all this water going Reed, Very Sad!
Hopefully downstream to reservoirs that need it badly here, Arizona got water cuts from Colorado from Feds last week
We think in an alluvial area and a single farm may have taken all that water
Great video great view. 👍
It’s definitely growing in volume!
Is that the Brawley Wash?
Yessir at Ajo Hwy
@@ReedTimmerWx There's a stream gauge there, 12,000 CFS at midnight.
love watching this... can you some how figure out depth of the avg to LRG flash flood and speed it is traveling? It seems very fast and length of time they happen.. please and TY.
I don't think people realize how fast the water can rise, nor how powerful it is.
We need the water here in AZ, as much as we can get but people must respect it.
That is always the Texas concern. Night flooding & hundreds of low water crossings traveled daily within each county.
Soil without organic content does not take up water well enough. Each increase of a single point of organic content increases the water holding capacity by 4x and increases the ability of that soil to soak it up before run-off and erosion. Bare soil open to the desert sun does not foster a temperature conducive to the soil fauna which works symbiotically with plants to increase the organic content of the soil. It is certainly possible to turn the desert into Eden by regenerative ag techniques utilizing year round no-till cover crops.
Let's NOT keep trying to turn the whole desert into Eden. It does not turn out well in the long term. Look at all the fuss in 2022 about Lake Powell and Lake Mead. Drought or flood. Everybody running around trying to fix what Mother Nature fixed arons ago. She has this whole system set up with rainy green areas and dry deserts. People keep moving from wet and snowy areas because they can't deal with the wet, to areas that are dry and warm, then want that dry place to be covered with green lawns and farms.
Did this flood go to Sells?
One question that is important to me.
Where does all the water and debris finally stop at? Rio Colorado or Rio Grande?
All rainfall in Arizona is west of the continental divide and ends up in the Gulf of California. I lived in Tucson years ago. Smaller washes flow into the Santa.Cruz River, then the Gila River, which rises in New Mexico, then the Colorado River then the Gulf of California and the Pacific Ocean. Get out a map and study the systems
Woo hoo ur in my backyard. I was here in 83. That was something. Driving on silverbell yesterday afternoon was let's say interesting. I hear the river roads!!!! Love they get to come out with these rains lil guys and gals! With the rain we are getting if there's a well placed hurricane we could have another big one.
Living in Phoenix for 30 years monsoon makes the summer little easier we need the rain.
Imagine being outside at night and bumping into something like that...
I just wish all that water could flow into Lake Mead or somehow Lake Powell
Well, Reed I hope your in AZ this weekend 8/19
😱😱😱
You say Three Points, but where in Three Points? It's 55 square miles.
Is it getting bigger!?
Hell yes it is
That’s a pretty powerful flow! It would be impossible to cross on foot….maybe even in a car! This must be a “100 year” event!
This is normal for monsoon season. Extreme rainfall over a dry landscape can only be absorbed so much before the flooding begins
@Charlie Brooks:
Yep. You would absolutely not want to try to cross that in a car...or even a truck. That would easily blast a vehicle right off the road.
As the NWS says: "turn around, don't drown"
I have been wondering where all of that water ends up? Grand canyon perhaps?
Yes most of these floods do eventually end up in the Colorado River
Hope it all flows to areas of drought. Just goes to show that there is an abundance of water from Mother Nature compared to what others may want us to believe. I'd like to know where all this water ends up??
I'VE BEEN WATCHING REED SINCE 'STORM CHASERS' !!
GREAT REPORTING, AS USUAL !!
HOWEVER . . . ?
SO;ULTION TO HELP MAKE THESE FLOODS LESS DANGEROUS !!
ANY THOUGHTS ??
BE WELL !!
BE SAFE !!
OK, I have watched these floods and one in a desert canyon which was very bad in your area but nothing to get excited about,....but here in Australia in conditions very similar to what you showed here in the north, the famous Cooper Creek which is fed from Queensland though the Cooper Basin which is at least a mile wide of sand dotted with massive gum trees. The Cooper Creek then feeding Lake Eyre a salt late of massive proportions which is filled about once every 10 years. These flash floods wash away roads and rail lines over the width of the Basin. Yay Australia......
Would love to intercept one of those
Tucson, AZ
Look for gold after the rain
Do you mean to tell me that's not how a dry creek normally looks?
Dry River beds nothing in them normally.
@@talmadgewilliams8831 If you didn't realize that I was joking, that indicates a lack of human understanding so profound, it borders on a kind of miracle. I'm truly astonished.
Why is weather so beautiful? No not just controlling it, or feeling safe because it's not you but actual art?
Oh nm. It's your footage
Xo
Sometimes night floods are silent ,the rain thunder etc all play a part in the deception.
Still those are nothing compared to the flooding of 1983. Those river beds overflowed it banks and were more than half mile wide north of Tucson.
Moving land off top
Wish there was a way to steer the flood over to places that could take it to Reservoirs.
Wow a Flooded Ditch. Cool Story Bro..Storm Chaser of the year award.. lol
@Maddie Ann Oh come one everyone knows these arroyos dry up in the summer and fill up in the rainy season. In no way is this flooding and storm chasing.. LMAO..
Did you really just come here just to "cool story bro" someone? Interesting... I'm sure you're a blast to hang out with 😆
@@maxhunter3300 Are you crying?
It’s too bad they don’t have some type of retention dam on the Gila south of Gila bend to capture all these flood waters. Seems like they could pump all this monsoon flood water back into the states Aquifers, or into the lakes to help with the southwest drought water shortage.
You have some more rain heading your way today it appears
@@ReedTimmerWx it’s been nice, we definitely needed it. Got a pretty heavy downpour yesterday for about an hour. I didn’t leave the house tho to see if the washes were flash flooding because I’m a scaredy-cat lol.
My road is getting washed out from all this rain! Had none last year and not much the year before! Climate change all the time where I live! Back and forth! Lol
Don't forget to practice your electrokinesis
Hope you know what you;re doing.
I can research I know. All this nice silt. What about the critters? Must be great benefits and negatives. I'd love to know the reproductive strategies in this. (Critters not sexy scientists)
hi
im david
how is your day going
when I grown up I want to be a storm chaser
every time ROBLOX I play storm chasers
my favorite movie is twister the movie or the movie in to the storm
thems drowning waters
في عرب متابعينه
2nd
Get out the Kayak
To bad they cant divert it to Lake Mead
A lot of rain, quickly on to dryish ground is a recipe for a big flood.
Great camera work though. Those drones are so handy! 😉
M 🦘🏏😎
🤟 b safe