Very concise and simple for us YT knowledge seekers. Will have to watch again but definitely have a better understanding and beginning to grasp the concept. Thank you dear sir! You have been crowned… the Bel King 👑
I just wanna thank you for making these videos, I’m new in this complicated business and was recently volunteering at a gig in my town. I binged your channel before the event, and now I manage setup and tear down at my second event this weekend. I think you’ve managed to squeeze years of experience and classes into days, amazing!
Point of nerdy detail: dB is always only a ratio unless it has a suffix. For example, dBa, sometimes written "dB(a)", means the A-weighted scale of sound power. That tells you the reference point (zero dB), and because it's sound waves, it also tells you that it's the A curve, which models the frequency response of the human ear. There are other curves used too, for expressing sound power in dB, but this is the most useful one, which you will see on level meters etc... On this scale 3dB is a halving or doubling of sound power. The other common one is dBv (yup, voltage decibels), where 6dB is a halving or doubling, as you said in the video. This is almost always the scale you find in the audio chain (amps are the exception!). There's a bit of history behind this - back in the day in telecoms and broadcast and valve signal amps, the engineering approach was to optimize the POWER transfer between source and destination. This gave least noise/interference, cleanest signals, etc., and (later) it was one reason why Neve's modules have transformers on each end (inside the desk!). Optimized power transfer is still necessary in some places: radio transmitters and receivers (aerial feeds), record stylii, guitar and other instrument pickups, and all forms of magnetic recording heads (analogue and digital), etc. For everything else we use dBv, and the principle of high-impedance inputs (very little current flows - the input stage is designed to amplify the voltage it sees). Also useful to know (when dealing with dBv), is that a signal change of about 1.5 to 2 dBv is about the smallest the human ear can detect (when it's turned into sound). I've worked with colleagues who claimed they could hear 1dB on line-up tone, but the best thing was just to smile sweetly and change the subject! You ought to do a video on impedances - mics, instrument transducers, DI boxes, input vs. outputs, etc., and about balanced vs. unbalanced signals (single-ended vs differential in the digital world). The more people understand the easier it is to do the job well. Of cource you can nowadays just plug stuff in and it works, until it doesn't!
Don’t you mean dBu? dBV is for consumer electronics whereas the former is for pro audio. There’s still a ratio at play because any change from zero is relative to 1V for dBV and 0.775V for dBu. Is that not correct? dBA is based on the Fletcher-Munson curve for a 1kHz sine at 40 phons, about 3 millipascals or 44dB.
Finally, someone explains clearly why the number 20 is used. I've been baffled by that for so long... I'm gaining so much from your wonderful videos - thank you again, and sorry if I'm spamming your notifications. I'm working through your back catalogue :)
Wow, I have been working with audio for many years and never realized the depth of the Db unit by all its variations and applications. Thanks for this great video!
Definitely, this is maybe one of the best channel that audio & sound community can find on TH-cam. Thank u so much for sharing your knowledges with us. Regards from Bcn! 🤘🏼
Very nice explanations at the Audio University. I could complement with a fact that serves as reference: speaking of sound pressure level, if you hear a sound at a determined level, when a second sound comes in, that sounds 10 dB louder or more, you will be hearing only the second sound. That explains why you can hear a dog barking in you neighborhood, but if a track drives near your house, you can’t hear the dog anymore. Well, my cat claiming for fresh fish you would hear him anyway, but he is an exception to laws of the physics and the logic.
This is actual information, subbed. I like Paul from PS Audio, but a 7m video is primarily good vibes, history and some information, and yet I see many people Commenting "wow so much useful information this was amazing".
Thankyou. while I have done lots of audio for theatre etc, I'm also quite involved in radio. I mean on the radio frequency as in the what the transmitter antenna and receiver. these to although not audio but at radio frequencies is also expressed in decibels. your explanation applies quite well since the ratios are the same concept to radio frequencies. to increase my signal by 10db I increase transmitter power by 10 times. using AM radios with any gain compensation turned off a 10db increase of the radio signal will as I say without AGC or automatic gain control to compensate for changes in signal strenth, will also make a 10db increase in audio volume. interesting how the bell or decibel can be and is often applied in other things other than audio.
Hello. An Electrical Engineer here. Pretty good video. One slight comment. A decibel is 1/10 of a Bel not 10 times a bel. Also, Wikipedia starts with. “The decibel (symbol: dB) is a relative unit of measurement equal to one tenth of a bel (B).” en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel
I always think the biggest confusion with the db Is understanding of what a log is A mathematical way of multiplying numbers by adding maybe you can start with explaining indices 10^1=10 10^2 =100 you can multiply these two numbers by adding the indices 1+2=3 10^3=1000 when you understand this and discover the log of 2 is 0.3010 and because we work in db not bells this becomes 3db so when we add 3db we are multiplying by 2 😊 I hope this helps and doesn't add more confusion The db is always a power ratio when you double the voltage you have four times the power into a given load The log of 4 being 0.6020 giving you the 6db Increase
Thanks. This video helped me understand these audio measurements a little bit easier since I'm one of however many people in the world with sensory issues. 👍👍👍
i think a useful adition to this would be the fact that you can select multiple faders in your mixer... each one with a different value.. and if you turn them down or up simultaneously they will keep the right proportion from the mix. Means: do not automate volume in your tracks. Automate or set output of your plugs... then if you hit the master above 0 db.. you can simply select all tracks and turn them down in the mixer simultaneuosly (provided that each one is not clippin... i think a video on this would be highly useful. 😊
In sound, 1db gain is the smallest change in sound you can hear, 3db is only a slight change in volume but takes twice the power ( amps and speakers ) to produce. It is also dependent on distance, twice the distance half the volume ( I don't know the readings of that, but aprox. half the power, -3db )
Love this channel as it has helped me explain myself. This make complete sense. Before I came across this channel I was blind to all this knowledge. Thank you.
@@AudioUniversity For real. I naturally inclined to the pro audio. I could never explain what I hear, but when I watch your videos you teach me terminology And the im able to better explain myself. Ive always been inclusive and attracted to recording, ins and outs... fun stuff!
dB doesn’t make the math easier, dB makes comparison easier. Comparing 40w to 160w (+120w) you have no idea how much louder one is than the other without doing some nasty math, and you need to re-do the math for the same increment (120w) at a different value (e.g. 100w -> 220w). dB is simply ~3dB is twice as loud, no matter what the source volume is.
Thanks man..always a learning experience with you! 🤘😜🎶🎶Very much appreciate the work you do bro...you broke this down to bare bones science and it's impressive stuff that you can explain it in the plain English most people need to understand and process it.. unbelievable details..👊🤘🎶🎸
03:56 - "A decibel is 1/10th of a Bel". That's true, but you don't add 'th' to fractions. 1/10 = "one tenth" so adding 'th' to it actually makes it "one tenthth". The only time you add 'th' to a number is when it is used to represent a place in a sequence - such as "the boy was in 5th grade", "the runner came 10th out of 50 people".
The point of using dB is that it better matches our loudness perception. Ex: believe it or not, a 200 Watt amp wont be noticeably louder than a 150 Watt amp at maximum non distorting loudness. The difference you hear is when you overdrive the 150 Watt amp and it starts introducing distortion. This of course assumes the wattage ratings are honest real measured values.
Nicely done! Thank you! I think I have a quick correction though. The graph used to explain log is actually an exponential curve, right? Log is flipped. Humans perceive loudness logorythnically where slight increases are perceived louder until they "round off" the louder the volume. 120db to 130db is barely perceived, whereas 0db to 5db is perceived as a large jump. Correct me if I'm wrong about the graph
I want to ask how do I record a coinbent sound inside my home? My guess is -40 dB!!! With the trivial apps I got 26 dB but it's not quite there. Let me know and very urgent for me. Thank you very much.
Hi, you have a lot of knowledge. Here'a an easy question for you: Assuming 40 dB (SPL), what is the potential voltage? How do you convert dB (SPL) to Volts, example 40 dB (SPL) = (V)?
The voltage can’t be determined by the SPL alone. It would depend on the sensitivity of the speaker or microphone, the current, and the impedance. Check out “the power equation” and “Ohms law”. These might help you understand what I’m trying to say. Hope this helps!
@@AudioUniversity Thanks for replying. Of course, there should be a reference value. So would this be correct? Exanple 1: V = 100 * 0.1 * (10^(40/20) = 10 Volta Example 2: To estimate the voltage output of a Shure SM58 microphone for a 40 dB sound pressure level (SPL): Sensitivity of SM58 mic: -54.5 dBV/Pa Sound pressure level (SPL): 40 dB Using the formula: Voltage (V) = Sensitivity (dBV/Pa) + SPL (dB) + 94 dB Substitute the values: Voltage (V) = -54.5 dBV/Pa + 40 dB + 94 dB Voltage (V) = -54.5 dBV/Pa + 40 dB + 94 dB Voltage (V) = 79.5 dBV Therefore, the estimated voltage output of the Shure SM58 microphone for a 40 dB sound pressure level would be 79.5 dBV.
Ex 2: The question asks how many volts would the mic produce with 40 dB SPL of sound. This is my process for solving these kinds of questions. I try to keep to first principles thinking and derive things rather than memorize formulas. Mic sensitivity (-54.5 dB V/Pa) 1 Pascal of pressure causes the mic to produce 1.85 mV How many Pa is 40 dB SPL Known : 1 Pa = 94 dB SPL So 40 dBSPL is 94 dB SPL attenuated by 54 dB Attenuating 1.85 mV by 54 dB means Attenuation in dB 54 dB = 20 log (Va/Vref) 54 dB = 20 log(Va/1.85 mV) 54/20 = log(Va/1.85 mV) 2.7 = log(Va/1.85 mV) Inverse log or 10^X of both sides 10^2.7 = Va/1.85 mV Rearrange Va = (10^2.7) x 1.85 mV Va = 501.2 x 1.85 mV Va = 927 mV = 0.927 V Answer You should expect 40 dBSPL sound to produce 0.927 V (about 1 V) of output on a shure SM58 microphone
Excellent explanation on a totally misunderstood subject. Now for the total rabbit hole- Explaining dBspl weighting and that humans can actually hear below 0dBspl at certain frequencies as the definition is at 1kHz. some people can hear 3.2kHz at -5dBspl.
Being new to this fascinating concept, my first very curious question from only watching 2 expert videos including this one; is what do we mean by "power" if not voltage? I would think electric power like voltage though if not are we talking amplitude? I can't wait to learn more on how that equates to sound pressure. Mind = *
Every 3db of gain requires doubling the power in audio. That's why to get 120db of volume out of a pa system requires huge power and many more drivers compared to say 110 db. Both are insanely loud though.
So the physical mixers we have at the sound engineer table, are they in dB fs? How can I know that the meter I have in front of me is in Full scale meter or UV meter?
So what do I set my faders to? Or just mixing volume knobs and doohickeys in general. Like what’s a good level to keep your master on? 0 or -5 or 10? I see videos where people talk about LUFs too and I’m curious how that translates into Al of this. Good video didn’t expect to learn any formulas this morning haha
Faders on mixing consoles should be around 0 (where the fader values walk from +10 to -∞). That way you have the most precise control over the volumes. Metering is another story. It depends what type of dB's are used by your mixer. Behringer X32 has a meter from 0 to -57 dB, where Allen&Heath uses a scale from +12 to -40. The best values for the mixer is to run sound at the level where the loudest parts are just in the orange, just so the average sound fills green leds. A quick note to that is if you run mp3's (composed sound) instead of live sound from an instrument/microphone, have it turned down a couple db's in the metering, that way it is in line with the perceived loudness, and you can still run the fader around 0, where you get the most precies control.
@@edewaal97 thank you, I'm basically just working with loops and synths in logic so I have nothing external going on that I'm recording, I assume that makes it easier to control but could also but wrong on that front
@@AudioUniversity That was great thank you! I honestly try to watch every video, but who knows how much I can retain lol, a refresher never hurt anybody!
Can someone help me please. I work in a noisy engine factory in a particular area where the dB is below the point where it’s not compulsory to wear ear protection. However, I choose to wear earplugs because I get sharp earaches during the shift and I can feel my hearing is detrimentally effected after a shift. My employer believes that because the working environment is below the dB legal limits for wearing ear protection, my hearing can’t be effected, but I believe that it’s the frequencies of sound can cause damage, even though it below the dB legal limit. Certain frequencies can be within the ‘safe’ threshold, but can still damage your hearing. Frequencies are vibrations in the air and have different strengths of vibration, causing damage to the ears.
@@AudioUniversity Thank you. I understand that loudness can cause damage, but what about dangerous frequencies that don’t create loudness or register on a dB reader?
Thank you but at 2:30 the graphical representation does not correspond to the explained logarithmic scale because the dB´s are even apart in your representation, which makes no sense on a logarithmic scale. This is very important because a viewer maybe think now e.g. 1cm of movement of the fader reduces the volume everywhere the same, which is not true. In my opinion this is important because we use fader to put the right volumes. This is also a reason to think about gainstaging in advance and control the volume of the channel also advance of the volume fader with a utility-plugin to have a better overall control of the level - especially towards the end of a mix with the volume faders on the mixer. Those volume-fader on the mixer gonna effect the volume more and more towards the end of the volume-fader, if you put them on a digital nom. level like -18 or -12dB.... (almost all of us work in a digitial environment). This makes it harder and harder to control the volume because of the logarithmic scale of a allready reduced volumefader to those levels: a movement of 3mm of the fader reduces the volume very noticable at those levels. Much more then the same 3mm movement downwards from 0dB point, which is not so noticable. With this technique you can let the volume-faders at 0dB and make your fineadjustments very easy, because you have way more room to move the volumefader from the 0dB point. It is even much easier to draw in the volume envelope. Hope this makes sense to anyone. Please be so kind and try to clear this in you´re next video. Brgds
ok so this went way over my head. I'm very sensitive to high pitches. I'm looking for a ear plug that will take them out or lower them significantly. As well as lower overall sound. I can't be in the same room with a vacuum cleaner and when I watch tv it has to be on 25 or lower to not hurt my ears. Any suggestions for products? I suffer from migraines and seizures and very sound sensitive. Bass doesn't seem to hurt as bad but still the overall volume of it has to be low.
Is this a Re upload by chance? Or at least you’ve done a similar video on this. I know how this stuff works but I love these cuz they’re easy for ppl who are new to audio,audio engineering and mastering to understand
@Audio University, I've recently discovered the channel, found lots of interesting videos and have subscribed. Watching this one was another eye opener but I can't quite get my head around how you convert a dBfs value to the audio device's voltage out if 0dB = 2V. Using the voltage & sound pressure formulae, would dB be the dBfs value below zero and would value 1 or value 2 be 2v while the other gives the output voltage? Thanks
Great question, AS X! The answer is that it varies. That’s probably why you’ve had difficulty finding the answer. The calibration depends on the manufacturer. My research suggests that the “standard” is 0dBFS = +24dBu. However, this isn’t a hard and fast rule, so you’ll need to check your device’s manual.
@@AudioUniversity Another common reference point I often see in digital mixers for live sound is 0dBFs=18dBu, but there sadly isn't any norm indeed, which would make life a little easier sometimes.
I appreciate the way you present items and/or information to us. You appear to have a great range of knowledge but explain them in ways I understand. While writing I want to express my frustration on trying to do measurements of my system. For some reason I just can’t get it I have a laptop, REW software (5.20.8), Wrugste USB Audio Interface, EMC 8000 mic, and tons of cords. My main problem I think, is that the REW software I use a different version. Do you have any thoughts on this? Thanks my friend…. Jeff Ludwig.
@@AudioUniversity Yes, I think that is the problem, too many. I find one that has some of the items I have, but not the same. If I get close, the REW pages look different, maybe a different version. I am sure it is not as hard as I make it, some things just don't register with me like they use to, mainly do to age and early dementia. I appreciate you and your video, I see you going far. Any suggestions for me, I'm willing to try. Take Care my Friend. JL
hello! I have a quastion! Bel = log_10(power2/power1) dB = 1/10 * Bel but why dB is 10*log_10(power2/power1) ??? shouldn't dB be 1/10 * log_10(power2/power1) ??? 😭
Decibel is one tenth of a Bel, so that means that 1 Bel is equal to 10 decibel: 1B = 10dB. (Think 1 Kilograms = 1000 grams) Run the calculation now--> 10* (log10) = 10 dB
"....the drums are 120 dBs" is not an incomplete statement if you're talking about sound pressure levels, where 120 dBs is referenced to 0 dBs SPL, or absolute quiet. I know that you know this, I'm just clearing it up for other viewers. Best regards, Bill P.
@@AudioUniversitythank for the response. Have an older Sony receiver ES 5000 and at 0 GB. It’s pretty loud which I don’t understand. My newer receiver is an Onkyo RZ50 zero db is inaudible. We usually play the Onkyo around 65-70db. Thanks for your video
That’s an easy enough video to find, this channel is geared more towards audio production concepts than basic voice-over for a TH-cam video. You record your VO in a recording app like Voice Notes and paste it into your video. Or some programs allow you to record audio within the video editing software.
@@AudioUniversity please do it man im doing voice over from home,so please give suggestions and setting for home studio (which dont have sound proof rooms)
Leave it to Kyle to comprehensively explain decibels in terms I can understand. Granted, it got pretty fuzzy with all the formulas but that's because he speaks in Windows 11 terminology but my brain is still using DOS.
Thanks, Timothy! If it’s any consolation, I still didn’t get it after the 10th time it was explained to me! It just takes time, repetition, and practice.
OMG - when someone asks you how loud an amphitheater is: 2000 ft away. And you give them this you are quickly laughed out of the room. City planning commissions need explanations to complicate process models. This explanation will take almost any million dollar sound study.
The best statement is the decibel is a ratio. After that, the video would have been meaningful if you had given real world examples of ratios - what is being compared to what. Because it is not too difficult to learn how to work the math problems, but when all you have are words without pictures, it's pointless.
Whatever man. Thank god this knowledge doesn't affect my ability to move a fader, because I have no interest in trying to comprehend all those letters and numbers. I'll stick to trusting my ears
Well? The decibel system is not understood by 99% of us. What about the weighting system? Ay yay…. I’m just gonna mix another record. It’s too confusing and honestly has no impact on those of us recording and mixing recordings. Think and feel MUSIC. Not decibels. IMHO. But hey, if that’s your interest go for it
Very concise and simple for us YT knowledge seekers. Will have to watch again but definitely have a better understanding and beginning to grasp the concept. Thank you dear sir! You have been crowned… the Bel King 👑
Thanks, @sweet hart! Glad to help!
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I woud say a bit too concise...
I just wanna thank you for making these videos, I’m new in this complicated business and was recently volunteering at a gig in my town. I binged your channel before the event, and now I manage setup and tear down at my second event this weekend. I think you’ve managed to squeeze years of experience and classes into days, amazing!
Point of nerdy detail: dB is always only a ratio unless it has a suffix. For example, dBa, sometimes written "dB(a)", means the A-weighted scale of sound power. That tells you the reference point (zero dB), and because it's sound waves, it also tells you that it's the A curve, which models the frequency response of the human ear. There are other curves used too, for expressing sound power in dB, but this is the most useful one, which you will see on level meters etc... On this scale 3dB is a halving or doubling of sound power.
The other common one is dBv (yup, voltage decibels), where 6dB is a halving or doubling, as you said in the video. This is almost always the scale you find in the audio chain (amps are the exception!).
There's a bit of history behind this - back in the day in telecoms and broadcast and valve signal amps, the engineering approach was to optimize the POWER transfer between source and destination. This gave least noise/interference, cleanest signals, etc., and (later) it was one reason why Neve's modules have transformers on each end (inside the desk!).
Optimized power transfer is still necessary in some places: radio transmitters and receivers (aerial feeds), record stylii, guitar and other instrument pickups, and all forms of magnetic recording heads (analogue and digital), etc. For everything else we use dBv, and the principle of high-impedance inputs (very little current flows - the input stage is designed to amplify the voltage it sees).
Also useful to know (when dealing with dBv), is that a signal change of about 1.5 to 2 dBv is about the smallest the human ear can detect (when it's turned into sound). I've worked with colleagues who claimed they could hear 1dB on line-up tone, but the best thing was just to smile sweetly and change the subject!
You ought to do a video on impedances - mics, instrument transducers, DI boxes, input vs. outputs, etc., and about balanced vs. unbalanced signals (single-ended vs differential in the digital world). The more people understand the easier it is to do the job well. Of cource you can nowadays just plug stuff in and it works, until it doesn't!
Don’t you mean dBu? dBV is for consumer electronics whereas the former is for pro audio. There’s still a ratio at play because any change from zero is relative to 1V for dBV and 0.775V for dBu. Is that not correct?
dBA is based on the Fletcher-Munson curve for a 1kHz sine at 40 phons, about 3 millipascals or 44dB.
Correct!
I do hope that the many people who use the dB, without being aware of what it actually is, view this well presented video.
Finally, someone explains clearly why the number 20 is used. I've been baffled by that for so long... I'm gaining so much from your wonderful videos - thank you again, and sorry if I'm spamming your notifications. I'm working through your back catalogue :)
Wow, I have been working with audio for many years and never realized the depth of the Db unit by all its variations and applications. Thanks for this great video!
Super Awesome.
This is what Audio Enthusiast need to know.
Thanks Kyle for every free lecture.
Let's share this channel, guys...!
Thanks, Dewa! Please share the channel!
@@AudioUniversity sure, my pleasure
The channel name Audio University makes sense. Very informative.
Thanks, Nedim! Glad to help.
The best video about decibels and the best creator for audio tecqniques. Thank you!
Definitely, this is maybe one of the best channel that audio & sound community can find on TH-cam.
Thank u so much for sharing your knowledges with us.
Regards from Bcn!
🤘🏼
Very nice explanations at the Audio University.
I could complement with a fact that serves as reference: speaking of sound pressure level, if you hear a sound at a determined level, when a second sound comes in, that sounds 10 dB louder or more, you will be hearing only the second sound. That explains why you can hear a dog barking in you neighborhood, but if a track drives near your house, you can’t hear the dog anymore. Well, my cat claiming for fresh fish you would hear him anyway, but he is an exception to laws of the physics and the logic.
He's the goto TH-cam Audio Genius 👍
Thanks, Firebrand VOCALS!
This is actual information, subbed.
I like Paul from PS Audio, but a 7m video is primarily good vibes, history and some information, and yet I see many people Commenting "wow so much useful information this was amazing".
Thankyou. while I have done lots of audio for theatre etc, I'm also quite involved in radio. I mean on the radio frequency as in the what the transmitter antenna and receiver. these to although not audio but at radio frequencies is also expressed in decibels. your explanation applies quite well since the ratios are the same concept to radio frequencies. to increase my signal by 10db I increase transmitter power by 10 times. using AM radios with any gain compensation turned off a 10db increase of the radio signal will as I say without AGC or automatic gain control to compensate for changes in signal strenth, will also make a 10db increase in audio volume.
interesting how the bell or decibel can be and is often applied in other things other than audio.
the best explanation I found regarding this topic
Hello. An Electrical Engineer here. Pretty good video.
One slight comment. A decibel is 1/10 of a Bel not 10 times a bel. Also, Wikipedia starts with.
“The decibel (symbol: dB) is a relative unit of measurement equal to one tenth of a bel (B).”
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel
I always think the biggest confusion with the db Is understanding of what a log is
A mathematical way of multiplying numbers by adding maybe you can start with explaining indices
10^1=10
10^2 =100 you can multiply these two numbers by adding the indices 1+2=3 10^3=1000
when you understand this and discover the log of 2 is 0.3010 and because we work in db not bells this becomes 3db so when we add 3db we are multiplying by 2 😊 I hope this helps and doesn't add more confusion
The db is always a power ratio
when you double the voltage you have four times the power into a given load The log of 4 being 0.6020 giving you the 6db Increase
Love the way how the topics are covered in your videos. Always concise & to the point info.
Glad you like them, Ankush! Thanks for watching!
Thanks. This video helped me understand these audio measurements a little bit easier since I'm one of however many people in the world with sensory issues. 👍👍👍
i think a useful adition to this would be the fact that you can select multiple faders in your mixer... each one with a different value.. and if you turn them down or up simultaneously they will keep the right proportion from the mix. Means: do not automate volume in your tracks. Automate or set output of your plugs... then if you hit the master above 0 db.. you can simply select all tracks and turn them down in the mixer simultaneuosly (provided that each one is not clippin... i think a video on this would be highly useful. 😊
In sound, 1db gain is the smallest change in sound you can hear, 3db is only a slight change in volume but takes twice the power ( amps and speakers ) to produce.
It is also dependent on distance, twice the distance half the volume ( I don't know the readings of that, but aprox. half the power, -3db )
Great explanation. Thank you for not holding back on the math.
Excellent. Concise and clear, well put together, graphics I can read:- you have one of the best channels going.
Thanks, Leonardo!
This is excellent content!! Thank you!
The chart at 0:50 is the most helpful part of the video.
Love this channel as it has helped me explain myself. This make complete sense. Before I came across this channel I was blind to all this knowledge.
Thank you.
Glad to help, gomez richard!
@@AudioUniversity For real. I naturally inclined to the pro audio. I could never explain what I hear, but when I watch your videos you teach me terminology And the im able to better explain myself. Ive always been inclusive and attracted to recording, ins and outs... fun stuff!
"much easier to understand" yet they need countless explanation videos
dB doesn’t make the math easier, dB makes comparison easier. Comparing 40w to 160w (+120w) you have no idea how much louder one is than the other without doing some nasty math, and you need to re-do the math for the same increment (120w) at a different value (e.g. 100w -> 220w).
dB is simply ~3dB is twice as loud, no matter what the source volume is.
This is a phenomenal explanation. Thank you.
Very technical and learned a lot from you sir..
Thanks man..always a learning experience with you! 🤘😜🎶🎶Very much appreciate the work you do bro...you broke this down to bare bones science and it's impressive stuff that you can explain it in the plain English most people need to understand and process it.. unbelievable details..👊🤘🎶🎸
Thanks, Eric! I’m glad the videos are helpful to you.
I found out that the decibel is much MORE confusing than I previously thought!
03:56 - "A decibel is 1/10th of a Bel". That's true, but you don't add 'th' to fractions. 1/10 = "one tenth" so adding 'th' to it actually makes it "one tenthth".
The only time you add 'th' to a number is when it is used to represent a place in a sequence - such as "the boy was in 5th grade", "the runner came 10th out of 50 people".
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THESE VIDEOS!
that this video needed to be made shows exactly how it's *not* easier to describe sound pressure levels in decibels, but in pascals 0:36
The point of using dB is that it better matches our loudness perception. Ex: believe it or not, a 200 Watt amp wont be noticeably louder than a 150 Watt amp at maximum non distorting loudness. The difference you hear is when you overdrive the 150 Watt amp and it starts introducing distortion. This of course assumes the wattage ratings are honest real measured values.
Nicely done! Thank you! I think I have a quick correction though. The graph used to explain log is actually an exponential curve, right? Log is flipped. Humans perceive loudness logorythnically where slight increases are perceived louder until they "round off" the louder the volume. 120db to 130db is barely perceived, whereas 0db to 5db is perceived as a large jump. Correct me if I'm wrong about the graph
I want to ask how do I record a coinbent sound inside my home? My guess is -40 dB!!! With the trivial apps I got 26 dB but it's not quite there. Let me know and very urgent for me. Thank you very much.
Hi, you have a lot of knowledge. Here'a an easy question for you: Assuming 40 dB (SPL), what is the potential voltage? How do you convert dB (SPL) to Volts, example 40 dB (SPL) = (V)?
The voltage can’t be determined by the SPL alone. It would depend on the sensitivity of the speaker or microphone, the current, and the impedance. Check out “the power equation” and “Ohms law”. These might help you understand what I’m trying to say. Hope this helps!
@@AudioUniversity Thanks for replying. Of course, there should be a reference value. So would this be correct?
Exanple 1:
V = 100 * 0.1 * (10^(40/20) = 10 Volta
Example 2:
To estimate the voltage output of a Shure SM58 microphone for a 40 dB sound pressure level (SPL):
Sensitivity of SM58 mic: -54.5 dBV/Pa
Sound pressure level (SPL): 40 dB
Using the formula: Voltage (V) = Sensitivity (dBV/Pa) + SPL (dB) + 94 dB
Substitute the values: Voltage (V) = -54.5 dBV/Pa + 40 dB + 94 dB Voltage (V) = -54.5 dBV/Pa + 40 dB + 94 dB Voltage (V) = 79.5 dBV
Therefore, the estimated voltage output of the Shure SM58 microphone for a 40 dB sound pressure level would be 79.5 dBV.
At SouthYarraMan,
Your calculations have some issues
Ex 1:
100 * 0.1 * 10^(40/20)
= 10 * 10^(2)
= 10 * 100
= 1000
Ex 2:
The question asks how many volts would the mic produce with 40 dB SPL of sound.
This is my process for solving these kinds of questions. I try to keep to first principles thinking and derive things rather than memorize formulas.
Mic sensitivity
(-54.5 dB V/Pa)
1 Pascal of pressure causes the mic to produce 1.85 mV
How many Pa is 40 dB SPL
Known : 1 Pa = 94 dB SPL
So 40 dBSPL is 94 dB SPL attenuated by 54 dB
Attenuating 1.85 mV by 54 dB means
Attenuation in dB
54 dB = 20 log (Va/Vref)
54 dB = 20 log(Va/1.85 mV)
54/20 = log(Va/1.85 mV)
2.7 = log(Va/1.85 mV)
Inverse log or 10^X of both sides
10^2.7 = Va/1.85 mV
Rearrange
Va = (10^2.7) x 1.85 mV
Va = 501.2 x 1.85 mV
Va = 927 mV = 0.927 V
Answer
You should expect 40 dBSPL sound to produce 0.927 V (about 1 V) of output on a shure SM58 microphone
Excellent explanation on a totally misunderstood subject. Now for the total rabbit hole- Explaining dBspl weighting and that humans can actually hear below 0dBspl at certain frequencies as the definition is at 1kHz. some people can hear 3.2kHz at -5dBspl.
Great point! Thanks. Can’t believe I haven’t done a video on Fletcher Munson and weighting!
Being new to this fascinating concept, my first very curious question from only watching 2 expert videos including this one; is what do we mean by "power" if not voltage? I would think electric power like voltage though if not are we talking amplitude? I can't wait to learn more on how that equates to sound pressure. Mind = *
Thank you very much!
Thanks for watching, Niyoh!
Thank you, a good clear explanation.
For TH-cam videos how much decibels are required?
I wish I could like this video twice.
Every 3db of gain requires doubling the power in audio. That's why to get 120db of volume out of a pa system requires huge power and many more drivers compared to say 110 db. Both are insanely loud though.
thanks for this vid. Will review closely.
I aspire to be intelligent enough to understand this explanation. I will work on understanding this explanation.
Great.Congratulations
This channel is awesome
Thanks, TeamSpaceMan!
So the physical mixers we have at the sound engineer table, are they in dB fs?
How can I know that the meter I have in front of me is in Full scale meter or UV meter?
excellent - articulate and organized and clear
Thanks, Thomas!
So what do I set my faders to? Or just mixing volume knobs and doohickeys in general. Like what’s a good level to keep your master on? 0 or -5 or 10? I see videos where people talk about LUFs too and I’m curious how that translates into Al of this. Good video didn’t expect to learn any formulas this morning haha
Faders on mixing consoles should be around 0 (where the fader values walk from +10 to -∞). That way you have the most precise control over the volumes.
Metering is another story. It depends what type of dB's are used by your mixer. Behringer X32 has a meter from 0 to -57 dB, where Allen&Heath uses a scale from +12 to -40. The best values for the mixer is to run sound at the level where the loudest parts are just in the orange, just so the average sound fills green leds.
A quick note to that is if you run mp3's (composed sound) instead of live sound from an instrument/microphone, have it turned down a couple db's in the metering, that way it is in line with the perceived loudness, and you can still run the fader around 0, where you get the most precies control.
Bittamin - Check out this video: th-cam.com/video/TCBHysRV4vs/w-d-xo.html
@@edewaal97 thank you, I'm basically just working with loops and synths in logic so I have nothing external going on that I'm recording, I assume that makes it easier to control but could also but wrong on that front
@@AudioUniversity That was great thank you! I honestly try to watch every video, but who knows how much I can retain lol, a refresher never hurt anybody!
@@edewaal97 so new to avr reciever, does increasing DB for front and center speakers increase volume, or should I set to 0.
wonderful video...!!
Thank you...
Thanks, Edgar!
My family is Italian, they're between Jack Hammer and Jet Engine.
Can someone help me please. I work in a noisy engine factory in a particular area where the dB is below the point where it’s not compulsory to wear ear protection. However, I choose to wear earplugs because I get sharp earaches during the shift and I can feel my hearing is detrimentally effected after a shift. My employer believes that because the working environment is below the dB legal limits for wearing ear protection, my hearing can’t be effected, but I believe that it’s the frequencies of sound can cause damage, even though it below the dB legal limit. Certain frequencies can be within the ‘safe’ threshold, but can still damage your hearing. Frequencies are vibrations in the air and have different strengths of vibration, causing damage to the ears.
Just because it’s not illegal doesn’t mean it’s not damaging. Hearing damage is understood as a combination of level and duration of exposure.
@@AudioUniversity Thank you. I understand that loudness can cause damage, but what about dangerous frequencies that don’t create loudness or register on a dB reader?
Thanks for your efforts
Glad to help, ibrahimissa Issa!
But what is negative db, what does it mean when compared to an expensive speaker that has 90db, but another expensive speaker has -24db?
Thank you but at 2:30 the graphical representation does not correspond to the explained logarithmic scale because the dB´s are even apart in your representation, which makes no sense on a logarithmic scale. This is very important because a viewer maybe think now e.g. 1cm of movement of the fader reduces the volume everywhere the same, which is not true. In my opinion this is important because we use fader to put the right volumes.
This is also a reason to think about gainstaging in advance and control the volume of the channel also advance of the volume fader with a utility-plugin to have a better overall control of the level - especially towards the end of a mix with the volume faders on the mixer.
Those volume-fader on the mixer gonna effect the volume more and more towards the end of the volume-fader, if you put them on a digital nom. level like -18 or -12dB.... (almost all of us work in a digitial environment). This makes it harder and harder to control the volume because of the logarithmic scale of a allready reduced volumefader to those levels: a movement of 3mm of the fader reduces the volume very noticable at those levels. Much more then the same 3mm movement downwards from 0dB point, which is not so noticable.
With this technique you can let the volume-faders at 0dB and make your fineadjustments very easy, because you have way more room to move the volumefader from the 0dB point. It is even much easier to draw in the volume envelope. Hope this makes sense to anyone.
Please be so kind and try to clear this in you´re next video. Brgds
ok so this went way over my head. I'm very sensitive to high pitches. I'm looking for a ear plug that will take them out or lower them significantly. As well as lower overall sound. I can't be in the same room with a vacuum cleaner and when I watch tv it has to be on 25 or lower to not hurt my ears. Any suggestions for products? I suffer from migraines and seizures and very sound sensitive. Bass doesn't seem to hurt as bad but still the overall volume of it has to be low.
Check out this video: th-cam.com/video/ihif-XEL6XQ/w-d-xo.html
I think my head es'ploded, Lucy. Well, not the first time. LOL Great channel.
Very nice explanation. 😊
Is this a Re upload by chance? Or at least you’ve done a similar video on this. I know how this stuff works but I love these cuz they’re easy for ppl who are new to audio,audio engineering and mastering to understand
Thanks, Freg! Yes. This is a second edition with better structure, delivery, and some edits.
@Audio University, I've recently discovered the channel, found lots of interesting videos and have subscribed.
Watching this one was another eye opener but I can't quite get my head around how you convert a dBfs value to the audio device's voltage out if 0dB = 2V. Using the voltage & sound pressure formulae, would dB be the dBfs value below zero and would value 1 or value 2 be 2v while the other gives the output voltage?
Thanks
Great question, AS X! The answer is that it varies. That’s probably why you’ve had difficulty finding the answer.
The calibration depends on the manufacturer. My research suggests that the “standard” is 0dBFS = +24dBu. However, this isn’t a hard and fast rule, so you’ll need to check your device’s manual.
@@AudioUniversity ah OK. Thanks.
@@AudioUniversity Another common reference point I often see in digital mixers for live sound is 0dBFs=18dBu, but there sadly isn't any norm indeed, which would make life a little easier sometimes.
Hellow! My power amp has 4500w x2, what out put level can I set when I connect two mid range speaker
Good question. It depends on the sensitivity and impedance of your speakers. Check out this video: th-cam.com/video/Ee9bmALhhtg/w-d-xo.html
Hats off to u.
I appreciate the way you present items and/or information to us. You appear to have a great range of knowledge but explain them in ways I understand. While writing I want to express my frustration on trying to do measurements of my system. For some reason I just can’t get it I have a laptop, REW software (5.20.8), Wrugste USB Audio Interface, EMC 8000 mic, and tons of cords. My main problem I think, is that the REW software I use a different version. Do you have any thoughts on this? Thanks my friend…. Jeff Ludwig.
Thanks, Jeff! Are you able to find any REW tutorials on TH-cam?
@@AudioUniversity Yes, I think that is the problem, too many. I find one that has some of the items I have, but not the same. If I get close, the REW pages look different, maybe a different version. I am sure it is not as hard as I make it, some things just don't register with me like they use to, mainly do to age and early dementia. I appreciate you and your video, I see you going far. Any suggestions for me, I'm willing to try. Take Care my Friend. JL
Over the years, Home Theater Shack forum ... has offered the best support for REW questions.
I wanna hear his stereo system.. it must sound like from another world
Power vs. Amplitude dB "which has 3dB vs. 6dB per Doubling?" ;-) Thank You!
College level knowledge 🔥
Well done Sir
Great video !
Thanks, Freg!
So 340 Decibels would kill at 5 feet distance?
love these videos
hello! I have a quastion!
Bel = log_10(power2/power1)
dB = 1/10 * Bel
but why dB is 10*log_10(power2/power1) ???
shouldn't dB be 1/10 * log_10(power2/power1) ??? 😭
Decibel is one tenth of a Bel, so that means that 1 Bel is equal to 10 decibel: 1B = 10dB. (Think 1 Kilograms = 1000 grams) Run the calculation now--> 10* (log10) = 10 dB
Great Videos!
Thank you
"....the drums are 120 dBs" is not an incomplete statement if you're talking about sound pressure levels, where 120 dBs is referenced to 0 dBs SPL, or absolute quiet.
I know that you know this, I'm just clearing it up for other viewers.
Best regards,
Bill P.
Logarithms AAAA I knew my chemistry teacher wasn't capping when he said there's a real world use for Math 😔
❤🧡💛....Great, as always ;)
Thanks, Gib Son!
@@AudioUniversity My pleasure ;)
Is ZERO db no sound or not perceivable by the human ear?
0 dB SPL is usually defined as the threshold of hearing (quietest sound we can hear). But everyone’s ears are different.
@@AudioUniversitythank for the response. Have an older Sony receiver ES 5000 and at 0 GB. It’s pretty loud which I don’t understand. My newer receiver is an Onkyo RZ50 zero db is inaudible. We usually play the Onkyo around 65-70db. Thanks for your video
1 decibel is an increase of 25.8925% or a reduction of 20.5672% in power.
💯
Thanks for watching!
@@AudioUniversity anytime 💯
can u please make video how to make youtube voice over in home with audio basic setting with recording tips
god bless you 🥰
That’s an easy enough video to find, this channel is geared more towards audio production concepts than basic voice-over for a TH-cam video. You record your VO in a recording app like Voice Notes and paste it into your video. Or some programs allow you to record audio within the video editing software.
im talking about pro audio for voice over and how to do setting in audacity
Thanks to both of you for watching! I am planning a video on Voiceover with a guest who does VO professionally!
@@AudioUniversity please do it man
im doing voice over from home,so please give suggestions and setting for home studio (which dont have sound proof rooms)
Threshold of feeling? :)
1 BEL = 10 dB , that's enough for today. Clear explaination though.
See you tomorrow, Al One! Thanks for watching.
As a drummer guitars and always louder than guitars , Marshal amps .
A bell is a 10th of a decibel then instead of the other way around in the video?
A decibel is 1/10th of a Bel. In the same way that a decimeter is 1/10th of a meter.
@@AudioUniversity ah yea that makes sense, thx!
it"s hard to believe when I see it that a rock band produce less db than a simple car horn... I never thought
Leave it to Kyle to comprehensively explain decibels in terms I can understand. Granted, it got pretty fuzzy with all the formulas but that's because he speaks in Windows 11 terminology but my brain is still using DOS.
Thanks, Timothy! If it’s any consolation, I still didn’t get it after the 10th time it was explained to me! It just takes time, repetition, and practice.
@@AudioUniversity You need to open that brick and mortar Audio Engineering University you've talked about.
3 db is an audible sound difference hearable to the human ear.
As much as I need this, it sounds like a language I can’t grasp to understand.
I never understood minus db's
OMG - when someone asks you how loud an amphitheater is: 2000 ft away. And you give them this you are quickly laughed out of the room. City planning commissions need explanations to complicate process models. This explanation will take almost any million dollar sound study.
im lose bru idk what your talking about
The best statement is the decibel is a ratio. After that, the video would have been meaningful if you had given real world examples of ratios - what is being compared to what. Because it is not too difficult to learn how to work the math problems, but when all you have are words without pictures, it's pointless.
Whatever man. Thank god this knowledge doesn't affect my ability to move a fader, because I have no interest in trying to comprehend all those letters and numbers. I'll stick to trusting my ears
Let’s hear ur mixes then genius. This stuff is important.
1:14 that shit is NOT a log scale lil bro
Well? The decibel system is not understood by 99% of us. What about the weighting system? Ay yay…. I’m just gonna mix another record. It’s too confusing and honestly has no impact on those of us recording and mixing recordings. Think and feel MUSIC. Not decibels.
IMHO. But hey, if that’s your interest go for it
Great video!