I remember seeing Richard Burton on a talk show, in 1961 (I was 18). The other members of the panel kept referring to him as English. As an Irish American (whose name got to Ireland, from Wales, in 1168, I was annoyed. Burton was gracious and erudite but, after an hour or so, he'd had enough. "You've been referring to me all evening, as English. I'm Welsh. We admire the English...with a cold dislike."
@robertolang9684 Irish actually. But the DNA doesn't lie. To suggest immigrating tribes genocides the native populations is farcical, doesn't hold up to the evidence. Live a lie if you like, no skin off my nose. But the british isles are an Iberian, Celt, and, in England, Germanic add mixture.
The languages are Celtic and many customs, stories and traditions are shared not just on both sides of the Irish Sea but also across the Bay of Biscay and Brittany. Also, many places all over that area have names with Celtic origins. The population may not be fully genetically Celt in Ireland just like it's not fully Anglo Saxon in England. Those peoples merged with the local population and their cultures and languages slowly became dominant in their respective territories, also adopting some traits from the previous culture. It happened with the Celts (different tribes or people's in Britain and Ireland), it happened with the Romans, the Saxons, the Vikings... it's normal
Merged or destroyed. The Bell Beaker people (ancestors of British and Irish), seem to have annihilated the Early European Farmers that came before them, especially in England.
@@manchesterunited4619 I believe that's a myth that has been disproven. There are other channels where actual historians and professional archaeologists talk about ancient history that provide more data and quote peer reviewed papers in publications made by experts that have said the anihilation of the EEF is only a myth.
@@anxofernandez3344‘m not in a position to prove or disprove anything concerning this matter. But, especially in the western world, history seems to me to become more and more politicized. In recent times Historians seem to prefer a more harmonious, cooperative and peaceful view on the historic process. Some even say that the ancient Roman Empire ( in the west) didnt really decline and vanished but was simply somehow „transformed“ ( into the early middle ages with its Germanic kingdoms). So, no big deal, guys! I would argue that this is heavily biased and has its roots in wishful thinking. „Yes, at the end of the day we are all good and nice people, ready to be peacefully united into ‚mankind‘. There are only a few troublemakers left which can be and must be „reeducated“ „.
A point I'd make is that a genetic marker doesn't necessarily tell you anything about the language the people used, or their material culture. So if talking about "Celts" you'd need to distinguish between a genetic population, a culture (including language) and the material culture. They shouldn't be seen as identical.
All I'm saying is that the Celtic language was an Atlantic thing, not Europe wide. Most of Europe was proto German, including eastern Britain, so didn't 'change' by the Anglo-Saxons, but already was 'german' speaking. What is thought 'celtic' culturally is just as much Germanic, & shared across Europe, including the Celts, not primarily Celtic in origin.
@@lloydbeattie9370 That too simplistic. The Romans, & Greeks to some extent, named a wide group of people after the first name they knew for them, sometimes incorporating different peoples under one 'label' ethnically by association. This is not proof of an actual close ethnic or cultural, or even linguistic connection, but more often mere geography. Thus the Romans met a 'tribe' they heard of as Greeks, so expanded this to mean many people in the eastern Mediterranean, who called themselves 'Hellenes', none say 'Greek'. Similarly, they encountered a group they heard as 'German', & then called a large part of Europe & it's people 'German'. Again, in south western Gaul they found 'Keltoi, or Celts, ,'Gauls', & stretched these to cover many peoples. The Carthage area they new as 'Africa' was expanded to cover the whole Mediterranean coast, later even the whole continent. Asia was just Anatolia, now a vast land mass. Thus what they called people does not prove an accurate marker of ethnicity or linguistic identity.
Too many origin theories around the spread of celtic culture assume a one way street east to west but some studies now suggest this may not have been the case. For example some relious practices may have developed in the British isles and spread eastward i.e.Druids. So I think more needs to be done to ensure therories do not always assume to build on well established models but critically assess the various options before settling on a most likely scenario.
People also forget how connected Europe was before the bronze age collapse, it probably developed simultaneously like English today in GB, USA, Australia, Canada, India etc
The Gauls in what is now France had driuids. I dont think they were particular to the British. I think of them as closer to shamans or witch doctors than priests like those on Rome. And certainly nothing like the modern romantic preraphaelite idea that wanderb around these days. If Caesar is only half right they were as war like as the rest .
Remains at Tara (Newgrange - in modern day County Meath) date to 5000 years old. Tara/Newgrange is older than than the Great Pyramid. The oldest myths and legends of kings and heroes are of people coming out of Tara. That was the heart of Éire for millennia. So your instincts are correct. The sons and daughters of Éire have roots going back further than the Egyptians.
Listening to your excellent presentation made me long to be back in college where I studied linguistics and majored in anthropology. Good job and thanks!
17:22 Irish Settlers brought Gaelic to Scotland from Ireland over 1500 years ago and it quickly spread from its initial base in what is now known as Argyllshire. At one time Gaelic was the language of the Scottish court and of the majority of the country's population.
The Irish gaels who brang Gaeilge Gaelic to Scotland and the Isle of man and parts of Wales the Scottish were pics from picland spoke pictish wipe out by the Saxons mac ó MC ní all of Gael Irish blood.. Irish gaels was the first settlers on Iceland too way before vikings 60 percent of Icelandic people share Gael blood. NORSE GAELS
@@Truthwillalwayswinoverlies no offence , but that is drivel. There were no Saxons in early medieval Scotland, the Germanic speakers were Angles, from Northumberland. Secondly, the PICTS were the indigenous people of northern Scotland, they weren’t Gaels or from Ireland and they spoke a language ancestral to modern Welsh
@@derektaylor8830 i think my wife's a pict , shes short lots of tattoos , sometimes speaks a strange language and has warlike moods. I know she loves whiskey and had Wallace for a maiden name. Shes thrown everything at me but a spear. A straight razor once . Yea shes probably a pict . Also my kid died herself blue once , and shes got red hair and talk sht alot. Is there a pictish dna test ?
Scotland essentially means "The land of the Irish"! Scotti was a tribal Roman name for the Irish. Through north Irish and west Scottish kingship and intermarriage (an Irish king married a Scottish princess), a whole Gaelic cross water federation was created, the Dáil Ríada, as Gaeilge (in Irish). That's until the Saisaneach (English, literally Saxons) decided to butt in...
@@SchismaticProductions you completely ignored the Norse, WTF ? Are we gonna pretend McAlpin came from nowhere ? As i can see it the english have tried very hard to de celtify the U.K. so to speak. I wonder what would happen if everybody descended from those places just popped up 1 day and decided to move to London ? Thats diversity ! You got Aussie celts and American Celts and celts from New Zealand etc...theres gotta be 100 million of em. That would take alot of beer.
The peoples of Northern Spain, Brittany, Wales, Ireland and Scotland all are overwhelmingly Y-DNA haplogroup R1b, most significantly R1b-L21. This haplogroup and its subclades have long been strongly associated with the proto-Celtic invasions during the early Bronze age.
I don't know why people are denying this 😂 this has pretty much been proven by ancient dna analysis over the past few years. The modern Irish derive the vast majority of their ancestry from the first Indo-Europeans who arrived in the isles.
@@mjhellman7591 No they dont. The Irish DNA profile is almost identical to the rest of the areas of the British Isles. Around 30% pre Celtic invasion, around 20% post Celtic invasion and the rest Nordic admixture from tbe Viking era. The main difference is that Irish Viking admixture came from Northern Scandinavia, mainly Norway and the British admixture came from southern Scandinavia, mainly Denmark. To be honest you would find it very difficult to separate a population from Ireland and one from England prior to the modern world wide influx into the UK.
Excuse me, the map that you used in 17:24 to illustrate what I understand that are the phases of spreading of Bell Beaker culture is probably wrong or obsolete, as it shows a guessed initial spreading from Central Europe. It's origin is now mainly accepted to be in Western Iberian Peninsula. (Of course, it doesn't invalidate the rest of the video at all. This is just a little observation).
@roberto lang A culture has other forms of spreading apart of physical migration and assimilation of other populations. Nowdays it is proved that the Bell Beaker culture developed first in western Iberian Peninsula where the oldest archeological sites vinculated to that culture have been found. Migrations from Central Europe to Iberia could have happened - there is genetical evidence of a very significant one in particular - but they are not connected to the spreading of Bell Beaker archeological culture itself. It is important to understand that expansion processes during Neolithic were more complex phaenomena than they used to be thought in past decades, as new evidence has been found progressively.
This strikes me as 'Single Study Syndrome' where interested/motivated parties take a single paper and blow its significance out of all proportion. Even if there were/are several studies into the genetics of the British population in this quasi pre-historic era their impact what is a multi-disciplinary topic can only be marginal. What we don't know far exceeds what we do and whilst we should not dismiss new work drawing conclusions are hazardous indeed.
It's political shenannigans too, look what they did with Cheddar Man, e.g. Trying to retcon the history to prop up justifications for "migration" and replacement.
@@idjtoal I think that's the 'interested/motivated parties' bit from my post. The study looks solid enough but the conclusions certain people have drawn seem unwarranted. But then it's History and it's always open to revision. If further studies emerge and evidence from other disciplines confirm them then we may have to rethink our positions. But not yet. 🙂
@@ericjames8233 I would agree if it wasn't for the fact that the same reasoning can be used against old knowledge based around a single mistake that collapses when someone finds the flaw that used to be the foundation of all assumptions. It has happened many times before.
@@svenkaahedgerg3425 I think you are agreeing with my point. It's the 'single mistake' that's the issue. If proper scientific rigour had been applied at the time and the results tested against other studies that 'single mistake' would have been discovered. The real problem is confirmation bias - a single study comes out, academics (being human) think the results look right, and it quickly becomes canon. Eugenics is a good example, 'Piltdown Man' demonstrates how easy it is to fool people who want something to be true. Single studies are dangerous if not treated with healthy scepticism.
@@ericjames8233 I agree with you and that is why when you find that flaw being the old foundation for countless following studies it should be reexamined.
@@anniew4105 Yes I agree but the English, Scots, Normans, and even some Viking surnames are quite common today so their influence on us is there all the same. Although less so in the west.
WILSON and BLACKETT have written many books on the history of the BRITTS ,highly recommend due to the fact years of research was done on the subject . enjoyed this vid very much thankyou.
Could there be any chance that the Gaulish word "epos" was at some point transferred to the Finns with something like trade connections? We still have "hepo" as a nickname for horse (hevonen). I mean with the Finnish language being quite a time freezer of loan words, Kuningas for example, it wouldn't really be a surprise!
Epos is related to Latin equus where modern equine comes from. It's a widespread Indoeuropean word so could have come from a Germanic language and the wiktionary article suggests it does though it's also close to the Greek version of hippos - hippopotamus 'river horse'.
I think it is overlooked, that global sea trade must have had a huge influence on the spread of language, and it wasn't just a gentle spread and diffusion via land, - word of mouth- so to speak.
I wonder if in 500 years archaeologists will separate our civilization into the cement-building people, the plywood building, the brick-builders, the log cabin people, or the ceramic vs paper plate people. The way they date things relies heavily on presumptions that I havent seen satisfying proof of.
They use "corded wäre" etc because they left no written sources, so archeologists have little better to use. Also, these people would have lived up to the 1200s BC, so to complete your idea we would be talked about in those terms in 3000 years
Likely there will be a version of a story that goes.. the first little pig built his house out cardboard.. then 2nd pig plywood, 3rd rammed earth and so on...
No. There was Bronze age beaker people living here before the Welsh arrived. The beaker people built Stone Henge and had a distinctly different culture.
@s0ulbr0777 The Irish are beaker people. The beaker people are not actually the original inhabitants. They are from the stepes of russia and are the "caucasian" people. It's true that in the UK the people who built stone henge were wiped out in violent way, but that did not happen in Ireland at all. It's also not sure if the beaker people built stone henge or simply arrived around the time it was finished being built. In Ireland the genetics are actually disputed at this very moment. There are two theories, one is the beaker people peacfully bred with the locals who were there before. The other is that the genetic link between the Irish people and the beakers is coincidental. We base the link on a gene linked to lactose tolerance and the latest study shows that its possible for different groups to evolve this gene when farming improves and they eat more cheese and drink more milk. So its possible the Irish are even older and are in fact the original hunter gathers on the land. The original hunter gathers were wiped out in England, we thought they bred with the beakers in Ireland, the beakers in England may, or may not have built stone henge.. in Ireland it doesnt matter as they either built it or lived happily with the people who did, or it was built by the original inhabitants and the beakers never really impacted the genes in ireland. This is the reason why Irish and Scottish are gentically idnetical, the Picts are genetic brothers of the Irish. the Welsh and English are genetic brothers and are cousins of the Irish/scottish/picts. The celts never came to the islands at all, they were italian and no one ever recorded any visits. The thing is, that the beaker people in England were replaced too by saxons, angles, danes, normans, romans. So were the Welsh to a large degree and parts of scotland too. This is why they have a colonial mentality lacking in Scotland and Ireland, they came to the islands and declared that they owned them. They go to America declare they own it, africa, india. The shame is the scottish and irish got tricked into helping them by believing they were all one in the same and simply delivering civilization to people, when in fact they were wiping civilizations out.
@s0ulbr0777 Egyptian people back then are not the same as the ones ones now. It's possible the beaker people travelled across to North Africa with their pottery then left. We know some people buried in important sites in Egypt back then were totally European genetically. there are a few Egypt stories with the tuta de, being king tut of Egypt leaving and arriving in Ireland. All of these stories were ruled out as Irish people, Welsh, and the rest have no genetic link to modern Egyptians. But then European mummies were found in Egypt and it opens up the possibility that from the pontic step they travelled down to Croatia, out into the sea, landed in Egypt, then set sail again as the heat didn't agree with them, their pottery skills gaining them favour and status in Egypt. Genetically the Welsh are the most distant of everyone on the islands. The Irish and Scots are identical, the Picts their brother. Then the English and the Welsh were brothers, but, the English genes although brothers of the Welsh is closer to the irish and Scottish. Think of the Welsh all having dark hair and eyes l, Vs red head, brown, blonde English. This could be down to the Welsh stopping in Egypt for longer than the rest and following on after. The heat causing the dark melanin producing people to survive better. So, if the Egyptians did impact the islands genes then it means they were European Egyptians, if the Egyptians were not European and were more Arabic, then they did not impact any genes at all.
0:22 discusses genetic findings bearing on the migration of Celtic-speaking people into Ireland, Scotland, and Wales; shows a Neolithic monument built at least 500 years before any Indo-European-speaking people or their ancestors got within 500 miles of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, or England.
@@pij6277 No, dolmens like that were there before the Celts got there - most built from around 4000 to 2500 BC by the Neolithic people the video talks about being replaced by Indo-European-speaking people, possibly the first Celts. Same with Stonehenge and Newgrange. The fact that they were made by people before the Celts arrived was preserved in Irish mythology.
Irish really are Celts. Our entire history, language, culture, art and music are all based on Celtic traditions. The 2 are indistinguishable from one another. To be Irish is to be Celtic. Ya know? Tiocfaidh ár lá 🇮🇪
anglo academia is obsessed with abstracting the word "celt" and insisting that celts aren't real. Always with an agenda of saying that we are like the english. I'll go ahead and say that it's not a magical coincidence that these are the same people who have been oppressing celts for centuries..definitely no bias there (sarcasm). I'm just across the Irish Sea from you in Scotland, we're a lot alike 🏴🇮🇪
@@0w784g The only reason why it's a modern phenomenon is because in the age of Globalisation, I feel more a closer connection with my ancient Celtic ancestors than I do with the rest of the world. Let's not forget Ireland is a island. When the British invaded in 1200s they tried to enslave the Irish people for over 700 years. When your people are under attack, that brings the nation closer together because you must help each other, in order to survive. For centuries we had no influence from other nations around the world. It was just us, left to defend for ourselves, the Irish people alone. That's why our identity is cemented and our nationhood is strong here. My ancestors were fierce Celtic warriors. And the fire still burns in me and in the Irish people today. Ya know? 😏🔥🔥
As a Zimbabwean with British/Scottish and Irish heritage, I am extremely proud and honoured to have the blood of the Brittonic/Gaelic Celts running through my veins. Warrior poets. Healers. Storytellers. Druids. A pure, wise, holy and spiritual people committed to their families, women, beliefs, cultures and ways. To the ways of the Earth and the animals around them.
@@mercster I don't have to mind my manners with someone like you. I'm a third degree black belt, and the top of my tae kwon do class. I'll tell you what, I'll go to the sweat lodge after you've gone to the doctors and gotten up to date on your vaccines and boosters.
it is like many call Deutschland Germany....it would be like call the italians romans .....maybe there is more germanic in north Germany or Scandinavia....the rest is of many slavic, roman and keltic or retians or ilirian tribes,latter mostly romanized ....fact is...we have still here a germanic or there a roman/latin or a keltic descending language...but we are Deutsch or Italian or Irish...and our culture is deutsch, irish or italian or whatever.....and we are not folks which hasnt change since more than 2000 years...we dont make germanic, keltic or roman music.....our music has evolved and many folcloric is typical european from 17/18th centuries...and little is known from music of the original tribes....so for sure you can find everywhere now also traces of germanic, keltic, roman, greek or slavic influence.......but we arte defenitivly not like the "original" old tribes....
Pretty much sums it up. There is a whiff of suspicious revisionism in these blown up theories about "Celts being not Celts" (a recent exhibit in Brittany also propagated similar fantasies, despite the fact that Western Bretons share more DNA with insular Celts than any other group). Sorry but if you are familiar with Celtic languages ( among the oldest in Europe), it's easy to see the close relationship between surviving Celtic cultures.
@J Boss Just had my DNA done I'm 55% Irish, 26% Scots 6% Welsh 4% Swedish/Danish and the rest English. Living in the UK I think I can handle all that. Taffbanjo I reckon you're a Celt and we live very near Wales!
@J Boss There's a lot of truth in what you say - I certainly look more Norse than my other brothers (five of them). but in the modern idiom, I identify as a Celt. You are actually wrong - my people were in the British Isles 500 years before the Norselanders ever got here. I have to ask, what do you know of my DNA?
@@missflooze That's pretty much true of a lot of us, I reckon. If these so-called Woke people can choose their sex (NOT gender - that's for parts of speech), then I can choose the ethnicity closest to my heart. Go in peace, brother....
Cruithen is pronounced krɯNʲ crew-ny’h. The orthography of Scottish Gaelic does not follow the same as the orthography of English. (Any more than English spelling rules follow French spelling rules). An “h” usually signifies that the consonant before it changes or disappears according to case or tense. And when you get more than one vowel in a row, like the “ui”, the second consonant is also usially a grammatical /syntactical indicator of a potential sound change.
I am French-Canadian of Norman heritage from Rouen Normandy, my haplogroup is DF49 which puts me in Ireland paternally. When I use GED MATCH and mytrueancestry it says I am 97% Celtic which breaks it down as danish gaelic icelandic. It's interesting.
@peakyblinder4511 yes, I am Canadian. I've been researching our ancient lines and discovered we came out of the British Isles into Normandy in 944 during the viking age and into Canada, New France in 1635. This is our paternal route.
When I was in college, that was the given consensus for how Ireland became celtic, we were trading heavily with people from celtic groups and started mimicking aspects of their culture. The example they used was a iron age style celtic sword made of bronze in Ireland (might have been flint, it's been a while) we essentially adopted the culture since it was seen as better and came with benefits in trade and relations or atleast that was the proposed theory on it
In essence this is Cunliffe's thesis, see 'Celtic From The West' volumes 1 to 3 and Koch's working tracing 'proto-Celtic' to Tartessian. This is the Atlantic theory. All the best.
@@monaghangm I believe that Ireland actually invented and exported much of the sword styles, noting that there are more Gundlingen BA swords in Ireland than in mainland Europe. From Ballintober via forms of Ewart Park to Gundlingen think Ireland then what is now Wales, England, Scotland and thence to Europe.
Yes, they are. Not exclusively of course. Mesolithic and neolithic populations persisted. But as in Britain the Bronze Age Bell Beaker Proto Celtic population came in greater numbers and changed the population numbers, culture and language of the islands. Proto Celtic was a Q Celtic language, similar to Latin, and the Q Celtic "Goidelic" languages developed from this population.
Ok……? I was born in Ireland, but raised in the U.S. By my DNA, I have Scandinavian in there, I guess from when Eric the Red popped in for a Guinness on his way through! Hell, I don’t know what I am! ☘️😂
I have no idea how I can identify as being Irish? However my grandmother's last name was Colvin given to her by her father. She and her husband with a name "Mc" and then another additional name close to "murry" raised all their children in rural Oklahoma USA in the late 1800s.
I don't quite get the question, but did you know that if your grandmother was an Irish citizen, you can also apply for Irish citizenship, even if you're not Irish? Does that help at all?
My paternal haplogroup is in the R1b area (RL21), so basically bronze age people with Celtic lineage which has been traced back and studied heavily. I could probably send a bunch of source links from my 23&me account.
I am R-L21. Hapogroup to Robert de Brus. Related to the Queen and Diana up to Egypt. Boylen sister Mary. My mom's is King Louis 16th family DNA. I have both sides of royal ancestors. Collins and Carters/O'Neil, Mound of the nine hostages, Tara.
You should read the Irish "myth" called "A Trickle of Water". It is the story of how the Earth and People were created, how the Gods and Goddesses "Traveled West On A Cloud" and arivved. How they fought off "The Formorians" to extinction. Quite an Interesting story.
Are you talking about the Tuath Dé Danann (Tuath Dé) and their migration to Ireland as told in the Lebor Gabála Érenn? If not, where does the story of "A Trickle of Water" appear? I could find no reputable source for this after a quick online search other than some neo-pagen sites. Thanks.
Neo-pagan and Wiccan counterfeits are not a proper substitute for genuine Celtic myth. If this “A Trickle of Water” story does not have any basis in the medieval Irish and Welsh myths, it is but a forgery.
@@lowlandnobleman6746 Glad to know I am not the only one with common sense. I don't like "neo-pagans" Who claim to know things, while clearly showing obvious ignorance and lack of resource about the deities they are incorrectly worshipping. It's like if a guy converted to an indian religion like Shaktism, but did not even learn how to properly pray or chant sanskrit hymns with the proper pronunciation, all the while claiming they are practicing the religion correctly, and even creating fake books with luducrous ideas. The same criticism applies to wikkans btw...
@@hermescarraro3393 I can't speak to eastern paganism but European neo-pagans come in a lot of varieties. There are historical revivalist neo-pagans who range from trusting anything presented to them to those who are religious scholars and historians. Some neo-pagans have decided that revival isn't possible due to the fact a lot of the practices are inferred and source evidences often come from skewed medieval Christian perspectives. Some groups are open to anyone and have few rules, some are closed and closer to "secret societies". The practices are almost always less dogmatic like Abrahamic religions and more traditional or have traditional origins. Some consider God's real, some hero's, some just an idea to focus on. Religion changes, things get dropped, adopted, misinterepreted. Saying "fake books with luducrous ideas" could just as easily describe any religious text.
9:10 Halstatt culture is named after its meaning 'salt town'' Salt in Welsh is 'halen' and 'stad' means estate(halenstad > halstad) So the Celtic language had already diverged from Proto-Celtic.
Interesting point of view though ancient texts and living site excavation have turned up plenty of artefacts to suggest the Celts did exist and the stories passed down of the battles had to originate from somewhere. Every story is wrapped in grains of truth as the saying goes. Not to mention the druidic religious practices that have turned up alot of evidence of how people lived and died in ways that were not typical of ancient people.
The P/Q difference actually cuts across many IE languages. And language families. That doesn’t imply the “chain” you propose, but something at once larger and more complex, but also perhaps relatively superficial. In fact it persists even in some cognates in different dialects of English.
12:14-12:17 Father in Welsh is 'tad' not 'edrydd'. Tad and Athair are cognate and make sense if sound shifts and the dropping of initial sounds are considered. Father would be a very archaic and stable word in most languages so I was suprised when he said homestead instead of father.🤔
The study he refers to shows the re-colonisation of Britain by Anatolian farmers. They replaced the Indo-Europeans! That must be why the British have dark features. The Irish are Indo-Europeans, often with white skin and blue eyes. Theory: that is the reason the British find it difficult to get on with Europeans - they're not really Europeans! Most Welsh don't look Irish - but some do, because a third of them are Irish (from the Irish kingdoms in Wales). Devon and Cornwall had Irish kingdoms!
Every dna site puts me as 80 British 20 German my family comes from Manchester but I get southern England what ancestry calls south Italian I get same 4 percent as Anatolian or Assyrian Levant on other sites. No record of that in my family is this from the invaders you speak? My phenotype is odd I can't seem to find one that matches I am 6,1 210 pounds brown eyes and hair. Strong build but not like a pure Nordic the only people who seem bigger then me other then some blacks. Ged match puts me as iron age Britain Celtic Britain 90 10 Assyrian I get West Scotland and Argyll often. My mother is a Campbell. Sorry for bothering on. My whole life people say I look Jewish or greek. But none of that in my family at least for 500 years. Is there a video I can watch on this paper? Sorry if typos Amazon fire tablet only gives a tiny response box
@@ryankellypa I don't know if there is a video on the paper. But its interesting that half of the Indo-Europeans were replaced by the people that THEY had replaced! Most of Europe was taken over by Indo-Europeans - except Britain. I was always puzzled why the British are generally dark-featured, with sallow skin - when they're supposed to be "Anglo Saxons"! And it might explain their antagonism to Europe. These Anatolians, I guess, would be providing the base population - so their looks would always be coming through in some way - and it could explain your looks!
@@johnpatrick5307 thanks for the insight. I'm 80 percent r1b around 15 to 16 i1 small percentage of g2 and j1. My family all hails from england and Scotland. Mytrueancestry has me as celt mostly then briton celt then british tribes such as canti dobunni and parisi. I only had a small amount of anglo saxon like 8 percent and some frankish. According to them burials of archers at Stonehenge and Kent and 1 in york are direct ancestors. I really have no idea how I got 4 to 5 percent anatolia. This sheds some light. Thank you. I'll look for this paper.
The study if presented in language other than Anglo, could be interesting. Is this another feature of globalization? Go raibh mhaith agat, slan go foill as Eireann.
I believe Gwales (Wales) & Goidhel (Gael) are from the same Germanic root, exonyms both & maybe meaning foreign/bad/wild/other-type people. Could be wrong.
I trace my clan back to the Menapii, a Belgic tribe which fought Julius Caesar. Many of the Gauls were decimated by the Romans. The remainder were made to fight for the Romans against other Celts .The Menapii migrated to Britain settled in Devon then moved on to Ireland. They became the Laigin which became the area known as Leinster.
Obviously Belgians had tribes from gaul in the region, so its okay for you to claim some celtic heritage since dna can prove it. I will not, however, accept ANY irish, english or anyone in the uk area (although the welsh if any of them, have some right to, but not ALL) to claim celt heritage since there is NO proof, dna wise or linguistically that support the irish being of celt heritage. Their culture bares NO resemblance at ALL to the major celts of iberia and gaul, i mean nothing at all. This gets MANY irish upset, but facts dont really care. Stealing culture is sickening to me. Anyways i digress, you belgians (well not all, the germanic belgians wont get any love from me) but yall Latin Belgians with some celt heritage are cool with me for sure. Its a family and its important to gate keep and keep out the culture vultures like the irish and germans.
Jonathan, I am not sure where you get your info from. The Irish speak a Q-Celtic language as opposed to the Welsh who speak a P-Celtic language. An example of this is the word for head. In Welsh the word is pen, in Irish it is ceann. The Belgae spoke continental Celt which became extinct in about 450 A.D. I would surmise that the Menapii unlike other Belgae travelled by sea to Britain then to Ireland to escape the Roman occupation of Gaul. It was around 30 B.C. that most of the Continental Celts we're put to the sword by Julius Caesar. They either escaped to the British Isles by boat, made into slaves, or put to death. The Menapii most likely escaped by way of the North Sea to the British Isles where they were in contact with their kinsmen.
It is quite possible that the derivation of Fermanagh comes from a tribe who settled Fermanagh called the Menapii. This ancient clan of Fermanagh would probably be linked to the Belgic tribe of the same name.
My DNA says I am 74% Celtic. My father's parents are both from Galway, and immigrated to America while my grandmother was pregnant with my father. Per my DNA findings I also have some Norwegian.
The Celts was a central European tribe. They traded with the Irish. Ancient Irish people was buried with traded Celtic artefacts. I buy products from China, Japan, etc. That doesn't make me Chinese or Japanese or wherever I my stuff come from.
thank you so much for being unafraid to dig into sensitive history and being willing to share what you find, I love this channel so much. my personal summation is that we all bleed red it doesn't matter where we come from we are all human, but the history and evolution of society as we know it is fascinating from an educational standpoint. cheers from a USA McLane keep fighting the good fight
Depends what you mean by celtic,?are the irish indigenous natives yes ,have they a ancient connection to eire ,yes,are they descended in a genetic connection back to the original ancestors ,yes...!
I love the Celts. I have developed such an interest in these amazing and fascinating people. The Celts of Great Britain were an indigenous people who honoured the Earth and animals. A very spiritual people connected to the land and spirit just like the Native Americans, Australian Aboriginals, Africans and Pacific Islanders. Unfortunately most accounts from the Romans depicted them as brutal savages not unlike how mainstream history has treated other indigenous peoples. More studies of these amazing yet misunderstood people should be undertaken.
Migration from the mainland is the best theory, or did they evolve from apes on the island? 🤔. There is a bottleneck in genetics, suggesting all races originate from a small group, thousands of years ago, migrating out of the Middle East. See scythians
@Falk You misunderstood, mate. Indigenous also means people who have a close connection to the Earth. Who are adapted to and live in cooperation with Nature ( not as being native to just one spot. ). Unlike Westernized, modern culture. Celtic Britons were the same as Native Americans, Australian Aboriginals and other peoples who treated the Earth and animals with honour, kindness and respect. People who lived off the land and knew natural medicines to take care of themselves. Friendly word of advice. Please don't call anyone silly for their opinions because you are trying to force your own on them. Thanks
@Falk They indeed put great emphasis on warrior culture, and developed warrior codes and ethos so much more elaborated than ours today (which in fact are non-existent) that we wouldn't even be able to fathom. But they certainly weren't as "violent" as us modern day folk who invest billions in the creation of weapons of mass destruction, or slaughter billions of animals per day for our mere profit and gustatory pleasure. There's a fine distinction between being "extremely violent", which is the view your biased eyes have through a lens influenced by your own modern standards of violence and by main-stream depiction of ancient cultures, and having an elaborated warrior culture. They would take the weapons only if necessary, but at the same time, maybe more often than us today who wallow in comfort and came to a point where we even tolerate the intolerable.
At 5:40 the narrarotor points out the Celtic language entered Britain during the mid to late Bronze Age from Gaul into Southern England. This was before the Angles, Saxons and Jutes changed Alba to Angle-land, or England. At this point Alba and Ireland were becoming Celtic. Proof of this is the Celtic languages covered all of the British Isles. The people who entered the islands from modern day Netherlands followed the shortest boat ride from Europe to the Isles. Obviously they were not Dutch. Probably closely related to Cheddar man. But whoever they were closest to, they were similar to each other and this became more significant after the waves of invasions of Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Fresians. There was major dna replacement into Southeast England from Fresland. The most recent mixing into the Celtic peoples were the Vikings and the Normans. But there's no getting around the fact, the Welsh, Irish and Scots are a Celtic people with a Celtic culture. It's time the religious rivalries take a backseat to the ancient Celtic family ties.
@@johnpatrick5307 The Irish are probably the most Celtic. But the Scots are fairly diverse and the the Dal Radian Gallic speakers from the West and North West are prob most like the Irish
@@johnpatrick5307 Also, Celtic or not Celtic, all of the British Isles before the Jutes, Danes, Angles, Saxons, Freisians, and Vikings were very similar in that they were tribal croft farmers who lived in a communal kibbutz fashion. I'm not saying they were Jewish, I'm just saying they were early farmers as were the Jewish
@@andymullins84 They are NOT "British" Isles. More Imperialism. The "Anglo-Saxoms" are a myth .They were actually very diverse people See: Daily Mail Updown. The British are actually more Anatolian farmers, who colonised the country about 1000BC, The British are closer to Spain than Northern Europe. It is the Irish who are closer to Northern Europe,
@@andymullins84 cornwall/scotland/wales and other parts of england were all celts. it's jist that irish nationalists adopted it as irish and promoted as such.....they wanted to distance themselves from their anglo-norman roots. you are right about gallic tho in scotland. from the frankish regions of europe who settled in scotland.
The English are Celtic , this idea that the English ppl have no Celtic roots is bull crap. Celtic ness is a culture it’s not a genetic marker , England had a “ celtic “ culture and in many ways it still exists
Thanks so much for giving your source papers! Subscribed! As someone from a different field of study, it is nice to know when the information you are seeing on TH-cam is from peer-reviewed journals or conferences etc. Any chance you can add these in the video descriptions as well so interested people can follow up?
Very nice video, I've appreciated the conclusions a lot. However, this video is not taking in the account that inscriptions in Lepontic language were found in the archaeological context of the Golasecca culture, which arose from the Cangrate culture dated to the XIII century BCE. Thus, it is likely that those people spoke a Celtic language, possibly even a P-Celtic language, already in the XIII century. As for Italic languages, it should be noted that Sicles, who in the VI century BCE wrote using an Italic language (likely a Sabellic dialect) (Jonathan Prag, "The indigenous languages of ancient Sicily", 2020), invaded Sicily during the XIII century BCE, as shown by archaeological findings. This suggests that at least part of the peoples living in the Italian peninsula during the LBA already spoke Italic languages. Most likely, Indo-European languages entered in Italy at the end of the Copper age (about 2200 BCE) as bearers of the Bell Beaker culture. This is also suggested by genetic data, indicating the end of the Copper age as the moment in which the genetic heritage from the Pontic steppes entered in Italy. Finally, I would recommend to read the article by Patterson et al., Nature 2021 very carefully, because the authors made no claims over Ireland as they had no genetic data coming from the Irish MBA, LBA and IA periods. Moreover, also Olade et al., Nature 2018 made no claims about Ireland, again because they had no genetic data from that island. The claim about "a minimum of 90 ± 2% local population turnover by the Middle Bronze Age" was made only about Britain, not Ireland. I know that a previous study by Cassidy et al., published on PNAS in 2015 may suggest that the turnover caused by the bearers of the Bell Beaker culture also affected Ireland, but I strongly suggest to avoid making strong conclusions from that study, because it analyzed just three Irish early bronze age samples. Again, no Irish MBA, LBA and IA samples. Although the haplotypes of the three Irish EBA genomes can be found mainly in today's Ireland, Scotland and Wales (Fig. 3 of Cassidy et al.), this means nothing in terms of the structure of the Irish Bronze Age population. It is well possible that a consistent group of migrants arrived in Ireland from continental Europe after the Bell Beaker people, as they seem to have done in southern Britain, but at the moment there are no data to support or disprove such hypothesis. It is also possible that a small group of foreigners took control of Ireland for some times during the bronze age, leaving enduring changes in the Irish culture but leaving no descendants in the modern population, similarly to what happened for the Hungars during the Middle ages. We simply do not know.
Sorry to hear you suffered from Covid. I got it for New Years and had no ill effects at all. But I lost my sense of smell for 5 days. I'm an Australian of mixed Scottish, Irish and Welsh background. 100% Aussie but interested in my heritage. Nice doco.
Great video, thank you. I am inclined to agree with all or almost all of it. For me, a really interesting question is: why were the Celtiberian & Gallaecian languages still Q-Celtic, despite being continental? Were they just more conservative descendants of Proto-Celtic, being at the fringes of Celtic Europe? Was there some sort of sprachbund that affected Gaul and Britain but not Ireland and Spain? Did Goidelic come from northern Spain? (Seems unlikely, even if there was a small and late migration from NW Spain, as suggested by Irish mythology).
According to studies done by Oxford University the Welsh are genetically distinct from the rest of Britain and still retain a lot of the oldest DNA in Britain, it came here accross the land bridge that connected Britain to Europe at the end of the ice age... in fact all the 'Celtic' areas of UK were genetically different from each other showing we're not talking about one homoginous group that came here. Secondly, we have to be careful to remember 'Celt' was not a specific group, it comes from the Greek 'kelti' that was used to describe all the taller lighter people of Western Europe.
@@johnpatrick5307 no, they weren't, "Celt" is from the Greek and Latin words "Keltoi" and "Celtae" and was a broad term used for all people that spread across Europe and the Iberian Peninsula. it simply means foregner or barbarian. to suggest Gaels, Gauls, Britons, Irish and Galatians were an homogenous group is absurd, it is just factually and historically inaccurate, these groups would identify as their tribe, not as "celt"
The "dd" is pronounced as a soft "th". I have a semi fictional account if the Melesian (sp?) Migration from Gaul to Ireland. The Phoenicians likely traded with these people. People also migrated from North to South to avoid the harsh winters, returning to avoid over crowding. Lemmings do the same thing: they reach a critical mass population, and the leave for less crowded environments, until the cycle repeats. Same with people. Going by language, is not the smoking gun we think it is, imo. It changes too fast. We see the same phenomenon today. Many more indicators need consideration. Tbc. I've visited all Cetlic areas in modern times. There are vey clear traces of it in the Barcelona area, which took me by pleasant surprise. I see many similarities in Riverdance style and Flaminco dancing in the footwork they do. Putting the pieces together should be conducted in a multi-diciplinary way, imo. The French spoken in Monaco has a very Italian accent, which is smooth and quite beautiful to my ears.
Yes, I agree with a lot of what you are saying. He kind of left out the pre-Celtic Neolithic and earlier Western Hunter Gather peoples and their genetics, whom all originally colonized Ireland and Britain. He made it seem like they are non-existent, or were completely wiped out, which is not true. There is more Neolithic/Pre-Celtic DNA present on the native female lines in Ireland and Britain then the male lines and this is primarily in the form of dominant phenotypes and haploid groups. He is correct though, in that Irish and British native "men" show a lot more Indo-European Celtic DNA which is some of the most limited male diversity in Europe. His main argument in this video was to prove that Irish and British peoples "really" are related to mainland Celts. So he seems to have deemphasized the Pre-Celtic natives who do have some genetic traces nowadays, which probably related more so to Iberian/Phoenician/Mediterranean type peoples like you are suggesting. They were definitely most likely non-Indo European peoples. Not all genes are dominant in the phenotypes of modern people but they can be hidden in the genotype... I am from the West Coast and Southwest of the U.S.A. I've done my own DNA tests and know my family history fairly well. I am around 97% Irish/British native gene pool with more dominance on the Irish then British side. My Dad's family is known to be only Irish and Welsh. My Mom's side is known only to be mostly a well rounded Brit with some Irish and German. For some reason I have a small percentage of Spanish/Portuguese DNA which is more then my German DNA even though nobody knows of any recent ancestors from there. My Mom is about 11% German while I am 0.10%, but I do have 1.3% Spanish/Portuguese. Strangely my Mom and my sister do not have any Spanish DNA but my Dad shows up with a small but similar proportion of Greek ancestry DNA and no Spanish ancestry DNA either, and none of the rest of us have Greek DNA. I have since found out that this is because individuals can present certain traits of specific hidden ancestors, which may not be present for many generations. Direct full blood siblings can have different percentages of different ancestries just like they can have different physical traits such as hair color. My point is that it is still a mystery to some extent, even with modern DNA. So I agree with you. Certain people can probably display traits of long dead ancestors that other people in their family don't have, but can still pass them on to their children. It's never 100% conclusive and people did mix and travel around a lot more during certain periods in ancient times then many people may want to believe.
@@bmacedwards1 The 90% replacement is only the male line but it's commonly touted as all. I'm not sure if they know when this 90% male replacement took place either, it could have happened over centuries and apparently there is an effect where the males of a subject group are more likely to produce daughters, it's probably an evolutionary strategy to allow a new dominant group to take over without too much bloodshed by limiting the number of males of the subject group being born each generation and rapidly increasing their own lineages to solidify their rule.
@@damionkeeling3103 Yes, thank you. I agree with you on that and I know about it. That’s why I mentioned it as being true of what he said. That is my R1b dominant male y-line I get from my father’s father’s side , and which most Western European men have, and which 80-90% of Irish and British men have. It is not my Mother’s dominant x-line obviously though, which makes up the other significant portion of dominant DNA I have. Nor is it my father’s mother’s x-line, or my mother’s father’s y-line. So it only accounts for what is dominant and visible in my DNA. Not what is recessive and or hidden.
Some historians in the 18th century believed the Irish were of Phoenician origin. In ptolemys map of Britain and Ireland from 150 A.D the tribe living in northwest Ireland are called venetii (fairly similar)
Interesting video. Have you ever heard of the Belgic language family hypothesis and the idea of the so-called “Nordwestblock”? I was wondering if it also developed out of Northwest Indo-European and may have been sister to Celtic the same way Baltic is sister to Slavic, and indeed the same way Italic is posited to be sister to Celtic. Maybe Belgic was the original Beak-Speak of the British Isles?
A lot of people have been discussing the similarities between Old English and Belgic/Frisian on groups.io in the U-106 category. The thinking is leaning towards this being the original origin since they are almost identical. I am no expert, and I am only an amateur genealogist, but my R-FGC8410 line is North Sea/Frisian and I have learned a lot by reading the conversations.
@@chiladdwhitney4926 I wasn’t very clear in my comment, the Old English and Frisian language is almost identical. There is some speculation that DF96 made its way into Roman Britain with the Belgae mercenaries, so U106 was present all along the North Sea coast. I’m U106 so I have more research in this area. I have U152 lines, but haven’t swam too deep in that pool. Again, I am no expert just an amateur genealogist who has a knack for proving my family surnames are wrong…
u never should compare to much the languages....they are transmitted, people get used to speak another language as like culture habits, sometimes in time of peacly assimilation, sometimes forced etc. if you do that you will assign all folks of mexico to be decendent of first romans or italic people....yes...you will find out that there must have been a contact between mexicans with a latin talking folks....but....than you should start to work out the tesis
My DNA scot,Irish, n Welch is +80% my blood type common in Basques. I'm dark skin, dark curly hair, blue eyed, slim faced, short lil maloney, with de howychon in my tree
I must point out that Irish DNA bares no resemblence to the French or Spanish whom have a MASSIVE amount of "celt" DNA markers, as well as similar markers of the basques. I think its time the irish are stripped of the celtic flag, since there is no evidence that they are. Also to make it worse if we examine celt culture of Gaul and the celts that occupied spain and portugal for god knows howlong, irish so called celtic culture looks NOTHING like it, at all. So how is it the irish get to claim celt heritage?
Basques and Insular Celts aren't close genetically. Basques form their own cluster but are most closely related to Southern French and Northern Spanish. Basques also have less Bell Beaker input than Insular Celtic populations much higher Farmer input and did not speak Celtic languages. They speak a pre-Indo-European language one of the few remaining in Europe.
16:55 _"even at this early date, it was already distinct from Italic"_ Unless the very early Latin was proto-Italic, right? There are two forms of Italic : Q-Italic (Latin and Faliscan) and P-Italic (Oscan, Umbrian). Has any P-Italic been found as early as 700 BC? Btw, is 700 BC from the Praenestine Fibula? When I was taught Latin at university 87-88, this item was considered a recent forgery, argument being that fhefhaked was a bad guess and the real old form would have been fheked.
It was always explained to me as a child of Anglesey that my Edrydd (fore fathers) did not identify as Celtic, but explained it as a custom, or religion, or even fashion to adopt Celtic items and practices, running along side the aboriginal system, a system that was all but invisible. Not twenty miles form my home is a five thousand year old "factory" where hundreds of people worked, probably the largest work site for hundreds of miles, they conversed with each other and with traders who sold the produce thousands of miles away . Pre Celtic, pre Brythonic. The Romans have documented that education was defiantly from "Wales" to continental Europe, not the other way, and that chieftains sent their intelligentsia to "Wales" to be educated.
@@nautilus1872 I think you'll find those are a few thousand years later. Their website should confirm the dates the mines are thought to have been in use (although this may change as they're excavated further). If your interested, there are papers by S. Timberlake and others on the Bronze Age mining in Wales. If you ever get a chance to go up to the axe factory site, ) there used to be a footpath going up to the side of the modern day workings), you'll find a few "humps and bumps" where people in the Neolithic actually sat and flaked the axes. 👍
@@nautilus1872 what I find surprising is that the fort (Pen y Dinas?), on the Orme has not been excavated to establish dating for its first construction phase. If you have a valuable commodity such as copper, and a workforce to excavate it, then one would expect some form of protective measures to be undertaken nearby to shelter and control both. Have you considered the possible extent of the Bronze Age mining on Parys Mountain, which I believe was dated to circa early to middle Bronze Age? I wonder if the Sygun (spelling?) mine opposite Dinas Emrys has been checked for hammer stones etc? Oh, there's an excellent work by William O'Brien on prehistoric copper mining in Europe that's really worth reading.
We have the same games in Norway: running with a trunk while trying to balance it in your hands and throwing it as far as you can. Competition amongst the men. We used to play it on our national day when I was a child. But I haven't seen it be done since then. It's a shame, old customs dying out. I don't know whether it was the Vikings who learnt it from the Celts or whether the Celts learnt it from the Vikings. Only that it is the same 🙂
If anyone wants a clearer picture of Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Gaulish or English, stuff such as the Pyrenees Mountain history can help with the big picture too. I feel my relationship with the topics like this channel's collection because the Basque live close to both Germanic groups and Celtic groups, that's clear if you're able to admit the changes through the years.
Bell Beaker peoples carried Q-celtic language P-celtic was a later development with east flow of bell beaker to Austria from the west and interaction with local tumulus culture
the argument made here is that Bell beaker's spoke early Italo-celtic, and that an early urnfield or late bell beaker influx brought proto celtic, while P celtic originated with the late urnfield or Hallstatt that entered england and wales throughout the early iron age when celtic was first thought to arrive in Britain.
@@celtofcanaanesurix2245 The existence of an Italo-Celtic language at any point in time is very hotly debated. The two groups are definitely similar, but probably the majority view is that the similarities came about by prolonged contact between otherwise unrelated branches of Indo-European due to geographic proximity. You get the same debate about Balto-Slavic languages. The fact that none of them was recorded in writing until at least a thousand years after the putative common stage makes it very difficult to say.
The early 13c scotish treaty of abaroth' to the Pope declaring the independence of Scotland different from that of Anglo-Norman England. The treaty claims that they arrived here around 1000bc as refugees from the Trojan wars around the now Eastern Turkey regions. Also the Welsh treaty of aberconwy' in 1280-81 to the pope also claimed to be of decended from the refugees of Troy.
So Proto-Celtic emerges in the Urnfield culture around 1300 BC and arrives in the isles by 1100 BC, a distant descendant of continental Bell Beakers. Meanwhile the old Bell Beakers (who spoke some sort of Indo-European language) arrived around 2500 BC. Before them Neolithic farmers arrived by 4000 BC -- they built the main parts of Newgrange and Stonehenge. And before them the indigenous Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherer; their distinctive genetic traits appears at least around 25,000 BC in Europe and areas east of it. One thing I find really cool is that archaeology shows that MHG used the Stonehenge area too -- it had spiritual significance even in their time. Similarly, the tradition of Samhain and other Irish Celtic pagan festivals have roots in at least Neolithic times. The sun often shines into passage tombs on these days in addition to the solstices. There are Irish myths about an incestuous relationship between a god and goddess preserving or renewing the sun on the winter solstice -- a possible distant memory of the Neolithic elite class that "kept it in the family" like the Egyptian royals. So even if people and culture shifts, remnants of the old cultures remain. Samhain, in some way shape or form, survived the Neolithic, two major (related) Bronze Age cultural shifts, Saxons, Vikings, British colonization, and others to today. That's pretty impressive. Going back, current DNA evidence suggests how the Neolithic farming cultures absorbed the hunter-gatherer men so thoroughly that the MHG Y-marker became dominant in the Neolithic population. Conversely, Bell Beakers absorbed the Neolithic mitochondrial DNA and replaced the Neolithic Y-markers due to, most likely, being heavily patriarchal. New cultures absorbed the old through gradual colonization or rapid conquest, but memories of the old and their beliefs lived on. Knowing how people are, I have no doubt this is partly due to survivors or descendants preserving what they could through stories and traditions, as an act of resistance. And also partly due to the new culture adopting local beliefs and mixing it with their own. And we still get to talk about it today, so I'd say they all succeeded in being remembered one way or another Considering how ancient DNA tracking is a newer science with small population samples, we would be remiss to assume that the percentages we see now are going to remain the same, or that improved technology won't extract newer percentages and complicate the picture further. Plus, "pure descent" is kinda a bullshit and impossible thing anyway because that's not how genetics work, unless you really like banging your sibling
In some parts of Europe the Bell Beakers mixed with the Neolithic populations but in both Britain and Ireland is was a near completely population replacement.
We know enough about the Scots and Irish to know they migrated from different parts of Europe and the history books suggest that the welsh migrated to Britain during the Celtic expansion before the rise of the roman empire and the welsh where later driven into wales during the angle-Saxon conquest and colonization of Britain and before this the welsh where driving all over Britain by attempts at mass murder and genocide by the roman empire with whole villages having to be abandoned. The welsh are in wales because that was the land the angle-Saxon allowed them to keep.
Historians have claimed that the goth migrated or where driven out of Sweden and the reason for the similarities found in Swedish and gothic metal working that where the main source of the knowledge of the later roman weapons.
@@masterlee9822 Goths came from sea shore centers and islands they moved for better trade opportunities probably heavily trading amber ec I don't expect them to be driven out of Scandinavia by anything except weak trade profits...
I have heard that Rome was invaded and sacked by Gauls/Celts in the early 4th century BC. I wonder if this is a group of Italo-Celts? I have read that there was an invasion to the south into Rome (which was sacked) and then on to the southern (Greek/other) part of the peninsula to Brundisium (modern Brindisi). From there they are said to have sailed to the Eastern end of the Mediterranean with their spoils and to have settled in central-eastern Turkey.??There they became known as the Galatians to whom St. Paul wrote. If that is true wonder whether the term Galitzia (in Romani/Moldavia?) also represents a Celtic immigration in that area, and if so, whether that immigration was independent of or related to the Celtic immigration through Rome and southern Italy. There were still Italian--Celts in the north of Italy near Lake Gards, the home of the
The gauls invasion of Nothern italia ,tirbes came from basically from center of france the main tribes were Senon ,Bituriges ,Lingons and some Carnutes .and for longtime they kept their name and becoming italocelts in north italia .Ironically lot of Caesar' Legionaires were '' italics gauls'' ,The galatians came from Central europe like boiiens and some ''balkanics'' celtics tribes and even from south west of france like Volques tectosages !
The Celtic and Italic languages would have diverged long before that if they even had a common origin. AFAIK the Romans did not recognize or comment on any similarities between their language and culture and those of the Gauls, the Gauls were as distinct to them as Greeks or Germans were, it's modern linguists who have speculated about a link between the two sub-families based on similar features that were only noted when comparative linguistics became a science. If there ever was a common Italo-Celtic language (which is hotly debated, the prevailing view is that the similarities between the two branches stem from prolonged contact later in their history rather than a common origin, other than the shared Proto-Indo-European heritage) it would have disappeared by 1000 BCE at the latest, and possibly centuries before that. Italicized Celts in the historical era were a much later development, again stemming from the close contact between Italians and Gauls in what is now northern Italy and not from any common origin.
@@brucetucker4847 If you think about it, it actually makes sense. Let me explain: Italo-Celtic tribes came from the east, they settled in today’s Austria and Switzerland, some groups migrated south to what is now northern and central Italy, separated by the alps and the Etruscans, the groups that went to the south and the ones that stayed in the north, became more and more separate and so did their languages. This could also explain the genetic similarities between those groups; the Italics and the Celts. Many geneticists catalog them in the same group when it comes to genetic studies, the Italo-Celtic one. Ancient people did not really search connection between their languages, in those times people were very racist against foreign cultures .
brilliant video, Gaelic is a SPORT not a language and never was. it is used to describe things that are Irish but GAEILGE is the Irish language bro, (Gway-il-geh) either that or just call it "irish" but Gaelic is a type of football lol
@@danceswithwolves6841 there’s 2 different words spelt the same and he wasn’t referencing Scottish Gaelic he was talking about Ireland and our language but thanks for your useless opinion that everybody already knew :)
@@danceswithwolves6841 bro are you even from Ireland will u give over! I wasn’t talking about Scotland or anything to do with Scotland I was pointing out an error to do with IRISH culture! make ur own comment on how Scottish peoples’ Gaelic roots were accurately described (and spelled…and pronounced) because Irish peoples’ wasn’t! Which you don’t have a clue about evidently😭😭😭
@samg1879 Are European decent people going to let themselves go the way of the Neanderthals? Just absorbed into the population & wind up just being 2-4% of everyone elses DNA with nothing of their history or culture left? 😑
I’ve tried to explain this on my history channel I sometimes get some push back and sensitivity on the subject. I subscribe to the idea that there is as much a cultural movement as well as the movement of peoples. Linking people by culture, language, art and religion, it doesn’t have to be so linear. Cultures I find are more linked than people realise and putting everyone into neat box’s doesn’t work especially with such hard to pinpoint and somewhat ethereal concepts like are you Celt or Nordic or whatever and where celts proper are concerned it’s hard to say if there was an ethnic Celt or a broad spreading of ideas and culture across what are only modern lines on a map and would have held no meaning to people then. I’m no linguist and I struggle with properly articulating what I’m trying to say sometimes but you did a really good job of explaining some abstract concepts of the spread of language and showing how people and culture move with it.
@@tomjones5431 hey tom, whats new pussy cat!?! its not unusual, but that boy from nowehere, had no lineage, one day soon, it will explode, like a sex bomb, start burnin down the house, leaving the green green grass of home. its like this, a mans mans mans world, taking you home, so essentially yes :)
We are celts until until the next genetic study contradicts this one and the one after that will probably contradict that one so i take it all with a pinch of salt
Genetics plays only part of the role of identity. However, as Gaelic is a Celtic language, they are Celts regardless of immigration from Gaul or not. This is the primary point of the video. This fine tooth combing of European genetics is getting to a silly level in my opinion, trying to sort out such closely related biological groups.
@@FortressofLugh Yes i agree they are celts because of language and culture ,however only a decade ago we(irish) were found to be of primarily iberian neolithic stock and nothing at all genetically to the celts now we maybe or are closely related to the celtic peoples maybe i just an old cynic.
Ireland only just holding on too its Celtic identity , through Irish language by its fingernails great video but need people talking about contemporary issues. Not any criticism of this fine presenter of course
@@jameshazelwood9433 Yes however i was told at christmas that in connemara they are quite a few people who are virtually monolingual irish speakers with poor english in their 40s and so not that old.Doesn't change the national picture ,but nonetheless very surprising
Old Gaulish for horse: "epos" is borrowed from Greek: "hippos" which tells you how long the Gauls were hanging out with the Greeks. The Question is Basque related to Celtic languages and if so how they lose their connections or perhaps they are the last of the Iberian Celtic languages left in Spain?
It's completely the opposite. North Africa, like much of the Arab speaking world outside of the Arabian peninsula, is/was hardly effected genetically by the coming of the Arabs, especially considering that there are literally tens of millions of North Africans that speak the Berber languages in North Africa.
This (1:35) is insane!! This is the first time I've ever heard of this. In Greece, we are never taught of such a battle. The only Battle of Thermopylae we are taught about is the one between King Leonidas and his 300 Spartans and the invading Achaemenid Persian Empire under Xerxes in 480 BC. The one you are referring to is a battle with the exact same name but in 279 BC. When Googling the "Battle of Thermopylae, " I mainly get the 480 BC battle, as if deliberately given less information about my country and the world. Hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
Insular Celts are culturally influenced by a very WHG influenced pre-IE culture. The reason Celtic culture is so vague is because no one can tie the obviously linguistically Celtic Insular Celtic culture (which seems to be pre-IE) with the culturally and linguistically Celtic continentals Celts. Insular Celtic culture features more animals revered in pre-IE culture than animals revered in IE culture.
Well, Hallstat groups settled in the Iberian Peninsula so I don't find it incompatible. The most similar DNA to Irish in Europe is the Asturian one. In fact, I've got genes common in Ireland, Scotland and Wales, as well as in Austria, and the Czech Republic.
@@vitorjpereira2547 I'm afraid you are wrong. Galicia is the are with a very high proportion of Berber DNA. I know that many people love to think of themselves as Celtic, but... Researches show a very high level of Berber DNA which is actually backed by what it is known about their History. When the Arabs crossed to the Peninsula they reserved the richest parts for themselves and gave what nowadays is Galicia to the Berber.. It was a very poor area in that period and a famine arose. The Berber got really upset since they had risked themselves crossing first and considered that the Arabs should give them better lands, so they rebelled, but the Arabs did not want to share their part, hence, they submitted the Berber and sold many of them for the price of a dog to humiliate them. I strongly recommend you to read the research about the DNA in Galicia. It can be found easily, it appeared time ago in El País, I think. Best wishes.
I'm really Welsh and have Iberian and southern Italian in my ancestry as well as a lot of Balkan ancestry... I am a fluent Welsh speaker and always think it sounds so similar to Spanish. I also speak Spanish (not fluent) but I can't believe how this isn't discussed more. Maybe scientifically they are not similar but the sound is so similar. I don't have any DNA from Netherlands or Scandinavia as far as I know. There is a very different culture between Welsh and English. Welsh people are more community orientated and close knit families etc ...in general!! Just a general observation ;)
Welsh formerly P-Celtic is not similar to Spanish it is genetically more distant To the Language of the Gaelic branch which does has more of affinity with Latin Languages.
Just a note on your comment regarding welsh / English culture. Pre industrial England was highly close knit communities, same as Wales. Rural communities in England are still fairly similar in that way too, especially in more sparsely populated areas such as the north. Also, check the Italian immigrant into Wales last century. Not all things are ancient
These DNA tests are a commercial thing, a commodity. I wouldnt trust it too far.I have heard of many with 1 to 5(!)% subsaharan african admixture. The Out of Africa theory vindicated (?!).
Romans scared to death of outlr women as celt woman charged at them some even cut of there breasts for better archery the Romans called us crazy warriors tbf we just minding our own business and everyone trying to Rob us and take our shi
I have had the DNA test and found 7 Ethnicities, but on looking into the histories of my bloods origins, I see myself as 99 percent Celto-Germanic or Germano-Celtic.... I can't break out the individual percentages of these two based on Ethnicity or the nationalties shown in the DNA test...but I do stick with G/C or C/G and I think that basically everyone in Europe is the same, with varying percentages of the two, and small amounts of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern.
Fascinating lecture. Really good counterpoint to the ridiculously narrow interpretation based on genes only. You're comparison with other groupings like Germanic is very apt.
I'm Welsh, as long as I'm not classed as English, I can live with that
I remember seeing Richard Burton on a talk show, in 1961 (I was 18). The other members of the panel kept referring to him as English. As an Irish American (whose name got to Ireland, from Wales, in 1168, I was annoyed. Burton was gracious and erudite but, after an hour or so, he'd had enough. "You've been referring to me all evening, as English. I'm Welsh.
We admire the English...with a cold dislike."
@robertolang9684 errant nonsense
@robertolang9684 the English are 40-60% not Anglo saxon. Meaning they are mostly ancient Briton and celt.
@robertolang9684 Irish actually. But the DNA doesn't lie. To suggest immigrating tribes genocides the native populations is farcical, doesn't hold up to the evidence.
Live a lie if you like, no skin off my nose. But the british isles are an Iberian, Celt, and, in England, Germanic add mixture.
With some Norse thrown in as a smattering along them all.
The languages are Celtic and many customs, stories and traditions are shared not just on both sides of the Irish Sea but also across the Bay of Biscay and Brittany. Also, many places all over that area have names with Celtic origins. The population may not be fully genetically Celt in Ireland just like it's not fully Anglo Saxon in England. Those peoples merged with the local population and their cultures and languages slowly became dominant in their respective territories, also adopting some traits from the previous culture. It happened with the Celts (different tribes or people's in Britain and Ireland), it happened with the Romans, the Saxons, the Vikings... it's normal
Merged or destroyed.
The Bell Beaker people (ancestors of British and Irish), seem to have annihilated the Early European Farmers that came before them, especially in England.
@@manchesterunited4619
The EEF re-colonised Britain about 1000BC.
@manchesterunited4619 Which seems more plausible given the relatively small population sizes at the time.
@@manchesterunited4619 I believe that's a myth that has been disproven. There are other channels where actual historians and professional archaeologists talk about ancient history that provide more data and quote peer reviewed papers in publications made by experts that have said the anihilation of the EEF is only a myth.
@@anxofernandez3344‘m not in a position to prove or disprove anything concerning this matter. But, especially in the western world, history seems to me to become more and more politicized. In recent times Historians seem to prefer a more harmonious, cooperative and peaceful view on the historic process. Some even say that the ancient Roman Empire ( in the west) didnt really decline and vanished but was simply somehow „transformed“ ( into the early middle ages with its Germanic kingdoms). So, no big deal, guys! I would argue that this is heavily biased and has its roots in wishful thinking. „Yes, at the end of the day we are all good and nice people, ready to be peacefully united into ‚mankind‘. There are only a few troublemakers left which can be and must be „reeducated“ „.
A point I'd make is that a genetic marker doesn't necessarily tell you anything about the language the people used, or their material culture. So if talking about "Celts" you'd need to distinguish between a genetic population, a culture (including language) and the material culture. They shouldn't be seen as identical.
Celt Keltoi Roman equivalent farmer ppl of the land .
All I'm saying is that the Celtic language was an Atlantic thing, not Europe wide. Most of Europe was proto German, including eastern Britain, so didn't 'change' by the Anglo-Saxons, but already was 'german' speaking. What is thought 'celtic' culturally is just as much Germanic, & shared across Europe, including the Celts, not primarily Celtic in origin.
@@lloydbeattie9370 That too simplistic. The Romans, & Greeks to some extent, named a wide group of people after the first name they knew for them, sometimes incorporating different peoples under one 'label' ethnically by association. This is not proof of an actual close ethnic or cultural, or even linguistic connection, but more often mere geography. Thus the Romans met a 'tribe' they heard of as Greeks, so expanded this to mean many people in the eastern Mediterranean, who called themselves 'Hellenes', none say 'Greek'. Similarly, they encountered a group they heard as 'German', & then called a large part of Europe & it's people 'German'. Again, in south western Gaul they found 'Keltoi, or Celts, ,'Gauls', & stretched these to cover many peoples. The Carthage area they new as 'Africa' was expanded to cover the whole Mediterranean coast, later even the whole continent. Asia was just Anatolia, now a vast land mass.
Thus what they called people does not prove an accurate marker of ethnicity or linguistic identity.
This is facts brother, its that simple.
"Celt" is not an ethnicity. It is a cultural package.
Too many origin theories around the spread of celtic culture assume a one way street east to west but some studies now suggest this may not have been the case. For example some relious practices may have developed in the British isles and spread eastward i.e.Druids. So I think more needs to be done to ensure therories do not always assume to build on well established models but critically assess the various options before settling on a most likely scenario.
Druid was originally a word from Gaelic speakers Gaeilge language, Draoi, the wise people of the Oak
People also forget how connected Europe was before the bronze age collapse, it probably developed simultaneously like English today in GB, USA, Australia, Canada, India etc
The Gauls in what is now France had driuids. I dont think they were particular to the British. I think of them as closer to shamans or witch doctors than priests like those on Rome. And certainly nothing like the modern romantic preraphaelite idea that wanderb around these days. If Caesar is only half right they were as war like as the rest .
Thank you for doing this one. I've always thought that Irish was much older. Than what the experts were claiming. Keep up the good work brother!
Remains at Tara (Newgrange - in modern day County Meath) date to 5000 years old. Tara/Newgrange is older than than the Great Pyramid. The oldest myths and legends of kings and heroes are of people coming out of Tara. That was the heart of Éire for millennia.
So your instincts are correct. The sons and daughters of Éire have roots going back further than the Egyptians.
Dream on, boy.
Listening to your excellent presentation made me long to be back in college where I studied linguistics and majored in anthropology. Good job and thanks!
You’re lucky to have gone when you did, there are no universities in the year 2024.
17:22 Irish Settlers brought Gaelic to Scotland from Ireland over 1500 years ago and it quickly spread from its initial base in what is now known as Argyllshire. At one time Gaelic was the language of the Scottish court and of the majority of the country's population.
The Irish gaels who brang Gaeilge Gaelic to Scotland and the Isle of man and parts of Wales the Scottish were pics from picland spoke pictish wipe out by the Saxons mac ó MC ní all of Gael Irish blood.. Irish gaels was the first settlers on Iceland too way before vikings 60 percent of Icelandic people share Gael blood. NORSE GAELS
@@Truthwillalwayswinoverlies no offence , but that is drivel. There were no Saxons in early medieval Scotland, the Germanic speakers were Angles, from Northumberland. Secondly, the PICTS were the indigenous people of northern Scotland, they weren’t Gaels or from Ireland and they spoke a language ancestral to modern Welsh
@@derektaylor8830 i think my wife's a pict , shes short lots of tattoos , sometimes speaks a strange language and has warlike moods. I know she loves whiskey and had Wallace for a maiden name. Shes thrown everything at me but a spear. A straight razor once . Yea shes probably a pict . Also my kid died herself blue once , and shes got red hair and talk sht alot. Is there a pictish dna test ?
Scotland essentially means "The land of the Irish"! Scotti was a tribal Roman name for the Irish. Through north Irish and west Scottish kingship and intermarriage (an Irish king married a Scottish princess), a whole Gaelic cross water federation was created, the Dáil Ríada, as Gaeilge (in Irish). That's until the Saisaneach (English, literally Saxons) decided to butt in...
@@SchismaticProductions you completely ignored the Norse, WTF ? Are we gonna pretend McAlpin came from nowhere ? As i can see it the english have tried very hard to de celtify the U.K. so to speak. I wonder what would happen if everybody descended from those places just popped up 1 day and decided to move to London ? Thats diversity ! You got Aussie celts and American Celts and celts from New Zealand etc...theres gotta be 100 million of em. That would take alot of beer.
Always a good day when you post a new video.
The peoples of Northern Spain, Brittany, Wales, Ireland and Scotland all are overwhelmingly Y-DNA haplogroup R1b, most significantly R1b-L21. This haplogroup and its subclades have long been strongly associated with the proto-Celtic invasions during the early Bronze age.
Sorry but that is bullshit pal.
@@davidgreen6490 I'm not familiar with this. Can you explain or give me a source for study? I'm of welsh decent myself.
I don't know why people are denying this 😂 this has pretty much been proven by ancient dna analysis over the past few years. The modern Irish derive the vast majority of their ancestry from the first Indo-Europeans who arrived in the isles.
@@mjhellman7591 No they dont. The Irish DNA profile is almost identical to the rest of the areas of the British Isles. Around 30% pre Celtic invasion, around 20% post Celtic invasion and the rest Nordic admixture from tbe Viking era.
The main difference is that Irish Viking admixture came from Northern Scandinavia, mainly Norway and the British admixture came from southern Scandinavia, mainly Denmark.
To be honest you would find it very difficult to separate a population from Ireland and one from England prior to the modern world wide influx into the UK.
Anyone know which R1b branch is associated with Germanic? I haven't been able to find it.
I'm English,Welsh and Irish and proud of it🎉
Thumbs up. Since you are mixed race, you´re allowed to tell racist jokes.
Is there any part of you that is Scottish?
The flower of scotland
I'm English, Welsh, Scots and Irish and proud of it. Btw that make up is pretty typical for an Englishman
Yes why not .
Excuse me, the map that you used in 17:24 to illustrate what I understand that are the phases of spreading of Bell Beaker culture is probably wrong or obsolete, as it shows a guessed initial spreading from Central Europe. It's origin is now mainly accepted to be in Western Iberian Peninsula. (Of course, it doesn't invalidate the rest of the video at all. This is just a little observation).
@roberto lang A culture has other forms of spreading apart of physical migration and assimilation of other populations. Nowdays it is proved that the Bell Beaker culture developed first in western Iberian Peninsula where the oldest archeological sites vinculated to that culture have been found. Migrations from Central Europe to Iberia could have happened - there is genetical evidence of a very significant one in particular - but they are not connected to the spreading of Bell Beaker archeological culture itself. It is important to understand that expansion processes during Neolithic were more complex phaenomena than they used to be thought in past decades, as new evidence has been found progressively.
This strikes me as 'Single Study Syndrome' where interested/motivated parties take a single paper and blow its significance out of all proportion. Even if there were/are several studies into the genetics of the British population in this quasi pre-historic era their impact what is a multi-disciplinary topic can only be marginal. What we don't know far exceeds what we do and whilst we should not dismiss new work drawing conclusions are hazardous indeed.
It's political shenannigans too, look what they did with Cheddar Man, e.g. Trying to retcon the history to prop up justifications for "migration" and replacement.
@@idjtoal I think that's the 'interested/motivated parties' bit from my post. The study looks solid enough but the conclusions certain people have drawn seem unwarranted. But then it's History and it's always open to revision. If further studies emerge and evidence from other disciplines confirm them then we may have to rethink our positions. But not yet. 🙂
@@ericjames8233 I would agree if it wasn't for the fact that the same reasoning can be used against old knowledge based around a single mistake that collapses when someone finds the flaw that used to be the foundation of all assumptions. It has happened many times before.
@@svenkaahedgerg3425 I think you are agreeing with my point. It's the 'single mistake' that's the issue. If proper scientific rigour had been applied at the time and the results tested against other studies that 'single mistake' would have been discovered. The real problem is confirmation bias - a single study comes out, academics (being human) think the results look right, and it quickly becomes canon. Eugenics is a good example, 'Piltdown Man' demonstrates how easy it is to fool people who want something to be true. Single studies are dangerous if not treated with healthy scepticism.
@@ericjames8233 I agree with you and that is why when you find that flaw being the old foundation for countless following studies it should be reexamined.
What ever we were we definitely have changed somewhat in the past 2000 years. Very good video and thanks from the west of Ireland Geal
Not as much as you may think. Until recently we were largely homogeneous.
@@anniew4105 Yes I agree but the English, Scots, Normans, and even some Viking surnames are quite common today so their influence on us is there all the same. Although less so in the west.
@@spcm6781 and they arent Irish
Very interesting. I also find that language is challenging a lot of archeological based history.
WILSON and BLACKETT have written many books on the history of the BRITTS ,highly recommend due to the fact years of research was done on the subject . enjoyed this vid very much thankyou.
The Irish aren't Britts! The clue is in the name.
@@markkavanagh4457 Perhaps 🤔 they are both. If they live in the British Isles, they could be British.
Ffs 🤦♀️only the English like to be called British
This particular topic is of endless fascination for me! Thank you for your delightful video..from Giuseppe in Cape Town South Africa 🇿🇦🌹😊
Could there be any chance that the Gaulish word "epos" was at some point transferred to the Finns with something like trade connections? We still have "hepo" as a nickname for horse (hevonen). I mean with the Finnish language being quite a time freezer of loan words, Kuningas for example, it wouldn't really be a surprise!
Epos is related to Latin equus where modern equine comes from. It's a widespread Indoeuropean word so could have come from a Germanic language and the wiktionary article suggests it does though it's also close to the Greek version of hippos - hippopotamus 'river horse'.
you look for foreign words in own language instead of looking for Finnish in other, it's a bit odd
@@szymonbaranowski8184why?
@@damionkeeling3103German is a derivative of Proto-European.
So if it’s a PE word, it didn’t come from a Germanic language.
I think it is overlooked, that global sea trade must have had a huge influence on the spread of language, and it wasn't just a gentle spread and diffusion via land, - word of mouth- so to speak.
except the sailors were Celts...
there was a Phoenician colony in England but no blood is traced now, so trade not always change anything
The Celts probably Bell-beaker derived anyway. Just a different strain.
Fantastic. Really well researched.
Very interesting! Love learning more about the Celts.
Gaels
I wonder if in 500 years archaeologists will separate our civilization into the cement-building people, the plywood building, the brick-builders, the log cabin people, or the ceramic vs paper plate people. The way they date things relies heavily on presumptions that I havent seen satisfying proof of.
I think you're on to something.
@@nickp9115 huh
They use "corded wäre" etc because they left no written sources, so archeologists have little better to use.
Also, these people would have lived up to the 1200s BC, so to complete your idea we would be talked about in those terms in 3000 years
They will have video to watch.
Likely there will be a version of a story that goes.. the first little pig built his house out cardboard.. then 2nd pig plywood, 3rd rammed earth and so on...
The Welsh are the true native Brits.
No. There was Bronze age beaker people living here before the Welsh arrived. The beaker people built Stone Henge and had a distinctly different culture.
Are they Picts?
Blasphemy!
@s0ulbr0777 The Irish are beaker people. The beaker people are not actually the original inhabitants. They are from the stepes of russia and are the "caucasian" people. It's true that in the UK the people who built stone henge were wiped out in violent way, but that did not happen in Ireland at all. It's also not sure if the beaker people built stone henge or simply arrived around the time it was finished being built. In Ireland the genetics are actually disputed at this very moment. There are two theories, one is the beaker people peacfully bred with the locals who were there before. The other is that the genetic link between the Irish people and the beakers is coincidental. We base the link on a gene linked to lactose tolerance and the latest study shows that its possible for different groups to evolve this gene when farming improves and they eat more cheese and drink more milk. So its possible the Irish are even older and are in fact the original hunter gathers on the land. The original hunter gathers were wiped out in England, we thought they bred with the beakers in Ireland, the beakers in England may, or may not have built stone henge.. in Ireland it doesnt matter as they either built it or lived happily with the people who did, or it was built by the original inhabitants and the beakers never really impacted the genes in ireland. This is the reason why Irish and Scottish are gentically idnetical, the Picts are genetic brothers of the Irish. the Welsh and English are genetic brothers and are cousins of the Irish/scottish/picts. The celts never came to the islands at all, they were italian and no one ever recorded any visits. The thing is, that the beaker people in England were replaced too by saxons, angles, danes, normans, romans. So were the Welsh to a large degree and parts of scotland too. This is why they have a colonial mentality lacking in Scotland and Ireland, they came to the islands and declared that they owned them. They go to America declare they own it, africa, india. The shame is the scottish and irish got tricked into helping them by believing they were all one in the same and simply delivering civilization to people, when in fact they were wiping civilizations out.
@s0ulbr0777 Egyptian people back then are not the same as the ones ones now. It's possible the beaker people travelled across to North Africa with their pottery then left. We know some people buried in important sites in Egypt back then were totally European genetically. there are a few Egypt stories with the tuta de, being king tut of Egypt leaving and arriving in Ireland. All of these stories were ruled out as Irish people, Welsh, and the rest have no genetic link to modern Egyptians. But then European mummies were found in Egypt and it opens up the possibility that from the pontic step they travelled down to Croatia, out into the sea, landed in Egypt, then set sail again as the heat didn't agree with them, their pottery skills gaining them favour and status in Egypt. Genetically the Welsh are the most distant of everyone on the islands. The Irish and Scots are identical, the Picts their brother. Then the English and the Welsh were brothers, but, the English genes although brothers of the Welsh is closer to the irish and Scottish. Think of the Welsh all having dark hair and eyes l, Vs red head, brown, blonde English. This could be down to the Welsh stopping in Egypt for longer than the rest and following on after. The heat causing the dark melanin producing people to survive better. So, if the Egyptians did impact the islands genes then it means they were European Egyptians, if the Egyptians were not European and were more Arabic, then they did not impact any genes at all.
0:22 discusses genetic findings bearing on the migration of Celtic-speaking people into Ireland, Scotland, and Wales; shows a Neolithic monument built at least 500 years before any Indo-European-speaking people or their ancestors got within 500 miles of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, or England.
Doesn't make sense? What's the credible evidence!? Celtics built those. Monuments
@@pij6277 No, dolmens like that were there before the Celts got there - most built from around 4000 to 2500 BC by the Neolithic people the video talks about being replaced by Indo-European-speaking people, possibly the first Celts. Same with Stonehenge and Newgrange. The fact that they were made by people before the Celts arrived was preserved in Irish mythology.
Fascinating video….Thank You for all your research.😃
Irish really are Celts. Our entire history, language, culture, art and music are all based on Celtic traditions. The 2 are indistinguishable from one another. To be Irish is to be Celtic. Ya know?
Tiocfaidh ár lá 🇮🇪
anglo academia is obsessed with abstracting the word "celt" and insisting that celts aren't real. Always with an agenda of saying that we are like the english. I'll go ahead and say that it's not a magical coincidence that these are the same people who have been oppressing celts for centuries..definitely no bias there (sarcasm).
I'm just across the Irish Sea from you in Scotland, we're a lot alike 🏴🇮🇪
You're living in a neo-celtic era, a late 1800's modern phenomenon. A handy cultivator of nationalism in the era of nationhood.
@@0w784g The only reason why it's a modern phenomenon is because in the age of Globalisation, I feel more a closer connection with my ancient Celtic ancestors than I do with the rest of the world. Let's not forget Ireland is a island. When the British invaded in 1200s they tried to enslave the Irish people for over 700 years. When your people are under attack, that brings the nation closer together because you must help each other, in order to survive. For centuries we had no influence from other nations around the world. It was just us, left to defend for ourselves, the Irish people alone. That's why our identity is cemented and our nationhood is strong here. My ancestors were fierce Celtic warriors. And the fire still burns in me and in the Irish people today. Ya know? 😏🔥🔥
@@StevieObieYT Yes you're a fully paid up mental nationalist, I get it.
@@StevieObieYT The invasion began in the 12th century not the 1200s.
8:38 What other people had jewelry with this style? Its exactlt like Scythian jewelry Ive seen
As a Zimbabwean with British/Scottish and Irish heritage, I am extremely proud and honoured to have the blood of the Brittonic/Gaelic Celts running through my veins. Warrior poets. Healers. Storytellers. Druids. A pure, wise, holy and spiritual people committed to their families, women, beliefs, cultures and ways. To the ways of the Earth and the animals around them.
nice learn a few words (cupla focail) of Gaeilge
Pure? Mmhmm.
@@mercster You look like you could use your vaccines and booster shots. I highly recommend you go to the nearest clinic and get up to date on that.
@@TheEvilOnes666 Get to the sweat-lodge you, and mind your manners when speaking to your betters.
@@mercster I don't have to mind my manners with someone like you. I'm a third degree black belt, and the top of my tae kwon do class. I'll tell you what, I'll go to the sweat lodge after you've gone to the doctors and gotten up to date on your vaccines and boosters.
Since the term Celts really covers a culture rather than a race, yes they are Celts but there are other influences such as Viking also.
Viking, Norman, Anglo Saxon...
it is like many call Deutschland Germany....it would be like call the italians romans .....maybe there is more germanic in north Germany or Scandinavia....the rest is of many slavic, roman and keltic or retians or ilirian tribes,latter mostly romanized ....fact is...we have still here a germanic or there a roman/latin or a keltic descending language...but we are Deutsch or Italian or Irish...and our culture is deutsch, irish or italian or whatever.....and we are not folks which hasnt change since more than 2000 years...we dont make germanic, keltic or roman music.....our music has evolved and many folcloric is typical european from 17/18th centuries...and little is known from music of the original tribes....so for sure you can find everywhere now also traces of germanic, keltic, roman, greek or slavic influence.......but we arte defenitivly not like the "original" old tribes....
Aren't the Norse people who "went Viking (raiding offshore from their homes)" rather than a people called the Vikings?
Pretty much sums it up. There is a whiff of suspicious revisionism in these blown up theories about "Celts being not Celts" (a recent exhibit in Brittany also propagated similar fantasies, despite the fact that Western Bretons share more DNA with insular Celts than any other group). Sorry but if you are familiar with Celtic languages ( among the oldest in Europe), it's easy to see the close relationship between surviving Celtic cultures.
I'm Irish and "celtic" is a fantasy culture from the past 100 years or so. The Irish never self identified as "celts"
It’s getting more and more interesting and every so often I gain a mote of clarity then all sets to spinning again
I definitely consider myself to be a Celt - I was born and raised in Wales. It's the Anglo-Saxons who are the newcomers.
@J Boss Just had my DNA done I'm 55% Irish, 26% Scots 6% Welsh 4% Swedish/Danish and the rest English. Living in the UK I think I can handle all that. Taffbanjo I reckon you're a Celt and we live very near Wales!
@J Boss There's a lot of truth in what you say - I certainly look more Norse than my other brothers (five of them). but in the modern idiom, I identify as a Celt. You are actually wrong - my people were in the British Isles 500 years before the Norselanders ever got here. I have to ask, what do you know of my DNA?
@@missflooze That's pretty much true of a lot of us, I reckon. If these so-called Woke people can choose their sex (NOT gender - that's for parts of speech), then I can choose the ethnicity closest to my heart. Go in peace, brother....
there were not many of them, the genetic testing on English people shows they are all at least 60% Celtic
@@ajrwilde14 I'll have to take your word for it - I'm still happy to speak to Anglo-Saxons, though, cos that's the kinda guy I am.
Cruithen is pronounced krɯNʲ crew-ny’h.
The orthography of Scottish Gaelic does not follow the same as the orthography of English. (Any more than English spelling rules follow French spelling rules). An “h” usually signifies that the consonant before it changes or disappears according to case or tense. And when you get more than one vowel in a row, like the “ui”, the second consonant is also usially a grammatical /syntactical indicator of a potential sound change.
Good work, very clear explanation of some fascinating data.
home or house in welsh is actually, Ty meaning house( also To which means roof), Cartref meaning home
I am French-Canadian of Norman heritage from Rouen Normandy, my haplogroup is DF49 which puts me in Ireland paternally. When I use GED MATCH and mytrueancestry it says I am 97% Celtic which breaks it down as danish gaelic icelandic. It's interesting.
Mate your Canadian be proud your not a celt be proud ov being a yank
@peakyblinder4511 yes, I am Canadian. I've been researching our ancient lines and discovered we came out of the British Isles into Normandy in 944 during the viking age and into Canada, New France in 1635. This is our paternal route.
@peakyblinder4511 when we use the term French-Canadian it just means the early settlers of Canada 🇨🇦
@@peakyblinder4511 Canadians are NOT yanks.
@@InventoryBagNot all early settlers of Canada are considered French-Canadian. That's silly and wrong.
Excellent summation my man. Spot on with what I’ve been reading since the 80s.
There was quite some long distance trading going on during the bronze age. I wonder if proto celtic could have started as a trading language.
When I was in college, that was the given consensus for how Ireland became celtic, we were trading heavily with people from celtic groups and started mimicking aspects of their culture. The example they used was a iron age style celtic sword made of bronze in Ireland (might have been flint, it's been a while) we essentially adopted the culture since it was seen as better and came with benefits in trade and relations or atleast that was the proposed theory on it
In essence this is Cunliffe's thesis, see 'Celtic From The West' volumes 1 to 3 and Koch's working tracing 'proto-Celtic' to Tartessian. This is the Atlantic theory. All the best.
@@monaghangm I believe that Ireland actually invented and exported much of the sword styles, noting that there are more Gundlingen BA swords in Ireland than in mainland Europe. From Ballintober via forms of Ewart Park to Gundlingen think Ireland then what is now Wales, England, Scotland and thence to Europe.
Yes, they are. Not exclusively of course. Mesolithic and neolithic populations persisted. But as in Britain the Bronze Age Bell Beaker Proto Celtic population came in greater numbers and changed the population numbers, culture and language of the islands. Proto Celtic was a Q Celtic language, similar to Latin, and the Q Celtic "Goidelic" languages developed from this population.
Ok……? I was born in Ireland, but raised in the U.S. By my DNA, I have Scandinavian in there, I guess from when Eric the Red popped in for a Guinness on his way through! Hell, I don’t know what I am! ☘️😂
I have no idea how I can identify as being Irish? However my grandmother's last name was Colvin given to her by her father. She and her husband with a name "Mc" and then another additional name close to "murry" raised all their children in rural Oklahoma USA in the late 1800s.
I don't quite get the question, but did you know that if your grandmother was an Irish citizen, you can also apply for Irish citizenship, even if you're not Irish?
Does that help at all?
My paternal haplogroup is in the R1b area (RL21), so basically bronze age people with Celtic lineage which has been traced back and studied heavily. I could probably send a bunch of source links from my 23&me account.
What if all r1b moved to 1 location ?
I am R-L21. Hapogroup to Robert de Brus. Related to the Queen and Diana up to Egypt. Boylen sister Mary. My mom's is King Louis 16th family DNA. I have both sides of royal ancestors. Collins and Carters/O'Neil, Mound of the nine hostages, Tara.
@@fairchild1737 so where should we all move to ?
How far can you go into your family tree ? .very interesting. I personally can go back to to the 16th century. History is great. Thank you.
The 5 Celtic regions are Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Cornwall and Brittany.
You should read the Irish "myth" called
"A Trickle of Water".
It is the story of how the Earth and People were created, how the Gods and Goddesses "Traveled West On A Cloud" and arivved. How they fought off "The Formorians" to extinction. Quite an Interesting story.
Are you talking about the Tuath Dé Danann (Tuath Dé) and their migration to Ireland as told in the Lebor Gabála Érenn? If not, where does the story of "A Trickle of Water" appear? I could find no reputable source for this after a quick online search other than some neo-pagen sites. Thanks.
Neo-pagan and Wiccan counterfeits are not a proper substitute for genuine Celtic myth. If this “A Trickle of Water” story does not have any basis in the medieval Irish and Welsh myths, it is but a forgery.
@@lowlandnobleman6746
Glad to know I am not the only one with common sense.
I don't like "neo-pagans" Who claim to know things, while clearly showing obvious ignorance and lack of resource about the deities they are incorrectly worshipping.
It's like if a guy converted to an indian religion like Shaktism, but did not even learn how to properly pray or chant sanskrit hymns with the proper pronunciation, all the while claiming they are practicing the religion correctly, and even creating fake books with luducrous ideas.
The same criticism applies to wikkans btw...
@@hermescarraro3393 I can't speak to eastern paganism but European neo-pagans come in a lot of varieties. There are historical revivalist neo-pagans who range from trusting anything presented to them to those who are religious scholars and historians. Some neo-pagans have decided that revival isn't possible due to the fact a lot of the practices are inferred and source evidences often come from skewed medieval Christian perspectives.
Some groups are open to anyone and have few rules, some are closed and closer to "secret societies". The practices are almost always less dogmatic like Abrahamic religions and more traditional or have traditional origins. Some consider God's real, some hero's, some just an idea to focus on.
Religion changes, things get dropped, adopted, misinterepreted. Saying "fake books with luducrous ideas" could just as easily describe any religious text.
Aye. Cranks.
9:10 Halstatt culture is named after its meaning 'salt town'' Salt in Welsh is 'halen' and 'stad' means estate(halenstad > halstad) So the Celtic language had already diverged from Proto-Celtic.
Interesting point of view though ancient texts and living site excavation have turned up plenty of artefacts to suggest the Celts did exist and the stories passed down of the battles had to originate from somewhere.
Every story is wrapped in grains of truth as the saying goes.
Not to mention the druidic religious practices that have turned up alot of evidence of how people lived and died in ways that were not typical of ancient people.
What are the battles? And from what stories do they come?
The P/Q difference actually cuts across many IE languages. And language families. That doesn’t imply the “chain” you propose, but something at once larger and more complex, but also perhaps relatively superficial. In fact it persists even in some cognates in different dialects of English.
12:14-12:17 Father in Welsh is 'tad' not 'edrydd'. Tad and Athair are cognate and make sense if sound shifts and the dropping of initial sounds are considered. Father would be a very archaic and stable word in most languages so I was suprised when he said homestead instead of father.🤔
I always see us Scottish and Welsh plus the Irish and also the Cornish as our Celtic cousins! So That’s what I believe to be true!
The study he refers to shows the re-colonisation of Britain by Anatolian farmers. They replaced the Indo-Europeans!
That must be why the British have dark features.
The Irish are Indo-Europeans, often with white skin and blue eyes.
Theory: that is the reason the British find it difficult to get on with Europeans - they're not really Europeans!
Most Welsh don't look Irish - but some do, because a third of them are Irish (from the Irish kingdoms in Wales).
Devon and Cornwall had Irish kingdoms!
Every dna site puts me as 80 British 20 German my family comes from Manchester but I get southern England what ancestry calls south Italian I get same 4 percent as Anatolian or Assyrian Levant on other sites. No record of that in my family is this from the invaders you speak? My phenotype is odd I can't seem to find one that matches I am 6,1 210 pounds brown eyes and hair. Strong build but not like a pure Nordic the only people who seem bigger then me other then some blacks. Ged match puts me as iron age Britain Celtic Britain 90 10 Assyrian I get West Scotland and Argyll often. My mother is a Campbell. Sorry for bothering on. My whole life people say I look Jewish or greek. But none of that in my family at least for 500 years. Is there a video I can watch on this paper? Sorry if typos Amazon fire tablet only gives a tiny response box
@@ryankellypa
I don't know if there is a video on the paper.
But its interesting that half of the Indo-Europeans were replaced by the people that THEY had replaced!
Most of Europe was taken over by Indo-Europeans - except Britain.
I was always puzzled why the British are generally dark-featured, with sallow skin - when they're supposed to be "Anglo Saxons"!
And it might explain their antagonism to Europe.
These Anatolians, I guess, would be providing the base population - so their looks would always be coming through in some way - and it could explain your looks!
@@johnpatrick5307 thanks for the insight. I'm 80 percent r1b around 15 to 16 i1 small percentage of g2 and j1. My family all hails from england and Scotland. Mytrueancestry has me as celt mostly then briton celt then british tribes such as canti dobunni and parisi. I only had a small amount of anglo saxon like 8 percent and some frankish. According to them burials of archers at Stonehenge and Kent and 1 in york are direct ancestors. I really have no idea how I got 4 to 5 percent anatolia. This sheds some light. Thank you. I'll look for this paper.
@roberto lang
What have I got wrong? - I'm only reporting recent findings on Anatolians colonising Britain.
The study if presented in language other than Anglo, could be interesting.
Is this another feature of globalization?
Go raibh mhaith agat, slan go foill as Eireann.
English is best 🙏✊😜
very interesting, and informative and really sums up the whole celtic migration and linguistic issues. excellent
Funnily enough gaul or gall in Gaelic usually means foreigner...
Cymru means foreigner in Saxon , we see it as fellow countryman
Welisc - Saxon for stranger
I believe Gwales (Wales) & Goidhel (Gael) are from the same Germanic root, exonyms both & maybe meaning foreign/bad/wild/other-type people. Could be wrong.
I trace my clan back to the Menapii, a Belgic tribe which fought Julius Caesar. Many of the Gauls were decimated by the Romans. The remainder were made to fight for the Romans against other Celts .The Menapii migrated to Britain settled in Devon then moved on to Ireland. They became the Laigin which became the area known as Leinster.
How did you trace all the way back to then?
Obviously Belgians had tribes from gaul in the region, so its okay for you to claim some celtic heritage since dna can prove it. I will not, however, accept ANY irish, english or anyone in the uk area (although the welsh if any of them, have some right to, but not ALL) to claim celt heritage since there is NO proof, dna wise or linguistically that support the irish being of celt heritage. Their culture bares NO resemblance at ALL to the major celts of iberia and gaul, i mean nothing at all. This gets MANY irish upset, but facts dont really care. Stealing culture is sickening to me. Anyways i digress, you belgians (well not all, the germanic belgians wont get any love from me) but yall Latin Belgians with some celt heritage are cool with me for sure. Its a family and its important to gate keep and keep out the culture vultures like the irish and germans.
@@jonathansoko1085 you just saying words without any proof or evidence to prove your claim. The celts most definitely went to Ireland and the isles.
Jonathan, I am not sure where you get your info from. The Irish speak a Q-Celtic language as opposed to the Welsh who speak a P-Celtic language. An example of this is the word for head. In Welsh the word is pen, in Irish it is ceann. The Belgae spoke continental Celt which became extinct in about 450 A.D. I would surmise that the Menapii unlike other Belgae travelled by sea to Britain then to Ireland to escape the Roman occupation of Gaul. It was around 30 B.C. that most of the Continental Celts we're put to the sword by Julius Caesar. They either escaped to the British Isles by boat, made into slaves, or put to death. The Menapii most likely escaped by way of the North Sea to the British Isles where they were in contact with their kinsmen.
It is quite possible that the derivation of Fermanagh comes from a tribe who settled Fermanagh called the Menapii. This ancient clan of Fermanagh would probably be linked to the Belgic tribe of the same name.
My DNA says I am 74% Celtic. My father's parents are both from Galway, and immigrated to America while my grandmother was pregnant with my father. Per my DNA findings I also have some Norwegian.
This would be Irish dna then not "Celtic". I'm from Galway and 3 Galway grandparents. I don't have "celtic" dna. It's Irish
The Celts was a central European tribe. They traded with the Irish. Ancient Irish people was buried with traded Celtic artefacts. I buy products from China, Japan, etc. That doesn't make me Chinese or Japanese or wherever I my stuff come from.
thank you so much for being unafraid to dig into sensitive history and being willing to share what you find, I love this channel so much. my personal summation is that we all bleed red it doesn't matter where we come from we are all human, but the history and evolution of society as we know it is fascinating from an educational standpoint. cheers from a USA McLane keep fighting the good fight
the welsh ..scots ...irish ..cornish ..and those from gaul and galacia are celts ...end of ...
After your in-depth analysis, I don't think anyone can argue.
@@lc5176 😂
Depends what you mean by celtic,?are the irish indigenous natives yes ,have they a ancient connection to eire ,yes,are they descended in a genetic connection back to the original ancestors ,yes...!
I love the Celts. I have developed such an interest in these amazing and fascinating people. The Celts of Great Britain were an indigenous people who honoured the Earth and animals. A very spiritual people connected to the land and spirit just like the Native Americans, Australian Aboriginals, Africans and Pacific Islanders. Unfortunately most accounts from the Romans depicted them as brutal savages not unlike how mainstream history has treated other indigenous peoples. More studies of these amazing yet misunderstood people should be undertaken.
Migration from the mainland is the best theory, or did they evolve from apes on the island? 🤔. There is a bottleneck in genetics, suggesting all races originate from a small group, thousands of years ago, migrating out of the Middle East. See scythians
@Falk no one asked for your input. Plus the Brittonic celts were very similar to the indigenous in the americas so please respect it.
No. Only the Germanics are indigenous aka "master race"as Hitler told it. All others are Aryan immigrants
@Falk You misunderstood, mate. Indigenous also means people who have a close connection to the Earth. Who are adapted to and live in cooperation with Nature ( not as being native to just one spot. ). Unlike Westernized, modern culture. Celtic Britons were the same as Native Americans, Australian Aboriginals and other peoples who treated the Earth and animals with honour, kindness and respect. People who lived off the land and knew natural medicines to take care of themselves. Friendly word of advice. Please don't call anyone silly for their opinions because you are trying to force your own on them. Thanks
@Falk They indeed put great emphasis on warrior culture, and developed warrior codes and ethos so much more elaborated than ours today (which in fact are non-existent) that we wouldn't even be able to fathom.
But they certainly weren't as "violent" as us modern day folk who invest billions in the creation of weapons of mass destruction, or slaughter billions of animals per day for our mere profit and gustatory pleasure.
There's a fine distinction between being "extremely violent", which is the view your biased eyes have through a lens influenced by your own modern standards of violence and by main-stream depiction of ancient cultures, and having an elaborated warrior culture.
They would take the weapons only if necessary, but at the same time, maybe more often than us today who wallow in comfort and came to a point where we even tolerate the intolerable.
At 5:40 the narrarotor points out the Celtic language entered Britain during the mid to late Bronze Age from Gaul into Southern England. This was before the Angles, Saxons and Jutes changed Alba to Angle-land, or England. At this point Alba and Ireland were becoming Celtic. Proof of this is the Celtic languages covered all of the British Isles. The people who entered the islands from modern day Netherlands followed the shortest boat ride from Europe to the Isles. Obviously they were not Dutch. Probably closely related to Cheddar man. But whoever they were closest to, they were similar to each other and this became more significant after the waves of invasions of Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Fresians. There was major dna replacement into Southeast England from Fresland. The most recent mixing into the Celtic peoples were the Vikings and the Normans. But there's no getting around the fact, the Welsh, Irish and Scots are a Celtic people with a Celtic culture. It's time the religious rivalries take a backseat to the ancient Celtic family ties.
The Scottish aren't Celtic (except in part).
The Welsh aren't ethnically Celt.
Ireland is the only Celtic country.
@@johnpatrick5307 The Irish are probably the most Celtic. But the Scots are fairly diverse and the the Dal Radian Gallic speakers from the West and North West are prob most like the Irish
@@johnpatrick5307 Also, Celtic or not Celtic, all of the British Isles before the Jutes, Danes, Angles, Saxons, Freisians, and Vikings were very similar in that they were tribal croft farmers who lived in a communal kibbutz fashion. I'm not saying they were Jewish, I'm just saying they were early farmers as were the Jewish
@@andymullins84
They are NOT "British" Isles. More Imperialism.
The "Anglo-Saxoms" are a myth .They were actually very diverse people
See: Daily Mail Updown.
The British are actually more Anatolian farmers, who colonised the country about 1000BC,
The British are closer to Spain than Northern Europe.
It is the Irish who are closer to Northern Europe,
@@andymullins84 cornwall/scotland/wales and other parts of england were all celts. it's jist that irish nationalists adopted it as irish and promoted as such.....they wanted to distance themselves from their anglo-norman roots. you are right about gallic tho in scotland. from the frankish regions of europe who settled in scotland.
'tad' or ' dad' is welsh for 'father', and is cognate with 'athair', with an initial harder consonant?
The English are Celtic , this idea that the English ppl have no Celtic roots is bull crap.
Celtic ness is a culture it’s not a genetic marker , England had a “ celtic “ culture and in many ways it still exists
Thanks so much for giving your source papers! Subscribed!
As someone from a different field of study, it is nice to know when the information you are seeing on TH-cam is from peer-reviewed journals or conferences etc. Any chance you can add these in the video descriptions as well so interested people can follow up?
Absolute rubbish, this is false information, read Steven Oppenheimers work for the truth. 🤙
Just because a group of peoples agree on an certain thing does not mean what they agreed upon was fact
Very nice video, I've appreciated the conclusions a lot.
However, this video is not taking in the account that inscriptions in Lepontic language were found in the archaeological context of the Golasecca culture, which arose from the Cangrate culture dated to the XIII century BCE. Thus, it is likely that those people spoke a Celtic language, possibly even a P-Celtic language, already in the XIII century.
As for Italic languages, it should be noted that Sicles, who in the VI century BCE wrote using an Italic language (likely a Sabellic dialect) (Jonathan Prag, "The indigenous languages of ancient Sicily", 2020), invaded Sicily during the XIII century BCE, as shown by archaeological findings. This suggests that at least part of the peoples living in the Italian peninsula during the LBA already spoke Italic languages. Most likely, Indo-European languages entered in Italy at the end of the Copper age (about 2200 BCE) as bearers of the Bell Beaker culture. This is also suggested by genetic data, indicating the end of the Copper age as the moment in which the genetic heritage from the Pontic steppes entered in Italy.
Finally, I would recommend to read the article by Patterson et al., Nature 2021 very carefully, because the authors made no claims over Ireland as they had no genetic data coming from the Irish MBA, LBA and IA periods. Moreover, also Olade et al., Nature 2018 made no claims about Ireland, again because they had no genetic data from that island. The claim about "a minimum of 90 ± 2% local population turnover by the Middle Bronze Age" was made only about Britain, not Ireland. I know that a previous study by Cassidy et al., published on PNAS in 2015 may suggest that the turnover caused by the bearers of the Bell Beaker culture also affected Ireland, but I strongly suggest to avoid making strong conclusions from that study, because it analyzed just three Irish early bronze age samples. Again, no Irish MBA, LBA and IA samples. Although the haplotypes of the three Irish EBA genomes can be found mainly in today's Ireland, Scotland and Wales (Fig. 3 of Cassidy et al.), this means nothing in terms of the structure of the Irish Bronze Age population. It is well possible that a consistent group of migrants arrived in Ireland from continental Europe after the Bell Beaker people, as they seem to have done in southern Britain, but at the moment there are no data to support or disprove such hypothesis. It is also possible that a small group of foreigners took control of Ireland for some times during the bronze age, leaving enduring changes in the Irish culture but leaving no descendants in the modern population, similarly to what happened for the Hungars during the Middle ages. We simply do not know.
Sorry to hear you suffered from Covid. I got it for New Years and had no ill effects at all. But I lost my sense of smell for 5 days. I'm an Australian of mixed Scottish, Irish and Welsh background. 100% Aussie but interested in my heritage. Nice doco.
well load your test results no yourdnaportal calculator mdlp 7 and it will tell you what you are if you are halsttat and la tenne peoples tribes
Aboriginal people are 100 % from this place you are newcomer
Your not 100% aussie if you have mixed backgrounds. Lets ignore logic yay
I once had a dog with no nose.
@@robertrobski1013 Aussie in culture.
Great video, thank you. I am inclined to agree with all or almost all of it. For me, a really interesting question is: why were the Celtiberian & Gallaecian languages still Q-Celtic, despite being continental? Were they just more conservative descendants of Proto-Celtic, being at the fringes of Celtic Europe? Was there some sort of sprachbund that affected Gaul and Britain but not Ireland and Spain? Did Goidelic come from northern Spain? (Seems unlikely, even if there was a small and late migration from NW Spain, as suggested by Irish mythology).
Fascinating. Thank you for this video. Very interesting.
According to studies done by Oxford University the Welsh are genetically distinct from the rest of Britain and still retain a lot of the oldest DNA in Britain, it came here accross the land bridge that connected Britain to Europe at the end of the ice age... in fact all the 'Celtic' areas of UK were genetically different from each other showing we're not talking about one homoginous group that came here.
Secondly, we have to be careful to remember 'Celt' was not a specific group, it comes from the Greek 'kelti' that was used to describe all the taller lighter people of Western Europe.
Celts WERE a specific group - as identified by Julius Caesar.
@@johnpatrick5307 no, they weren't, "Celt" is from the Greek and Latin words "Keltoi" and "Celtae" and was a broad term used for all people that spread across Europe and the Iberian Peninsula. it simply means foregner or barbarian. to suggest Gaels, Gauls, Britons, Irish and Galatians were an homogenous group is absurd, it is just factually and historically inaccurate, these groups would identify as their tribe, not as "celt"
@@-heathen-3622
I never said that.
Caesar wrote that the Gauls called themselves "Celts".
The study shows that the Indo-European British were colonised by Anatolians - including the Welsh.
@@johnpatrick5307 no, they didn't, there isn't a single source to support that claim.
The "dd" is pronounced as a soft "th".
I have a semi fictional account if the Melesian (sp?) Migration from Gaul to Ireland. The Phoenicians likely traded with these people.
People also migrated from North to South to avoid the harsh winters, returning to avoid over crowding. Lemmings do the same thing: they reach a critical mass population, and the leave for less crowded environments, until the cycle repeats. Same with people. Going by language, is not the smoking gun we think it is, imo. It changes too fast. We see the same phenomenon today. Many more indicators need consideration.
Tbc.
I've visited all Cetlic areas in modern times. There are vey clear traces of it in the Barcelona area, which took me by pleasant surprise. I see many similarities in Riverdance style and Flaminco dancing in the footwork they do.
Putting the pieces together should be conducted in a multi-diciplinary way, imo. The French spoken in Monaco has a very Italian accent, which is smooth and quite beautiful to my ears.
Monaco was a Greek colony, as was Marseilles and Nice and a few other cities along the French Mediterranean coast.
Yes, I agree with a lot of what you are saying. He kind of left out the pre-Celtic Neolithic and earlier Western Hunter Gather peoples and their genetics, whom all originally colonized Ireland and Britain. He made it seem like they are non-existent, or were completely wiped out, which is not true. There is more Neolithic/Pre-Celtic DNA present on the native female lines in Ireland and Britain then the male lines and this is primarily in the form of dominant phenotypes and haploid groups. He is correct though, in that Irish and British native "men" show a lot more Indo-European Celtic DNA which is some of the most limited male diversity in Europe. His main argument in this video was to prove that Irish and British peoples "really" are related to mainland Celts. So he seems to have deemphasized the Pre-Celtic natives who do have some genetic traces nowadays, which probably related more so to Iberian/Phoenician/Mediterranean type peoples like you are suggesting. They were definitely most likely non-Indo European peoples. Not all genes are dominant in the phenotypes of modern people but they can be hidden in the genotype...
I am from the West Coast and Southwest of the U.S.A. I've done my own DNA tests and know my family history fairly well. I am around 97% Irish/British native gene pool with more dominance on the Irish then British side. My Dad's family is known to be only Irish and Welsh. My Mom's side is known only to be mostly a well rounded Brit with some Irish and German. For some reason I have a small percentage of Spanish/Portuguese DNA which is more then my German DNA even though nobody knows of any recent ancestors from there. My Mom is about 11% German while I am 0.10%, but I do have 1.3% Spanish/Portuguese. Strangely my Mom and my sister do not have any Spanish DNA but my Dad shows up with a small but similar proportion of Greek ancestry DNA and no Spanish ancestry DNA either, and none of the rest of us have Greek DNA. I have since found out that this is because individuals can present certain traits of specific hidden ancestors, which may not be present for many generations. Direct full blood siblings can have different percentages of different ancestries just like they can have different physical traits such as hair color. My point is that it is still a mystery to some extent, even with modern DNA. So I agree with you. Certain people can probably display traits of long dead ancestors that other people in their family don't have, but can still pass them on to their children. It's never 100% conclusive and people did mix and travel around a lot more during certain periods in ancient times then many people may want to believe.
@@bmacedwards1 The 90% replacement is only the male line but it's commonly touted as all. I'm not sure if they know when this 90% male replacement took place either, it could have happened over centuries and apparently there is an effect where the males of a subject group are more likely to produce daughters, it's probably an evolutionary strategy to allow a new dominant group to take over without too much bloodshed by limiting the number of males of the subject group being born each generation and rapidly increasing their own lineages to solidify their rule.
@@damionkeeling3103 Yes, thank you. I agree with you on that and I know about it. That’s why I mentioned it as being true of what he said.
That is my R1b dominant male y-line I get from my father’s father’s side , and which most Western European men have, and which 80-90% of Irish and British men have.
It is not my Mother’s dominant x-line obviously though, which makes up the other significant portion of dominant DNA I have. Nor is it my father’s mother’s x-line, or my mother’s father’s y-line. So it only accounts for what is dominant and visible in my DNA. Not what is recessive and or hidden.
Some historians in the 18th century believed the Irish were of Phoenician origin. In ptolemys map of Britain and Ireland from 150 A.D the tribe living in northwest Ireland are called venetii (fairly similar)
Did I just hear some music from one of the greatest JRPG's of all time, Xenogears? Starts around 14.30 ish.
Interesting video. Have you ever heard of the Belgic language family hypothesis and the idea of the so-called “Nordwestblock”? I was wondering if it also developed out of Northwest Indo-European and may have been sister to Celtic the same way Baltic is sister to Slavic, and indeed the same way Italic is posited to be sister to Celtic. Maybe Belgic was the original Beak-Speak of the British Isles?
A lot of people have been discussing the similarities between Old English and Belgic/Frisian on groups.io in the U-106 category. The thinking is leaning towards this being the original origin since they are almost identical. I am no expert, and I am only an amateur genealogist, but my R-FGC8410 line is North Sea/Frisian and I have learned a lot by reading the conversations.
@@chrishamlin6905 the Belgae had a U-152 Y Haplo predominance . Pockets in Belgium today have the highest occurrence outside of The Alpine regions .
@@chiladdwhitney4926 I wasn’t very clear in my comment, the Old English and Frisian language is almost identical. There is some speculation that DF96 made its way into Roman Britain with the Belgae mercenaries, so U106 was present all along the North Sea coast. I’m U106 so I have more research in this area. I have U152 lines, but haven’t swam too deep in that pool. Again, I am no expert just an amateur genealogist who has a knack for proving my family surnames are wrong…
u never should compare to much the languages....they are transmitted, people get used to speak another language as like culture habits, sometimes in time of peacly assimilation, sometimes forced etc. if you do that you will assign all folks of mexico to be decendent of first romans or italic people....yes...you will find out that there must have been a contact between mexicans with a latin talking folks....but....than you should start to work out the tesis
The fact that the Basques also have a close genetic connection with the Insular Celtic population is also significant.
My DNA scot,Irish, n Welch is +80% my blood type common in Basques. I'm dark skin, dark curly hair, blue eyed, slim faced, short lil maloney, with de howychon in my tree
I must point out that Irish DNA bares no resemblence to the French or Spanish whom have a MASSIVE amount of "celt" DNA markers, as well as similar markers of the basques. I think its time the irish are stripped of the celtic flag, since there is no evidence that they are. Also to make it worse if we examine celt culture of Gaul and the celts that occupied spain and portugal for god knows howlong, irish so called celtic culture looks NOTHING like it, at all. So how is it the irish get to claim celt heritage?
@@brendamaloney-gutierrez5916 Im gonna need some proof, ive encountered many so called celts online who openly lie
Basques and Insular Celts aren't close genetically. Basques form their own cluster but are most closely related to Southern French and Northern Spanish. Basques also have less Bell Beaker input than Insular Celtic populations much higher Farmer input and did not speak Celtic languages. They speak a pre-Indo-European language one of the few remaining in Europe.
„Linguistic weeds“ -> pleasure of some right here! 🤘🏻💕 love the video!! Thanks so much!!!
16:55 _"even at this early date, it was already distinct from Italic"_
Unless the very early Latin was proto-Italic, right?
There are two forms of Italic : Q-Italic (Latin and Faliscan) and P-Italic (Oscan, Umbrian). Has any P-Italic been found as early as 700 BC?
Btw, is 700 BC from the Praenestine Fibula? When I was taught Latin at university 87-88, this item was considered a recent forgery, argument being that fhefhaked was a bad guess and the real old form would have been fheked.
It was always explained to me as a child of Anglesey that my Edrydd (fore fathers) did not identify as Celtic, but explained it as a custom, or religion, or even fashion to adopt Celtic items and practices, running along side the aboriginal system, a system that was all but invisible. Not twenty miles form my home is a five thousand year old "factory" where hundreds of people worked, probably the largest work site for hundreds of miles, they conversed with each other and with traders who sold the produce thousands of miles away . Pre Celtic, pre Brythonic. The Romans have documented that education was defiantly from "Wales" to continental Europe, not the other way, and that chieftains sent their intelligentsia to "Wales" to be educated.
Yes the Gaulish tribes sent they're sons to be taught ,Anglesey the Oxford University of its day
I'm assuming that "factory" was the Neolithic axe factory above Penmaenmawr?
@@nautilus1872 I think you'll find those are a few thousand years later. Their website should confirm the dates the mines are thought to have been in use (although this may change as they're excavated further).
If your interested, there are papers by S. Timberlake and others on the Bronze Age mining in Wales.
If you ever get a chance to go up to the axe factory site, ) there used to be a footpath going up to the side of the modern day workings), you'll find a few "humps and bumps" where people in the Neolithic actually sat and flaked the axes. 👍
@@nautilus1872 what I find surprising is that the fort (Pen y Dinas?), on the Orme has not been excavated to establish dating for its first construction phase. If you have a valuable commodity such as copper, and a workforce to excavate it, then one would expect some form of protective measures to be undertaken nearby to shelter and control both.
Have you considered the possible extent of the Bronze Age mining on Parys Mountain, which I believe was dated to circa early to middle Bronze Age? I wonder if the Sygun (spelling?) mine opposite Dinas Emrys has been checked for hammer stones etc?
Oh, there's an excellent work by William O'Brien on prehistoric copper mining in Europe that's really worth reading.
Welsh people educating others what a joke, you are the aboriginees of Britain, you had no written language before the Romans.
Absolutely fascinating! Great video! Thank you! I just joined your channel!
We have the same games in Norway: running with a trunk while trying to balance it in your hands and throwing it as far as you can. Competition amongst the men. We used to play it on our national day when I was a child. But I haven't seen it be done since then. It's a shame, old customs dying out.
I don't know whether it was the Vikings who learnt it from the Celts or whether the Celts learnt it from the Vikings. Only that it is the same 🙂
Either is possible but as far as I know it was only the Highlanders who played this game so they may have got it from the vikings.
Both sides of my family originated in Normandy. In 1066, one settled in Sussex, the other in Ireland.
I would love to know more…
but surely every single person in england can say that they had ancestors who originated in normandy.
@@garyinspain well I live in the US, so…
Madden is an Irish name.
Outstanding video and take on the latest paper on the subject. Superb.
If anyone wants a clearer picture of Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Gaulish or English, stuff such as the Pyrenees Mountain history can help with the big picture too. I feel my relationship with the topics like this channel's collection because the Basque live close to both Germanic groups and Celtic groups, that's clear if you're able to admit the changes through the years.
Very well done video, I’ve harbored similar thoughts myself
Bell Beaker peoples carried Q-celtic language P-celtic was a later development with east flow of bell beaker to Austria from the west and interaction with local tumulus culture
the argument made here is that Bell beaker's spoke early Italo-celtic, and that an early urnfield or late bell beaker influx brought proto celtic, while P celtic originated with the late urnfield or Hallstatt that entered england and wales throughout the early iron age when celtic was first thought to arrive in Britain.
@@celtofcanaanesurix2245 better argument than anything that so far exists.
@@celtofcanaanesurix2245 The existence of an Italo-Celtic language at any point in time is very hotly debated. The two groups are definitely similar, but probably the majority view is that the similarities came about by prolonged contact between otherwise unrelated branches of Indo-European due to geographic proximity. You get the same debate about Balto-Slavic languages. The fact that none of them was recorded in writing until at least a thousand years after the putative common stage makes it very difficult to say.
@@celtofcanaanesurix2245 And Scotland, P celtic was once the language of scotland too.
@@celtofcanaanesurix2245 Bell Beakers spoke Proto Indoeuropean not Italo-Celtic as that was much later.
The early 13c scotish treaty of abaroth' to the Pope declaring the independence of Scotland different from that of Anglo-Norman England.
The treaty claims that they arrived here around 1000bc as refugees from the Trojan wars around the now Eastern Turkey regions.
Also the Welsh treaty of aberconwy' in 1280-81 to the pope also claimed to be of decended from the refugees of Troy.
So Proto-Celtic emerges in the Urnfield culture around 1300 BC and arrives in the isles by 1100 BC, a distant descendant of continental Bell Beakers. Meanwhile the old Bell Beakers (who spoke some sort of Indo-European language) arrived around 2500 BC. Before them Neolithic farmers arrived by 4000 BC -- they built the main parts of Newgrange and Stonehenge. And before them the indigenous Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherer; their distinctive genetic traits appears at least around 25,000 BC in Europe and areas east of it.
One thing I find really cool is that archaeology shows that MHG used the Stonehenge area too -- it had spiritual significance even in their time. Similarly, the tradition of Samhain and other Irish Celtic pagan festivals have roots in at least Neolithic times. The sun often shines into passage tombs on these days in addition to the solstices. There are Irish myths about an incestuous relationship between a god and goddess preserving or renewing the sun on the winter solstice -- a possible distant memory of the Neolithic elite class that "kept it in the family" like the Egyptian royals.
So even if people and culture shifts, remnants of the old cultures remain. Samhain, in some way shape or form, survived the Neolithic, two major (related) Bronze Age cultural shifts, Saxons, Vikings, British colonization, and others to today. That's pretty impressive.
Going back, current DNA evidence suggests how the Neolithic farming cultures absorbed the hunter-gatherer men so thoroughly that the MHG Y-marker became dominant in the Neolithic population. Conversely, Bell Beakers absorbed the Neolithic mitochondrial DNA and replaced the Neolithic Y-markers due to, most likely, being heavily patriarchal.
New cultures absorbed the old through gradual colonization or rapid conquest, but memories of the old and their beliefs lived on. Knowing how people are, I have no doubt this is partly due to survivors or descendants preserving what they could through stories and traditions, as an act of resistance. And also partly due to the new culture adopting local beliefs and mixing it with their own. And we still get to talk about it today, so I'd say they all succeeded in being remembered one way or another
Considering how ancient DNA tracking is a newer science with small population samples, we would be remiss to assume that the percentages we see now are going to remain the same, or that improved technology won't extract newer percentages and complicate the picture further. Plus, "pure descent" is kinda a bullshit and impossible thing anyway because that's not how genetics work, unless you really like banging your sibling
RFO!!!
In some parts of Europe the Bell Beakers mixed with the Neolithic populations but in both Britain and Ireland is was a near completely population replacement.
Excellent explanation. From a linguistic perspective a LBA expansion of Proto-Celtic into the British Isles and Iberia from Gaul makes perfect sense.
We know enough about the Scots and Irish to know they migrated from different parts of Europe and the history books suggest that the welsh migrated to Britain during the Celtic expansion before the rise of the roman empire and the welsh where later driven into wales during the angle-Saxon conquest and colonization of Britain and before this the welsh where driving all over Britain by attempts at mass murder and genocide by the roman empire with whole villages having to be abandoned. The welsh are in wales because that was the land the angle-Saxon allowed them to keep.
See 'Celtic From The West' volumes 1 to 3. Also Koch's book linking Tartessian to proto-Celtic. All the best.
Historians have claimed that the goth migrated or where driven out of Sweden and the reason for the similarities found in Swedish and gothic metal working that where the main source of the knowledge of the later roman weapons.
@@masterlee9822 Goths came from sea shore centers and islands
they moved for better trade opportunities probably heavily trading amber ec
I don't expect them to be driven out of Scandinavia by anything except weak trade profits...
I have heard that Rome was invaded and sacked by Gauls/Celts in the early 4th century BC. I wonder if this is a group of Italo-Celts? I have read that there was an invasion to the south into Rome (which was sacked) and then on to the southern (Greek/other) part of the peninsula to Brundisium (modern Brindisi). From there they are said to have sailed to the Eastern end of the Mediterranean with their spoils and to have settled in central-eastern Turkey.??There they became known as the Galatians to whom St. Paul wrote. If that is true wonder whether the term Galitzia (in Romani/Moldavia?) also represents a Celtic immigration in that area, and if so, whether that immigration was independent of or related to the Celtic immigration through Rome and southern Italy.
There were still Italian--Celts in the north of Italy near Lake Gards, the home of the
The gauls invasion of Nothern italia ,tirbes came from basically from center of france the main tribes were Senon ,Bituriges ,Lingons and some Carnutes .and for longtime they kept their name and becoming italocelts in north italia .Ironically lot of Caesar' Legionaires were '' italics gauls'' ,The galatians came from Central europe like boiiens and some ''balkanics'' celtics tribes and even from south west of france like Volques tectosages !
The Celtic and Italic languages would have diverged long before that if they even had a common origin. AFAIK the Romans did not recognize or comment on any similarities between their language and culture and those of the Gauls, the Gauls were as distinct to them as Greeks or Germans were, it's modern linguists who have speculated about a link between the two sub-families based on similar features that were only noted when comparative linguistics became a science.
If there ever was a common Italo-Celtic language (which is hotly debated, the prevailing view is that the similarities between the two branches stem from prolonged contact later in their history rather than a common origin, other than the shared Proto-Indo-European heritage) it would have disappeared by 1000 BCE at the latest, and possibly centuries before that.
Italicized Celts in the historical era were a much later development, again stemming from the close contact between Italians and Gauls in what is now northern Italy and not from any common origin.
@@brucetucker4847 If you think about it, it actually makes sense.
Let me explain: Italo-Celtic tribes came from the east, they settled in today’s Austria and Switzerland, some groups migrated south to what is now northern and central Italy, separated by the alps and the Etruscans, the groups that went to the south and the ones that stayed in the north, became more and more separate and so did their languages.
This could also explain the genetic similarities between those groups; the Italics and the Celts.
Many geneticists catalog them in the same group when it comes to genetic studies, the Italo-Celtic one.
Ancient people did not really search connection between their languages, in those times people were very racist against foreign cultures .
brilliant video, Gaelic is a SPORT not a language and never was. it is used to describe things that are Irish but GAEILGE is the Irish language bro, (Gway-il-geh) either that or just call it "irish" but Gaelic is a type of football lol
It’s called Gaelic in Scotland
@@danceswithwolves6841 there’s 2 different words spelt the same and he wasn’t referencing Scottish Gaelic he was talking about Ireland and our language but thanks for your useless opinion that everybody already knew :)
@@catosullivan6790 just pointing out the ignorance in your comment, but everybody already knew 😂
@@danceswithwolves6841 bro are you even from Ireland will u give over! I wasn’t talking about Scotland or anything to do with Scotland I was pointing out an error to do with IRISH culture! make ur own comment on how Scottish peoples’ Gaelic roots were accurately described (and spelled…and pronounced) because Irish peoples’ wasn’t! Which you don’t have a clue about evidently😭😭😭
@@danceswithwolves6841 it's gallic in scotland..
With the level of global migration into Ireland it will soon be pretty immaterial whether they are regarded Celtic or not.
Disgustingly true, and all without a fight
@samg1879 Are European decent people going to let themselves go the way of the Neanderthals? Just absorbed into the population & wind up just being 2-4% of everyone elses DNA with nothing of their history or culture left? 😑
Ummm Britain is already 10% non-white but let's focus on Irelands 2% non-white population 🤡
@@samg1879If only there were more people like you willing to stand for idiotic causes
Wah wah wah I don’t like darker skinned people
Before I watch:
What exactly would a Late Bronze Age migration be IF NOT Celts migrating into the British Isles?
I’ve tried to explain this on my history channel I sometimes get some push back and sensitivity on the subject. I subscribe to the idea that there is as much a cultural movement as well as the movement of peoples. Linking people by culture, language, art and religion, it doesn’t have to be so linear. Cultures I find are more linked than people realise and putting everyone into neat box’s doesn’t work especially with such hard to pinpoint and somewhat ethereal concepts like are you Celt or Nordic or whatever and where celts proper are concerned it’s hard to say if there was an ethnic Celt or a broad spreading of ideas and culture across what are only modern lines on a map and would have held no meaning to people then. I’m no linguist and I struggle with properly articulating what I’m trying to say sometimes but you did a really good job of explaining some abstract concepts of the spread of language and showing how people and culture move with it.
in a nut shell, celts britonic, every one else, is an illegal immigrant, because they never got there passports stamped!
@@tomjones5431 hey tom, whats new pussy cat!?! its not unusual, but that boy from nowehere, had no lineage, one day soon, it will explode, like a sex bomb, start burnin down the house, leaving the green green grass of home. its like this, a mans mans mans world, taking you home, so essentially yes :)
Good for your efforts 😂the rise of waters effected. Traveling
@@Timetraveler1111MNlol we have 1,000 illegal immigrants a day at dover, it should have been 1/2 mile deeper and 20 miles wider ;) lol
Dont worry about push back from the people of the british isles. It's just a game, sometimes deadly, but don't worry about it too much.
We are celts until until the next genetic study contradicts this one and the one after that will probably contradict that one so i take it all with a pinch of salt
Genetics plays only part of the role of identity. However, as Gaelic is a Celtic language, they are Celts regardless of immigration from Gaul or not. This is the primary point of the video. This fine tooth combing of European genetics is getting to a silly level in my opinion, trying to sort out such closely related biological groups.
@@FortressofLugh Yes i agree they are celts because of language and culture ,however only a decade ago we(irish) were found to be of primarily iberian neolithic stock and nothing at all genetically to the celts now we maybe or are closely related to the celtic peoples maybe i just an old cynic.
Ireland only just holding on too its Celtic identity , through Irish language by its fingernails great video but need people talking about contemporary issues. Not any criticism of this fine presenter of course
@@jameshazelwood9433 Yes however i was told at christmas that in connemara they are quite a few people who are virtually monolingual irish speakers with poor english in their 40s and so not that old.Doesn't change the national picture ,but nonetheless very surprising
@@FortressofLugh It's fun though so long as people don't take it personally.
Fascinating! Your content always intrigues me and challenges my worldview/preconceived notions
Old Gaulish for horse: "epos" is borrowed from Greek: "hippos" which tells you how long the Gauls were hanging out with the Greeks. The Question is Basque related to Celtic languages and if so how they lose their connections or perhaps they are the last of the Iberian Celtic languages left in Spain?
😏 The "greeks" obviously????? didnt steal/copy the CELTS? 🤔😏
@@WWG1WWGA NO and SORRY about your problem. Hippos or Epos is likely an Indo European word in origin which it means it predates EVERYONE WEST of ASIA.
I like to use Arabization In North Africa to the Celtification of Britain. As analogy.
It's completely the opposite. North Africa, like much of the Arab speaking world outside of the Arabian peninsula, is/was hardly effected genetically by the coming of the Arabs, especially considering that there are literally tens of millions of North Africans that speak the Berber languages in North Africa.
@@DemetriosLevi literally what I was saying.
This (1:35) is insane!! This is the first time I've ever heard of this. In Greece, we are never taught of such a battle. The only Battle of Thermopylae we are taught about is the one between King Leonidas and his 300 Spartans and the invading Achaemenid Persian Empire under Xerxes in 480 BC. The one you are referring to is a battle with the exact same name but in 279 BC. When Googling the "Battle of Thermopylae, " I mainly get the 480 BC battle, as if deliberately given less information about my country and the world. Hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
Insular Celts are culturally influenced by a very WHG influenced pre-IE culture. The reason Celtic culture is so vague is because no one can tie the obviously linguistically Celtic Insular Celtic culture (which seems to be pre-IE) with the culturally and linguistically Celtic continentals Celts. Insular Celtic culture features more animals revered in pre-IE culture than animals revered in IE culture.
@J Boss The Gauls under Brennus called themselves Celts.
Well, Hallstat groups settled in the Iberian Peninsula so I don't find it incompatible. The most similar DNA to Irish in Europe is the Asturian one. In fact, I've got genes common in Ireland, Scotland and Wales, as well as in Austria, and the Czech Republic.
@Miack Mihie Asturian in Spain not Austrian
Don't forget Galicia. We do the bagpipe jig too now lol.
@Miack Mihie celts from austria migrated to asturia in spain
The Most Similar DNA to Irish In Europe Is The Scottish one.
In Continental Europe are The Bretons(France). ;)
@@vitorjpereira2547 I'm afraid you are wrong. Galicia is the are with a very high proportion of Berber DNA. I know that many people love to think of themselves as Celtic, but... Researches show a very high level of Berber DNA which is actually backed by what it is known about their History. When the Arabs crossed to the Peninsula they reserved the richest parts for themselves and gave what nowadays is Galicia to the Berber.. It was a very poor area in that period and a famine arose. The Berber got really upset since they had risked themselves crossing first and considered that the Arabs should give them better lands, so they rebelled, but the Arabs did not want to share their part, hence, they submitted the Berber and sold many of them for the price of a dog to humiliate them. I strongly recommend you to read the research about the DNA in Galicia. It can be found easily, it appeared time ago in El País, I think. Best wishes.
I fuppin' love these videos. Good work man!
I'm really Welsh and have Iberian and southern Italian in my ancestry as well as a lot of Balkan ancestry... I am a fluent Welsh speaker and always think it sounds so similar to Spanish. I also speak Spanish (not fluent) but I can't believe how this isn't discussed more. Maybe scientifically they are not similar but the sound is so similar. I don't have any DNA from Netherlands or Scandinavia as far as I know. There is a very different culture between Welsh and English. Welsh people are more community orientated and close knit families etc ...in general!! Just a general observation ;)
Also shorter and darker
I'm learning Welsh and it does not sounds Spanish at all :|
@@childrenofthesun471 Well it was a very long time ago. Also thinking more Catalan than Spanish
Welsh formerly P-Celtic is not similar to Spanish it is genetically more distant
To the Language of the Gaelic branch which does has more of affinity with Latin
Languages.
Just a note on your comment regarding welsh / English culture. Pre industrial England was highly close knit communities, same as Wales. Rural communities in England are still fairly similar in that way too, especially in more sparsely populated areas such as the north.
Also, check the Italian immigrant into Wales last century. Not all things are ancient
I did my DNA test recently and it turns out I’m 110% Celt
The Celts were obviously bad at maths
@@andym9571 Loved language, though, according to Tacitus. Peerless punners.
These DNA tests are a commercial thing, a commodity. I wouldnt trust it too far.I have heard of many with 1 to 5(!)% subsaharan african admixture. The Out of Africa theory vindicated (?!).
Romans scared to death of outlr women as celt woman charged at them some even cut of there breasts for better archery the Romans called us crazy warriors tbf we just minding our own business and everyone trying to Rob us and take our shi
Oh right so your originated from central Europe.
I have had the DNA test and found 7 Ethnicities, but on looking into the histories of my bloods origins, I see myself as 99 percent Celto-Germanic or Germano-Celtic.... I can't break out the individual percentages of these two based on Ethnicity or the nationalties shown in the DNA test...but I do stick with G/C or C/G and I think that basically everyone in Europe is the same, with varying percentages of the two, and small amounts of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern.
what dna test did you do?
Fascinating lecture. Really good counterpoint to the ridiculously narrow interpretation based on genes only. You're comparison with other groupings like Germanic is very apt.