i'm paying thousands of dollars to go to school only for me to come to TH-cam and get a clear 5 minute explanation on something I've been struggling to understand for days.
Shame that you don't do more videos. I'd have definitely subscribed to you if you had more videos. I feel like this is, without a doubt, one of the best explanations I've seen of an XOR Cipher.
At 04:40 you begin showing how you can get the key by xor'ing the before and after but I'm confused as to why this matters? To get c from é surely you would need to know the key anyway? Otherwise how would you know c was the correct result?
Actually now I think about it a bit more, although I don't have any cryptography knowledge so I'm probably wrong... I guess if you were trying to crack an encrypted string and you were able to identify like 2 or 3 digit words like "to" for example you could xor "to" with what you thought might be to and use the result to xor the rest of the string to see if it makes sense?
How do you recover a message? The Vernam encrypting messages using encryption key MOREM. The ciphertexts are C1=MAOEE and C2=RTITR which are obtained by Vernam encrypting messages M1 and M2. The encryption messages are two names. m1,1= R and m2,4=T. Please assit - I am trying to understanding how to recoverthe messages.
Question - Not clear on how you find the correesponding encryption key. For example 'Mario' and it is at bit level - M=011, A=000, R=101, I=010 and O=100. The ciphertext is 'AOAMV'. How do you find the key using the XOR function?
So what you need to do is take that cipher text - "AOAMV" and the word "MARIO", convert them both into their bit sequences, then XOR the two together. The result will give you they key that you originally encyphered MARIO with.
@@CharlesLaing This assumed you actually know what the message is though. If you don't know either message but know that two messages uses the same key, how would you find the key when a second message reuses the same key?
This is a bit late to the party, but just so if anyone else comes here wondering the same thing, I'll answer it. The reason you'd be able to find out the key, is if you knew it was an XOR Cypher. IE, using say, "c" like he had before: 01000011 - c 11101001 - é if you have the original message , and then you see the encrypted message, you can figure it out if it was only an XOR Cipher. Let's say that you were given a message that was properly decrypted with the key because you were allowed. Then all you'd have to do from there, is try to open up the message intentionally WITHOUT the key so you'd receive the encrypted message. From there, you'd be able to figure out the cipher key because of how the algorithm works. IE, there are 4 scenarios that appear with an XOR Cipher 0 ^ 0 = 0 1 ^ 1 = 0 0 ^ 1 = 1 1 & 0 = 1 since we have both letters for the encrypted and the decrypted, it stands to reason that the key is what you find between them for making c decrypted to become é in the first place if every letter converts with the same pattern. That's why XOR Cipher isn't safe to use on its own. Regardless of that, even if you didn't have the decrypted message, you can still guess potential letters / characters based on the above scenarios. Example, if we end with é, we can guess things about the key for every "0" in the encrypted letter, we know that the key and the non-encrypted letter are the same. This allows us to map out potential relationships between the key and the unknown original letter. It's a heck of a lot simpler to translate these scenarios than something like: 2asp,~9034=: for instance.
kill cap well, you might find one file that is encrypted (or a part of it) that you do know while it is not encrypted, with just the length of the key worth of (sequential) encrypted file data, you can recreate the key
that's why we create a random key, and encrypt that with another key obtained from the password and store the encrypted key in the file somewhere and decrypt it first, and use it to decrypt the actual data with. Sine you only encrypted the key with your actual password, there are much less ways to now get this random key, without the password
I sat down and tried it, my result doesn't make much sense. The result is "(2 W" The space isn't a space it's a character called Start Of Heading which doesn't have a printable form The answer to the riddle is the letter x
i'm paying thousands of dollars to go to school only for me to come to TH-cam and get a clear 5 minute explanation on something I've been struggling to understand for days.
You're literally the only one on youtube who could clearly teach this to me...Thanks a lot man!!!
100% Agree
finally a clear explanation of this
thank you so much
You have done what pages of my "dry outdated yet assigned" cryptography book couldn't. Thank you.
Nicely
Explained
Shame that you don't do more videos. I'd have definitely subscribed to you if you had more videos. I feel like this is, without a doubt, one of the best explanations I've seen of an XOR Cipher.
Thanks, life always gets in the way
@@CharlesLaing I can definitely understand that. Take care of yourself.
I stucked at the Overthewire Natas CTF, and i want to know what XOR-Encryption is. You made this so clearly.. Thank you!!
Thank you so much! I was doing a school project on data encryption and this video helps me a lot in explaining things to my professor.
Fantastic video. Thank you for explaining this in a way that instantly clicked. Cheers!
Thank you! Finally a clear, easy to follow explanation of XOR
Nicely done my man, very easy to follow and you didn't go over the top with diagrams. Keep it up!
you've explained what no one else on the internet could, i would bake you a cake
What kind of cake?
@@CharlesLaing red velvets really nice, whatever is easiest i spose
This is the best explanation I’ve seen. Thank you 🙏🏾
omg! thank you for actually explaining this. thank youuuu
Thank you very much! The best explanation I found! Keep it up!
Thank you for explaining this!! Other XOR videos just confused me.
Lovely much appreciate continue the good work
At 04:40 you begin showing how you can get the key by xor'ing the before and after but I'm confused as to why this matters?
To get c from é surely you would need to know the key anyway? Otherwise how would you know c was the correct result?
Actually now I think about it a bit more, although I don't have any cryptography knowledge so I'm probably wrong...
I guess if you were trying to crack an encrypted string and you were able to identify like 2 or 3 digit words like "to" for example you could xor "to" with what you thought might be to and use the result to xor the rest of the string to see if it makes sense?
thank you, this is so useful to understand xor cipher
This was actually very helpful video, God bless you
Glad it was helpful!
I am struggling a lot with finding explaining of xor-based hash function. But, i really like your video anyway!
Thanks for making this very easy to understand.
Very lucid explanation, thanks!
Very good at teaching this cipher. Thank you!
Best explanation. Extremely good video!! nice
Dude you are my hero 🦸♂️ I hope if you read this you are having a great day
Thanks man. I appreciate it.
How do you recover a message? The Vernam encrypting messages using encryption key MOREM. The ciphertexts are C1=MAOEE and C2=RTITR which are obtained by Vernam encrypting messages M1 and M2. The encryption messages are two names. m1,1= R and m2,4=T. Please assit - I am trying to understanding how to recoverthe messages.
Good video! Makes a lot more sense now.
Glad it helped!
awesome thank you for a perfect example with why/how.
Question - Not clear on how you find the correesponding encryption key. For example 'Mario' and it is at bit level - M=011, A=000, R=101, I=010 and O=100. The ciphertext is 'AOAMV'. How do you find the key using the XOR function?
So what you need to do is take that cipher text - "AOAMV" and the word "MARIO", convert them both into their bit sequences, then XOR the two together. The result will give you they key that you originally encyphered MARIO with.
@@CharlesLaing tutte is that you?
@@CharlesLaing
This assumed you actually know what the message is though. If you don't know either message but know that two messages uses the same key, how would you find the key when a second message reuses the same key?
@@KodakYarr I've got this question a lot. Maybe I'll do a video on it .
Fantastic explanation! Thanks!
You’re a lifesaver!
So XOR gives 0 if both digits are the same?
quick and very nice explain thx
This was excellent
thanks for cutting the bullshit. Learning about this in my master. Video broke it down so easily
Amazing Video
great.. Thanks
Thank you so so so much!!!
Thank you!
Thanks a million!!
good explanation
Goog job bro
thank you so much
How to find out what is the key? That's what's missing. I would want to know ^^
This is a bit late to the party, but just so if anyone else comes here wondering the same thing, I'll answer it.
The reason you'd be able to find out the key, is if you knew it was an XOR Cypher. IE, using say, "c" like he had before:
01000011 - c
11101001 - é
if you have the original message , and then you see the encrypted message, you can figure it out if it was only an XOR Cipher. Let's say that you were given a message that was properly decrypted with the key because you were allowed. Then all you'd have to do from there, is try to open up the message intentionally WITHOUT the key so you'd receive the encrypted message. From there, you'd be able to figure out the cipher key because of how the algorithm works.
IE, there are 4 scenarios that appear with an XOR Cipher
0 ^ 0 = 0
1 ^ 1 = 0
0 ^ 1 = 1
1 & 0 = 1
since we have both letters for the encrypted and the decrypted, it stands to reason that the key is what you find between them for making c decrypted to become é in the first place if every letter converts with the same pattern. That's why XOR Cipher isn't safe to use on its own.
Regardless of that, even if you didn't have the decrypted message, you can still guess potential letters / characters based on the above scenarios. Example, if we end with é, we can guess things about the key for every "0" in the encrypted letter, we know that the key and the non-encrypted letter are the same. This allows us to map out potential relationships between the key and the unknown original letter. It's a heck of a lot simpler to translate these scenarios than something like:
2asp,~9034=: for instance.
so how do you get the awnser if you don't know the key?
kill cap well, you might find one file that is encrypted (or a part of it) that you do know while it is not encrypted, with just the length of the key worth of (sequential) encrypted file data, you can recreate the key
that's why we create a random key, and encrypt that with another key obtained from the password and store the encrypted key in the file somewhere and decrypt it first, and use it to decrypt the actual data with. Sine you only encrypted the key with your actual password, there are much less ways to now get this random key, without the password
wait that last part is not true, but we can fix this by encrypting the data with the first key, then with the second key.
the second key being the random one
i just figured out file encryption
Thank you so much but can explain about 3D
Thank you
DLE GS DC4 DC4 ETB
key-
Alone I am 24th,
with a friend I am 20,
another friend and
I am unclean.
what am I?
I sat down and tried it, my result doesn't make much sense.
The result is "(2 W"
The space isn't a space it's a character called Start Of Heading which doesn't have a printable form
The answer to the riddle is the letter x
@@inx1819 sorry about this, I'm a noob at this, i probably did something wrong.
I understand this, but how would you decrypt this?
imgur.com/a/vUDXN38
Thanks man
4:00 zero, zero, zero...
Sounds like a blaster 🔫
Thanks!
RESPECT
My head has a headache. 0010110**turndownscreenbrightness**010111
best video
Who is learning this for games?
👏
Class :)
fuck yes
Nice one
Thank you