The Origins of the Israelites
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 19 พ.ค. 2024
- In the first episode of our series on Ancient Israel and also Judah we are joined by Dr. Aren Maeir who guides us into the controversial and heavily debated origin or origins of the Ancient Israelites.
He discusses the scholarship on the subject such as:
Did the Israelites develop out of the Canaanite populations?
Did they migrate in over time? If so, then from where?
Or is the answer both? Did natives and migrants eventually come together to form a distinctly different group?
We also talk archaeology, ancient DNA, dietary laws, primary sources for the earliest evidence of the Israelites outside of the Bible and so very much more.
We also discuss thought provoking topics such as:
Is the term Israel derived from a pagan Canaanite deity?
How should we view the Old Testament when studying history?
Can we use both the term Israelite and Hebrew interchangeably?
But as we leave off Dr. Maeir reminds us to be cautious of how we use results from ancient DNA studies while reminding us how often the results get misconstrued.
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Missing you big time. Your Spirit is still here guiding us with some insights.
Missing who? What did I miss? Who died?
@@leopasour Nick Barksdale , the founder of the channel. I hope his family, and everyone with SAMA has an enjoyable holidays.
The guy in this video? SAMA I think is a suicide thing? May he RIP I enjoy this channel but am new. The creator life is harder than alot of people think. To anyone else out there thinking of taking their own kife, dont you are loved.
I'm pretty sure he died from sepsis/heart failure. He had kidney failure and reoccurring pneumonia.
@@SamtheIrishexan He DID NOT die from suicide.
Watching this series for the third time. Still one of the best on YT. Sending love to Nick's family. He is so missed.
When did Nick die?
It's a real tragedy. I'm so sad for his family
I think one could learn from someone who wasn't discussing his own family background.
Where do you get info that he has died?
@@boxcutter0Google. He had been very sick for awhile
I really enjoyed your discussion! Along with the introductory music and illustration throughout. Thank you both!
Dr. Maeir packs a lot of information into just 40 minutes. Excellent interview.
Very informative. Excellent presentation. Pretty much covered everything. Good job
Thanks. Interesting and enjoyable. Keep up the great work
Sadly he has past away. But his succesors stil keep the channel running.
It's not myth that the gods have communicated with mankind through our history. The true and good Alohiam is the only one you would want to hear from regularly.
thanks for posting. a clear eyed non partisan view of the era using our best current scholarship. thumbs up
Non partisan? Dude full of bullshit.
@@coachjones6104 Which part is "bullshit," as you so eloquently put it?
Very timely video! I have a test in a few days on this exact subject. It's nice to hear the reiteration of what I'm already learning. Helps it stick a little better. Thanks for the great content!
You’re most welcome! And thanks for your comment and support!
ALL LIES GOD NAMED JACOB ISRAEL WHICH IS ISAAC’S SON AND ABRAHAM’S GRANDSON THE TWELVE TRIBES COMES FROM HIS TWELVE SONS!!!! ISRAELITES ARE A NATION OF PEOPLE NOT A RELIGION!!!
22 And the children struggled together within her; and she said, If it be so, why am I thus? And she went to enquire of the Lord. 23 And the Lord said unto her, Two nations are in thy womb, and two manner of people shall be separated from thy bowels; and the one people shall be stronger than the other people; and the elder shall serve the younger. 24 And when her days to be delivered were fulfilled, behold, there were twins in her womb. 25 And the first came out red, all over like an hairy garment; and they called his name Esau. 26 And after that came his brother out, and his hand took hold on Esau's heel; and his name was called Jacob: and Isaac was threescore years old when she bare them. 28 And Isaac loved Esau, because he did eat of his venison: but Rebekah loved Jacob. 30 And Esau said to Jacob, Feed me, I pray thee, with that same red pottage; for I am faint: therefore was his name called Edom. 31 And Jacob said, Sell me this day thy birthright. 32 And Esau said, Behold, I am at the point to die: and what profit shall this birthright do to me? 33 And Jacob said, Swear to me this day; and he sware unto him: and he sold his birthright unto Jacob. 34 Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentiles; and he did eat and drink, and rose up, and went his way: thus Esau despised his birthright. (Genesis 25:22-26 KJV)
@@lirep6102 wtf are you talking about?????????
10 And God said unto him, Thy name is Jacob: thy name shall not be called any more Jacob, but Israel shall be thy name: and he called his name Israel. 11 And God said unto him, I am God Almighty: be fruitful and multiply; a nation and a company of nations shall be of thee, and kings shall come out of thy loins; 12 And the land which I gave Abraham and Isaac, to thee I will give it, and to thy seed after thee will I give the land. (Genesis 35:10-12 KJV)
Finally someone explains the difference between culture and genetics. So many people dont understand that...
For example in my country Serbia a lot of people cant accept the fact that genetically we are connected a lot with old balkan tribes, but with migrations of Serbs and other slavic tribes a slavic culture became dominant.
That doesnt mean that all of our ancestors came to the balkans during the slavic migration or that all of our ancestors lived in the balkans before the migration. We are a mix of everyone, but the culture that became dominant was Slavic/Serbian....
Yeah the same is in morocco between berber/arabic.
Thats why Serbs, Croats, and Bosnians are primarily Haplogroup I2a, and Bulgarians, Macedonians are split between I2a and J and E1b1a, whereas most other Slavic peoples are overwhelmingly and predominately Haplogroup R1a, minus Northwest Russians who are split between R1a and N. Some people of course are R1a but its only the 2nd or 3rd most common in the area of the former Yugoslavia depending on area, and 3rd or 4th in Bulgaria. Overwhelmingly and close to over 50% of Balkan males are I2a. What does that mean? They were two distinct populations at one time and they simply adopted the Slavic language, absorbed some of the invaders, but their local I2a Y DNA remained predominate. There is a theory that the Serbo-Croatian language and Slavic culture that led to the South Slavic culture originated in what's now the border area of Germany and Poland, having migrated there previously from the Slavic Urheimat near the Eastern Poland and the Baltics, and they are related distantly to the Sorbians whom call themselves Serbi, and live mainly in Germany, but also Poland today, they also call themselves Wends, the theory is some migrated conquered the local Balkan peoples or brought the language with trade or farming etc., and then their culture became dominant, but the genes remained more local. The languages due to isolation branched into another group of Slavic languages, similar to how North and West Germanic languages split but like them share a common origin. The Bulgarian and Macedonian Slavic languages were originally related to that population but their population are almost entirely local Balkan peoples I2a and have significant influence from Turkic, Iranic, Greek, Dacian, and Scythian peoples and J and E1b1a predominate after I2a. The Slavic language became dominant but the people took the name of a Turkic tribe that ruled over them the Bulgars. Similar to how in Hungary the ruling class were Hunnic people related to the Xiongnu of China, but the people took the language of Uralic Urgic migrators/invaders part of this Hunnic coalition invading group whom also included some Germanic peoples and Iranic Scythian type peoples whom despite being Iranic speaking have a gene profile more like Slavs than modern day Iranians, the common people are themselves are primarily of Slavic and Germanic mixed stock with minor Finno-Urgic, Turkic, Dacian, and Hunnic admixture DNA.
These people's were sea peoples traders. Same as today. Chapters. Abra was a woman who got children with ham. Alexander the great. Abraic culture mixed with all races.
Reuben , laid with Jacob concubine. Jacob had 11 boys and one girl . These children had to married the ancestors. Solomon Saul , Reuben , Benjamin was black they had different races don't let me go to far. Some of them was travelers around the sea of Galilee. Solomon had 1000 wives he fell asleep in his sins.So we have to except our ancestors messed up.
Joseph was Germany , Read 1 Samuel 8-10 chapters. Jesus came out of Ruth and Boaz Ruth in the days of Moses herod tried to kill all the babies boys in that day because Jesus ancestors was hiding from the Nazis . Harod 😭 Rebecca and Isaac grandchildren Rachel was terrific for her children dying .Jacob and Esua .
I’ve been watching this channel for a while now. I appreciate the historical information that’s brought out.
😆😅🤣😂🙃
Lol
Who were the HYKSOS?
@@CharlesSeay the Shepherd Kings who conquered lower Egypt (Nile delta). I think this occurred sometime around 1400BC, possibly earlier.
@@3rdeye671 charles thinking that Hyksos are ISRAELITES.
this was awesome. Thanks so much.
You’re most welcome, thanks for watching!
Your intros always remind me of what it may have been like....in Jericho...
I was hoping this would start with Noah’s three sons and their lineage. We know the Ashkenazi are from Japheth’s lineage and are not Shemitic or from Shem’s lineage. So what happened to Shem’s lineage or the blessed Shemites and Hamites?
Because white washing 🙄
Bra let them tell their lies, it's all the 👿 knows.
They are continuing whiting out everything,wit their lies, it's funny too watch them carry on,these😈 are a lie and the truth just not in them, wow, the jig been up and now their sweating 🥵 😈😈
In just learned that Nick Barksdale passed on, and so young. He was so cool. God bless his family.
So many fuzzy edges and mushy definitions as we weave together the history we find in bits and pieces into a more modern comprehensive narrative. I find comfort in that.
Like I have settled on the idea that the battle of Kadesh was a draw, no matter how many many extensive and contradictory records may have been written by Hittites and Egyptians.
We can only have 'certainty' of a thing until new information is presented!
Wow. What a great new find.
New sub!
The ancient symbols of many ancient nation can be traced back to cosmic events!
Bryant Wood reviewing the pottery dating of Kathleen Kenyon for destruction layer including the upper wall of Jericho collapsing concluded that the date for the pottery was around 1400 BC/BCE. Apparently the upper wall of Jericho collapsed and overflowed the lower wall of Jericho making a ramp up the lower wall. This date kind of fits with the narrative that Amenhotep II's first born, the prince, died unexpectedly and that he was the Pharaoh of the Exodus/Moses. And 40+ years later, Joshua began the conquest west of the Jordan at Jericho.
The debate about a violent conquest, a small migration, an indigenous growth and a conclusion of a mixed origin reminds me of the debate of aryan invasion in india. I am fascinated by the idea of it being kick started by migrations within Canaan itself following the collapse of the First Egyptian Empire during the Bronze Age Collapse, which led to greater autonomy in the Levant. The chaos of this period is similar to what happened in the Greek Dark Ages and would explain the complexity of the twelve tribes.
Aryans in India didn'T come from anywhere.
@@punchipoint8457 Yes, they did. The evidence is overwhelming. Sorry if your nationalist and racist propaganda says otherwise.
💯 %. It’s like lights goes off and when it comes back on people have stories of magical things happening to claim land and righteousness. It’s the recipe for cults to start (100 years before they become religion. “Difference between cult and religion is 100 years.” It’s the time and disconnection. Reason North Korea considers their leader divine and a God is because they are disconnected from the world that could tell them they are deluded, which to be fair we are all deluded one way or another.
But to be fair Judaism is a religion like all others of the ancient world that simply filtered through to the new world thanks to the relevance Christianity gave it. Despite how bad Christianity has been to the people historically, it’s been very important and necessary for the ideology to survive and grow. When the 2 major religions of the modern world point to one ancient tribal religion its value increases. Reason Zoroastrianism (much bigger ancient religion) only has 200K followers today but Judaism has 15 mil. So fascinating how evolution plays out.
Also “40 years” for a new generation that did not see the sea split moves in from the mountains or dessert is very conveniently a story. It’s telephone game.
@@punchipoint8457 YES they DID. recent genetic evidence PROVES BEYOND A DOUBT the Aryans were a result of European steppe people migrating and replacing the local male population with r1b1, your people descend from Europeans, get over it. You can thank us for giving yall the culture to build your civilization 😂😂
Thank you. Great channel! Subscribed.👍
I like studying ancient cultures. What I have noticed when checking dna of buried people it was found many various ethnicities. This makes sense if we look at different countries we can usually find varieties of people. I believe the same principles are with Jewish also.
Years ago I was watching a program about Jewish history were it was suggested they originated in Mesopotamia now days Iraq. The epic of Gilgamesh describes world flood which closely resembles Noah’s flood in the Bible
They picked up the flood myth during the 1st Babylonian exile. Much of the old testament and specifically genesis was written during that period. The exiled jews likely had documents from the fallen kingdom of Israel and ancient texts and oral history from Judah. My theory is once exposed to the ancient zoroastrian religion and stories like the epic of gilgamesh, they were compelled to seriously write down their myths and incorporate them into the wider mythology of the region. Likely needed at a time where the elites were no longer in the Levant and also acted as a way to keep the exiled elite jews from losing their culture and identity. In whole they definitely weren't from messopatamia but much of the Bible was written there and inspired by stories like the Epic of Gilgamesh
We Tamils have our sangam literatures which specifies that South Indian Tamils traded with the kingdom of Israel during the reign of Solomon like tusks of elephants,turmeric,peacocks... scholars should look for evidences in Tamil literatures also....
There has still been major difficulties within scholastic arguments with respect to trade relations and extent. The best evidence with respect to trade and idea concepts seems to be iconography,. Eg: one of the persistent iconographic symbols of ancient Egypt is that of the upraised Cobra.
The cobra is not native to Egypt, it is native to India so to use such iconography, must indicate a transfer of concepts between the two cultures. The same holds true of other commercial items such as Frankincense of which the largest source is still in the Afar region of Ethiopia or gemstone from Afghanistan. The evidence has always been there for consideration but has been ignored. The same holds true for the recent evidence of Cocaine in the hair shaft tests done on ancient mummies from Egypt. There can be many sources that can corroborate the narrative of a true history that have yet to be examined or are being ignored.
Unfortunately there has been much confusion as to a proper. Timeline of evidence and narrative based against preconceived notions. Some of this is being dispelled but much is still to be accomplished.
With respect to the concept within this video, that the formation of Israel was occurring during the Bronze Age collapse, becomes ludicrous.
Even the recent report given by Eric Cline of the DNA evidence of the Philistines, ,indicated that there’s a presence from eastern Iberia ( Spain) does need to be considered in the narrative as the Tin mines there would have been greater and more accessible over water than a land route from Afghanistan even if it were through an Indian trading route. More especially, because such a route would not have been affected by the Sea Peoples. There also does not seem to be as yet any evidence of overland trade route between Afghanistan through Megiddo, making a Tamil water route more likely. During the time element involved ( the end of the Bronze Age) it is more likely that the breakdown of the nominal Mediterranean empires would have left another power vacuum into which Israel could come into its own as a power structure especially with the resources of major copper mines in the southeastern region of the Dead Sea Valley. This copper has been metallurgically analyzed and has bot a high concentration of both lead and arsenic. This is another though less durable form of Bronze. Such would be the source of wealth into Israel and a reason for Tamil trading. With possibly very early Iron coming from Tamil sources.
@@walterulasinksi7031 Thank you for a comprehensive explanation! Peace
, Thank you, for your consideration, it is unfortunate when while attempting to make scholastic considerations either lack of evidence or learned biases can turn into a form of conceit, exhibiting a denial of additional evidence due to such bias. It is only when we resist such bias, that it is possible to allow entry of new datum to coalesce within an existing structure that greater strides can be achieved. This is especially important when attempting to give an understandable construction to a time, little understood with respect to causation and having almost no direct evidence. It is only possible to advance speculation to incite more research within accepted disciplines.
@@avtaras It would be interesting for the Chanel if you would make a contribution of the Tamil narratives regarding the interaction with the Mediterranean region for the time period under consideration. While even if the material is limited, the contribution would still add to the overall picture. There are not many that can read ancient Asuka era Sanskrit and even if of later origin, anything that can add to the knowledge of historical consideration of World dynamics.
Tamil
Murugan/Mars is the God of the bible.
Very interesting, thank you. I am fairly new to delving into history and origins so excuse me if this is an ignorant statement/question. The discussion regarding where the Israelites originated from made me wonder. I wonder if they are better described as originating from a connected nomadic group prior to leaving that life to a settled/location based group??? I thought this because the presenters seemed to accept they originated from several areas in the region. Also, the word 'Israelites' when used by Egypt, seems to be in the context which describes the habit of the people rather than a derived location??? Finally I thought the wandering in the dessert points to a people who were comfortable with a nomadic lifestyle???
Just some thoughts, I would welcome any clarifications or views.
The word "Israelites" (or any cognate) was never used by the Egyptians. In fact there is nothing whatsoever in Egyptian sources about any of the events recounted in Genesis and Exodus.
Well, its' thought, from an academic standpoint, that "Hebrews" or "Israelites" weren't actually, originally "one people" or one genetic cluster, as the biblical narrative suggests. Meaning, it wasn't likely began by 12 sons of a guy named Jacob, nor were they and the rest of the regions populations likely the descendants of a guy named Abraham , nor is it likely that the people of the Afro-Eurasian sphere were descended all from 3 sons of a guy named "Noah". This is all, almost certainly, mythology.
Now the mythology likely served an important purpose, to unify, to create one people out of many disparate people with shared experience.
Ancient Egypt, who ruled over the Levant, prior to the Bronze Age collapse, around 1200 BCE or so let's say, had numerous colonies. As did the Hittites, Minoans, Assyrians, Sabaeans, Babylonians, Persians and so on. Really, all the major civilizations of the time had colonies. And while this isn't particular to Egypt, Egyptians certainly did not like having to live or work in the "colonies". So much like the Greeks, Romans and most other Empires, whether contemporaneous or after, they would hire mercenary soldiers, workers, bureaucrats, artisans and so on from outside Egypt, to live and work in those colonies. Thus, the Levantine would have been populated by Canaanites, Phoenicians, and other similar indigenous groups, along with the many hired to run and stabilize the area for Imperial Egypt. There also would have been merchants and businessmen from all over and so on. Many, along with the soldiers, diplomats, priests, and those working for Egypt, would have married and started up families, local Canaanite women, or women from surrounding regions of Mesopotamia, Anatolia/Caucasus, Ethiopia, Egypt, Persia and maybe even India and so on. Some of them possibly multiple generations living and working in Canaan. Marrying into the same extended Canaanite families and eventually forming a unique culture.
This culture, think of a place like Singapore, or maybe more accurately an Empire like the Ottomans, who used a great many "foreigners" to run its empire. Like the broadly Balkan Janissary. That culture would have had influences largely from Egypt, Canaan, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, but really, with influences from many places, peoples and faith practices. And thus, many different mythologies, religions, legends, customs and so on, not all necessarily meshing. And at this point there were still Philistines and many other small ethnic groups living in greater near East region.
Thus when the Bronze Age collapse occurred, Egypt withdrew from Canaan, packed up and left. Which meant there would have been, well, I suppose many hundreds if not a few thousand people, from a diverse array of regions, now established and settled in Canaan. They would have been very interconnected, again, through many Canaanite families which they would be married into. And again, multiple generations of these foreigners living there. Some of course would have brought their own wives and families from wherever. And there of course were probably many Egyptians. Just not mostly, but I'm sure a large portion. And when Egypt withdrew, most of these now established, for all intents and purposes "Canaanites", would have needed to establish order and rule. The archaeology of this time shows a large settler movement in to the hills of Judea and Samaria around this time. Which might have meant these peoples aggregating in that region to avoid attacks, now that the power of Egypt was gone.
They also would have then, in order to unify, forged a federation or "group" of some sort. And how do you unify a group of disparate people, with influences from all variety of regions? Well, one way, one of the main ways throughout history no matter where you go, is to devise a common mythology, a unifying mythology. And it's quite possible that is what the "Israelites" were, and that is what the story of Jacob likely was was as well as the Exodus mythos. A unifying mythology, connected through more common regional mythologies, like the flood myths, which were wide spread, or the idea of Noah and his sons, or the idea of Abraham and so on, the rest of the pre-Jacob biblical account likely a combination of various regional cultural, mythological and religious legends, all united in narrative.
It has even been suggested that each "tribe of Israel" was a different "people" or "family". At some point in the bible, a Benjaminite is referred to as "the Hittite". Another named "Cushi". Actually a few named Cush or Cushi. There is another part the mentions someone being a Amorite I believe or Moabite. Anyway. Archaeology and biblical interpretation has led to a hypothesis that the tribe of Dan was originally from the Aegean, possibly from Crete or Greece itself, possibly related to the Philistines. For starters, the tribe of Dan's traditional "territory" is thought to be along the coast, directly above the Philistine territory, literally connected to it. Archaeology of that area has uncovered many pots in the Greek style, which isn't common outside of the Philistine and tribe of Dan region. They have also uncovered these bird statues that were very common in Crete. There were also pig remnants, and dna suggests the pigs there were of European origin. There are also biblical passages that kind of isolate the tribe of Dan as being "different" somehow, in a negative way. And then we have the story of Sampson, which definitely appears to reflect elements of the Heracles myth. Just the archetype of Heracles, which is rather unusual for the Levant and Israelites and Hebrew bible. His long hair, his strength, his pulling down the pillars of the building and so on. It's possible that myths of these other lands were integrated into the narrative, Hebrewified of course, but still representative of earlier populations.
And this could possibly be done with all the tribes. There are other biblical passages which associate certain tribes, at times with different people, or use names associated with different cultures outside Canaan. While the majority of women and families likely would have been Canaanite, there were certainly a lot of Mesopotamians also. And at that time, capturing women, in conquest or raid was not uncommon either. SO there was probably a fair amount of foreign women. The tribe of Levi for instance, might have been a group of Egyptian priests, who maintained their position through this new unifying mythology. Maybe Benjamin was a Hittite related tribe, maybe Ephraim was an Assyrian related tribe, or whatever. Maybe some from the Caucasus, probably Cush, Ethiopia, Libya, and wherever else.
heh, so basically, this could also explain why many different places of origin are mentioned. And why there are multiple connections to and through Egypt and different points. The Exodus was possibly about Egypt leaving Canaan and not Israelites actually leaving the Nile Delta. All though it could have something to do with a memory of the Hyksos, who were a Canaanite people. So memory of the Hyksos era might have informed some of the Israelite history and mythology. The overall specifics are not so clear. But in combination, the archaeology, mythology, and also the genetics, suggest this type of origin for the Israelites. Regardless of what the biblical narrative states, as that biblical narrative would have likely been forged to unify these disparate groups during a time of need. In terms of genetics, we can see a consistent array of male lineages, in Y-haplogroup of the Jewish people, which generally, all coalesce around the Bronze Age. It's thought that there were about 600 founding males of the Jewish population, which seem to correlate across all Jewish groups, with some outliers. But even the Y haplos themselves suggest a diverse array of people from different regions. And don't tell the American "Hebrew Israelites" this, but there were probably even "black Israelites" especially from Cush and Ethiopia. Maybe not a ton, but likely some at least.
And another hypothesis is that Levites were a combination of all the tribes. As priests were originally supposed to come from the eldest sons. Which at the time of "Moses" was granted to the Levites. So perhaps they took representatives of all the tribes, and joined them together as "brothers" as Cohen/Levites. Or perhaps Cohen were a specific group and Levites were built around them so that at least all "tribes" were represented within the Levites, who would of course be living among all tribes.
Now certainly, I think some of these people would have had a nomadic lifestyle or nomadic traditions. Almost certainly. And as he said in the video, Habiru probably doesn't mean all Habiru were Hebrew, but certainly, many Hebrew might have been Habiru originally. Same for say the Hyksos, I think around 1800 BCE.
And we see at least some WERE nomadic, in the story of David and the presence of shepherding in general.
Further, EL, YHWH Elohim and the Israelite God is clearly a combination or different variations of previous, Bronze Age Canaanite pagan gods. There seems to have been a god YHHW I think it is, which was followed by a nomad people of the Negev/Sinai region. Which is possibly where YhWh comes from. On this last part, I'm not 100%, but just a theory.
Well anyway, you get the idea. Hope that helps a bit.
egypt?!
@@jessereichbach588 incredible.. Jordan Petersons study of Genesis matched beliefs in Hebrew were very similar to Egyptian Mythology specifically the Death of Osiris at the hands of his brother Seth but then brought back to life by his son Horus who descends into the underworld to retrieve his father giving him his eye and restoring the kingdom.
What fascinates me if Petersons musings are right...then while Egypt views the mythical figure restores the old kingdom with new vision the possible Egyptian priest now Levi's crafted the opposite perspective of this Civil War. They craft a Mythology of a corrupt king and a mythical figure and guardian escorting these priest with brash new ideas into Cannan free to practice their new ideas and mixing them with the many nomadic tribes. This could have been the impetus to settle and conquer the land with divine purpose motivating the destruction.
@@saquist a very astute hypothesis. Certainly plausible.
I mean the “Patterns of Evidence” series does a good job at explaining how scripture and archaeology are not in conflict of the Torah
I don't think that Abraham being said to come from Ur of the Chaldeas is a problem for the historicity of the story. As an example, If it was written, for instance, that Zarathustra came from Kazakhstan, it wouldn't be evidence that he didn't come from that region, or had had to live there sometime after the region was known as Kazakhstan. It's just that "Kazakhstan" is the easiest way to identify to the modern reader precisely where Zarathustra lived. The only inference that could be made is that whoever wrote that he was from Kazakhstan, was writing some time after the region became known as Kazakhstan. So the only thing that can be inferred is that that part of Genesis was written during or after the time of the Chaldeans coming to Ur.
Good point.
Plus Sumeria is the oldest civilization in the middle east. Mesopotamia took it over. They expended down to Israel, through Syria and included Egypt. Abraham was a 1st nation in the bulk of Israel because noone settled the land with wells besides Abraham. The others lived near the river or Philistim in Gaza. Plus his family shepards for 4 generations in Israel/judea/Canaan unchallenged.
I have been looking at the Mesopotamian base 60 number system in Genesis 5 genealogy, which opens up questions to the ages being symbolic or related to a dynasty rather than an individual.
I'm not quite sure about his point on Jericho. You can visit the ruins and there are interesting observations. Is he saying it's not from the correct time period? You know all time keeping is relative and flawed? Our current time keeping wasn't reliably set until the 1800s. The further back you go, the more unreliable any date is with all the various systems used and mistakes recorded.
Very awesome! Lots of info! Thanks for uploading this video!!!
Thanks for the history information you've prsented.
-Seventhedoctor
I saw somewhere that some archeologists tag the earliest Israelite villages as those Canaanite villages that lack pig bones. Don't know if it's true, but their is a depiction of 'Israelites' outfitted in Canaanite garb on the Merneptah Stele dated around 1200 BC.
Archeology is full of long draws of the bow. Who knows if the claims on the Stele were wring in the first place. We can expect Israelis somewhere at sometime in Israel to wear Canaanite clothing, even to use their culture, but maybe they thought they were describing Israelis but were describing Canaanites. It's sort of that way, and the Egyptians would not be above propaganda, and over or understate things. If only they left some DNA with it, in a preservative in a samples container... You have to objectively look into things, to state what is known, and offer an opinion on it. But here, I'm finding my comment is being deleted for some strange reason of, probably of minor disagreement on interpretation of some little part of it. As when I thought I accidentally lost it, I posted a part copy by mistake. And that was highlighted, but when edited that to a full version it got deleted..
The present researcher states this and that, but I can see problems with it and have seen what others are claiming.
Would love to see more on the ancient Levant.
Study the Ugaritic Hittite texts and those from other civilizations that had a real presence in the Levant, which the Hebrews never did. It is a mythological historical fiction that never happened the way it was written. It is a 'narrative' based on no truth associated with the alleged Hebrews. There are no scriptures older than the Dead Sea Scrolls which are very late compositions, late 2nd century BC to 2nd century AD. The western mind is controlled by an utter fiction.
@@endallbeall7642 utter fiction.
@@canadiankewldude Based on what? Your religious brainwashing?
@@endallbeall7642 Much archaeological evidence has been found supporting the Scriptures.
Nothing has been found to disprove said Scriptures.
@@canadiankewldude So your answer would be yes. Stay ignorant and on your knees. You can't even prove that Jesus lived. No archaeological evidence for his existence whatsoever. You are living an illusion based on faith because there is no truth to support it. The religion was framed around an alleged vision by Paul, of a man he never laid eyes, on and claimed he was Jesus. FACT.
I'm astonished a scientist like him talking while wearing a kipa
My compliments
So it is called a kipa. I always wondered what they were called. Why to they wear it?
@@mdb1239for religious purposes
@@kristofjarder1300 Does one usually wear it once a week; or for special Jewish holy days; or whenever one feels like it.
Religious purposes 😂😂. Rather vague. They wear it as a reminder that theres someone higher up than them, yahweh in this case.
@@bedevereknight4992 Thanks.
I wish I could find a historical video about this topic that doesn't include mythology or apologies to people who prefer mythology over history.
Thanks for sharing this first episode, looking forward for the next episodes.
Biblical Hebrew is a good source to understand their origin.
"Whether we call the Creator of synonyms and antonyms the ALL, ALLAH or EL, let all the children of Noah know that we are all in the same boat, that we are all cognates with Biblical roots." Isaac E. Mozeson, The Word.
Why Noah and not Abraham.
@@user-gh6hc9ch4zBecause Abraham didn't like long sea voyages... and Noah preferred boats of greater accommodation.
Why don't you rid yourself of the tedium that comes with biblical illiteracy.
Hebrew just means black it’s a race just like gentile black or white something this generation made up
Hikakasu ( ancient Egyptian )/Hyksos ( Greek ), means princes of desert uplands ( Land of Canaan)
The Egyptian word ‘Hapiru’ meant ‘Bedouin land-thieves’ which describes tent dwellers who travell’d with their flocks and who carried around their own clan-god YHWH in a tent (aka ‘tabernacle’) until Jedediah/Solomon c. 920 BCE when the Phoenician Hiram of Tyre built a Stone & Wooden Temple on Mt Moriah near Mt Tzion of the Jebusites for YHWH & 20 other gods under him (Solomon & David married dozens of gentile wives who brought their own clan gods with them from their various city-states); interestingly Levi was not given land & may have been the only ‘Yisroelites’ who came from ‘elsewhere’ -Mosheh (‘son of’) & Miriam (‘princess’) Aaron & Phineas are all Egyptian names-the rest of the Tribes were essentially ‘Canaanite’ aborigines who worshipp’d El, Shaddai, Molech, Astarte, Azazel, Amon, Hadad, Ba’al etal. whose separate cults became merged into the cult of YHWH (‘a wandering Syrian Bedouin ready to starve was my father; a Canaanite was my mother’... said Avram according to the mad prophet Hezekiel...)
No, it did not. It meant murderers, robbers, or outlaws. it had no ethnic connotation, it was a class marker, more or less like our "thug," and included people of many ethnicities including some Indo-Europeans and some East Semites. And it wasn't an Egyptian word, it was a Sumerian word (SA. GAZ) translated to "habiru" by the Semitic Akkadians and only used by the Egyptians much later and usually when writing in Akkadian.
It's Aryan not Indo-European.
Hey stupid question the music playing at the end of video what is it? Sounds awesome
Watched a documentary of a journalist trying to tie the Hyksos to Moses. While it all sounded pretty good my biggest questions were didn't the pharaoh drown in the Exodus story? And how did a 15 day journey turn into a 40yr trek?? And feeding the number of the multitude would need a true Divine intervention.
I once found an amateur website that makes the claim that the Amarna heresy was the Exodus. One claim I found to be interesting is the person they claim archeology has discovered named Ramose. The claim is that archeological evidence shows this person was prominent in Egypt, disappeared from the record, and returns as a general. The authors allege that during the whole aten thing "Ramose" would've become Mose when it became illegal to write old gods names, and that josephus says moses was a general.
It seems like an intriguing premise but I don't know of any scholarly critiques, would anyone here be aware of such a thing?
@NILE VALLEY TELEVISION what about the finding of the Dead sea scrolls they predate the torah for at least 1000 years.
"I think Israelite society was messy, just like a modern, traditional Middle Eastern society is messy" - This is a great quote by Dr. Maeir, and it reflects some of the facts and theories I've seen about the origins of the Israelites, i.e. that the original tribes were literal tribes of desert nomads and traders who were also well-connected to urban centers in the Levant until "something" brought the complementary tribes together as unit, thus pushing the majority firmly into urban life (though some percentage of families retained their nomadic heritage). DNA evidence shows that the Israelites and Canaanites were the same people, with the difference being the Israelites (until a point) were nomads while the Canaanites they later wrote about as enemies were the urban and mostly settled populace. Obviously, the Israelites eventually settled and became a political and religious power, but as Dr. Maeir points out that the evidence is scant for them suddenly overthrowing major citadels and urban cities as written in the Bible.
As a recent example, the closest comparison in a desert nomadic culture and mobility are the Bedouin, who were divided by (often violent) tribal lines but lived in a sympathetic relationship together as necessary, and who all shared the same cultural habits, trade routes, religion, and social system despite not being as closely connected though urban centers the way it appears the Israelites were. In the Bible, the basic premise for the Jewish patriarchs is that they were desert nomads who were constantly on the move and at the mercy of the harsh and dangerous desert lifestyle. Looking at older descriptions of the Bedouin can fill that imaginative void when wondering how the early Israelite tribes lived before settling where they did.
Plus different diaspora means we are different but the same. Like Sephardic versus mizrachi versus Ashkenazi
This is such an interesting channel. It’s like a fresh breeze blowing through the shallowness of TH-cam.
Sound like he's saying those people and Israel are not the truth Israelites of that land
@@eldermorris5221 Maybe the people living in the Gaza Strip are the Israelites?
@@eldermorris5221 Yeah, the DNA shows the mostly closely related people to the ancient Israelites to be the Palestinians. Which I have been considering as possible for a few years.
Miss you, teacher
The conquest was much earlier , look to when Jerico was actually burned and not re-inhabited for 600 years after . When was that ?
There is also the question of the evolution of the alphabet.
The exodus of the Israelites seems to reflect the evolutionary steps of the alphabet, from the Hieratic cursive script of Egypt, passing through the Proto-Sinaitic and Proto-Canaanite scripts, and finally giving birth to the Phoenician and Paleo-Hebrew abjads.
Through Aramaic. Some of our Jewish texts are still in Aramaic
Anyone know the name of the map that they show at 2:30 - 3:19 ?
Thank you both for another interesting lecture. Nick, the audio isn’t very good on this one, could you get a clip-on mike please?
I actually just got a yeti and the sound has much improved! We have a whole series coming but the recordings that will shortly follow are with the other and so I apologize in advance, eventually you will notice a far better sound!
This is super interesting. Thank you.
I'm confused to names .. Hebrews - Israelites - Jewish ... I was chastised for saying it all started as Hebrews on a comment within another page ... so I kept quite. Any guidance here?
Check this video out!
th-cam.com/video/eeMLyiFjCXQ/w-d-xo.html
That’s addressed at the end! Happy to help!
Hebrew is the oldest, which means "of or sons of Eber". Israelites comes later when they start to form a nation state. Jew originally was only that of the Tribe or Kingdom of the Judah. Later it was expanded to refer to who ever was carried away to Babylon. Still later it was expanded to those conquered by the Maccabees and or those of the Roman province of Judia. So it historically context is key.
Today we throw it around like a catch all, but it's not that simple.
As far as I know youre not wrong in saying that the israelites originated from the hebrews, or maybe evolved. The hebrews werent a stationary group and seemed to have included different groups. The israelites is a reference to a specific hebrew group that settled and eventually became israelites.
As Dr. Maeir states, stratification of the Biblical text is difficult, so staking a claim on a particular verse is problematic. That said, Joel, Amos, and Hosea likely are very old, ca. 8th century BCE, and it's possible that Deborah's song (which mentions each tribe by name) and Miriam's song are very old too.
Dr. Harold Bloom believes that that part of the Hexateuch and Kings known as J dates back to the court of Rehoboam in the tenth century BCE, but it could really be much more recent, by hundreds of years.
So all considered, we have the Merneptah Stele from ca. 1200 BCE, as Dr. Maeir mentioned, likely mentioning Israel, and hundreds of years before the terms "Hebrew" or "Jewish" are securely attested.
Now there is the term `apiru showing up in Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Ugaritic, Hurrian, and Hittite tablets from 18th to 12th century BCE. The Hurrian Tikunani Prism from the 16th century BCE mentions over four hundred `apiru; more than half had Hurrian names, fewer than half Semitic.
That said, some of the characters showing up alongside David in 2 Samuel-Araunah, Achish king of Gath, Ittai of Gath, Talmai the king of Geshur, Uriah the Hittite, Sheva, possibly David himself-seem to have Hurrian names, and the way of life David is said to have had-nomadic, shepherding, warring with the city of Jebus-reflects the way of life the `apiru are said to have in all those tablets.
So it is possible that the post-exilic term "Hebrew" (meaning "across") is a reimagining of a term that had a markedly different meaning a thousand years prior. The semantics could be identical, or it could be folk etymology, as is so much in the Bible (e.g., Moses, Israel, or the benediction of Jacob, in which he explains the meanings of his sons' names). If the sense was consistent over the millennia, then "across" could mean across the Jordan, the Euphrates, Sinai, alien, transporter, or outlaw.
Israel was more prominent than Judah during the Assyrian conquests of the eighth century BCE, so it got more attention and was destroyed. Then, in the seventh century, Josiah king of Judah entertained a pragmatic alliance with the Chaldean war against the Assyrians in order to increase Judah's prominence, but was slain by Pharaoh Necho on his way to assist Assyria.
Chaldea in fact prevailed, but became so oppressive that Judah revolted and its leadership exiled to Babylon. After Babylon was destroyed, Cyrus, Cambyses, and Darius likely allowed the Judahite exiles to narrate to them to what prior condition their land should be restored; hence the descriptions of Solomon's splendor, and why the whole province of Israel was named Yehud after Judah; this is where we get the term Jew.
Judah's etymology is said to be "thanks," but may in fact have been "ravine." The tribe of Judah is not in Deborah's song.
This man right here is so on point ...
Super interesting!
Glad you think so! And thanks for commenting! We have many episodes coming!
Maybe I'm wrong, but it looks like the israelites and the philistines formed almost in the same time, 1200 BC, at the end of bronze age. I would say both groups invaded/established in Canaan at approximately the same time.
Canaan was Ham’s son, ham was Noah’s oldest son. Abraham was from the bloodline of Noah’s son Shem. The Israelites who came out of Egypt, with Moses, were Abraham’s 12 great grandson’s bloodlines.
@@Angelica-fy9fr If this was a true story, what happened to the bloodline?
@@Angelica-fy9fr That's all assuming Noah was even a real person. I would argue that he was not and I do have evidence for saying that.
The original flood story was on clay tablets made by the Sumerians thousands of years before the book of Genesis was even written. In the ancient flood story written about by the Sumerians, The God Enki created us and made us in the gods likeness with their knowledge which angered Enki's brother, Enlil. Enlil wanted to destroy us but Enki who loved us had a man named Upnapteshim build a boat to save humanity.
Enki is likely who evolved into Lucifer as Hebrews became influenced by Zoroastrianism from Persia.
So yeah, the much more ancient story of Enki, Upnapteshim and the flood evolved over thousands of years into the Hebrew story of Noah & The Ark.
@@TempleOvBlackLight so the evidence that Noah didn't exist is another myth?
@@roylle6346 Absolutely. The original myth was written about thousands of years before the story as told by the writer of Genesis.
Great video. Perhaps a video focusing on the existence of the United Kingdom of Israel and whether David and Solomon actually ruled over an empire. Or if Judah was always a separate and smaller kingdom with David perhaps becoming a legendary founder later.
I had heard that before, it was because Juda worshiped Yahweh and Israel worshiped El.
THANK YOU for this video
I am convinced the word on the Merneptah stele is not "Israel" but Jezreel. The pronunciation of L in Middle Egyptian is often represented in hieroglyphs as an R so the Egyptian word on the stele, "YEEsree-ar" could be the Afro-Asiatic for Yezreel but the Egyptian word is followed by the determinatives for "foreign people." Yezreel was a grain producing valley and the stele reads (in one interpretation) "Yeesree-ar is wasted bare of grain." Does it refer to Jezreel (valley) being wasted of "Israel" being wasted? I think Petrie could have over-reached a bit in the zeal for an early epigraphic proof-text for Israel given the difference in the sibilants (not a big problem) and the break between the resh patah and alef tsere.
This makes a lot of sense. The reaching for proof forces conclusions that may not be accurate if there were no intentions.
These words are in igbo land, isaele, nzerem, j eru isi elem, Jerusalem, naze,Naza-reth, Ehim, Elem, Elu, dim, Erim, Eyam Eze-ana, n'galele =galeli the miracle sits, isaaka= Isaac , Adam, Eve = ive,, yakobi =Jacob, Ezekel, ,the list goes on. These are people's names, clans names, , community names, village names, igbo ancestors names, the sits, etc etc in "igbo people" in Nigeria. "Igbo language" is the original igbo Eboes Heboes Hebrew, from evidence they are the children of God.
Great lecture excellent questions. thank you. one thing i like about much of Jewish academia that is very different than i found at Christian "academia" like Liberty University, is Dr. Maeir is not unique in that many Jewish scholars let the evidence lead, and seek truth where ever it leads. Sadly, the 'research' at my university was the exact opposite and frankly the vast majority of this generations christian 'academia' -that I have experienced - is not interested in following the evidence, rather in manipulating the evidence and redirecting attention away from truth, back to narrative. Researching religion is a true test of character because there is so much invested in that narrative. Kudos to those who do it honestly.
Yes the christens have done nothing but cause lies and misinformation in every time line throught out history
That depends. Harvard is a Christian school. There’s a big difference between a school that has so association with a religion and one of these ridiculous shit tier schools tied to televangelist types.
I’m from the tribe of Benjamin. Handed down from father to son throughout the ages. We Jews are very particular about handing down the exact stories as told by my ancestors. We are proud of our Israel, our history, our Torah, and our laws.
“Our Israel” lollll
Being from the tribe of Benjamin, and of the Abrahamic Judaistic faith, I assume you understand the significant difference between being Jewish wherever you are and the political state of Israel (which assimilated and bastardized the name of Father Yaʿaqov).
May the LORD bless you for 1,000 generations. Israel is the Land formed in a day.
The nations are deceived in their Antisemitism to believe that Israel is some colonial state. Meanwhile they live in places like USA, Australia, and the UK (true colonial states). They also must not have been to Israel and seen how dangerous Arab areas are for Christians and Jews while Jewish and Christian areas are welcoming to all.
May you be blessed in the Name of Yeshua and HASHEM who are One. May you and all Israel be blessed forever.
More like Jewish by religion not related to the ancient Israelites are not white people
Tell me more brother, are you on TikTok?
just a suggestion. Dont start out your vid with music that is pumping out levels 6-8dB louder than the spoken content.
Had to run across the room to stab the mute button.
10:47 could have led to an interesting tangent on the origins of the term 'shibboleth'
I imagine the intro music is the same music Donkey Kong listens to when he wants to get pumped up.
Question: why would the fact that the Chaldieans came in later an issue. Perhaps Moses called them that because that was who was there at the time. Much like we do now, calling peoples or places in the name we know them now vs the name they had before then that was less know.
Because they weren't there in Moses' time either, they weren't there until the Iron Age. In the time when Moses is supposed to have lived the Chaldeans lived in the Levant and had nothing to do with southern Mesopotamia.
Im trying to figure it out. Thanks.
Deuteronomy 28 and 68
Good info! I love this subject! Thoughts on the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser the third?
Depicted on this ancient archeological artifact is "Jehu".. grandson of King Omri of the Northern Kingdom bowing before the Assyrian king. 1st of all it's clear that this depiction of Jehu is a caucasian phenotype. (For what that's worth in today's wider cultural discussion of the origins of the Israelites). The other interesting thing here is the clear etymological connection between these "bit-Omri'(house of Omri) in the Assyrian language with the "Gimiri/Khumri" people in the Akkadian language who are also called "Saka/Sakae" in the Old Persian language on the Behiston rock in Iran. These peoples are also known in history as the "Cimmerians" & the "Scythians". J Flavius stated that the northern 10 tribes were an "immense multitude not to be estimated by numbers" & that they "lived north of the Euphrates". The wanderings of those peoples of that region, the Scythians and Cimmerians can be traced right into N Europe as the Germanic & Celtic peoples. The Scythians also for a time at least, were known to not eat swine. The intricate artisanal gold artifacts of the Scythians found also have some similarities with ancient Celtic artifacts. Welsh language and ancient Hebrew are very similar languages as well. There are many connections. The Med people as well, Greeks/ Romans were offshoots of early seafaring Israelites. Zarah-Judah, the twin brother of Perez..not getting the ancestral blessing that his brother had received, may have left Caanan. There is a reference in Kings that Solomon was wiser than "Kalchol & Darda" grandsons of Zarah. Kalchol & Darda are 2 names very similar to the founding Greek fathers "Calchus & Dardanus". Calchus being a legendary seer. Dan also a seafaring tribe became the Danoi (the old saying "beware of Greeks bearing gifts" is really beware of Danoi bearing gifts). Dan also settled in many other parts of Europe leaving his name all over the place similar to the prophetic blessing of a "serpent's tail/trail" spoke by his father, Jacob. (Danube, Denmark, Donegal etc.) The Phonecians were likely also a heavy mix of Israelites as the ancestral plots of land given to Dan & Mannaseh were part of Phoenicia/Tyre port cities. and they were the premier seafaring people of the Med. That trade of the Phoenicians coincides with the mighty reigns of David and Solomon. Who had great relations w the Phonecians. They settled parts of Spain & around & up the coasts of the Isles of Britain (named after Brutus from Troy, who were of Dardanus) & Ireland. As far as the tribe of Judah & the territory of Judea. These titles according to the Jewish encyclopedia are mutually exclusive to each other. Judea was named after Judah ..but not strictly comprised of members of the original tribe. Judea had become an amalgamation of people. Even mixing with Edomites via John Hyrcanus who forced converted Idumea into Jews, as outlined by Josephus Flavius. King Herod of course, was an Edomite. Personally, I think Levites are likely the heaviest portion "Israelite" tribe in the admixture of what we call "Jews" today. More so than comprised of 'Judahites" as the name implies. Remember, only 40 thousand of Judah even returned from Babylon, and then of those 40 thousand, we find in the book of Ezra, mixed with many other tribes ie Caananites, Hittites, etc. A good portion of the Tribe of Judah was deported alongside the Northern House. So in all of that, there is a motive and political reasoning to suppress these clear connections that we find in biblical, Historical, and Archeological records. I find it ironic that today, the Rabbis teach that Europeans are Edom. This is because the Biblical accounts are clear that Jacob & Esau must be polar opposite people. Cannot be mixed. The Hycranus account clearly shows they did mix about 100 years before Christ. Herod, surely an offshoot of that amalgamation. Its also noteworthy that the 1906 Jewish encyclopedia, states that the origins of the Turkic Chazars (modern-day Ukraine region) were intertwined w the origins of the Jews of Russia as there may have been some mass conversion around 800AD. The King of the Chazars believed that they had originated from Mt Seir, which was Esau Edom's ancestral land.
Thank you so much this is a very important
Information for me because I remember many year ago in my village- MBEYA-TANZANIA when I was at age of 8 years old I remember one of my neighbours they gave his son this name SAKAE, which in Swahili language we use to call him SAKAI.
So I thank GOD today I find where this name came from.
Thank you
Utter bollocks
The biggest misconception is that the people who call themselves jewish today aren't the same hebrews/jews from the bible. I know it's not easy for some to come to that understanding but it's not hard to see if you just look.
Becomes more interesting as you find out who future family becomes
As someone interested in history vs mythology, it seems most likely that the Jews were essentially Canaanites even if their original nomadic origins are murky. Jews were essentially religious rebels pushing monotheism over the worship of multiple gods largely practiced at the time. As part of this they adopted a lifestyle and mythology that purposely set them apart from the other Canaanites and nearby peoples. Islam is a similar exercise and clearly somewhat influenced by Jewish thought. The Kaaba, the holiest of Islamic sites, now completely dedicated to 'one God-ism' is said to have once held 360+ deities to worship, pre-Islam.
I wonder how much of the Israelite origins can be traced back to Sumerians and the city of UR, where Abraham comes from according to the scripture. Are there any clues supporting that claim other than archeological, for example in artefacts or DNA-sampling, linguistic similarities, etc?
@J.P. Ah, that is very interesting. So in a sense that suggests that semite peoples also have indo-germanic origins, doesn't it?
@J.P. It's amazing. I have a Sorani Kurdish friend and I can relate quite a few words to French, Italian and sometimes to germanic langauges. Kurdi is closely related to Farsi and Farsi in turn is related to Sanskrit, Hindi and Urdu. I also remember that it were the Persians who liberated the Hebrews from their expulsion to Babylon by the Assyrians and that the Persian Shahmsa Shah ordered the reconstruction of Jerusalem and the Temple.
Looking at history, I sometimes wonder why on God's green earth people fight eachother over holy ground, places and scripture or man made rules. It all seems utterly pointless, pretty much like the wheel of eternal return (birth, life, death, rebirth) in the vedic scriptures. It seems we're doomed to repeat it witthout end until we learn we're all brothers and sisters.
Prophets who tried to shine that light never were honored in their time, were they.... What a waste!
Good video. I would love to know more about the tribe of Dan, and its relationship with Greece and the Dannoi or Danaan. Simcha Jacobovici seems to suggest the Dan tribes members fled to Greece, I myself have not seen enough in the publications to make a decision, curious to see others opinions on this.
Exactly seems like they could be the key to a lot of things. Homer constantly references a people called the danaoi in his epics. Saw a wonderful documentary correlate danaoi art to the construction of the ark of the covenant in palestine. It was built by the tribe of dan in the bible. I wonder if they also have anything to do with a part of the sea people's called the denyen
@@TheMrgoodmanners yes I agree. The documentary you referenced was made by the person I mentioned previously Simcha Jocobovic. He had an archeology tv program that was very interesting, although he put to much weight on the biblical narrative in my opinion. The program was called "the naked archaeologist" I definitely recommend the show though. If your a fan of this presentation I definitely recommend looking at the O.I. TH-cam channel. The OI is the oriental institute, through the university of Chicago, one of the best American archeology institutes. Dr. Aren Maeir had a great presentation there a few months ago. Also recommended Pennsylvania University's channel lots of great archeology presentations as well
The Cambridge Ancient History series (c. 1970) gives academic support to this hypothesis and links it to the expulsion of the Hyksos.
@@johnmcarthur1658 thank you, I will look for that. I dont recall reading about it from that series. Although it's been years since I looked, i know its updated regularly.
Fascinating! Always enjoyed that part of Egyptian history, I just wish the Egyptian government would allow proper excavations of Avaris. Manfred Bietak has to walk a fine line at that excavation, a shame
@@justinwinter4908 Its in the third edition V2, P1, p. 635 "Danaus and the Hyksos". Worth a read.
Through this wrestle, Jacob proved what was most important to him. He demonstrated that he was willing to let God prevail in his life. In response, God changed Jacob's name to Israel, meaning 'let God prevail.
Hamitic Hypothesis professor? What do you think of it?
Why there should be finds representing an invasion around 1210 B.C.? Some Kanaanites went to Egypt and came back a few generatios later. Why the finds should differ? Egyptians an Kanaanite finds should be normal in Kanaan at this time. And the few different finds may show a slightly different history. Many peoples have stories like the destruction of Jericho, but they represent not war. They represent a form of Ethnogenesis hidden under a story of destruction and murder. Wouldn't this be a possibility for the Israelite history? For me it would match the archaeological finds better than the traditional biblical picture and the new one of a people developing just in Kanaan. And it's closely to the theory described by Dr. Maeir within the video.
Realy? Ever heard of the greek translation Phoenicia and Phoeniciens? Today, of course, it's a neutral expression, meaning all the people, who lived in Canaan, which, by the way, is just a geographical expression, a little bit like we speak of the Levante or the middle east. Within the Bible the use of these expressions is more complicated.
@NILE VALLEY TELEVISION Germans do not call themself 'Germans' or 'Allemands'. That doesn't mean, that there are no germans in the middle of Europe, they just use the adjective 'deutsch'. Furthermore there are a lot of Europeans. They are Europeans, because they live in Europe, between the atlantic ocean and the Ural Mountains. They don't need to belong to a certain nation or the EU to be Europeans. And there have been people living in Canaan. And despite the question, which names they used themself, they all can be called Canaanites. Furthermore we know from ancient sources, that the Phoenicians called themself Phoenicians at a certain point of history. We don't know if they did so, because the Greeks and Romans did so or because they spoke the western Canaanite dialect or because of living in that area, or because they thought of them as one people. But, as shown above, it is not important, how they called themself or which peoples lived there. They can be called Canaanites, because they lived in Canaan. And archaeological finds prove, that the region was inhabited in ancient times. As you will notice, the bible uses the term differntly: Within the bible Canaanites are people, who live in Canaan without being hebrew. But geographically the Hebrews must be included in that term. And even the biblical term doesn't define their nationality: According to the biblical use of the word, they had just to live in Canaan and not being Hebrew to be Canaanites.
Screw the haters man, this is a great video. I can see it took a lot of work and time. Some people just can't appreciate good scholarship
Good scholarship? Lol no
1200 years BC is the late bronze age collapse. Many people moved at that time.
Great stuff!
The next geneticists you bring in that talks about Israelites should be asked about the supposed lost tribes of Israel and how legitimate are the claims.
Excellent rational explanations, loved it; it is crucial to keep the conversation scientific. This topic is too often exclusively narrated as exempt from the rigors of formal history (reflected a lot in the questions which tended to express that preference for myth or fantasy), yet, Dr. Maeir reminds us at all times that as much love and attachment people may have with religious mythology, we must apply the same rational to all narratives.
On another other topic, where do they come from depends on how long ago you want to go; as a Semitic people it means they are part of the broader Afroasiatic ethnolinguistic group, with peoples from Mesopotamia to actual Cameroon and Nigeria. We must remember that modern Hebrew is a reconstructed re introduced language, it did not evolve naturally from the ancient Israelites to what it is spoken today. It was reconstructed in the late 1800’s by Eliezer Ben Yehuda (Perlman) who spoke Yiddish (a Germanic language) and who was born in today Belarus; beautiful work tbh. Important to note as well that the ancient Israelites are unrelated to today’s State of Israel, of course, as excellent Israeli Historian Shlimo Sand Profesor Emeritus at Tel Aviv University explains on his book “The Invention of the Land of Israel: From Holy Land to Homeland” (2008)” says: “Secular scholars remained adamant in defining historical Jewry and its modern-day descendants as a people, albeit not a chosen people, but one unique, exceptional, and immune to comparison. Such a view could be maintained only by providing the masses with a mythological image of the exile of a people that ostensibly took place in the first century BCE, despite the fact that the scholarly elite was well aware that such an exile never really occurred during the entire period in question. For this reason, not even one research-based book has thus been written on the forced uprooting of the ‘Jewish people’.” (Sand,2008)
Noe 950, Sem 600 (semitic), Arfaxad 438, Sala 433, Heber 464 (primer hebreo), Peleg 239, Reu 239, Serug 230, Nacor 148, Tare 205, Abram 175 (Abraham), Isaac 180, Jacob 147. Jacob = Israel (padre de las 12 tribus). Israel quiere decir "El varon que vio a Dios".
I had seen awhile back (and please forgive me, but I cannot remember the source) that while peoples of Jewish heritage in areas of what is now Iran and parts of what might be called Central Asia, or on the Eastern Coast of Africa do show genetic DNA that correlates to Jewish peoples of Palestine prior to Emperor Nero's sacking in 70CE... the vast majority of Jews coming from Central and EASTERN Europe did NOT show similar DNA? So then, WHERE DID this very large European Jewry come from??? Whenever I have attempted to query the possibility that these were peoples from highly persecuted non- trinitarion or other minor religious, or even atheists during the dark ages of Catholic Inquisitions that sought refuge by migrating into Eastern European Jewish communities --- I have been most vehemently attacked as being anti-semitic? No one seems in any way willing to pursue this possibility...
@@arroyodave5845 Significa Dios lucha, Dios manda, Dios gobierna.
@@adrianalainez8499 Hola Adriana, sabes como se escribe Israel en hebreo? Estudia esa palabra en hebreo Ish - ra - el. Shalom
@@arroyodave5845 no es Ish. Que ignorante. La estas pronunciando como la gente lo hace ahora. Sabes que es una lengua muerte que no tuvo continuacion por siglos. Y que se revivio despues de mas de casi 2000 años. Y los Europeos le pusieron sus sonidos y no los del Medio Oriente originales. La Isra significa pelea o gana o gobierna sobre. Y el el obviamente es Dios. Pero no habla de Jacob sino de Dios mismo. Dios gobierna.
So sorry for your loss. I only just subbed, so only just heard the bad news. 😥
{:o:O:}
Where is the source of the map at 6:49?
Thank you for this lovely video,. it got my curious about my origins so I looked some online and took the My Bronze Age Origins test (Gene Plaza). I found out that I was 14% ancient Hebrew, the people of the Bible! I never knew I was Israelite, but I guess I should have known because I was always curious about the bible stories and always felt part of the people of the bible. Now I have proof. I have also 22% Chongoni Rock art , which fits with my ancestry because I am a quarter black. Just a warning, don’t get the beginner test, it’s cheaper but it doesn’t have the ancient people of the Bible.
What nationality is your great grandfather?
Jeane take mt DNA so you will know more
Nahh ancient israelites werent Kangz n' shieeet
Traveled from distant and close lands
I find it impressive that the Dr. can have such conflicting ideas and remain religious. It must be difficult to try to reconcile the supernatural nature of the Israelites as depicted in the Tanakh, with scientific analysis that studies them as just another people.
Are you related to Avon Barksdale of Wesr Side Baltimore?
Good point about genetic studies. I took my test a while back, and while it showed some north African heritage, the map overlapped with Visigoth, Vandal and Viking activity in that area. But if enough people take these tests, I do believe we will be able to discover previously unknown migrations or contactd between places.
As for culture, culture is overrated. I continue to be amazed how many similarities there are between old pictures of my great grandparents' generation and recent muslim immigrants who 'refuse to integrate'. Culture changes at breakneck speed these days, and if I interpret ancient Greek musings correctly, it did back then as well.
Everyone should be able to do it that would be awesome n informative.?goodidea
My European Family by Karin Bojs tracks some North African Berber DNA to ancient European crossing the 8miles at the Straits of Gibraltar.
Excellent presentation. Looking forward to more.
Totaly confusion presentation
That was the most badass opening I’ve ever seen!
Salam thank for your info
You should use actual Hebraic names. They are very important and contains more than one word or description.
Such as IsraELITES?
When speaking England, the names should be in English so the English can understand.
Well done. Interesting.
Proverbs 6:13👁my voices tell me nvr believe any utterances out of any man’s mouth bc it is all lies… hearing the repeating/stuttering and looks up to the left/ right,and wild hand gestures.. they’re right AGAIN… your time is gonna come… just a Led Zeppelin song that my voices popped into my head!
According to more recent studies that feature evidence from the skeletal remains of ancient Canaanites compared with DNA of current Jewish and Arab/Palestinian residents of the area. As Prof. Maeir states, the modern populations are closely related, and both are related to the ancient Canaanites. Some may wonder about the ancient Philistines. The ancient Philistines were Greek peoples -- part of the invading group known as the Sea Peoples -- and have not been found to be related either to modern Jews or to modern Palestinian Arabs. These ancient DNA samples, again, were taken from ancient Philistine remains. The unique features of ancient Philistine DNA appear to have been lost to history, likely when the Philistines were finally vanquished by the invading Babylonians. So far, they haven't been found among modern human populations. So the notion of associating modern Palestinians with the Philistines is invalid. These findings are *not* about the modern method of estimating ethnicity used by companies like Ancestry and MyHeritage, whose methods are questionable at best.
I like this guy a lot and have watched some of his other stuff on TH-cam but disappointed he just dissed the alternative chronology theory, with no actual argument. I am yet to hear an actual academic response to David Rohl's work! I'm genuinely interested to hear this subject *debated*, not just factionalised.
He does seem a genuinely nice guy but Appendix E (p .393) of the paperback edition of "A Test of Time" notes "These would appear to be supportive of the conventional chronology of Egypt and clearly argue against the chronology put forward in this book". As best I know that still holds true today.
@@johnmcarthur1658 Do you mean Rohl discusses counter arguments in his own book or that he doesn't believe his own theory?
@@yrebrac You can read his explanation on Google books preview. If the following link does not take you direct to the section then type in "Appendix E" into the book search box:
books.google.co.uk/books?redir_esc=y&id=RNC5Nj-Ru0IC&q=appendix+e#v=snippet&q=appendix%20e&f=falset
For a hostile summary by a pundit:
anarchic-teapot.net/david-rohl-how-to-fail-a-test-of-time/
I don't have any books on chronology problems so cannot argue against. Erik Hornung i recall made a more encouraging remark on his wider work but as best I know Egyptologists have not accepted the radical radating he proposed.
Here is another from an academic:
biblearchaeology.org/research/chronological-categories/conquest-of-canaan/3196-david-rohls-revised-egyptian-chronology-a-view-from-palestine?highlight=WyJkYXZpZCIsImRhdmlkJ3MiLCJkYXZpZCciLCInZGF2aWQncyIsImRhdmlkJy4iLCJyb2hsIiwicm9obCdzIiwiZGF2aWQgcm9obCJd
@@johnmcarthur1658 Much obliged
1 And when Rachel saw that she bare Jacob no children, Rachel envied her sister; and said unto Jacob, Give me children, or else I die. 2 And Jacob's anger was kindled against Rachel: and he said, Am I in God's stead, who hath withheld from thee the fruit of the womb? 3 And she said, Behold my maid Bilhah, go in unto her; and she shall bear upon my knees, that I may also have children by her. 4 And she gave him Bilhah her handmaid to wife: and Jacob went in unto her. 5 And Bilhah conceived, and bare Jacob a son. (Genesis 30:1-5 KJV)
holy shit thats rapey
@@punkykenickie2408 How do you figure that?
@@lirep6102 she GAVE HIM her servant?! what the heck?!
@@punkykenickie2408 That doesn’t mean he raped her
The Hyksos theory has substantial historical evidence established by trusted archeological researchers.
It is by far the most convincing statement made to date for the existence of an Israelite nation in Egypt.
The History Channei explained years ago that a roughly 143 page book was the only thing that separated the Moslems from the Jews. I am one of those that would not be surprised if the Philistines were Odysseus’ countrymen leaving the one ship with him in it to carry on. There seems to be good genetic evidence of this. I also would not be surprised if the Danae tribe were of Greek culture or origin, fishermen and metal workers rather than farmers or herders. European Greeks seem very Celtic in their genome while the many Greeks on the “Turkish” mainland are more Eastern genetically. Fascinating and honest presentation, and more and more important nowadays. Thank you
Philistined were indo europeans from Crete and part of the sea people responsible for the bronze age collapse.But they mixed with levantine population and their indo european DNA vanished.
Excellent video. Based on facts and evidence. Of course there is a bit of speculation where the data is missing, but that is no problem as Dr. Aren Maeir clearly states that. Thumbs up from me :)
He’s awesome and thanks for watching! Next Saturday I’ll bring you “The Origins of Israelite Religion.”
My understanding is that the word "hebrew" is a broader term and included all the decendents and relatives of the patriarchs (including Ishmael, Lot and Esau's families, Abraham also had more sons after Isaac, so their children too, Jacob had a daughter named Dinah as well, maybe he had more but the Bible uses her name, she went to Egypt with her father so her children would be most likely assimilated into this group) the focus on Israel as a nation didnt happen until Jacob's name was changed and his families story took place. They still are referred to as hebrews in the Exodus, because technically yes they are a part of that broader group, but they are also forming their own national identity out of Jacob/Israel's lineage.
Maybe that is the wrong understanding, but that is how I see it. Explains why the dna is so close, because everyone in that region is related. Cousins, half-siblings, some married Cannanites, some married Egyptians, Moses married a Midianite, then when they got back to the promise land we know one of them married Rehab from Jericho...we know Sampson married Philistine women, so you have to assume others did as well. The Bible says many times that the Israelites would fall away from their beliefs and take up Idol worship, so you will most definitely find non kosher things in the households...it was a pattern throughout the Old Testament.
@@HeilYahshua Correct. I believe everyone I listed, but the Eygptians falls under that umbrella technically, because Midian was one of Abraham's other son's by his wife Keturah if my memory serves me correctly. But some Egyptians left with them into the wilderness. They were married in basically. Also, Joseph's family would have been of Egyptian descent as well. The Philistines and Cananites wouldnt count either I suppose. But they still married in. So kind of a melting pot.
I have never read that Esau is pure (adamite), could you point me to where that is written in the bible? He was of the same bloodline as Jacob(Israel).
Abraham and most likely his wife Sarah (think she might have been a half sister) was a descendent of Eber, as was Lot his nephew (Moabites (includes Ruth) and Ammonites). Issac, Ishmael plus a bunch of others sons and daughters by his wife Keturah in turn would be descendents of Eber. Rebekah, Issaacs wife was also a cousin from the lineage of Nahor, also from Eber, meaning Jacob and Esau, and all their children would be considered descedants. Leah and Rachel as well (daughters of Laban(Rebekahs brother).
And just because a different ethnicity marries into a family, doesn't erase the fact that their children will have an ancestor that they might not have. We are all descendants of Noah and Adam ultimately. We aren't different races of people. Our DNA is 99.999 percent the same. That teenie tiny percentage after is what makes us unique looking. The world has always been a melting pot. The Israelites today are a melting pot of people, they have all kinds of skin tones all across the world. They always have. God told them not to marry other people because of their paganism not color of their skin. People who weren't direct descendents from the 12 tribes still chose to follow YHWH and married into the family. The Diaspora added on to this. I was literally reading the book of Ezra last week. The men were allowed to come back to Judea to rebuild their temple and got involved with some ladies that were not Jewish, they got reprimanded. But the women were allowed to live and they had children - during the time of Jesus their descendants would be apart of what the bible calls the Samaritans (Woman at the well). They were treated as second class, but still were still related. If we believe the story of Esther to be true she married a Persian. The bible is filled with so many stories like this. We know the son's of Jacob married the women of Cannan. Their wives and children are the one's that came with them to Egypt. And their descendants are called Hebrew in Exodus. Tamar and Rahab are Cananite women both in the lineage of king David and ultimately Jesus.
We know during the Roman era that "Jewish" people were spread out everywhere as well. Saul (turned to Paul) was born in what we now consider southern Turkey. So I am sure most of the Jewish people married within their communities, but history repeats itself, and there were most likely converts and or marriage to women/men of other ethnicities. Hence the melting pot we see today, because we all are.
I am not trying to whitewash anything either. I believe the people in the Old Testament ranged from olive to dark brown. Due to their Semitic origins and early marriage with Hamitic people groups (Cananites, Egyptians). But through the years they married other groups too. So you are going to have a plethora of skin tones. Solomon had tons of women in his life, so who knows where they all came from. Sheba included. She was possibly Yemenite or Ethiopian. So lots of marriages. Philistines who some people believe are very early people's from places that are now the islands surrounding Greece and Italy. They were enemies, but we know that Sampson married Delilah, so you have to assume others did as well. When they have done DNA studies on bones. A lot of the philistine genetics eventually blend with the peoples of the area.
We can go outside of the Bible too and look at the location and peoples of the Mediteranean. They all traded with each other, it was a central location for constant takeover from other nations. It was very easy to jump across the pond and start a new life and have relations with your neighbors.
My cousins kids are a great example of how you can be multi-ethnic, but still share same ancestor. I wont deep dive into their entire genetic heritage, but they have some ancestors from West African ethnic backgrounds and some European ethnic backgrounds. They might have a slight variation from me since I don't have anscestors from the region's in the West Africa, but we still share the same Viking ancestors. Doesn't change that. Genetics are a fascinating thing.
@@HeilYahshua the bible literally says Ruth was a moabite. Naomi her mother in law was an Israelite. The whole story of Ruth and Naomi is Ruth telling Naomi she that Naomi's God will be her God as well. Then they move back to Israel, and Ruth ends up marrying Boaz.
Secondly, I don't believe in different "races". I dont know what kind of Bible you read. In Ezra it mentions "Holy" race. But that is talking about a people that keeps God's commands and doesnt follow pagan beliefs, nothing to do with their ethnic heritage.
@@HeilYahshua I took hebrew lessons for a time. And was taught that Adam is mankind, ha-adamah is earth (clay, soil, land), and dam is blood. So one can assume that yes Adam means man of red clay. But that is describing what materials he is made up of. That is our creation story. We are all descendants of Adam. Do you not believe in the story if the flood in the bible? Technically Esau would have been a descendant of Shem one of Noah's sons. He married women that were descendants of another son of Noah Ham. All can go back to Adam though.
What is your worldview exactly? I dont want to call you a racist, but you keep bringing up race. God isn't a racist God. The bible says people of all tribes and nations will stand before the throne. Do you realize "racism" has ties to the belief in evolution. Evolution says we come from animals. And some of us are more evolved than others. Yes we share DNA with animals, but we also share DNA with trees and water, because we are of ha-adamah, the earth.
Do you believe God created mankind from the earth or do you think we evolved from animals? That is going to help me understand the things you are saying, because I think we might be coming from two very different worldviews.
I have never ever read the Bible and concluded or interpreted anything you are saying. So I am really confused.
Now if you are taking the word Edom (which translates to red) then sure maybe they were reddish looking people. But it seems like you are jumping through hoops to conclude that Esau was a "pure adamite" when the bible actually tells us that Abraham and even Eber were descendants of Shem, who ya, would be a descendent of Adam, but so would Ham and Japheth. The only thing that hasn't been mentioned is the Nephilim and how they fit into the story. And what your beliefs are on them. Maybe that is what is bringing you to these conclusions.
@@HeilYahshua I dont use king james
The people who are currently in Israel are not Isrealite, but converts who played the world of who they really are
Please present something other than your opinion. A peer-reviewed journal article in genetics, archeology, history........
Where did you guys comes from.
Their mothers
I appreciate the way this is presented. I've turned off too many 'experts' who are condescending atheists and make that exceptionally crystal clear. Thank you.
Christians have been condescending and condemning of nonbelievers for two thousand years. And that's the _least_ of their atrocities. Turn about is fair play.
Dr. Maeir, fascinating as always, great interview. 😜👍
Can we say that the Israelites were a particular group of people of semite origen closely related to Canaanites that over time developed into a semi power kingdom of their own?
The Rabbinic idea of not mixing meat and milk is definately a Rabbinic practice that came later, the commandment of Yehovah was do not boil a goat kid in its mother’s milk, not because God was abolishing a cheeseburger from our diets, it came from a Canaanite pagan practice to Baal where boiling a kid in its mother’s milk held pagan worship implications, and if you are Orthodox Jew, remember that Abraham took a kid and made gravy with milk and served it to the Angels of Yehovah and they did eat. The modern Rabbinic practice of no milk with meat is a Rabbinic enactment that comes from the Talmud in which many traditions add too or diminish from the commandments of Yehovah. And the Rabbis in their attempt to control the Jewish laity, or the common people, also have an enactment which is called takenot, or Maasim, ( what they do) that if you break any commandment of Yehovah that you can be forgiven it, but if you deliberately break takenot, or a Rabbinic enactment, you have no place in the world to come, so we must be careful of traditional teachings that are not biblical. In fact Yeshuah said if your righteousness does not exceed that of the scribes and Pharisees, or Rabinic Judaism, you cannot enter the kingdom of Heaven, Yeshuah was deliberately challenging the righteousness of the teachers and Rabbis of his day, on how to enter into the life to come