Tinkering with Nature’s Tools: The CRISPR Pioneer Feng Zhang
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 14 พ.ย. 2022
- www.iBiology.org
What makes CRISPR -Cas9 such a groundbreaking genome editing tool? Hear from CRISPR-Cas9 pioneer Feng Zhang, Ph.D., who shares not only what makes the tool so unique and how it works but also his personal journey into #science, which began with the film Jurassic Park. Zhang, who engineered the CRISPR-Cas9 system to work in human cells, is now using the tool to understand and treat human diseases, such as neurological disorders. In this short film, he compares CRISPR-Cas9 to past available genome-editing tools, including zinc finger and transcription activator-like effector (TALE) nucleases.
Speaker Biography:
Feng Zhang, Ph.D., is a core institute member of the @BroadInstitute of MIT and Harvard, as well as an investigator at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, the James and Patricia Poitras Professor of Neuroscience at MIT, and a professor at MIT. Zhang is also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Visit his lab website: zlab.bio.
Zhang is a molecular biologist developing and applying novel molecular technologies for studying the brain. He pioneered the development of genome editing tools for use in eukaryotic cells - including human cells - from natural microbial CRISPR-Cas9 systems. He and his team have adapted multiple other CRISPR systems for use as genome engineering tools, including RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas13 systems and CRISPR-associated transposon systems, which can be used for gene insertion.
Producers: Shannon Behrman, Meredith DeSalazar, Sarah Goodwin, Regina Sobel
Cinematographers: Derek Reich, Amanda McGrady
Interview by: Adam Bolt
Editor: Lee Rossoff
Graphics: Chris George, Maggie Hubbard
Associate Producer: Shelley Elizabeth Carter
Executive Producers: Shannon Behrman, Sarah Goodwin, Elliot Kirschner
Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under
creativecommons.org/licenses/b...
© 2007-2022 Science Communication Lab™. All rights reserved.
#biotechnology #genome - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
We have gathered all of our CRISPR films in a playlist. You can find the playlist here: th-cam.com/play/PLXwMdtHQav9Yob-hq8tsATQ-ANZJKB1Kc.html
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Can crispr help with schizophrenia.....?if we find all the
Genes that contribute to the condition can you just insert different gene variants ....
And normalize the person , the person be not sick nor ill make sane make them as healthy as other healthy humans.. can you give some lessons on this what can truly be done
Great video! I know Dr. Zhang is also using genetic editing to learn more about psychiatric disorders. I've been battling with depression, OCD and ADHD since i was a kid, so the people who are researching these terrible disorders are heroes to me. I hope that one day we will be able to use gene therapy to combat these horrible disorders that ruined so many lives. It would be great to hear Dr. Zhang's opinion about if and when he thinks this could be possible. I read an article from 2010 where Dr. Michael Kaplitt used gene editing to decrease depression in mice. They wanted to keep researching it, though sadly i don't know much more about it. Also a few months ago i heard about scientists editing the epigenome in mice to reverse the effects of trauma. I hope there will be more focus on using gene editing for such disorders in the future, it could help millions of people and maybe even lead to cures one day.
Why do you want to perform genocide?
@@danielmoore4024 Genocide?! I'm not sure i follow. I'm talking about developing the technology and knowledge to cure horrible things like depression, OCD, very severe forms of ADHD (i can't maintain my concentration no matter how hard i try, and medication doesn't help me) etc. I also don't want to force these cures on anyone, but i firmly believe everyone should have a choice to have a healthy body and brain, if they wish so. I want a world where people have the chance to be free from mental illnesses that greatly damaged my and many other's lives. I don't know how you can suddenly accuse me of "genocide".
@@johnboyghgfgd5813
You suggested genocide by claiming we should rid the earth of ADHD, just like they're doing to fetuses with Down syndrome.
ADHD is not even a disorder, it's a social construction. The genes associated with 'disorders' survive and persist for a reason, evolution shows mutations that persist offer biological and evolutionary advantages enhancing the adaptability of the population.
Do you really believe within 50 years 200+ more psychiatric disorders have developed? I'm afraid evolution is not that quick.
Depression and anxiety are not psychiatric disorders, this is a problem more people are noticing. So called professionals are medicalising humanity as if everything about a human is a disease.
Depression is a service to humans, not something to suffer from. The only people who suffer are those of you who choose to suffer.
So called 'disorders' are culturally generated by followers of Francis Galton.
@@johnboyghgfgd5813
There's no such thing as "severe" Autism, Autism is not a linear line from least autistic to most autistic.
If they weren't 'disorders' in the past that only proves they're not 'disorders' now, normality is the disease began by Francis Galton.
I've experienced depression myself and have studied depression. Depression increases creativity and wisdom. Most of the most creative people throughout history were only so creative because of their depression.
Ludwig van Beethovan and Vincent van Gogh are a couple of examples.
I am not concerned about no one but me, this effects the entire earth and every life form on it, I'm not looking at just myself, the more you eliminate from the gene pool the more likely humanity will become extinct. Just because something seems not good doesn't mean it's not, if I asked you about ADHD when you were 1 year old what would of you thought about ADHD?
I can safely assume nothing, you didn't suffer from ADHD at that age because you had not yet taught yourself to suffer from it. Even though ADHD is something you were born with you did not suffer until you chose to be indoctrinated with the belief you must suffer.
@@danielmoore4024 Clinical Depression is pretty much defined by suffering from it. There are people literally ending their own lifes because they can't take their depression anymore. And Vincent Van Gogh suffered horribly, is that really your example of depression not being bad?
Let's just agree to disagree, you seem to have a very peculiar view of things and i won't convince you otherwise.
Thank you Dr. Zhang and colleagues!
Wow!!
So even Feng dozed off in a lecture 😅. I guess am not alone after all 😅
Wow, this was beautiful
4:20 - Zinc Finger Endonuclease proteins, the old-school gene editing.
amazing presentation and explanation
Feng is a great man!
Great animations!
I'm interest in work with CRISPR-CAS . By the way, amazing video and informative 👏
thanks to dr zhang and his team and many more labs, us phds mds have the absolute kick of a time using crispr and other related tools to uncover the molecular mechanisms of so many hidden physiological processes and disease, i as an ophthalmologist for one use this to uncover the mystery of how the eye tries to reach emmetropia from hyperopia or myopia in primates, chicken & humans, salutations.
6:51 and onwards, a major typo in the subtitles: nucleases, no 'nucleuses'.
So its different from the common nucleus?
Nicely explained....!! Can we have more episodes on CRISPR Case9.
Can crispr help with schizophrenia.....?if we find all the
Genes that contribute to the condition can you just insert different gene variants ....
Make a person normalized not sick not I'll make sane make them as healthy as other healthy humans
Do I read tinkering?
I’d like to place an order for my son to have the height of Yao Ming, the speed of Usain Bolt, no actually the speed of a cheetah, the strength of a silverback gorilla and the wings of a falcon.
Woow
We dont know what we dont know! That makes biology scientists be more responsible and careful in researching.
0:57
I has to say., if buddha knew he wasn't the first, who's to say you're not all rediscovering what's already been discovered ad nauseum not only on this planet, but on others as well?
I'm saying everything/everyone is cyclical., like a ❤️ beat!
He is the man who really can win the award of Nobel Prize.
DMD treatment use to patient cure treatment technology
Lol, Pioneer or Pirate? Zheng backstabbed his mentor and then after founding a company with Doudna and Church he let the lawyers talk him into writing them out of the patents, while also writing out his primary collaborator who did about half of the actual bench work. Not how science should work. Probably a decent and obviously very smart investigator but he caved to the demands of the Boston lawyers who saw nothing but dollar signs.
:o.
Can you tell me where you read/heard about this? I'm quite interested in this story and would like to read up on the history if its online somewhere.
@@jacklu1611 Read Walter Isaacsons biography of Jennifer Doudna - "Codebreaker". Lays it all out and is fair in his commentary.
@@ubiqanon6405 Thank you good sir.
@@jacklu1611 That's what they get for not awarding him joint honors for the Nobel Prize, or at least acknowledging that he was instrumental in helping to innovate the technology, when he contributed to most of the groundbreaking work on the Cas9 mechanism. I'd call it a wash
Follow the $$$,,,
He, some how, reminds me of Elon musk
Nkkkooo the
Hey isn’t he using mRNA lipid nanopartcle just like in the vax
Tell me you know nothing about biochemistry without telling me you know nothing about biochemistry...
My recent concern and what needs to be discussed is genetically engineering autistic and other neurodivergent people out of existence.
They're disguising their eugenics. They're already aborting more black people than white, they already disallow disabled people to be born, more females are aborted than males, all advertisements of designer babies are images of white males.
There's advertisements of anti aging which has nothing to do with sicknesses or diseases, if it was only about sicknesses and diseases they wouldn't of ever thought of touching the human germline.
This is racism, sexism, ableism, communism, eugenics and capitalism.
They do not have the right to mess with a person's genes just because they perceive something about them as a "problem".
Autism is not a problem, they claim they value all humans equally, since they want to rub us out of existence they clearly do not see us as equal, they are full of discriminatory thoughts like Hitler doing eugenics. The problem is clearly they're view of autism and other primarily genetic conditions. I love being autistic, I wouldn't give it up for the world.
Molecular biologist Miroslav Radman writes, "Mutagenesis has traditionally been viewed as an unavoidable consequence of imperfections in the process of DNA replication and repair. But if diversity is essential to survival, and if mutagenesis is required to generate such diversity, perhaps mutagenesis has been positively selected for throughout evolution."
This will bring us to extinction. Especially since there's contradictory evidence.
Evelyn Fox Keller explains:
"We now know that mechanisms for enduring genetic stability are a product of evolution. Yet a surprising number of mutations in which at least some of these mechanisms are disabled have been found in bacteria living under natural conditions. Why do these mutants persist? Is it possible that they provide some selective advantage to the population as a whole? Might the persistence of some mutator genes in a population enhance the adaptability of that population? Apparently so. New mathematical models of bacterial populations in variable environments confirm that, under such conditions, selection favors the fixation of some mutator alleles and furthermore, that their presence accelerates the pace of evolution."
The mutants behind autism and other conditions like Down Syndrome offer some great advantages to the human race, diminishing the genes is a great risk because without those mechanisms there is no asurety of genetic stability pushing us in the direction of extinction.
Psychologist Howard Gardner warns:
"With the coming of age of genetics, the danger magnifies. Beyond doubt we will discover genes that are important for reading alphabetical scripts; and there is already evidence that a small set of genes may be related to reading problems. As with the brain evidence, such information can be helpful for early intervention; but it could easily be used for stigmatising purposes. Indeed, it might become relevant for marriage prospects, holding a job, securing insurance, or even eugenic purposes. And no doubt, especially in our interventionist society, individuals with a genetic predisposition for reading problems will look into different kinds of genetic engineering or therapy. It is possible that such interventions will work and have no negative side effects, but it is perhaps more likely that they will have unanticipated effects. And we might even want to consider which valued human abilities - eg. spatial or pattern recognition skills - might be placed at risk were we to target our interventions specifically at reading disorders."
They really want to destroy all alternative perceptions and ways of thinking. They're ignoring how many abilities they are going to destroy and how impoverished they are going to make our world because of their cultural myopia.
Each time they have tried playing God they have only caused harm. Who caused the climate change? Scientists playing God trying to control nature, did the Gods anticipate the climate change?
They are not only messing with humans, this whole earth is interconnected, they are messing with the entire ecosystem, with all life. How many species have been brought to extinction because of humans manipulating nature, there's endangered species today thanks to humans manipulating nature.
If we fail to understand and take care of the natural world, it can cause a breakdown of these systems and come back to haunt us in ways we know little about. A critical example is a developing model of infectious disease that shows that most epidemics - AIDS, Ebola, West Nile, SARS, Lyme disease and hundreds more that have occurred over the last several decades - don’t just happen. They are a result of things people do to nature.
The diseases they claim they want to cure were caused by doing this, so why are they doing it again?
Was the world ready for COVID-19 to strike? I doubt it.
World War II was caused by eugenics, why are they following Adolf Hitler's steps?
Mutations are not random or accidental, malaria is endemic in Africa and Africans have developed mutations that protect them from malaria through adaptation, the sickle cell mutation is a defence mechanism against malaria. Europeans don't have these mutations, if a European goes to Africa they are more likely to get a disease. It was mutations that enabled the Europeans to survive the 14th century bubonic plague.
Editing one gene may cure a disease but at the same time make them more susceptible to other diseases. Eliminate the sickle cell mutation from the gene pool and you've destroyed the only defence mechanism against malaria.
Such foolishness.
This is wicked and pure evil to think we don't deserve to be born just because we are different. CRISPR-Cas9 is a direct violation of human rights, especially human autonomy.
They need to sort their discriminatory thoughts out and not touch us without our consent!
"The Human Genome Project is founded upon a fallacy. There is no such thing as "the human genome." Neither in space nor in time can such a definite object be defined. At hundreds of different loci, scattered throughout the twenty-three chromosomes, there are genes that differ person to person. No body can say blood group A is "normal" and O, B, and AB are "abnormal." So when the Human Genome Project publishes the sequence of the typical human being, what will it publish for the ABO gene on chromosome 9? The project's declared aim is to publish the average or "consensus" sequence of 200 different people. But this would miss the point in the case of the ABO gene, because it is a crucial part of its function that it should not be the same in everybody. Variation is an inherent and integral part of the human - or indeed any - genome."
The BBC Reported:
This complete, single human genome will be a monumental technical achievement. Only 70 years have passed since the double-helix structure of DNA was first revealed, thanks in part to a grainy black and white image taken by Rosalind Franklin, transforming our understanding of how genetic information is stored. Today we have the capability to read the entire genetic 'textbook' that makes a person unique.
But the geneticists involved say it is also a beginning, not an end. They now want to sequence the genomes of people from around the world, to build up a true picture of our species' genetic diversity. They want to understand what the previously unsequenced sections of DNA are doing. And they want to roll out end-to-end genome sequencing in clinics, to help doctors diagnose and treat us when we get sick.
In short, the human genome will never be complete. We will never be done reading it.
www.bbc.com/future/article/20230210-the-man-whose-genome-you-can-read-end-to-end
Why were you lying to the public for decades already?
"My recent concern and what needs to be discussed is genetically engineering autistic and other neurodivergent people out of existence. " Why do you want people borning with a disable?
@@shokujinki
Because the vast majority of what you call 'disorders' are culturally generated and socially constructed, there is actually nothing wrong with individuals diagnosed with Autism, ADHD, Bipolar, Dyslexia, Down Syndrome etc... they are not biological 'abnormalities'. We simply take an alternative developmental trajectory in our growth while the averaging method is by Adolphe Quetelet and applying it to humans was Francis Galton's idea. Adolphe Quetelet by his own admission said the average man is the impossible man, there is no average person and 'normal' is mythology.
Those of us diagnosed with one or another have abilities those of you without are incapable of, why do you want to throw those important abilities away? There's even a hypophesis 90% of technology was invented by autistic individuals because of the way their brain enables them to recognise systems, see more than nonautistic people, detail oriented, pattern recognition, enhanced consistency in logical and analytical thinking. Why would I want to have all those skills vanish from the earth?
The mutations that persist do so because they provide biological and evolutionary advantages. All humans have mutations but most die, molecular biologists were interested in finding out which ones persist and why. Variation is the rule, not the exception, just like cultural evolution originates from the margins of society, human evolution originates from the margins.
So wanting to remove genetic disabilities is somehow bad? I have bad eye-sight so I wear glasses. I have a funky immune system so I have allergies. If I could have any of these fixed before birth why shouldn´t I? Why do you want your child to have to suffer from preventable diseases?
Autism is a developmental disorder. Who is harmed by preventing this disorder?
@@MisterK9739
Diseases and disabilities are not synonymous.
Disabilities are contextual, diseases are fatal.
Humans are not genetically deterministic, diseases don't have biological roots and that's the problem with the medical model.
Genes are not the "language of life", epigenetics are. The triggers to diseases are not the genes themselves.
@@danielmoore4024 that is incorrect. Diseases do not always have to be lethal. Diseases can have biological roots: multiple sclerosis, alzheimers, muscle dystrophy all have genetic components.
Muscle dystrophy is literally a mutation in one gene encoding a protein that plays a role in homeostasis of muscle tissue.
Please educate further on this topic if you want to be so polarizing about it.