Some clarification about Jizyah and Kharaj. Jizyah was actually a fixed amount and not a percentage. Its value was usually around 1-2 Dinars A YEAR. On the other hand, Zakat is a percentage therefore it's always variable in exact value. However, one thing that is certain is that it was almost always higher than Jizyah by orders of magnitude. I can't find exact numbers for reference but all sources from this time seem to agree on this aspect. However, this also means that the richer a Muslim gets, the more taxes they paid. However, the richer a non-Muslim got, they'd still pay the same amount (although there are cases where Jizyah could be increased for the rich for up to 20 Dinars. Still less than what a Muslim making the same amount would have to pay) Another thing to note is that Jizyah was only paid by men that are able to pay it. If you couldn't pay it, you are exempted from it. If you are a woman, child, or elderly, you were also exempted. Kharaj was 10% and almost every recorded case of it being higher was caused by corruption of the leader of the area. Usher was also 10%. That means, overall, non-muslims were paying less taxes than Muslims AND they didn't have to go to war and Muslims were actually forced to protect them. Finally, to put all of this all into perspective. The average American pays 15-20% of their annual income in taxes. Some parts of Europe pay 50% or more. No matter how you look at it, both Muslims and non-Muslims during that period of time paid significantly less taxes than what we pay today.
As a Berber myself I have to clarify something … First of all great video I love the animations, humor and of course historical facts of it all. I only wish to point out that in no way berbers are « fair » skinned because of european empires … Berbers have inhabited North Africa for at least 6000 years and we have paintings of them (called Lybians back then) dating back to the ancient egyptian civilization and they were white… whiter than the egyptians even though no european had ever set foot in North Africa yet. Genetic studies have debunked the myth of European ascendance a while ago now. Berbers (or amazigh) are either whitish in the north (Rif🇲🇦, Kabyle 🇩🇿 …) tan a bit more south (Chleuh🇲🇦) and only a feeew are black (tuareg and certain mixed chleuh in morocco). Most black amazighs are black because of mixing during the slave trade … not the other way around. Modern day Chleuhs from the High Atlas🇲🇦 are those who mixed the less (genetically and linguistically proven) and they are at most tanned. We must keep in mind that Africa is a continent where multiple indigenous ethnicities and colors co-exist… just like in Asia there are Huan Chinese but also Arabs and also Punjabis etc … multiple colors indigenous to a single continent. Africa is not only black, Africa is white/tan to the north because well… Mediterranean climate, and black to the south of the Sahara. Other than this beautiful video thank you keep it up 🫡
You have to understand that there was actually a Greek dynasty which ruled Egypt for a while. I'm not disagreeing with you, but just clarifying something. If anyone wants to know, just look up the ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, cleopatra was not Egyptian; she was Greek.
@@potassium3550Yup of course that too is a fact, even though it bothers Netflix … However the Ptolemaic dynasty was rather recent in egyptian history, about 3000 years after it started.
@walidjd7091 I don't know akhi they got a racial agenda, and they always seem to feel they gotta make everything racial. Cleopatra was a deplorable woman, and I hardly understand why some would get so upset that she isn't their particular skin color.
@@potassium3550 The ptolemies were known to not mix with the local Egyptian population. Or really anyone else outside first degree family. The society they ruled over was multi ethnic and cultural. Greeks, Romans, Egyptians, Libyans, Nubians, mixed, etc.
I wonder if the author just use them as "catch-all term" for North African residents before Ummayid. Whether it be Amazigh/Berber tribesman or city dwellers on the coast descended from Phoenicians and Romans.
Jizyah was not a percentage it was a fixed amount and depended on the income of the person from 4 to 20 for the rich 1 for the poor(dinars)(gold coin). Sources: 1Islamic Jurisprudence: Classical Islamic jurists like Abu Yusuf, a prominent disciple of Imam Abu Hanifa, wrote about the jizya in his work Kitab al-Kharaj. He describes how the jizya should be assessed based on a person’s financial status, with different fixed amounts assigned to the wealthy, middle class, and the poor. 2Historical Accounts: The jizya was implemented differently across various Islamic empires, such as the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates. Historical texts from these periods often describe the jizya as a fixed annual levy, rather than a percentage of income. 3 Modern Scholarship: Contemporary historians like Bernard Lewis and Ira M. Lapidus have written extensively on Islamic taxation, including the jizya. In their works, they discuss how the jizya was applied as a fixed sum and how the rates varied by region and time period.
Should also be noted that by the mid/late-Ummayad and early-Abbasid states the Kharaj was def levied on land usually regardless of religion. During the rule of Umar II kharaj and slave taxes were generally abolished, however due to various military and financial issues kharaj was re-introduced under the Caliphate of Hisham. This together with Kharijite agitation led to sentiments of revolt. Most governors also commonly mistreated their Berber regiments/auxiliaries, which led to them becoming disaffected and some infilitrated by the Kharjites. When around ~740 AH when the oppressiveness of general taxation increased by the Maghrebi governors, Sufri Kharjites managed to instigate the Berber Revolt (also for this reason known as the Kharijite Revolt).
We're also forgetting that if you are responsible for a family (say 3 children, your wife if she has no wealth, your mother, and your mother in law if they also dont have individual wealth, which was very common at the time due to women not being able to work and instead caring for their families), you have to pay for THEIR zakat, as you are responsible for them, meaning not only do you have to pay your 2.5%, but you also have to pay an accumulated 12.5%, which adds up to 25% on zakat alone, most of the muslim population during caliphates had big families and were responsible for a number of people in their family, however jizya is only paid if you are a healthy working man that can afford jizya, you dont have to pay jizya for other individuals, children dont have to pay jizya, elderly people don't have to pay jizya, and women didnt have to pay jizya either, and jizya is paid in return for the services and protection that the islamic caliphate provides, there were mutliple instances where jizya had to be returned to non muslims due to the caliphate's inability to provide any of these services
@@HardradaDbYTThats not how Zakat works. Only people who have wealth more than the minimum standard for Zakat (nisab) of 85 g of gold or 595 g of silver would have to pay Zakat, which is 2.5% of total wealth. A man will not be paying for his wife or children or mother unless they have their own wealth, and they are expected to pay it, not him, that is not allowed.
Cool video, but, there was a mistake. Abd el-Rahman founded an Emirate, it was Abd el-Rahman III who started the caliphate of Cordoba, and when the caliphate ended, the templars were not the ones attacking it, the ones attacking it were the christian kingdoms on the north (Castilla, Leon, Navarra, and the Catalan and Aragones counties, and later, Portugal)
Islam exempted women, children, the poor, monks, and the disabled from paying the jizya. The jizya was not collected from women, girls, boys, the poor, the elderly, the blind, the lame, the monk, or the mentally ill. Islam went further and took it upon itself to provide for the elderly and disabled among the People of the Covenant. The jizya was often a fixed amount that was estimated according to their economic status.
3:20 The Berbers werent european settlers 😅, the berbers were light skinned due to the region of north africa, unlike sub saharan or southern regions of africa the skin of the people of north Africa were lighter skinned, Mediterranean. Anyways im sure some europeans had settled in Ifriqia and likely even vandals but they assimilated into Berber culture
Or “Berbers” in the video context would be “anyone in North Africa before Ummayid, whether you are Berber/Amazigh tribesmen or descendents of coastal city settlers”.
At this point I'm assuming that oversimplified is on a million dollar project of making a three hour long Punic war video with crazy war scenes every ten minutes
5:35 yes non Muslims were allowed to join the military and they were exempted from paying jizya, and no it wasn’t a fixed 30% tax it depends on the payer for example a male must pay his taxes while women. Handicapped, monks, hermits did not pay jizya
@@Charliiiie So working adults above 18 nowadays are discriminated because they're forced to pay taxes AND is mandatory to serve in the army when needed?
Pretty sure the blurry name meant that it was fair in pure Islam, not fair in the Ummayad system. To start, Jizya is not 10% of your wage, never was. Jizya also has nothing to do with not fighting in the army, it has to do with not being Muslim but anyhow, Kharaj was never mentioned once in a Hadith or the Quran. Kharaj was made as a "counterpart to Zakat" but religiously, Jizya is already a counterpart to Zakat. They were just a greedy empire, but whatever commenter came in probably meant it in that Islam was fair in its original taxation methods, before later empires got greedy.
@@forget112cv9correct for the late Ummayd period, not for tax in principle Jiziyah*in principle* was a fixed protection tax levied on males who did not work for the state (non Muslims can and did hold positions in Muslim states, John of Damascus, the first christian to write a polemic against Islam, was the son and grandson of highly ranked Ummayd officials), who were also not poor, who also we're not monks or men of religion, and who didn't join Muslim armies. It was levied on non Muslims only because Muslims can't opt out of joining Muslim armies. Non Muslims also didn't have to pay the Zakat levied on Muslims. The fact that it was a protection tax can be observed by the fact that Muslim armies returned the Jiziyah taken from the people of Southern Syria after they withdrew temporarily from the advancing Roman armies during the Rashidun conquest of the Levant Of course this is the Jiziyah in principle, in practice the nature of the tax changed with rulers, rarely adhering to the exact principle It was also wrong about non Muslims being forbidden from joining Muslim armies, it probably was a policy for certain rulers at certain times, but in the vast majority of cases Muslim armies had non Muslims in it, but it would usually be a certain ethnic or religious group, not random individuals The video was also wrong about the nature of the Zakat tax, as it was not based on revenue, but on fixed holdings (money/assets that did not change hands), and on it being spent exclusively on Muslims, Zakat is meant for the state to spend, and at least under the rule of Umar II it was spent on the poor regardless of religion (Umar II is considered by most Muslims to be the extra 5th and last Rashidun -meaning just- Caliph, the late Ummayd rulers who instigated the discriminatory laws on non Arabs are generally seen in a bad light by both Muslims and Muslim jurists)
Exactly !!!!!. His financial comparison is wrong on so many aspects. Firstly, ZAKAT is 2,5% of a 1 year untouched wealth, not of income, so it's not 2.5% of 100$, it's 2,5% of the entire wealth that the muslim gathered his entire life, so it's a lot more than 2,5$, unless the muslim is poor and can't accumulate wealth, then he pays nothing. Secondly, USHER is not a fiwex 10%, it's either 5% or 10% depending on the access of water to the farm. Thirdly, JIZYA is not about non muslims not doing military service, they can participate in battle with muslims, and it's proven from the prophet's treaty with the jews in Madina. JIZYA is about the payment for protection provided by muslims to non muslims properties, and historically, when muslims in Andalusia lost the war and had to flee, they gave back the jizya to the non muslims because they couldn't protect them. Fourthly, and most importantly, KHARAJ is not a tax for non muslims, it's a payement for renting a state land. The land belongs to the state, and so anyone who uses it and benefit from it has to pay KHARAJ, either he's a muslim or not. So basically you can't count KHARAJ in the comparison because it can be for both muslim and non muslim. and Zakat is 2.5% of wealth not income, so it's a lot bigger. You can't make a clear numeric comparison, but generally, muslims should pay more than non muslims.
@@tkthebeyonder6714He mentions it's a wealth tax, not an income tax, though? That makes little difference since most people wouldn't be accumulating enough wealth to make that much of a difference; you are only excluded from Zakat if you're too poor to pay, not if you can't accumulate wealth. Ushr usually 10%, and mentioning that it would sometimes go down to 5% would actually help the point he is trying to make. Jizya is about military exemption, and while it is true that some Muslim states allowed non Muslims in the army in return for exemption from jizya, this wasn't the case under the Umayyads (and it wasn't the case under the Rashidun or the prophet either) so that's irrelevant. Kharaj was never mentioned in the Quran or Hadith, and has no religious basis; it was improvised by the Umayyads, and was only levied on non Muslims, it only became a tax for all landowners following reforms by the Abbasids. The taxes were always larger for non-muslims, and escaping these higher taxes has always been a major cause for conversion.
16:50 actually it was called the emirate of cordoba because abdul rahman still recognized the abbasids as the main caliphate it was only like very later was it called the caliphate of cordoba.
yeah in the 900s under abdurrahman 3rd it was called Caliphate as a clash against the Fatimids who themselves claimed Caliphate at the expense of taking over the Abbasids and their vassals like the Aghlabids and Tulunids
~3:20 This isn't accurate. There definitely were lighter-skinned Berber/Amazigh ("Berber" comes from "Barbarian," some consider it offensive, "Amazigh" is a popular alternative) people, including plenty who had recent European ancestry, but the majority more closely resembled (and still resemble) West Asians. This is because in the stone age there were several waves of migration into North Africa from West Asia, with the migrants absorbing earlier "Black"-looking peoples to form the foundations of the modern North African population. This was early enough that Amazigh DNA is detectably distinct from West Asian DNA, so we can pretty easily distinguish between the foundational DNA of modern Amazigh people and the more recent influence of European and Asian migrants. North Africa has always been a melting pot, but it hasn't experienced huge population turnover; the number of Europeans who moved to Africa during Roman rule was not significant enough to significantly change the average appearance. Genetics also show that the majority of the modern Arab population of North Africa is ALSO primarily descended from local Amazigh populations, who were culturally assimilated into Arab identity, not replaced; hence, the North African population probably didn't look super different before the Arab conquests than it does today.
Inaccurate, although your info is appreciated, the idea that west asians immigrated into north africa is a ridiculous theory that hasnt been proven at all by anything besides the talltales of a few old greek philosophers who thought that tribes of aryans and persians were the ancestors of berbers and that was untrue, West asians and North Africans share the same looks mostly due to similar climates and arab intermingling with the local populatuon, and even then, we still look very different from each other by country, Egyptians look very similar to arabs because Egyptians arent considered apart of the Amazigh countries and were heavily settled and mixed with arabs since their early conquest, whereas places like Morocco has people that barely look like Arabs of Arabia proper, Imazighen had been the natives of north Africa for as long as human history existed, with cave paintings accredited to us since 6000 years old and depicting much of us as of a light skin and even ancient egyptians depicting our ancestors (then called Lybians) as of a lighter skin nearly 3000 years later, amazigh barely mixed with romans or vandals at all and often stood at odds with them and conducted raids into their lands, european colonization also barely left any effect, the only mixing being extremely minor cases with colonists such as the Pied noir and Italians and those left as soon as independence was gained, as most of the native population held hatred towards those colonizing them and didnt want to intermingle with them, in any case the idea that west asians migrated to north africa to surplant and change a native of the people is an idea that i only saw black supremacist afrocentrists ever use, Imazighen werent considered one united people or race until only recently and every tribe had an origin and culture, Amazigh is more like an umbrella word for natives of north africa at this point.
@@nabilrifai8877 ...My dude, read what I actually said next time before typing an essay. I said "in the stone age." I'm talking about the genetic evidence, which is that Imazighen are primarily descended from people who migrated into Africa from West Asia, probably in multiple waves, between about 40,000 and 6,000 years ago, who mixed with previously existing populations from the region (since North Africa has been populated for some 300,000 years by various groups of people). Literally nothing to do with Greek theories, and we're talking thousands of years before "Aryans" were a thing. And I'm aware that Imazighen are diverse in appearance. So too are West Asians; my point was that in general it's more accurate to compare Imazighen to West Asians than to call them "European lookalikes," as there is a greater degree of overlap between West Asian and North African features (as any overlap between North African and European features ALSO exists between West Asian and European features, while much of the overlap between Amazigh and West Asian features is rare in Europe).
12:40 fun fact: while Abd Al-Rahman waited for Badr to gather supporters, he was harrased by the berber tribes who had to pay ransom so they can leave him alone. But as he beginning to sail over the Strait of Gibraltar, another berber triebe tried to kidnap him. According to legend, one raider grabbed the boat with his hand so the prince had to chop off his hands to escape. The sword training came in HANDY :))
Let’s clarify a few things: In Islam, the religion doesn’t concern itself with the actions of certain individuals. There is no prescribed percentage for Jizyah, unlike Zakat, which is set at 2.5% of one’s wealth. Non-Muslims are not entirely exempt from military service; they may choose to join the army or pay Jizyah, which is never more than the taxes paid by Muslims. Muslims, on the other hand, are required to pay Zakat and other government taxes, regardless of their military service. A Muslim nation must protect non-Muslims under its rule and never impose unjust hardships or laws upon them, as doing so is entirely against Islam.
Yeah fr, even nowadays non-muslims are priviledged in muslim societies, like coptic christians in Egypt or the christians in Pakistan, they're very protected and pay no taxes. 🙂
Bro the jizya is 1.5 The zakat is 2.5 And the rules of jizya is word for word is On whom jizyah is imposed Masculinity and puberty Mind Freedom Financial ability Safety from chronic disabilities Not to be one of the monks who seclude themselves to worship in cells He should not be one of the farmers and tillers who do not fight.
@@PeterRaafat-w7d tf What are you saying lil pro Don't make ur self stupid The sakat is on of the beller of Islam of course it's forced upon us Sec you tell me the strong wealthy non Muslim don't have 1.5 of money like the west well take not 1.5 The will take everything and will sh it on the person Stop making things like these
@@PeterRaafat-w7d What are you saying lil pro Don't make ur self stupid The sakat is on of the beller of Islam of course it's forced upon us Sec you tell me the strong wealthy non Muslim don't have 1.5 of money like America and Europe well take not 1.5 The will take everything and will sh it on the person Stop making things like these
This would be an AMAZING Assassins creed game. Like if the MC sides with the Prince and the Mayor is a Templar puppet who is destabilizing the region for them, or somethin'. Just sounds like a funny and good story for a AC Game
@@Mr.Frizwall To be fair, Yatsuke was like popular in meme circle. THOUGH I am not sure if they actually remember the "DNA memory device" from Assassin's Creed after 3rd game (or 4th?) and thought Ezio's descendent died on that one. Like I forgot that the device user was a new one and I was like "Man, his genepool be rich". Are they just doing random and ignore that device plotline (especially world being run by evil alien god thing)? ((Ironically, Valhalla planned DLC became Mirage. At least being set in Baghdad, BUT it was in Abassid area. Part of me wonder if it had to do with Byzantine merchant in one area, like maybe hiring Viking mercenaries to attack Arabs in Spain since Norse did manage to raid there...but unfortunately, Arabs had actual army and navy. Same goes with Constantinople, which also had flamethrower ships.))
This is the problem with the average guy talking about the history of the umayyad caliphate , basically most of the TH-camrs talking about the umayyad tell the story from a liberal point of view as if the ummayads lived in the modern world!! If you want to know what is unfair and fair you have to compare the umayyads to other empires at the time like the Romans, the Sassanids and the Western European kingdoms ! Overall, the Umayyad Caliphate's system was likely the least harsh for the average citizen, especially for Muslims, due to a generally more balanced and less corrupt approach to taxation compared to the Roman and Sassanid empires. The other point is the Berber revolt , actually the revolt doesn't end the ummayads rule in north Africa but weakening it , and the reasons are numerous, and basically the revolution was led by Kharijites , this sect get support in north Africa , and gained popularity , so the idiological part play a major role in the events , not just taxation. And actually the ummayads continue to control several coastal areas in eastern Algeria ( I am my self Algerian from east Algeria) and ifryquia ( Tunisia) , syranica (Libya) before the Abbasids took over...in fact the ummayads archive an important victory at the Battle of al-Asnam (742 AD) against Sufrite Kharijites near telemacen western Algeria * About the Berbers : white skin Berbers can't be related for sure to romans or white settlers , it is true that some Berbers have different origins but Muslim historians mostly speaks about mazigh ibn ( son of ) Canaan , who is considered as the father of Berbers ... * I am my self an arab , who speaks Arabic as his mother tongue , can't tell much about Berbers
for the berbers they where here for 6000 years so it's not they are white because they mixed with european they are white because of where they lived look at the kabyle in the coast of Algeria or the rif in Morocco of course they where mixed with the pheonician italians and sub-sahran african
@@mrhonkhonk6116 Skin colour is not a key factor in ethnic identity , you can always find differences , we knowthat there is white Arabs , black , brown, ..ect , the prophet Muhammad peace and blessing be upon him himself was white , in the Hadith : Rabee‘ah ibn Abi ‘Abdur-Rahmaan narrated, “I heard Anas ibn Maalik describe the Prophet (ﷺ) saying, ‘He was of medium height amongst the people, neither tall nor short; he had a fair white color (Azhar), not absolutely white (Amhaq).’” [Al-Bukhari] Another Hadith describe him , when a man asks how is the prophet of Allah , and the companions responded : “This white man reclining on his arm.” And the same thing for the Berbers , they are varying between darker and lighter skin colours ...
وهنا ليبي يوافقك الرأي لديهم نظرة قاصرة من ناحية المنظور الاسلامي و الشريعة الخراج ليس له وجود من ناحية الابراطورية كان فيها بعض الفساد ولاكن كان اقل بأضعاف مضعفه من نظائرها في تلك الحقبة
@@abdoalwahab_bin_dakheel مشكلة عامة الغربيين وحتى الأكاديميين هو أنهم يخوضون بكل جرأة في ما ليس لهم به علم ، و يتوصلون إلى استنتاجات غريبة ، و الحقيقة هي أنه يجب عليك التعمق بشكل كبير في التراث الإسلامي حتى لا اقول تفهم بل تبدأ في فهم سيرورة التاريخ الاسلامي و فهم العقل العربي و نظرته لنفسه ومن حوله و التغيرات الحاصلة في كل حقبة و كيف أرخ لها المؤرخون على اختلاف مشاربهم ... واهم شيء خلال هذا أن لا يحتكم الباحث إلى المراحل التاريخية اللاحقة أو المعاصرة ، فهل يمكن القول من وجهة نظر تاريخية أن الإمبراطورية الرومانية كانت دولة غير عادلة أو مقارنتها بإمبرياليات أوروبا الصناعية ؟ رغم أن الرومان امتلكوا نظام ضرائب تسبب بثورات لانهائية ، و في إحدى مراحل الإمبراطورية كان ثلث السكان عبيدا!!...الخ ، لكن الناس لا يركزون على هذه الجوانب غالبا عند الحديث عن روما .. لماذا؟ لأن الصورة المترسخة عن الرومان رغم وحشيتهم بمعايير العصر هي أنهم كانوا امبراطورية منظمة تحتكم للقوانين والدستور و قاموا بإنشاء هياكل عملاقة و حكموا باقتدار لقرون وخلفوا تراثا لا غنى عنه ، و هذه نظرة فلاسفة عصر التنوير الأوروبي!
You will probably never read this but thank you for telling a forgotten but amazing story and especially for not being hateful towards anyone in your videos which is too common today
You're very wrong on jizya man theres no such thing as 20% or however % jizya, its a fixed amount and according to islamic beliefs if you financially unable to pay it you're exempt from paying it, people who pay jizya actually have it better than muslims who pay zakat and such, please do more research on jizya and use actual arab and muslim sites
@@ender0998bro this is literally history not current events. Either im stupid or you’re implying that someone would have more Islamophobia over something that happened over a millennia ago?! What?!
The financial comparison is wrong on so many aspects. Firstly, ZAKAT is 2,5% of a 1 year untouched wealth, not of income, so it's not 2.5% of 100$, it's 2,5% of the entire wealth that the muslim gathered his entire life, so it's a lot more than 2,5$, unless the muslim is poor and can't accumulate wealth, then he pays nothing. Secondly, USHER is not a fiwex 10%, it's either 5% or 10% depending on the access of water to the farm. Thirdly, JIZYA is not about non muslims not doing military service, they can participate in battle with muslims, and it's proven from the prophet's treaty with the jews in Madina. JIZYA is about the payment for protection provided by muslims to non muslims properties, and historically, when muslims in Andalusia lost the war and had to flee, they gave back the jizya to the non muslims because they couldn't protect them. Fourthly, and most importantly, KHARAJ is not a tax for non muslims, it's a payement for renting a state land. The land belongs to the state, and so anyone who uses it and benefit from it has to pay KHARAJ, either he's a muslim or not. So basically you can't count KHARAJ in the comparison because it can be for both muslim and non muslim. and Zakat is 2.5% of wealth not income, so it's a lot bigger. You can't make a clear numeric comparison, but generally, muslims should pay more than non muslims.
What are your sources for the tax section? It seems that some information was misrepresented, oversimplified, and also Im wondering where you got the numbers from at all since the taxes varied significantly. Plus in the 7th century the kharaj and jizyah were the same thing? The 20-50% kharaj you are referring to is from the Delhi Sultanate, which has nothing to do with the Ummuyads. From Princeton University press: Quote: "Jizya was levied upon dhimmis in compensation for their exemption from military service in the Muslim forces. If dhimmis joined Muslims in their mutual defense against an outside aggressor, the jizya was not levied."" So why did you say they had to be muslim to join? You should be more rigorous with your research! "the insignificant amount of this yearly tax, the fact that it was progressive, that elders, poor people, handicapped, women, children, monks and hermits were exempted, leave no doubt about exploitation or persecution of those who did not accept Islam. Comparing its amount to the obligatory zaka which an ex-dhimmi should give to the Muslim state in case he converts to Islam dismisses the claim that its aim was forced conversions to Islam." I am not sure if it was a harmless mistake or agenda-based misrepresentation, either way it's disappointing as it took me about 10 minutes to find the facts.
Its good to see some people were able to point this out, thanks. Also, didn't it feel weird that somehow, the guy made it seem like not having to fight in the army was a bad thing?
The Kharaj during the late Umayyad period was between 1/4 and 1/3, so while not exactly 20% to 50%, it's still pretty high, at least 25%. Non-muslims weren't allowed to join the military under the Umayyads, later on in some other Muslim states, they were allowed to, but not under the Umayyads, so that's irrelevant. The tax wasn't insignificant, being progressive doesn't mean anything, and women, children, monks, and hermits didn't have any wealth so this in practice, this means little. The jizya was definetly higher than the tax for Muslims, which is why conversion was way faster under the Abbasids than Umayyads, because while the Umayyads required converts to pay Jizya, the Abbasids. Just because it comes from a university, doesn't mean it's not biased and a load of nonsense. I can't even find this quote anywhere actually.
@@Nomad-sp6kqHaving a tax levied on you in return for military exemption, without getting the option to join the military and avoid the tax is a bad thing.
Abdurrahman Al dakhil is one of the most and bravest men in Arab history. He is been called "Sakr Khurysh" which means the hawk of Khutysh and the first who called him by this name was his first enemy Abo Ja'afar Al mansor the first Abbasid Caliph And has a statue that stills to this day in Cordoba in Spain
Small issue, Usher was 10% and its translation means a 10th part. Of course many governors did increase it cause their greedy and both the Umayyads and Abbasids were non-Muslims at best. It is still unfair but you didn't include other Islamic taxes like Khums. Finally Zakat didn't only go to Muslims (again terrible govern ship) but to everyone and there was a common saying that if a governor ate well while his people stole to survive, his hand should be cut.
“The Umayyads and Abbasids were non-Muslims at best” who are to talk about cousins of the prophet and their relationship with their creator? Do you perhaps know something we don’t?
3:23 the berbers we're originally white skinned not black or europeans, the only black berber are the tuaregs in southern algeria and north mali 😅 3:34 and also the berbers weren't "easy to conquer" many revolted against the ummayads since dihya and kusaila to the berber revolt
@@EXOTIC_individual al idrissi? avenzoar? avenzoar? ibn battuta? al murrakushi? yusuf ibn tachfin? bochus? juba 2? abd el moumin? yaqub al mansur? tariq ibn ziyad?
Nice and useful video ♥️ .. But there is a lot of misinformation about the subject of taxes .. 1- Zakat was spent on Muslims and non-Muslims and there is a Quranic verse that confirms that .. 2- The jizya did not exceed 2.5% annually and was on some segments of non-Muslim society .. Non-Muslims could join the Umayyad army and there were Arab tribes that were Christian such as the Ghassanids and they were present in the army
Allah, this felt like an entire movie and I enjoyed every second of it! Genuinely one of the most fun I've ever had on the platform while also learning a heck lot of things. 10/10 channel. You've earned a new loyal fan
2 seconds in and this is already one of the best videos of all time, I loved the sponsorship plot twist. So glad that the second episode of this masterpiece finally released!
As a Muslim, I would like to address some of the misinformation in your video. While I understand that simplifying complex topics is sometimes necessary, it's important to ensure accuracy. Historically, the contributions of Arab and Muslim civilizations, particularly in the fields of science, medicine, and architecture, have greatly influenced the modern world, including advancements in hygiene and public infrastructure. I also believe it’s essential to acknowledge all parts of history, including the difficult chapters. Many cultures, including ours, have experienced both struggles and achievements. However, portraying one-sided or inaccurate views can be harmful. I respectfully encourage more thorough research to avoid misleading others. I will be reporting this video, not out of anger, but because I believe that spreading accurate information is crucial for mutual understanding and respect among all people.
The points that was misinfoed in the video : Jizya and Military Service: Jizya was a tax on non-Muslims in Islamic states, providing them protection and exemption from military service. Non-Muslims were not allowed in the army to ensure that only those committed to defending the Islamic state served. In return, Jizya was often lower than the Zakat and other taxes Muslims paid. Additionally, if the Islamic state failed to protect a non-Muslim community, the Jizya was refunded. The Haraj Tax: Haraj was a land tax based on productivity, not an arbitrary amount. It could sometimes be higher for non-Muslims, but Muslims paid Zakat, which supported public welfare. Claims of a 50% tax are exaggerated; it was generally within reasonable limits and based on the land's output. Converts to Islam and Taxes: When non-Muslims, like the Berbers, converted to Islam, they were typically exempt from Jizya. If some local authorities wrongfully imposed old taxes on new Muslims, it was due to corruption or mistakes, not Islamic law, which promotes fairness and justice.
Edit: Grammar First of all, phenomenal video! love the graphics and the way you tell the story! But, not sure where you got your information about the taxes from, I would advise you to read more about it. Kharaj is a tax that is paid by farmers (land owners) regardless of faith. Jizya, has been always lower than Zakat (for the most part). Jizya had a tiered system where the amount paid depends on how wealthy a person is. Poor people, women, children, the elderly, and religious figures (like priests) did not have to pay the Jizya. For people who did have to pay the Jizya, there were usually three tiers (Rich, middle class, and poor). Again, the poor didn’t pay Jizya, others paid it depending on how much they make. “Usher” means “A tenth”, which means 10% of what you make, which in this case you were correct. Kharaj would be exactly the same for muslims and non-muslims. They only comparison would be between zakat and Jizya, which Jizya was usually lower. Also the taxes that were paid by the berbers under roman rule, was significantly higher, maybe I am missing something, but I don’t think it was the driving force behind their revolts. I believe it’s because the Ummayads gave arabs special treatment compared to other people living in the caliphate. I realize this is somewhat of a generalization, but it’s important to look at each period individually. These numbers definitely changed throughout history.
Just to clarify, we berbers we're alwayd lighter skinned than our sub saharan counter parts and were the natives to north Africa . While yes many European empires did conquer us they never really mixed a lot because we'd retreat to the mountains till and use guerrilla warfare till they'd leave.
A message from Saladin : As a Muslim historian, it isn't exactly my claims on history... But I reallyyyyyy enjoy the vid... And I absolutely loved every minute of it 🔥🔥🔥 Good job, man👌
*bros travel for years through the desert, fight bandits, Arab armies and Berbers, build a country together and live happily ever after* Historians: "they were the bestest of friends!"
Would love to see more history about Spain since it was in this video. Different peoples trying to take the Basque Country and ultimately failing, the Crown of Aragon taking a lot of the western Mediterranean, Eneko Arista becoming first king of pamplona etc
Good video, but just a small correction: the Berbers were not black before the Romans arrived, only small parts of Berbers were black (mostly those living in the Sahara) the rest were either brown or white.
great video, just a small correction to us ethnic people (Im a berber) we berbers are not black we are olive/brownish skinned and sometimes white but there's black berbers in the Sahara desert.
A quick comment on the Berber revolt: in Al-Andalus, the Berbers were defeated, some having already defected to the Visigoths in the North beforehand, while the rest were expelled by Andalusian Arabs and the few that remained had to pretend to be Arabs to avoid detection. In the Maghreb, there were four major battles, the first two battles, Al-Ashraf and Baqdoura, the Berber Kharijites defeated the Arab Umayyad army, while losing the latter two, Al-Qarn and Al-Asnam, decisively. Subsequently, the Umayyads managed to regain their control over the Maghreb and Al-Andalus, as told by Moroccan historian Al-Nasiri in his book Al-Istiqsa, p. 96: "And Hanthala held onto the Maghreb in the best condition until the Caliphate started waning in the East and its voice dimmed after what struck the Umayyads from the sedition of the corrupt Al-Walid."
The information in the video about Jizya and kharaj is misleading. Non-Muslims pay jizya in exchange for protection and exemption from military service that's correct, but with amounts based on financial capacity: the wealthy paid around two dinars annually (one dinar is around 4.5 gold grams), the middle class paid less, and the poor were exempt. And about the kharaj is considered as a land tax applied equally to Muslims and non-Muslims, typically up to 20% of the land’s produce, not a percentage of income. These systems were established to ensure social justice and the state's protection of its citizens.
I found last night about this channel, saw you posted 3 months ago and i thought "oh no its dead", and here we are today...so glad you posted, amazing stuff !
5:17 That's inaccurate. The Islamic armies that fought Bizantium in the Levant and along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean were largely made up of Bene Ghassan, an Arab Christian Tribe. You also missed the fact that Jizya isn't a fixed percent, it is negotiable. Almost all travellers through the Muslim world noted that they never found Jews paying more than a dinar. Add to this that all Muslims must pay Zakat, while only battle able Dhimmi men had to pay Jizya. If you were too old or to young to fight, or if you were a woman, you didn't have to pay Jizya. Finally, as you mentioned, Zakat is calculated based on wealth, so if I made 100 bucks and only paid 12.5 this year; I, as a muslim, will have to take what's left from the previous year into calculating next year's zakat, ad infinitum. Dhimmis don't have that. Does Jizya live up to our standards of Secularism and separation of church and state? No. Could Muslim rulers it however they want, and use it in ways that go against the religion just to exploit the Dhimmis? Of course, they were rulers! Everyone knows rulers are the most curropt people on earth. Was Jizya better than everything else at the time, and even some things in our times? I would say yes.
I usually don't comment but I have to say that I watched several videos and didn’t find a more fair historical channel than this channel. Respect, new subscriber here.
4:37 pls don't misrepresent Islam om something you could just google. Mistakes like this makes your video or research so questionable. People entitled to give zakat are 8 categories. Mainly: Poor Needy zakat employees Non Muslims Freeing captives Wayfarer Obligation All the above including Non muslim can be given zakat in hopes he could see the beauty and generosity of Islam. So pls take note.
First of all no this rankings aren't always followed it's the main reason why Berbers even rebelled seriously during the Roman times when Rome conquered north Africa from Carthage there's little to no rebellions even after over 1000 years in it's control the Romans only lost north Africa because of the vandalic invasion while the Byzantines lost it because of the Arabs and in just 200 years of Arabs control the large majority of Berbers rebelled and it wouldn't be a surprise
Nope it wasn't most sources literally stated jizra tax to be far higher I mean seriously Berbers were under control by Romans for over 1200 years and they have yet to rebel and when Arabs took over it was only took 200 years for them to rebel against them
@@angrycat4930 if it's desperated by religion, it IS religious in a way, and my point is thay money only went to Muslims while they had to fund their invaders
The financial comparison is wrong on so many aspects. Firstly, ZAKAT is 2,5% of a 1 year untouched wealth, not of income, so it's not 2.5% of 100$, it's 2,5% of the entire wealth that the muslim gathered his entire life, so it's a lot more than 2,5$, unless the muslim is poor and can't accumulate wealth, then he pays nothing. Secondly, USHER is not a fiwex 10%, it's either 5% or 10% depending on the access of water to the farm. Thirdly, JIZYA is not about non muslims not doing military service, they can participate in battle with muslims, and it's proven from the prophet's treaty with the jews in Madina. JIZYA is about the payment for protection provided by muslims to non muslims properties, and historically, when muslims in Andalusia lost the war and had to flee, they gave back the jizya to the non muslims because they couldn't protect them. Fourthly, and most importantly, KHARAJ is not a tax for non muslims, it's a payement for renting a state land. The land belongs to the state, and so anyone who uses it and benefit from it has to pay KHARAJ, either he's a muslim or not. So basically you can't count KHARAJ in the comparison because it can be for both muslim and non muslim. and Zakat is 2.5% of wealth not income, so it's a lot bigger. You can't make a clear numeric comparison, but generally, muslims should pay more than non muslims.
Berbers were black because it it africa but they became light skinned because of European arrival??? Jizya was 10% and Kharaj 20 to 50%? Even Muslim scholars don't specify a percentage like that. Not mentioning that Jizya was always faaar less thab Zakat and that Zakat was paid by "Muslims" to Muslims. Maybe also you forgot to mention that roman taxes were higher than that of Muslim rulers. Lol You should stop getting your info from orientalists.
"History can't change but can wrongly interpreted and infused into ppl minds. But end of the day truth stands clear." this so called historical video has wrong information and tried to spread their agenda to make Islam look cruel and that they did injustice.
It's important to clarify that the original Berbers (Amazigh) and early populations in North Africa were darker-skinned due to adaptation to intense UV radiation. Lighter-skinned populations arrived later through migrations and interactions with groups like Slavic slaves, pale Southern European Islamic converts, and other pale sources. There is no archaeological, linguistic, or anthropological evidence from ancient times, nor any writings or drawings, that describe the original North Africans as pale. Even Herodotus, who traveled through the region, did not mention seeing pale North Africans. If you believe otherwise, I encourage you to provide the *oldest primary source evidence* available-whether it's a mummy, a drawing, or any archaeological artifact that shows pale-skinned North Africans from ancient times. But it must be the earliest evidence found. As it stands, existing evidence overwhelmingly supports that the original populations of North Africa were darker-skinned, with lighter skin tones appearing only later through migration and mixing.
btw the jizya wasnt just for the military service it was also as protection and citzen rights and the kharaj (exists today in saudi too) is for all no matter what religion you gotta remember this empire was a MUSLIM empire so ofc it was much more suited for muslims but even then it wasnt like the rulers completely shunned and ignored the non muslims as you described im pointing this out so no one takes the points ignorantly
@@MiguelCuevas-m2yI love these videos, but the mistake I believe he is talking about is the tax, it MUST be fair for it to exist, it was way less than Muslims, (the non-muslims paid less than Muslims tax+it's only for the rich males+they get protection) for me that's a great deal for the non-muslims
@@Mustafa-j9d8nIt's always more than the Muslim tax, otherwise there wouldn't have been mass conversions just to avoid it, and no, it wasn't just rich that paid it.
@@mohamedthegamer378 I completely disagree with you on that, these are literally the terms and conditions of jizzya just research it or use chatgpt for faster response
I think he's corrupting history because he's saying conquering instead of "opening" he's saying Arabs instead of saying " Muslims" the amount of sarcasm is very disturbing, here he only mentions negative information based on wrong narrative to begin with, and delivers wrong knowledge to the people who don't know.... I'm not gonna finish the video not even 5 minutes in ...
5:49 Yes, it is completely fair, and in reality the jizyah there is a lot of false information, including regarding the jizyah and that even after a person converts to Islam, he pays the jizyah (in reality, after the tax payer converts to Islam, he pays as much as he wants, even if it is one date and not 10%).
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les gooo part two
what about myheritage
3afwan!
He was quicker than Oversimplified. Just as he said.
just as he said
When did he said that
@@gandalf_1738 Last video
@@Ezekiel.rex-m_velascono? I watched that video
three months eh?
here for the goat history chanel
oversimplified: am i joke?
@@trongnhannguyen1280yes hes a joke
@@Thundeclap dude, uncool
I got a bag of popcorn and am ready
@@GeoBlitssame brother,get me a coke while you're at it
Some clarification about Jizyah and Kharaj.
Jizyah was actually a fixed amount and not a percentage. Its value was usually around 1-2 Dinars A YEAR.
On the other hand, Zakat is a percentage therefore it's always variable in exact value. However, one thing that is certain is that it was almost always higher than Jizyah by orders of magnitude.
I can't find exact numbers for reference but all sources from this time seem to agree on this aspect.
However, this also means that the richer a Muslim gets, the more taxes they paid. However, the richer a non-Muslim got, they'd still pay the same amount (although there are cases where Jizyah could be increased for the rich for up to 20 Dinars. Still less than what a Muslim making the same amount would have to pay)
Another thing to note is that Jizyah was only paid by men that are able to pay it. If you couldn't pay it, you are exempted from it. If you are a woman, child, or elderly, you were also exempted.
Kharaj was 10% and almost every recorded case of it being higher was caused by corruption of the leader of the area.
Usher was also 10%.
That means, overall, non-muslims were paying less taxes than Muslims AND they didn't have to go to war and Muslims were actually forced to protect them.
Finally, to put all of this all into perspective. The average American pays 15-20% of their annual income in taxes. Some parts of Europe pay 50% or more.
No matter how you look at it, both Muslims and non-Muslims during that period of time paid significantly less taxes than what we pay today.
this comment should be pinned
Thank you, great work
Perfectly explained jazak allah khayr.
@@Modo942000 Perfect explanation, they pay no effort to look into this whole ordeal
Thank you for explaining
As a Berber myself I have to clarify something … First of all great video I love the animations, humor and of course historical facts of it all.
I only wish to point out that in no way berbers are « fair » skinned because of european empires … Berbers have inhabited North Africa for at least 6000 years and we have paintings of them (called Lybians back then) dating back to the ancient egyptian civilization and they were white… whiter than the egyptians even though no european had ever set foot in North Africa yet.
Genetic studies have debunked the myth of European ascendance a while ago now. Berbers (or amazigh) are either whitish in the north (Rif🇲🇦, Kabyle 🇩🇿 …) tan a bit more south (Chleuh🇲🇦) and only a feeew are black (tuareg and certain mixed chleuh in morocco).
Most black amazighs are black because of mixing during the slave trade … not the other way around. Modern day Chleuhs from the High Atlas🇲🇦 are those who mixed the less (genetically and linguistically proven) and they are at most tanned.
We must keep in mind that Africa is a continent where multiple indigenous ethnicities and colors co-exist… just like in Asia there are Huan Chinese but also Arabs and also Punjabis etc … multiple colors indigenous to a single continent. Africa is not only black, Africa is white/tan to the north because well… Mediterranean climate, and black to the south of the Sahara.
Other than this beautiful video thank you keep it up 🫡
You have to understand that there was actually a Greek dynasty which ruled Egypt for a while. I'm not disagreeing with you, but just clarifying something. If anyone wants to know, just look up the ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, cleopatra was not Egyptian; she was Greek.
@@potassium3550Yup of course that too is a fact, even though it bothers Netflix … However the Ptolemaic dynasty was rather recent in egyptian history, about 3000 years after it started.
@walidjd7091
I don't know akhi they got a racial agenda, and they always seem to feel they gotta make everything racial. Cleopatra was a deplorable woman, and I hardly understand why some would get so upset that she isn't their particular skin color.
@@potassium3550 The ptolemies were known to not mix with the local Egyptian population. Or really anyone else outside first degree family. The society they ruled over was multi ethnic and cultural. Greeks, Romans, Egyptians, Libyans, Nubians, mixed, etc.
I wonder if the author just use them as "catch-all term" for North African residents before Ummayid.
Whether it be Amazigh/Berber tribesman or city dwellers on the coast descended from Phoenicians and Romans.
Jizyah was not a percentage it was a fixed amount and depended on the income of the person from 4 to 20 for the rich 1 for the poor(dinars)(gold coin).
Sources:
1Islamic Jurisprudence: Classical Islamic jurists like Abu Yusuf, a prominent disciple of Imam Abu Hanifa, wrote about the jizya in his work Kitab al-Kharaj. He describes how the jizya should be assessed based on a person’s financial status, with different fixed amounts assigned to the wealthy, middle class, and the poor.
2Historical Accounts: The jizya was implemented differently across various Islamic empires, such as the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates. Historical texts from these periods often describe the jizya as a fixed annual levy, rather than a percentage of income.
3 Modern Scholarship: Contemporary historians like Bernard Lewis and Ira M. Lapidus have written extensively on Islamic taxation, including the jizya. In their works, they discuss how the jizya was applied as a fixed sum and how the rates varied by region and time period.
👍👍👍
Should also be noted that by the mid/late-Ummayad and early-Abbasid states the Kharaj was def levied on land usually regardless of religion. During the rule of Umar II kharaj and slave taxes were generally abolished, however due to various military and financial issues kharaj was re-introduced under the Caliphate of Hisham. This together with Kharijite agitation led to sentiments of revolt. Most governors also commonly mistreated their Berber regiments/auxiliaries, which led to them becoming disaffected and some infilitrated by the Kharjites. When around ~740 AH when the oppressiveness of general taxation increased by the Maghrebi governors, Sufri Kharjites managed to instigate the Berber Revolt (also for this reason known as the Kharijite Revolt).
We're also forgetting that if you are responsible for a family (say 3 children, your wife if she has no wealth, your mother, and your mother in law if they also dont have individual wealth, which was very common at the time due to women not being able to work and instead caring for their families), you have to pay for THEIR zakat, as you are responsible for them, meaning not only do you have to pay your 2.5%, but you also have to pay an accumulated 12.5%, which adds up to 25% on zakat alone, most of the muslim population during caliphates had big families and were responsible for a number of people in their family, however jizya is only paid if you are a healthy working man that can afford jizya, you dont have to pay jizya for other individuals, children dont have to pay jizya, elderly people don't have to pay jizya, and women didnt have to pay jizya either, and jizya is paid in return for the services and protection that the islamic caliphate provides, there were mutliple instances where jizya had to be returned to non muslims due to the caliphate's inability to provide any of these services
@@HardradaDbYTThats not how Zakat works. Only people who have wealth more than the minimum standard for Zakat (nisab) of 85 g of gold or 595 g of silver would have to pay Zakat, which is 2.5% of total wealth. A man will not be paying for his wife or children or mother unless they have their own wealth, and they are expected to pay it, not him, that is not allowed.
amazing
bro got tired of taking sponsorships 💀
Lol
🤖🤖🤖
fr
The bots are taking over@@eg_Fishlord
He understands his viewers
😮Omg finally after 3 months love the quality and the animation
Quality of the animation but very poor and wrong content
Oh no I can't finish my homework, Historically dropped
It's due tomorrow
Oh no anyways
Literally what happenned to me.
Tomorrow is my exam dude 😭
@@Peoples_History1 goodluck soldier
Well, he warned us.
Cool video, but, there was a mistake. Abd el-Rahman founded an Emirate, it was Abd el-Rahman III who started the caliphate of Cordoba, and when the caliphate ended, the templars were not the ones attacking it, the ones attacking it were the christian kingdoms on the north (Castilla, Leon, Navarra, and the Catalan and Aragones counties, and later, Portugal)
So basically it is Abd el-Rahman? Right? 😶
One of his descendants
Damn Spanish Inquisition, nobody expected of them
What does the Spanish Inquisition have to do with this? It was founded on the year 1478
@@manuelperezpavon3864 he doesn't know any other joke(love the laser kiwi)
Islam exempted women, children, the poor, monks, and the disabled from paying the jizya. The jizya was not collected from women, girls, boys, the poor, the elderly, the blind, the lame, the monk, or the mentally ill. Islam went further and took it upon itself to provide for the elderly and disabled among the People of the Covenant. The jizya was often a fixed amount that was estimated according to their economic status.
What about polytheists?
You should ask them what happened to those who are not Jews or Christians like Hindus ... 💀💀@@abirchowdhury6377
@@abirchowdhury6377 if "people of the covenant" here means jews and christians i would assume they don't get anything
Plus, if they pay jizya muslims will defend them
Jizya is so little idk why some non Muslims it can come even close to today's taxes smh
3:20 The Berbers werent european settlers 😅, the berbers were light skinned due to the region of north africa, unlike sub saharan or southern regions of africa the skin of the people of north Africa were lighter skinned, Mediterranean. Anyways im sure some europeans had settled in Ifriqia and likely even vandals but they assimilated into Berber culture
Ah yes because settlers never inter marry and lead to locals with shared DNA
I think the Berbers are mostly Phonecians who established Carthage, which is a mediterranian nation
Or “Berbers” in the video context would be “anyone in North Africa before Ummayid, whether you are Berber/Amazigh tribesmen or descendents of coastal city settlers”.
Yeah it's crazy how such a blatant mistake got in the video
@AllegedlyKyleeif that were the case black Africans would be at least half the population in Egypt
Religiously zakat isn't meat to be only spent on Muslims but it was done so by ummayads.
Yup, typically it's to either go to the state or charities of your choice.
Meant not meat
Finally somone like oversimplified that uploads frequently
At this point I'm assuming that oversimplified is on a million dollar project of making a three hour long Punic war video with crazy war scenes every ten minutes
@@Onionaniamtions with two full musical numbers in between
@@project-gladiator recorded from a entire orchestra
this guy is oversimplified but higher quality, more educational and with less obnoxious jokes
@@orangecitrus8056 honestly,the second Punic war part II vid knocks this channel right out of the park
genuinly love the high quality, keep up the great work!
5:35 yes non Muslims were allowed to join the military and they were exempted from paying jizya, and no it wasn’t a fixed 30% tax it depends on the payer for example a male must pay his taxes while women. Handicapped, monks, hermits did not pay jizya
How cute, it's still systemic descrimination
@@Charliiiie most people joined the military back then if you don’t want to join you have to pay
@@Charliiiie don't watch history throw your modern eye
@@Charliiiie So working adults above 18 nowadays are discriminated because they're forced to pay taxes AND is mandatory to serve in the army when needed?
@@zebimicio5204 one religious group being favored more than any other demographic in taxes and rights is descrimination
Pretty sure the blurry name meant that it was fair in pure Islam, not fair in the Ummayad system. To start, Jizya is not 10% of your wage, never was. Jizya also has nothing to do with not fighting in the army, it has to do with not being Muslim but anyhow, Kharaj was never mentioned once in a Hadith or the Quran. Kharaj was made as a "counterpart to Zakat" but religiously, Jizya is already a counterpart to Zakat. They were just a greedy empire, but whatever commenter came in probably meant it in that Islam was fair in its original taxation methods, before later empires got greedy.
so the video is correct.
@@forget112cv9not quite.
Jizya was a fixed amount, and Zakat can be giving to non Muslims in some cases
@@forget112cv9 not really, i have seen alot of people citing sources saying that the ummayad's themselves were more fair than the vid makes them look
@@forget112cv9correct for the late Ummayd period, not for tax in principle
Jiziyah*in principle* was a fixed protection tax levied on males who did not work for the state (non Muslims can and did hold positions in Muslim states, John of Damascus, the first christian to write a polemic against Islam, was the son and grandson of highly ranked Ummayd officials), who were also not poor, who also we're not monks or men of religion, and who didn't join Muslim armies. It was levied on non Muslims only because Muslims can't opt out of joining Muslim armies. Non Muslims also didn't have to pay the Zakat levied on Muslims.
The fact that it was a protection tax can be observed by the fact that Muslim armies returned the Jiziyah taken from the people of Southern Syria after they withdrew temporarily from the advancing Roman armies during the Rashidun conquest of the Levant
Of course this is the Jiziyah in principle, in practice the nature of the tax changed with rulers, rarely adhering to the exact principle
It was also wrong about non Muslims being forbidden from joining Muslim armies, it probably was a policy for certain rulers at certain times, but in the vast majority of cases Muslim armies had non Muslims in it, but it would usually be a certain ethnic or religious group, not random individuals
The video was also wrong about the nature of the Zakat tax, as it was not based on revenue, but on fixed holdings (money/assets that did not change hands), and on it being spent exclusively on Muslims, Zakat is meant for the state to spend, and at least under the rule of Umar II it was spent on the poor regardless of religion (Umar II is considered by most Muslims to be the extra 5th and last Rashidun -meaning just- Caliph, the late Ummayd rulers who instigated the discriminatory laws on non Arabs are generally seen in a bad light by both Muslims and Muslim jurists)
Learning Islamic history from a westerner: Perpare yourself for all kinds of falllacies!
Learning Islamic history from a muslim: prepare* yourself for all kinds of sweet little lies !
did you use chatgpt to write this comment? honest question
Exactly !!!!!.
His financial comparison is wrong on so many aspects.
Firstly, ZAKAT is 2,5% of a 1 year untouched wealth, not of income, so it's not 2.5% of 100$, it's 2,5% of the entire wealth that the muslim gathered his entire life, so it's a lot more than 2,5$, unless the muslim is poor and can't accumulate wealth, then he pays nothing.
Secondly, USHER is not a fiwex 10%, it's either 5% or 10% depending on the access of water to the farm.
Thirdly, JIZYA is not about non muslims not doing military service, they can participate in battle with muslims, and it's proven from the prophet's treaty with the jews in Madina. JIZYA is about the payment for protection provided by muslims to non muslims properties, and historically, when muslims in Andalusia lost the war and had to flee, they gave back the jizya to the non muslims because they couldn't protect them.
Fourthly, and most importantly, KHARAJ is not a tax for non muslims, it's a payement for renting a state land. The land belongs to the state, and so anyone who uses it and benefit from it has to pay KHARAJ, either he's a muslim or not.
So basically you can't count KHARAJ in the comparison because it can be for both muslim and non muslim. and Zakat is 2.5% of wealth not income, so it's a lot bigger. You can't make a clear numeric comparison, but generally, muslims should pay more than non muslims.
@@tkthebeyonder6714He mentions it's a wealth tax, not an income tax, though? That makes little difference since most people wouldn't be accumulating enough wealth to make that much of a difference; you are only excluded from Zakat if you're too poor to pay, not if you can't accumulate wealth.
Ushr usually 10%, and mentioning that it would sometimes go down to 5% would actually help the point he is trying to make.
Jizya is about military exemption, and while it is true that some Muslim states allowed non Muslims in the army in return for exemption from jizya, this wasn't the case under the Umayyads (and it wasn't the case under the Rashidun or the prophet either) so that's irrelevant.
Kharaj was never mentioned in the Quran or Hadith, and has no religious basis; it was improvised by the Umayyads, and was only levied on non Muslims, it only became a tax for all landowners following reforms by the Abbasids.
The taxes were always larger for non-muslims, and escaping these higher taxes has always been a major cause for conversion.
Fallacies being whenever you are painted as not being perfect, right?
16:50 actually it was called the emirate of cordoba because abdul rahman still recognized the abbasids as the main caliphate it was only like very later was it called the caliphate of cordoba.
yeah in the 900s under abdurrahman 3rd it was called Caliphate as a clash against the Fatimids who themselves claimed Caliphate at the expense of taking over the Abbasids and their vassals like the Aghlabids and Tulunids
Don't you hate it when you time travel back to the 1000s to escape the IRS but get taxed even more
Taxed back then come no where close to today's taxes.
not even more but i get the joke
Actually way less, (2.7%?) but yeah.
Go to UK
If you can time travel, are you really afraid of the IRS?
~3:20 This isn't accurate. There definitely were lighter-skinned Berber/Amazigh ("Berber" comes from "Barbarian," some consider it offensive, "Amazigh" is a popular alternative) people, including plenty who had recent European ancestry, but the majority more closely resembled (and still resemble) West Asians. This is because in the stone age there were several waves of migration into North Africa from West Asia, with the migrants absorbing earlier "Black"-looking peoples to form the foundations of the modern North African population. This was early enough that Amazigh DNA is detectably distinct from West Asian DNA, so we can pretty easily distinguish between the foundational DNA of modern Amazigh people and the more recent influence of European and Asian migrants. North Africa has always been a melting pot, but it hasn't experienced huge population turnover; the number of Europeans who moved to Africa during Roman rule was not significant enough to significantly change the average appearance. Genetics also show that the majority of the modern Arab population of North Africa is ALSO primarily descended from local Amazigh populations, who were culturally assimilated into Arab identity, not replaced; hence, the North African population probably didn't look super different before the Arab conquests than it does today.
Yeah, it's genuinely crazy how that mistake got in the final video
@@fra604I wonder whether they do proper research or not. There are legit lots of mistakes in this video
Inaccurate, although your info is appreciated, the idea that west asians immigrated into north africa is a ridiculous theory that hasnt been proven at all by anything besides the talltales of a few old greek philosophers who thought that tribes of aryans and persians were the ancestors of berbers and that was untrue, West asians and North Africans share the same looks mostly due to similar climates and arab intermingling with the local populatuon, and even then, we still look very different from each other by country, Egyptians look very similar to arabs because Egyptians arent considered apart of the Amazigh countries and were heavily settled and mixed with arabs since their early conquest, whereas places like Morocco has people that barely look like Arabs of Arabia proper, Imazighen had been the natives of north Africa for as long as human history existed, with cave paintings accredited to us since 6000 years old and depicting much of us as of a light skin and even ancient egyptians depicting our ancestors (then called Lybians) as of a lighter skin nearly 3000 years later, amazigh barely mixed with romans or vandals at all and often stood at odds with them and conducted raids into their lands, european colonization also barely left any effect, the only mixing being extremely minor cases with colonists such as the Pied noir and Italians and those left as soon as independence was gained, as most of the native population held hatred towards those colonizing them and didnt want to intermingle with them, in any case the idea that west asians migrated to north africa to surplant and change a native of the people is an idea that i only saw black supremacist afrocentrists ever use, Imazighen werent considered one united people or race until only recently and every tribe had an origin and culture, Amazigh is more like an umbrella word for natives of north africa at this point.
@@nabilrifai8877 ...My dude, read what I actually said next time before typing an essay. I said "in the stone age." I'm talking about the genetic evidence, which is that Imazighen are primarily descended from people who migrated into Africa from West Asia, probably in multiple waves, between about 40,000 and 6,000 years ago, who mixed with previously existing populations from the region (since North Africa has been populated for some 300,000 years by various groups of people). Literally nothing to do with Greek theories, and we're talking thousands of years before "Aryans" were a thing. And I'm aware that Imazighen are diverse in appearance. So too are West Asians; my point was that in general it's more accurate to compare Imazighen to West Asians than to call them "European lookalikes," as there is a greater degree of overlap between West Asian and North African features (as any overlap between North African and European features ALSO exists between West Asian and European features, while much of the overlap between Amazigh and West Asian features is rare in Europe).
Please delete your comment literally everything you said here is wrong, sincerily a Berber
12:40 fun fact: while Abd Al-Rahman waited for Badr to gather supporters, he was harrased by the berber tribes who had to pay ransom so they can leave him alone.
But as he beginning to sail over the Strait of Gibraltar, another berber triebe tried to kidnap him. According to legend, one raider grabbed the boat with his hand so the prince had to chop off his hands to escape.
The sword training came in HANDY :))
Really proud of yourself for that joke eh?
All for a pun, good job
@@Nafinafnaf nah. The pun just came at the last minute
Let’s clarify a few things:
In Islam, the religion doesn’t concern itself with the actions of certain individuals. There is no prescribed percentage for Jizyah, unlike Zakat, which is set at 2.5% of one’s wealth. Non-Muslims are not entirely exempt from military service; they may choose to join the army or pay Jizyah, which is never more than the taxes paid by Muslims. Muslims, on the other hand, are required to pay Zakat and other government taxes, regardless of their military service. A Muslim nation must protect non-Muslims under its rule and never impose unjust hardships or laws upon them, as doing so is entirely against Islam.
Yeah fr, even nowadays non-muslims are priviledged in muslim societies, like coptic christians in Egypt or the christians in Pakistan, they're very protected and pay no taxes. 🙂
Bro the jizya is 1.5
The zakat is 2.5
And the rules of jizya is word for word is
On whom jizyah is imposed
Masculinity and puberty
Mind
Freedom
Financial ability
Safety from chronic disabilities
Not to be one of the monks who seclude themselves to worship in cells
He should not be one of the farmers and tillers who do not fight.
he hates Islam, what do you expect ?
Zakat wasn't forced by law jizya was and if you didn't pay it you die, also it wasn't 1.5%
@@PeterRaafat-w7d tf
What are you saying lil pro
Don't make ur self stupid
The sakat is on of the beller of Islam of course it's forced upon us
Sec you tell me the strong wealthy non Muslim don't have 1.5 of money like the west well take not 1.5
The will take everything and will sh it on the person
Stop making things like these
@@PeterRaafat-w7d
What are you saying lil pro
Don't make ur self stupid
The sakat is on of the beller of Islam of course it's forced upon us
Sec you tell me the strong wealthy non Muslim don't have 1.5 of money like America and Europe well take not 1.5
The will take everything and will sh it on the person
Stop making things like these
@@PeterRaafat-w7d والله كداب يا بيتر
This would be an AMAZING Assassins creed game. Like if the MC sides with the Prince and the Mayor is a Templar puppet who is destabilizing the region for them, or somethin'. Just sounds like a funny and good story for a AC Game
Ye that are what we expected to be but we got black samurai instead.:(
@@Mr.Frizwall To be fair, Yatsuke was like popular in meme circle.
THOUGH I am not sure if they actually remember the "DNA memory device" from Assassin's Creed after 3rd game (or 4th?) and thought Ezio's descendent died on that one. Like I forgot that the device user was a new one and I was like "Man, his genepool be rich".
Are they just doing random and ignore that device plotline (especially world being run by evil alien god thing)?
((Ironically, Valhalla planned DLC became Mirage. At least being set in Baghdad, BUT it was in Abassid area. Part of me wonder if it had to do with Byzantine merchant in one area, like maybe hiring Viking mercenaries to attack Arabs in Spain since Norse did manage to raid there...but unfortunately, Arabs had actual army and navy. Same goes with Constantinople, which also had flamethrower ships.))
@@powerist209 Owh okeh,well i forget most of old AC series lore and i'm not already playing the recently ones so i don't know how to respond that.:v
This is implying there's any chance Ubisoft gives a single hoot about history at this point.
@@Pan_Z Yeah I agree, Sadly Ubisoft might make the Prince Black and the MC a Female Assassin. For Woke Points of course
This is the problem with the average guy talking about the history of the umayyad caliphate , basically most of the TH-camrs talking about the umayyad tell the story from a liberal point of view as if the ummayads lived in the modern world!!
If you want to know what is unfair and fair you have to compare the umayyads to other empires at the time like the Romans, the Sassanids and the Western European kingdoms !
Overall, the Umayyad Caliphate's system was likely the least harsh for the average citizen, especially for Muslims, due to a generally more balanced and less corrupt approach to taxation compared to the Roman and Sassanid empires.
The other point is the Berber revolt , actually the revolt doesn't end the ummayads rule in north Africa but weakening it , and the reasons are numerous, and basically the revolution was led by Kharijites , this sect get support in north Africa , and gained popularity , so the idiological part play a major role in the events , not just taxation.
And actually the ummayads continue to control several coastal areas in eastern Algeria ( I am my self Algerian from east Algeria) and ifryquia ( Tunisia) , syranica (Libya) before the Abbasids took over...in fact the ummayads archive an important victory at the Battle of al-Asnam (742 AD) against Sufrite Kharijites near telemacen western Algeria
* About the Berbers : white skin Berbers can't be related for sure to romans or white settlers , it is true that some Berbers have different origins but Muslim historians mostly speaks about mazigh ibn ( son of ) Canaan , who is considered as the father of Berbers ...
* I am my self an arab , who speaks Arabic as his mother tongue , can't tell much about Berbers
for the berbers they where here for 6000 years so it's not they are white because they mixed with european they are white because of where they lived look at the kabyle in the coast of Algeria or the rif in Morocco of course they where mixed with the pheonician italians and sub-sahran african
@@mrhonkhonk6116
Skin colour is not a key factor in ethnic identity , you can always find differences , we knowthat there is white Arabs , black , brown, ..ect , the prophet Muhammad peace and blessing be upon him himself was white , in the Hadith : Rabee‘ah ibn Abi ‘Abdur-Rahmaan narrated, “I heard Anas ibn Maalik describe the Prophet (ﷺ) saying, ‘He was of medium height amongst the people, neither tall nor short; he had a fair white color (Azhar), not absolutely white (Amhaq).’” [Al-Bukhari]
Another Hadith describe him , when a man asks how is the prophet of Allah , and the companions responded : “This white man reclining on his arm.”
And the same thing for the Berbers , they are varying between darker and lighter skin colours ...
وهنا ليبي يوافقك الرأي لديهم نظرة قاصرة
من ناحية المنظور الاسلامي و الشريعة الخراج ليس له وجود
من ناحية الابراطورية كان فيها بعض الفساد ولاكن كان اقل بأضعاف مضعفه من نظائرها في تلك الحقبة
@@abdoalwahab_bin_dakheel
مشكلة عامة الغربيين وحتى الأكاديميين هو أنهم يخوضون بكل جرأة في ما ليس لهم به علم ، و يتوصلون إلى استنتاجات غريبة ، و الحقيقة هي أنه يجب عليك التعمق بشكل كبير في التراث الإسلامي حتى لا اقول تفهم بل تبدأ في فهم سيرورة التاريخ الاسلامي و فهم العقل العربي و نظرته لنفسه ومن حوله و التغيرات الحاصلة في كل حقبة و كيف أرخ لها المؤرخون على اختلاف مشاربهم ... واهم شيء خلال هذا أن لا يحتكم الباحث إلى المراحل التاريخية اللاحقة أو المعاصرة ، فهل يمكن القول من وجهة نظر تاريخية أن الإمبراطورية الرومانية كانت دولة غير عادلة أو مقارنتها بإمبرياليات أوروبا الصناعية ؟ رغم أن الرومان امتلكوا نظام ضرائب تسبب بثورات لانهائية ، و في إحدى مراحل الإمبراطورية كان ثلث السكان عبيدا!!...الخ ، لكن الناس لا يركزون على هذه الجوانب غالبا عند الحديث عن روما .. لماذا؟
لأن الصورة المترسخة عن الرومان رغم وحشيتهم بمعايير العصر هي أنهم كانوا امبراطورية منظمة تحتكم للقوانين والدستور و قاموا بإنشاء هياكل عملاقة و حكموا باقتدار لقرون وخلفوا تراثا لا غنى عنه ، و هذه نظرة فلاسفة عصر التنوير الأوروبي!
the Dutch accent is making it so much better
agreed.
You will probably never read this but thank you for telling a forgotten but amazing story and especially for not being hateful towards anyone in your videos which is too common today
I was waiting for this second part. Good vídeo!
¡Viva Andalucía!
You're very wrong on jizya man theres no such thing as 20% or however % jizya, its a fixed amount and according to islamic beliefs if you financially unable to pay it you're exempt from paying it, people who pay jizya actually have it better than muslims who pay zakat and such, please do more research on jizya and use actual arab and muslim sites
He's not a Muslim
@@commodusmeridius4718but he wants to make a video on Muslims. His misinformation can unnecessary fuel som1s Islamophobia.
Exactly
@@ender0998bro this is literally history not current events. Either im stupid or you’re implying that someone would have more Islamophobia over something that happened over a millennia ago?! What?!
I really like this guy's videos, i just wish he posted more often.
7:47 did not expect that one lol, btw you’re definitely my favorite history channel (well, when oversimplified is absent)
5:48 I study the Islamic history and actually it’s true but this action was against the religion
The financial comparison is wrong on so many aspects.
Firstly, ZAKAT is 2,5% of a 1 year untouched wealth, not of income, so it's not 2.5% of 100$, it's 2,5% of the entire wealth that the muslim gathered his entire life, so it's a lot more than 2,5$, unless the muslim is poor and can't accumulate wealth, then he pays nothing.
Secondly, USHER is not a fiwex 10%, it's either 5% or 10% depending on the access of water to the farm.
Thirdly, JIZYA is not about non muslims not doing military service, they can participate in battle with muslims, and it's proven from the prophet's treaty with the jews in Madina. JIZYA is about the payment for protection provided by muslims to non muslims properties, and historically, when muslims in Andalusia lost the war and had to flee, they gave back the jizya to the non muslims because they couldn't protect them.
Fourthly, and most importantly, KHARAJ is not a tax for non muslims, it's a payement for renting a state land. The land belongs to the state, and so anyone who uses it and benefit from it has to pay KHARAJ, either he's a muslim or not.
So basically you can't count KHARAJ in the comparison because it can be for both muslim and non muslim. and Zakat is 2.5% of wealth not income, so it's a lot bigger. You can't make a clear numeric comparison, but generally, muslims should pay more than non muslims.
@@tkthebeyonder6714Thanks for sharing this brother ❤
the animations keep getting better!!! also love the jojo references
1:02 Frodo and Sam, the last survivors of their fellowship...
I randomly scrolled through my phone's notifications and I saw your little face for a split second and I immediately turned it on.
What are your sources for the tax section? It seems that some information was misrepresented, oversimplified, and also Im wondering where you got the numbers from at all since the taxes varied significantly. Plus in the 7th century the kharaj and jizyah were the same thing? The 20-50% kharaj you are referring to is from the Delhi Sultanate, which has nothing to do with the Ummuyads. From Princeton University press: Quote: "Jizya was levied upon dhimmis in compensation for their exemption from military service in the Muslim forces. If dhimmis joined Muslims in their mutual defense against an outside aggressor, the jizya was not levied."" So why did you say they had to be muslim to join? You should be more rigorous with your research!
"the insignificant amount of this yearly tax, the fact that it was progressive, that elders, poor people, handicapped, women, children, monks and hermits were exempted, leave no doubt about exploitation or persecution of those who did not accept Islam. Comparing its amount to the obligatory zaka which an ex-dhimmi should give to the Muslim state in case he converts to Islam dismisses the claim that its aim was forced conversions to Islam."
I am not sure if it was a harmless mistake or agenda-based misrepresentation, either way it's disappointing as it took me about 10 minutes to find the facts.
Yeah, there's plenty of inaccuracies (saying the Amazigh were black and became white because of Europeans is one of them)
Its good to see some people were able to point this out, thanks. Also, didn't it feel weird that somehow, the guy made it seem like not having to fight in the army was a bad thing?
The Kharaj during the late Umayyad period was between 1/4 and 1/3, so while not exactly 20% to 50%, it's still pretty high, at least 25%.
Non-muslims weren't allowed to join the military under the Umayyads, later on in some other Muslim states, they were allowed to, but not under the Umayyads, so that's irrelevant.
The tax wasn't insignificant, being progressive doesn't mean anything, and women, children, monks, and hermits didn't have any wealth so this in practice, this means little.
The jizya was definetly higher than the tax for Muslims, which is why conversion was way faster under the Abbasids than Umayyads, because while the Umayyads required converts to pay Jizya, the Abbasids.
Just because it comes from a university, doesn't mean it's not biased and a load of nonsense. I can't even find this quote anywhere actually.
@@Nomad-sp6kqHaving a tax levied on you in return for military exemption, without getting the option to join the military and avoid the tax is a bad thing.
9:24 sooo not halal mode
Abdurrahman Al dakhil is one of the most and bravest men in Arab history.
He is been called "Sakr Khurysh" which means the hawk of Khutysh and the first who called him by this name was his first enemy Abo Ja'afar Al mansor the first Abbasid Caliph
And has a statue that stills to this day in Cordoba in Spain
Small issue, Usher was 10% and its translation means a 10th part. Of course many governors did increase it cause their greedy and both the Umayyads and Abbasids were non-Muslims at best. It is still unfair but you didn't include other Islamic taxes like Khums. Finally Zakat didn't only go to Muslims (again terrible govern ship) but to everyone and there was a common saying that if a governor ate well while his people stole to survive, his hand should be cut.
Not uncommon for Muslim rulers to break the Shari'a throughout history
Only the hand?
Softer than the hebrews.
@@Majmua_ its make me feel sad
@@Majmua_I'm pretty sure lgbtq was even quite commen in the muslim word during the 1600s; even some sultans did sex with young boys
“The Umayyads and Abbasids were non-Muslims at best” who are to talk about cousins of the prophet and their relationship with their creator? Do you perhaps know something we don’t?
9:25
bro .. that kneeling is not allowed in islam ..
18:08 and they were roommates
3:23 the berbers we're originally white skinned not black or europeans, the only black berber are the tuaregs in southern algeria and north mali 😅
3:34 and also the berbers weren't "easy to conquer" many revolted against the ummayads since dihya and kusaila to the berber revolt
Pffft you Still trying to spread that narrative?
@@EXOTIC_individual saar we wuzz white arabs 👨🏿🦲🇸🇦
@@Mrpf_plus2 sarr we was white we was smart sarr please notice us sarr our white gods sarr we love you white master sarr 🇲🇦🐒
@@EXOTIC_individual
al idrissi?
avenzoar?
avenzoar?
ibn battuta?
al murrakushi?
yusuf ibn tachfin?
bochus?
juba 2?
abd el moumin?
yaqub al mansur?
tariq ibn ziyad?
@@EXOTIC_individual Someone's pretty salty about being completely dominated in at least every war since the 20th century
Nice and useful video ♥️
.. But there is a lot of misinformation about the subject of taxes .. 1- Zakat was spent on Muslims and non-Muslims and there is a Quranic verse that confirms that .. 2- The jizya did not exceed 2.5% annually and was on some segments of non-Muslim society .. Non-Muslims could join the Umayyad army and there were Arab tribes that were Christian such as the Ghassanids and they were present in the army
The Berber revolution was not because of taxes, but because of their isolation from the state and positions.
Allah, this felt like an entire movie and I enjoyed every second of it! Genuinely one of the most fun I've ever had on the platform while also learning a heck lot of things. 10/10 channel. You've earned a new loyal fan
2 seconds in and this is already one of the best videos of all time, I loved the sponsorship plot twist.
So glad that the second episode of this masterpiece finally released!
Man, was missing your videos too much!❤
As a Muslim, I would like to address some of the misinformation in your video. While I understand that simplifying complex topics is sometimes necessary, it's important to ensure accuracy. Historically, the contributions of Arab and Muslim civilizations, particularly in the fields of science, medicine, and architecture, have greatly influenced the modern world, including advancements in hygiene and public infrastructure.
I also believe it’s essential to acknowledge all parts of history, including the difficult chapters. Many cultures, including ours, have experienced both struggles and achievements. However, portraying one-sided or inaccurate views can be harmful. I respectfully encourage more thorough research to avoid misleading others.
I will be reporting this video, not out of anger, but because I believe that spreading accurate information is crucial for mutual understanding and respect among all people.
The points that was misinfoed in the video :
Jizya and Military Service:
Jizya was a tax on non-Muslims in Islamic states, providing them protection and exemption from military service. Non-Muslims were not allowed in the army to ensure that only those committed to defending the Islamic state served. In return, Jizya was often lower than the Zakat and other taxes Muslims paid. Additionally, if the Islamic state failed to protect a non-Muslim community, the Jizya was refunded.
The Haraj Tax:
Haraj was a land tax based on productivity, not an arbitrary amount. It could sometimes be higher for non-Muslims, but Muslims paid Zakat, which supported public welfare. Claims of a 50% tax are exaggerated; it was generally within reasonable limits and based on the land's output.
Converts to Islam and Taxes:
When non-Muslims, like the Berbers, converted to Islam, they were typically exempt from Jizya. If some local authorities wrongfully imposed old taxes on new Muslims, it was due to corruption or mistakes, not Islamic law, which promotes fairness and justice.
Edit: Grammar
First of all, phenomenal video! love the graphics and the way you tell the story! But, not sure where you got your information about the taxes from, I would advise you to read more about it. Kharaj is a tax that is paid by farmers (land owners) regardless of faith. Jizya, has been always lower than Zakat (for the most part). Jizya had a tiered system where the amount paid depends on how wealthy a person is. Poor people, women, children, the elderly, and religious figures (like priests) did not have to pay the Jizya. For people who did have to pay the Jizya, there were usually three tiers (Rich, middle class, and poor). Again, the poor didn’t pay Jizya, others paid it depending on how much they make. “Usher” means “A tenth”, which means 10% of what you make, which in this case you were correct. Kharaj would be exactly the same for muslims and non-muslims. They only comparison would be between zakat and Jizya, which Jizya was usually lower. Also the taxes that were paid by the berbers under roman rule, was significantly higher, maybe I am missing something, but I don’t think it was the driving force behind their revolts. I believe it’s because the Ummayads gave arabs special treatment compared to other people living in the caliphate. I realize this is somewhat of a generalization, but it’s important to look at each period individually. These numbers definitely changed throughout history.
Actually
The gizya is less than the zakat
And women don't have to pay it
Nor old ppl
Nor poor ppl
Nor disapled ppl
Bullshit, the Jizya is not specified, it can be less or more
@@TheTariqibnziyad the poorer the payer is, the less he pays, or even not pay at all, and after a certain limit of wealth he doesn't pay any extra
It merely tax but inconsistent?@@TheTariqibnziyad
Pffft...sure in theory it's like this. But come on in reality some corrupt or greedy governer would just see them as money bags needed to be shaken
@@breakerdawn8429 that's a problem with the people, not their religion
I think the concept of "Jizia" still makes sense. However the praxis differs to that (sometimes, manytimes)
Just to clarify, we berbers we're alwayd lighter skinned than our sub saharan counter parts and were the natives to north Africa . While yes many European empires did conquer us they never really mixed a lot because we'd retreat to the mountains till and use guerrilla warfare till they'd leave.
I love the little facial expressions and sounds they make when feeling angry sad or happy
13:13 the face reaction are perfect
A message from Saladin :
As a Muslim historian, it isn't exactly my claims on history... But I reallyyyyyy enjoy the vid... And I absolutely loved every minute of it 🔥🔥🔥
Good job, man👌
*bros travel for years through the desert, fight bandits, Arab armies and Berbers, build a country together and live happily ever after* Historians: "they were the bestest of friends!"
I mean they were
i know this is a joke lol but normalise people NOT assume good friendships are homosexual
@@Mapperman-h5b its a joke my man
@@cybr69lol i know, it was just to perfect not to make this joke after that bromance story
Stop forcing that stuff into everything
Would love to see more history about Spain since it was in this video. Different peoples trying to take the Basque Country and ultimately failing, the Crown of Aragon taking a lot of the western Mediterranean, Eneko Arista becoming first king of pamplona etc
18:16 is that the Time Machine?
I… think it is!
Good video, but just a small correction: the Berbers were not black before the Romans arrived, only small parts of Berbers were black (mostly those living in the Sahara) the rest were either brown or white.
The recurring JoJo reference kills me every time lmao
Im glad someone mentioned it lol
goshhhh the production value of these videos are always so amazinggggg
great video, just a small correction to us ethnic people (Im a berber) we berbers are not black we are olive/brownish skinned and sometimes white but there's black berbers in the Sahara desert.
Was waiting for this one since part one!! good job as always!!
12:24 wooman
A quick comment on the Berber revolt: in Al-Andalus, the Berbers were defeated, some having already defected to the Visigoths in the North beforehand, while the rest were expelled by Andalusian Arabs and the few that remained had to pretend to be Arabs to avoid detection. In the Maghreb, there were four major battles, the first two battles, Al-Ashraf and Baqdoura, the Berber Kharijites defeated the Arab Umayyad army, while losing the latter two, Al-Qarn and Al-Asnam, decisively. Subsequently, the Umayyads managed to regain their control over the Maghreb and Al-Andalus, as told by Moroccan historian Al-Nasiri in his book Al-Istiqsa, p. 96: "And Hanthala held onto the Maghreb in the best condition until the Caliphate started waning in the East and its voice dimmed after what struck the Umayyads from the sedition of the corrupt Al-Walid."
genuinely my new favorite channel
i love your content man, made my entire month
The information in the video about Jizya and kharaj is misleading.
Non-Muslims pay jizya in exchange for protection and exemption from military service that's correct, but with amounts based on financial capacity: the wealthy paid around two dinars annually (one dinar is around 4.5 gold grams), the middle class paid less, and the poor were exempt.
And about the kharaj is considered as a land tax applied equally to Muslims and non-Muslims, typically up to 20% of the land’s produce, not a percentage of income. These systems were established to ensure social justice and the state's protection of its citizens.
I found last night about this channel, saw you posted 3 months ago and i thought "oh no its dead", and here we are today...so glad you posted, amazing stuff !
13:47 bro had a cape under his cape
I’m a Berber and was born in Algeria 🇩🇿
5:17
That's inaccurate. The Islamic armies that fought Bizantium in the Levant and along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean were largely made up of Bene Ghassan, an Arab Christian Tribe.
You also missed the fact that Jizya isn't a fixed percent, it is negotiable. Almost all travellers through the Muslim world noted that they never found Jews paying more than a dinar.
Add to this that all Muslims must pay Zakat, while only battle able Dhimmi men had to pay Jizya. If you were too old or to young to fight, or if you were a woman, you didn't have to pay Jizya.
Finally, as you mentioned, Zakat is calculated based on wealth, so if I made 100 bucks and only paid 12.5 this year; I, as a muslim, will have to take what's left from the previous year into calculating next year's zakat, ad infinitum. Dhimmis don't have that.
Does Jizya live up to our standards of Secularism and separation of church and state? No.
Could Muslim rulers it however they want, and use it in ways that go against the religion just to exploit the Dhimmis? Of course, they were rulers! Everyone knows rulers are the most curropt people on earth.
Was Jizya better than everything else at the time, and even some things in our times? I would say yes.
I usually don't comment but I have to say that I watched several videos and didn’t find a more fair historical channel than this channel.
Respect, new subscriber here.
The best history channel ever😊
Can you cover pre Islamic Arab history 😚🌍
I strait up love all this little visial jokes splintered in the video, Thank you for the funny time and keep up the amazing work
keep up the good work dude love videos that you make 👍
i can't believe you're talking about this great underrated era again!
Yoo this video was amazing and funny way better than oversimplified 😂 😂
please create more videos like this in the future 🤩
The quality of these videos is amazing
4:37 pls don't misrepresent Islam om something you could just google. Mistakes like this makes your video or research so questionable.
People entitled to give zakat are 8 categories.
Mainly:
Poor
Needy
zakat employees
Non Muslims
Freeing captives
Wayfarer
Obligation
All the above including Non muslim can be given zakat in hopes he could see the beauty and generosity of Islam.
So pls take note.
The only thing Islam offers is backward thinking and how to have the same values as barbarians from centuries ago.
First of all no this rankings aren't always followed it's the main reason why Berbers even rebelled seriously during the Roman times when Rome conquered north Africa from Carthage there's little to no rebellions even after over 1000 years in it's control the Romans only lost north Africa because of the vandalic invasion while the Byzantines lost it because of the Arabs and in just 200 years of Arabs control the large majority of Berbers rebelled and it wouldn't be a surprise
I love your animations so much. It's one of the main draws, aside from the fascinating history and humour, of course
This guy would have 10 movies on his name if he was a European.
This video is legendary, keep up with the great work!
Jizya wasn't that high it was lower than Zakat 😶🌫
Even IF it is as, zakat is a religious task on muslims FOR muslims
And jizya is a non religious tax for non Muslims @@EarlZero0
Nope it wasn't most sources literally stated jizra tax to be far higher I mean seriously Berbers were under control by Romans for over 1200 years and they have yet to rebel and when Arabs took over it was only took 200 years for them to rebel against them
@@angrycat4930 if it's desperated by religion, it IS religious in a way, and my point is thay money only went to Muslims while they had to fund their invaders
The financial comparison is wrong on so many aspects.
Firstly, ZAKAT is 2,5% of a 1 year untouched wealth, not of income, so it's not 2.5% of 100$, it's 2,5% of the entire wealth that the muslim gathered his entire life, so it's a lot more than 2,5$, unless the muslim is poor and can't accumulate wealth, then he pays nothing.
Secondly, USHER is not a fiwex 10%, it's either 5% or 10% depending on the access of water to the farm.
Thirdly, JIZYA is not about non muslims not doing military service, they can participate in battle with muslims, and it's proven from the prophet's treaty with the jews in Madina. JIZYA is about the payment for protection provided by muslims to non muslims properties, and historically, when muslims in Andalusia lost the war and had to flee, they gave back the jizya to the non muslims because they couldn't protect them.
Fourthly, and most importantly, KHARAJ is not a tax for non muslims, it's a payement for renting a state land. The land belongs to the state, and so anyone who uses it and benefit from it has to pay KHARAJ, either he's a muslim or not.
So basically you can't count KHARAJ in the comparison because it can be for both muslim and non muslim. and Zakat is 2.5% of wealth not income, so it's a lot bigger. You can't make a clear numeric comparison, but generally, muslims should pay more than non muslims.
FINALLYYYYYY I've been waiting patiently for part 2 yaaayy
Berbers were black because it it africa but they became light skinned because of European arrival??? Jizya was 10% and Kharaj 20 to 50%? Even Muslim scholars don't specify a percentage like that. Not mentioning that Jizya was always faaar less thab Zakat and that Zakat was paid by "Muslims" to Muslims. Maybe also you forgot to mention that roman taxes were higher than that of Muslim rulers.
Lol You should stop getting your info from orientalists.
For real🤦♂️
Stop bullshiting
Definately might be orientalist sources
"History can't change but can wrongly interpreted and infused into ppl minds. But end of the day truth stands clear." this so called historical video has wrong information and tried to spread their agenda to make Islam look cruel and that they did injustice.
It's important to clarify that the original Berbers (Amazigh) and early populations in North Africa were darker-skinned due to adaptation to intense UV radiation. Lighter-skinned populations arrived later through migrations and interactions with groups like Slavic slaves, pale Southern European Islamic converts, and other pale sources. There is no archaeological, linguistic, or anthropological evidence from ancient times, nor any writings or drawings, that describe the original North Africans as pale. Even Herodotus, who traveled through the region, did not mention seeing pale North Africans.
If you believe otherwise, I encourage you to provide the *oldest primary source evidence* available-whether it's a mummy, a drawing, or any archaeological artifact that shows pale-skinned North Africans from ancient times. But it must be the earliest evidence found. As it stands, existing evidence overwhelmingly supports that the original populations of North Africa were darker-skinned, with lighter skin tones appearing only later through migration and mixing.
btw the jizya wasnt just for the military service it was also as protection and citzen rights and the kharaj (exists today in saudi too) is for all no matter what religion you gotta remember this empire was a MUSLIM empire so ofc it was much more suited for muslims but even then it wasnt like the rulers completely shunned and ignored the non muslims as you described
im pointing this out so no one takes the points ignorantly
Unfortunately many wrong information
Maybe some simplifications and jokes? I don't really know this part of history
@@MiguelCuevas-m2yI love these videos, but the mistake I believe he is talking about is the tax, it MUST be fair for it to exist, it was way less than Muslims,
(the non-muslims paid less than Muslims tax+it's only for the rich males+they get protection) for me that's a great deal for the non-muslims
@@Mustafa-j9d8nIt's always more than the Muslim tax, otherwise there wouldn't have been mass conversions just to avoid it, and no, it wasn't just rich that paid it.
@@mohamedthegamer378 I completely disagree with you on that, these are literally the terms and conditions of jizzya just research it or use chatgpt for faster response
I think he's corrupting history because he's saying conquering instead of "opening" he's saying Arabs instead of saying " Muslims" the amount of sarcasm is very disturbing, here he only mentions negative information based on wrong narrative to begin with, and delivers wrong knowledge to the people who don't know.... I'm not gonna finish the video not even 5 minutes in ...
This video made my whole week
معلومة مغلوطة وهي أن العرب متوردين البشرة عكس سود أفريقيا بسبب الاحتلال البيزنطي وهذا خطأ طبعا العرب قبل البيزنطيين انفسهم كانوا بيض عكس سود افريقيا
finally a new Historically video
yalla habibi was on point 7:49 😂
Your work is amazing. Just started school again, and your videos help me remain interested in history since I have American history now
The tax part is not exactly accurate.. but other than that good job in telling this epic story
i love your videos, i subscribed becasue you explain history in an entertaining way. Keep up the good work !
5:49 Yes, it is completely fair, and in reality the jizyah there is a lot of false information, including regarding the jizyah and that even after a person converts to Islam, he pays the jizyah (in reality, after the tax payer converts to Islam, he pays as much as he wants, even if it is one date and not 10%).
Such amazing work i love the pacing of it
Thank you so much 😀
13:12 zaaaaaaa woooorrrrllllllddddooo!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
i was waiting for this for a long time!! quality work man. great job.
IT happened! IT happened! Part two happened!!!