The Age of Exploration: Crash Course European History #4
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 2 พ.ค. 2019
- The thing about European History is that it tends to leak out of Europe. Europeans haven't been great at staying put in Europe. As human beings do, the people of Europe were very busy traveling around to trade, to spread religion, and in a lot of cases to try and conquer other people. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Europeans developed a bunch of tools and techniques that would allow them to travel around the world, in numbers and force heretofore unseen on the planet. And a lot of the results weren't great for the people who already lived in the places Europeans were "visiting."
Sources
Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe. Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration. New York: W. W. Norton, 2006.
Smith, Bonnie G. Modern Empires: A Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.
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"The truth resists simplicity" one of my favorite phrases
wow very cool
Not always the case
Sizano Green Doesn’t that contradict Occam’s razor
@@robrod7120 Well, Occam's Razor is applied when you're comparing two or more theories about a subject, and this quote refers to broad subjects like history or science.
So you use Occam's razor to discard opposing and/or different theories, and then put them toghether to make a picture of something larger and complex-er like the history of europe in the age of exploration.
To put it in other words, looking for the truth on the matter makes it more complex the more you investigate.
I hope that answers your question.
@@joshg7465ietp
It's absolutely true. Set the playback speed to 1.25 and you get excited John back instantly.
Dan Teller wow. Legitimately thought what’s his deal lately. But this at least brings me back to old style John
I think he also might just really have no interest in a Eurocentric view of history... and Raoul Meyer isn't doing the writing anymore.
1.75
The Wendy's and cigarettes are catching up to him.
this is so much better lol
I just finished re-watching Crash Course World History and it's very interesting hearing John Green at a far lower energy level after 7 years.
Portugal: [rejects explorer]
Spain: [accepts explorer, gets rich]
Portugal: wait that's illegal
@Leonardo moreira If Portugal didnt fund his journey becuse they "knew" it would fail then how did they already (allegedly) discover the Americas?
@@DaydreamingSwede Portugal was really into cartography and, well, discovering things. I don't remember exactly, but I think that several maps containing brazil-shaped landmasses predating Columbus have been discovered. Also- they had a motive. Keeping it secret was a sneaky way of getting the land all to themselves.
John: "This $6 clock is an astonishing piece of technology"
Clock: **doesn't work**
"So, remember back in May of 1453 when the Ottomans smashed the thick walls of Constantinople, captured the city, and beheaded the Byzantine Emperor?"
* sobs * ...yes.
Sigh...
Where is Byzantium?
...right here...
InvictusByzantium 😂😂😂😂
Hahaha
"You probably don't remember May of 1943"
*look down at my shirt*
*it says, 1453: Never Forget*
bro why does john sound so sad compared to crash course world history-
I think he's legitimately sick in this episode, like he sounds like he has a head cold.
Sara Mackenzie Older age...
He’s looking a lot older now, I loved the original series.
I know
Well, ninety percent of indigenous people dying in the Americas seems very sad to me. :(
It took some adjusting to get used to this new sleep deprived John. But, now I think I love this series more than the world history one. This one seems better organised and clear..and..I really appreciate the concept of shifting perspective.
Keep it up crash course.
BTW..the 8 dollar clock..followed by patreon appeal..that was very clever..:D
Yeah why does he sound so different
@@zioneig-tassiello2602 its crash course specific. on vlog brothers hes still much more energetic. its probably to be easier to understand.
Age is getting to him
For those interested to go further into this topic, I recommand reading these books :
- The Great Divide, History and human nature in the old world and the new, Peter Watson. It's about how the discovery of Columbus changed everyhting from how we think to what makes us human, the billions new things ecountered in the new world, etc.
- First encounters, Epic tru stories of cultural collision and conquest, Joeph Cummins. An entertaining book about different cultural shock encountered by navigators/explorators, detailing several major events I never heard of.
- Ecological Imperialism, The biological expansion of Europe 900-1900, Alfred W. Cosby. How european explorations and expansionism shaped today's nature, and how european biological advantages helped in their conquest (diseases, food, agriculture, medicine etc)
Oh hey someone recommending books. A rarity to be sure.
John Green is like a video game character rebooted to be grittier and darker for the modern age.
I realize that words cannot accurately express how much I appreciate and enjoy your videos, the clear effort and time that you put into them, but I'd like to try: Hey, you're great! Thank you so very much for all the time you put into this, I can say this history loving Yukoner just loves everything that you do! Many thanks and a thousand happinesses!
I have a test tomorrow :(😭
8:49 By crossing the pacific? That mistake is extra funny when you also add a picture that clearly labels it as not-the-pacific.
You kind of understated how the Portuguese maritime trade route to India overpassed the Ottoman-Italian control of the Asian land routes.
Yes I still remember this, ottomans taxed very heavily and too much raiders around there made a huge loss, and on land took so long to cross, You’d dock at nowadays Lebanon or Palestine, make your way through Lebanon Syria Iraq Iran India, to the lower end of India (most of that path was desert and lots of bandits) so a sea route that took more than 150 days was so much better
Bro, he is in the business of presenting history from a neo liberal left wing perspective, not about interesting facts so much.
Actually I like this speed. I don't have to replay to catch everything.
Not many people talk about the relevance Portugal has in the world today. But without the Portuguese, the world would be very different.
One thing that still puts a smile on my face after a long day of work at the end of a long week of work is a new episode of Crash Course: European History.
Something I always wonder about is how did two nations of completely different culture and language were able to communicate especially early on. It is small detail but still is it as easy as it seems like here between the Mayans and Europeans.
12:17 but how does she understand Spanish!
@@Khofax i think there were 2 translators, one spanish sailor who was living in mayan lands from previous voyages, so he could speak mayan and spanish, and malinche was a slave who could speak mayan and nahuatl (aztec language), sooo, she translated from nahuatl to mayan and the sailor who lived with the mayans translated from mayan to spanish... Sorry i can't give you the name of that spanish sailor but that's what i remember from elementary (i'm mexican)
Waited a week for another episode! Thanks Mr. Green!
Even WITH the fantastic video, loading this series to a podcast would be terrific. Please consider, Crash Course!?
This
Yes crash course needs a podcast
Steady, watch me navigate, HA-HA-Ha-Ha-Ha!
-Prince Henry the Navigator
This brings me joy
the only navigation he ever did was to north africa to conquer small territories
Scoob The Boob good taste
feels good
Yay
A little fun fact, though there are many decendents of Moctezuma, the Duke of Moctezuma is the royal heir to the title. The current holder lives in Spain and has a little palace for the title holder.
In Portuguese the cape of storms is known as “o Cabo das tormentas” or the cape of torments which in my opinion sounds about 400% cooler
Thank you CrashCourse for this wonderful episode. I always enjoy the history behind European exploration into the New World and how Portugal and Spain became to be. Though it's not always so glorified as we study it, there are some missed up events that happen during this era. But none the less, thanks for sharing.
I never took AP Euro but I took a humanities class that I loved! I look forward to seeing the historical backdrop that gave context to many of the works I enjoyed learning about
I really appreciate that you always point out the exploitation of vulnerable peoples.
Hey John....big fan of your videos....this one is excellent for my grade eight social class. Thank you for slowing down your videos a bit...makes them much easier for the kids to follow. Keep up the great work!!
Learning more and more thanks to these videos. Thanks for this, John
We need Mongol History!
it's just world history but in Australian
loomhigh not even close mate
loomhigh Mongols aren’t Australian?
Guys here me out. Mongols are the exception of everything right? And Australia is upsidedownland no? So mongol history is just world history upside down, because they are the opposite/exception.
loomhigh uhh sure kid
Good luck to everyone taking the AP European History tomorrow!
If I had a dime for every time he said perspective, the Portuguese would have been inspired by ME.
I'm glad this episode of Crash Course European History is a Crash Course on all continents during the Age of Exploration
It's nothing anyone who knows humanity or follows history isn't aware of but it's so damn sad that upon meeting new people the thought isn't how both groups of people can mutually benefit but quickly becomes how one side can thoroughly dominate the other side to the benefit of the dominator. Even today in our more "civilized" world, no matter the conflict be it war or trade one side always has to feel like they're "winning" over the other.
And it's why we're so fascinated and worried about alien life. If we encounter a more advanced society we can only envision them behaving the same way we would at the discovery of a more primitive peoples.
Thank you for talking fairly on my country's history. Great video as always 🇵🇹🇵🇹🇵🇹
I loved CC world history, and I'm glad you guys are back at it!
shut up boomer
Great video like always! 😃
You dont seem as enthusiastic in this CC history as you did in the past but it doesnt stop the smile on my face when i get a new video i love CC everything
12:18 Just a correction: Malinche whose original name is Malintzin (that comes from Nahuatl language) got the spanish name of Marina and not María, Doña means Lady, therefore Doña Marina can be translated to Lady Marina.
Thanks for these videos! Idk why but when i'm really sad i just watch these types of videos - they help me take my mind off of things .:)
How can one forget 1453... I cri evrytim
Cmon its because of the ottomans that Constantinople revived into a Golden age and the biggest city in europe for 300 years
also the orthodox church named the ottomans as the new roman empire. they kept many of the byzantine empire's traditions
Almost had it back via the Treaty of Sevres. It wasnt meant to be.
The ottoman empire turned Constantinople from the least horrible city in Europe into the golden city of Europe so what are you crying about
Look at all the people that don't understand. It's not the same, even if the Ottomans LARPed as the Roman empire. One of Europe's great civilisations vanished, you must understand that some people dislike that.
I'm aware that the fall of Granada evokes the same feeling in some muslims, so just compare it to that.
13:15 The Treaty of Tordesillas was the main reason for the Spanish to find another way to Asia.
7:28 Magellan found this way around South-America, so the Spanish didn't need to travel along the African coast, which was controlled by the Portugese.
how to pass your SS final
step 1: watch every crash course video
step 2: repeat step 1
I just love the way you describe horrible plagues.
Nice and well constructed video. Thanks
One of the first history videos to actually do justice to the Portuguese empire both the awesome and the awful, keep up the good work!
I am so sad my AP Euro class will not get to see more of these wonderful review videos before the exam - I wish you guys had started sooner :(
I have watched this channel so many times and when my history teacher told us to click on this link I was so happy cause it's this guy
I like the Sources in description please do it more
13:24 A good time to mention that the Pope, Borgia, was Spanish. (Yes, I know he was Aragonese.)
@Cheese Head Portugal
oh nononono
hahahahaha
13:20 hey! You mentioned Cape Verde! That's where I was born :)
All hail Cabo Verde. Beatiful place.
“Truth resists simplicity”… so good
you guys are the best - thanks so much for your work! i will become a patreon :)
"Who do you call?"
Ghostbusters is always the correct answer.
Hey John, you guys are doing a great job. If you can could please run a segment on African history ? but in the perspective of Africans, that would really interesting to see.
this video was informative
This is less summarised than other CC History series. Awesome! Can't wait for the rest.
So far I only watched this and the second episode, but this shows is amazing!!!!
So what’s interesting in it, is that it shows the origins of many modern ideas, and some of those it also proves to be entirely incorrect, giving us new ways to think about the past.
You forgot that 14th century King Dinis of Portugal founded the first Portuguese navy to combat European, and notably Moroccan pirates. The actions against the Moroccans were escalated in the 15th century into conquering and founding port cities, and thus the Portuguese and later European empires.
Awesome channel!
Bro you’re coming in clutch this is perfect for the lesson plan I’m editing for my college class bless you John
And hank too haha
The references to Stan are back!
The exam is tomorrow and this is the last video. I'm ready to get that thicc 2 👌🏼
SAMEEEE
Time Mark 8:48 quote "...by crossing the Pacific..." while graphic shows them crossing the Indian Ocean.
I love your videos!❤
Is there any way you guys could cite some of the art used in videos? Maybe it's just window dressing for some of the topics and people you introduce, but I'd love to be able to check them out.
I love this series and learn so much from it. Your emphasis on an objectively accurate description of history is admirable. As such, to say that "Africa was rich in slaves", while perhaps technically true at the time from a European perspective, is glaringly tone-deaf from the more enlightened perspective that we enjoy today.
Amazing video
I have my IB HL world history exam tomorrow. So thank you if you ever feel unappreciated just know I’m here lol.
Not mentioned: The Battle of Lepanto, the most important naval battle of the Middle Ages, that saved Europe from total Ottoman conquest and gave them time to develop their sea powers. Also not mentioned: Human sacrifice practiced by the natives Cotes battled against.
*Ah, those damn Portuguese people with their exploration and colonization...*
Great video guys!
There goes the Spanish as well in South America.
Oh someone that actually spells Portuguese right, not like a certain company content producer
@Ric Boni the English colonization happened later right? Maybe that part is in another video?
@Ric Boni So you are upset that things are left out? It's crash course. These videos are not meant to be all encompassing.
@Ric Boni Sorry I misunderstood. A lot of history is not well documented in video, and I'll gladly admit that education in America leaves a lot to be desired. I don't know a lot about the Jesuits except that I've heard of them, but I'm interested in learning. Do you think there is a reason American videos leave this information out?
thanks for making this video, I have a test on this tomorrow
lol
Love this video ❤❤❤❤
This all remembers me Age of Empires 2.
WE
The use of the flag of Aragon for Spanish ships is very wrong, as until the 18th century the colonial empire was technically only from Castille.
Yeah I was very confuse with the flag of Aragon in an exploration and colonization video. Aragon was focused on the mediterranean control.
Spot on. Not many people would realize that. Also correct about the attribution. The transatlantic empire was Castilian, the mediterranean one was Aragonese. Probably a touch of political correctness from John in order not to upset the Spaniards who still seem to think their country was born with the Visigoths.
@@ruiworthington1034 there is too much political correctness in this video. There are also some important mistakes here and there.
@@ruiworthington1034 well, as a Spaniard I was pretty disappoint with that use of flag, if anything they could put the Catholic King's coat of arms or even the Burgundian cross. Neither I was surprise of John mentioning slavery of the natives by Spaniards when that actually was illegal by royal decree. Yep good old black leyend
@@leonzoful Just because that position was enforced by royal decree it doesn't mean it wasn't broken or even extensively perpetrated. Are you referring to the laws of Burgos? What is your position in terms of the establishment of the Encomienda in the New World?
Do you agree with his position that the Portuguese and the Spaniards contributed in last scale to the decimation of native populations through the spread of diseases?
Have you read Dava Sorbel's "Longitude" - it's brilliant.
really good video
John seems kind of bummed out - hope everything is OK with you buddy!
1:25 that dialogue refers to Gorillaz Feel Good Inc lyrics.
Great job, as usual! Congrats :)
ThankU!!
You should talk about Central America history
8:55 It's a shame you didn't mention the American-Asian sea trade, though I guess this is European History. But yeah, the trade between Mexico and the Philippines via the Spanish colonies there was very important and led to a lot of exchange between those two areas.
@Somali Kid Right but that is a little later in History, he's still going through the 14-1500s guys.
Chill a bit.
wow excellent works & greatest informative you tube channel !! thank you for your free informative knowledge
This is cool
the fact that they are doing 2 episodes on europeans "age of exploration" is making this series look good after all. i mean they skipped everything before 1300 ce.....hope they do episodes on 30 years war, napoleon, louis XIV and eastern europe under ottoman control.
They skipped that stuff because they match their videos to US Advanced Placement (AP) curriculum. AP European History is entirely focused on *modern* Europe, which as a historical category starts roughly around 1400. If you're familiar with the divisions in academic history you know modern European history is pretty much always treated as its own deal compared to medieval or antiquity history.
And yes, don't worry, what we lose in breadth we gain in depth. As you can tell, this course will have way more detail than the World History series.
I think this is geared towards the already existing AP European History class. So if something isn't covered, or is especially covered, I assume it's because the class does as well.
Viridian Agreed 💯💯💯
We don't know if the Byzantine Emperor was beheaded or not, Constantine XI likely died a common soldier who was never identified.
His last recorded words were, "the city is fallen and I am still alive" after which he led the final action of the Roman Army ever
The Portuguese hoped to form a strategy known as "Mare clausum" which as you all know today did not work out so well for the Portuguese. They wanted to control the South Atlantic as it was the only way to get into the Indian Ocean. Later the English and the French would contest that and create the rule that is now used to regulate the seas, "Mare Liberum".
Good video
Portugal in that period was poor it is a traditional view. Braudel emphasizes that Portugal was not such a poor region in the late 15th century as has been depicted, nor completely was cut- off from the rest of Europe. Her economy was neither primitive no elementary.
1) The Mediterranean type of climate enabled her to produce variety of products like olil, cork, fruit, wax and honey, corn from outside.
2) The external trade helped in the development of navigational activities an promoted shipping interests.
I feel like it would be important to mention that Polynesians were the best navigators to ever exist. And their techniques transformed the exploration game forever.
More energy Tom ! Idk the world history episodes were better but still love everything u do keep it up
Prince henry, Bartolomeu Dias, Vasco de Gama, Cristopher Colombus (discovery of america), Ferdinand Magellan
These descriptions of the Early Spanish and Portuguese exploration deeply leave out so many details - Likely because John is operating from a US history curriculum which demonizes and leaves out important details in Hispanic history.
The Black Legend is still very prevalent in American History courses and I wish John took the time to update his curriculum with the fact that it has been discredited in mind
as Shuri from black panther says: "Colonizers!"
Please make these videos a podcast
Oh man, that whole Crash Course: Human Geography was a huge stuff up considering what we just learnt lol
Prior to the age of exploration, did the Portuguese have a seafaring tradition or war that started by Henry the Navigator and his school?
They had a tradition of trading with the north sea (England Frandres and stuff) and had a feitoria in Antwerp, also they were really in to fishing too
As a portuguese myself and daughter of a father that was born in a former portuguese colony, I loved this video about the history of my country. Still, like any other country mine too has a glorious and shameful history. Just wished the video had more info on the outreach of the portuguese empire.
What are you ashamed of?
@@leobat7007 Slave trade and Colonialism. It's not a good mark on our history
@Pedro Costa honest.
@@Zetamen7 It actually is though. The difference between slavers and slaves, colonizers and colonized, is the difference between a great civilization and a minor one. You should be proud of your past and your ancestors, they were awesome.
@@leobat7007 slavery trade for starters.
I'm watching this to Learn European History as I was only taught the World Wars for the history of my continent.
There seems to be a typo in the text box while discussing South America's division between Spain and Portugal