Scientific Revolution: Crash Course European History #12
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 13 ก.ค. 2019
- There was a lot of bad stuff going on in Europe in the 17th century. We've seen wars, plagues, and unrest of all types. But, there is some good news. Huge advances were underway in the scientific community in Europe at this time. In this video we'll look at the progress of knowledge with Galileo, Copernicus, Kepler, Harvey, Newton, and more.
Sources
-Hunt, Lynn et al. The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures, 6th ed. Boston: Bedford St. Martin’s, 2019.
-Porter, Roy and Mikulás Teich, eds. The Scientific Revolution in National Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
-Shapin, Steven. The Scientific Revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
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I’m new to this series, but is John Green speaking SLOWER?!?!
* more slowly
@@aperson22222 You must be fun at parties
He stopped taking his adderal it seems.
I think somebody ate his soul
I had to speed up the playback speed as well.
You *can* turn lead into gold, but (1) the process costs more than the gold is worth, and (2) the gold produced is radioactive.
Tim McGaha True, I’m sick of people saying that it’s impossible. It’s a misnomer.
Well ... It's not like it stays (dangerously) radioactive forever ... Conversion efficiency is definitely the main delay for practical application.
Alpha particle nuclear capture is fun, no doubt. :-p
I was just about to write this
Who cares, you could still sell it on eBay.
@@knewledge8626 "the process costs more than the gold is worth"
who else is watching this for a school assignment
"That would be unlivable!" Yes. Yes it would be.
WisMicYal11 yer that’s where we are.
@@alexeifrederickflores4021 ha, I know.
"worthless ancients" is the old timey "ok Boomer"
True
Except the people screaming ok boomer can’t figure out what bathroom to pee in.
ChestyMD Ooo edgy. You must be a boomer
@@realblackbetty2204 ok boomer
@@realblackbetty2204 No, they can and have, it's just that boomers for some reason think that they get to dictate which bathroom to use to everybody else.
I still think John Green has his humor it just subtle. It was funny the way he screamed and put down Yoric's skull. That was funny for me. John Green you're still funny to me. Keep up the wonderful work.
Anybody else forced to watch this for a quarantine project
you is corona
yep
yeah
*my social studies teacher comes into the chat and screams at everyone including me to watch it anyway ;-;*
I want to say thank you so much John and the entire crash course team for making these
Let me be the first to reiterate: "Knowledge is power, France is bacon!"
The original from an 8 year old comment or reddit:
When I was young my father said to me:
"Knowledge is Power....Francis Bacon"
I understood it as "Knowledge is power, France is Bacon".
For more than a decade I wondered over the meaning of the second part and what was the surreal linkage between the two? If I said the quote to someone, "Knowledge is power, France is Bacon" they nodded knowingly. Or someone might say, "Knowledge is power" and I'd finish the quote "France is Bacon" and they wouldn't look at me like I'd said something very odd but thoughtfully agree. I did ask a teacher what did "Knowledge is power, France is bacon" mean and got a full 10 minute explanation of the Knowledge is power bit but nothing on "France is bacon". When I prompted further explanation by saying "France is Bacon?" in a questioning tone I just got a "yes". at 12 I didn't have the confidence to press it further. I just accepted it as something I'd never understand.
It wasn't until years later I saw it written down that the penny dropped.
@@dielfonelletab8711 mmmmmm French bacon
Power is power! -Cersei Lannister
The colour scheme of his shirt is so perfect for the backdrop, specifically the frames map on the wall
Shoutout to my man Giordano Bruno. He also advocated for the idea that all the stars in the sky were suns that had their own planets around them, and that they might foster life of their own. There's a very cool bronze statue of him in Rome, and he is honored with a bas-relief statue among the likes of Albert Einstein, Nicolaus Copernicus, and Isaac Newton as a father of space exploration in Russia's Cosmonaut Museum. RIP a true martyr of science.
Except that is a gross exaggeration... he thought the Earth was literally alive and had a soul... he thought there was a blending between divinity and humanity... and he thought that the Holy Spirit was that spirit of the universe/Earth... and that it was not divine...
So... while he may of had other... beliefs... its not why he was tried/convicted/sentenced by the inquisition. At least that is what the facts show us. Because there were humanists who had similar ideas about other worlds, Earth not the center of the universe, and other beliefs who were witnesses at his trial to testify against him...
The reason why speculation has crept into the matter is the copy of the formal accusations by the inquisition to the governor of Rome at that time has been lost to history... But the idea that he was burned for anything close to a modern view of the universe is abjectly laughable and makebelieve.
Unless your globe of the Earth is also a symbol for the Holy Spirit and how all humanity share a common soul...
Thunderwalker87 You’re right that he had other beliefs besides his secular ones that probably contributed to his death, and he might not have been the first to think there were other planets and life in the stars (though I personally haven’t heard of anyone else who thought that at the time). But he was a strong advocate for these ideas, secular and mystical, and they did run counter to Catholic philosophy at the time. The point was he was a free-thinker whose religious AND secular ideas challenged the religious establishment, and he was killed for it. I still think he qualifies as a martyr for free thought, even if he wasn’t as secular as Galileo.
*scientific Revolution in Europe happens*
Europe: well now time to conquer most of the world
Civ style upgrading
I mean wouldnt you? :P
Sadly a moral revolution was slow in catching up.
@Harry Paul I know, but that doesn't somehow justify what the Europeans did or make it morally right.
>Just the way the world worked
And that way was savage and wrong, and payed no heed to human rights.
they were not the bad guys LOL ,just take a look at what the Belgians did to Congo , the Spanish to native Indians , the British to native Australians , the french to Algerians , just few examples , for you buddy , & that " jeudo Christian values are superior to any other culture " you clearly didn't watch the previous episodes of religious wars , watch haunting , & slavery
Rene Descartes was born in 1596, not 1569. He was just shy of 54 when he died, not 81.
Had he been 81 then we'd not be nearly as mad with Christina of Sweden.
You're missing some parts, Bruno did not only preach heliocentrism he also put down many of the same problems with the catholic church as Huss and Luther later would, those statements are what got him burned. And part of the reason the church reacted so badly to Galileo was because if he proved that Bruno had been right about one thing people may start thinking he had been right about some of the stuff the church felt more strongly about.
Before Bruno the church had actually been quite supportive of the quest to understand the solar system, some popes had even advocated heliocentism themselves.
@@DoubtfulCertainties Oh yeah now that you mention it Bruno did seek refuge with the protestants for a while. Well that actually gives even more reason why the papacy acted so strongly against him.
From "Sure, we'll fund you looking into that" to "Kepler, we're banning your book on planetary motion for 200 years". 🤦
In 1992 the Vatican accepted he was right, therefore, the church killed him because he teaching about the Universe was bad for the religion.
They killed him for his scientific discoveries, not for ''not teaching well religion''.
If not, why the vatican made the public apology in 1992?
Nice try.
@@veronicagorosito187 interestingly, Sungenis (famous *modern* Catholic geocentric theologist) just last night said at the 1hr mark of his livestream that he thinks that in the future the Roman Catholic Church will see through the "mist" of Newtonian physics and return to their previous position of condemning Galileo. 🤣
@@progidy7 and the point is?
WOW I haven't watched Crash Course in many months. You have slowed down your speech DRAMATICALLY and it's amazing... so much easier to watch, so much easier to understand. I never understood why you spoke so fast in old videos. It was rattling. Well done in improving the lessons.
I dont even have an exam or school, i literally watch these just to see more of john green.
Such a good episode. Loved how it ended on the moon landings and tied in Galileo. Great job CC team!
John sounds a lot less energetic... I’m not sure I like that.
Aging and fatherhood will do that to a person.
try 1.25 speed bromley
This video is very well put together! A pleasure!
Someone ought do more research on Giordano Bruno. He was burned at the stake but NOT for teaching Copernicus' Heliocentric findings. Rather it was for not teaching the Trinity, transubstantiation and religious heresy.
Correct. It seems harsh to us but for science the holy church executed no one.
Copernicus' book still wasn't even banned at the time Bruno was burned.
@@Madhattersinjeans just read footnotes at wikipedia.
"Religious heresy" needs to be expanded upon. It is too broad a phrase by far, and could include much science.
Yep, see Frances Yates’s “Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition”
It's fitting that you used Yorick for the globe feature for this episode - Hamlet actually came up in an astrophysics class I took for the coolest reasons. When Tycho Brahe published his work on the 1572 supernova and its parallax being inconsistent with the "eternal universe" Aristotelian model followed by the Catholic Church, the "new star" is thought to have become something of a pop culture icon. Several modern scholars have argued that the "star that's westward from the pole" is Brahe's supernova, because Brahe's findings match Shakespeare's description.
Either way, when you look at the 1586 portrait of Brahe and his noble ancestors, you'll notice two of the names - Rosenkrantz and Guldensteren - seem very familiar.
Yorick, meet astrophysics.
I just need to tell how much I enjoy these videos. Love you crashcourse ❤️
The solar system is like an onion?
It has layers.
Not perfectly concentric layers. Our solar system is not perfectly flat and the planets' orbits are not perfectly circular.
In 3-D presentation, yes!
@@alpharho1354 That makes no sense
John I've always loved history and you seem to make even the boring bits entertaining, please dont ever stop.
Wondering where the next video is, I need my fix :(
And I would also like to comment that I would love to see crash course tackle art history
Peace
One important thing to note is that Descartes essentially (At least tried to) deduce his way to induction, which sets him apart from the ancients who essentially relied on chains of deduction to reach conclusions with no observation
Is an episode on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth coming soon? In fact, I'd love to see a bit more focus on the parts of Europe east of the Holy Roman Empire
Well you can transmute lead into gold, but it takes a nuclear reactor, and it's not worth the effort.
I think a particle accelerator will do the trick too.
arguably even medieval alchemists had a understanding of trasmutation as a process of its own worth, half mysticism, half esoteric advancement of the self even, in which, excuse my platitude, "the route is the goal".
So, one might say, with the scientific advancement having reached the point where we do know what you've stated, Alchemists somewhat came full circle. Basically scientific research in its own is "the philosophers stone".
@@ithemba I like that way of looking at it.
You'd need a fusion reactor actually, endothermic fusion mind you. You're probably a lot better of using a particle accelerator.
@Shall NotWither Nah Mercury was important but it wasn't anywhere near abundant enough that turning it into gold would have been profitable.
I love your work. Welcome back
These scientists deserve more than just an episode!
They, and others, got a whole crash course series: the history of science. Go check it out.
nice :D
And CC Philosophy
That was fantastic. Thank you for sharing. PEACE : )
hi John, I watch you from Syria, Aleppo. You made a great impact on my life.. Thanks buddy
What's the painting at 0:26? It's just beautiful how it portrays scientists as people who bringing light into the world, otherwise such a dark place.
John, you really don't sound like you're in the best of health or spirits in this video, your voice sounds a bit deeper and lot creakier. You are undoubtedly an exceptionally important resource in the world of online video and although we might have no idea what's wrong, we all wholeheartedly wish you better in heart, mind, body and (just for completeness, purely metphorically? Or maybe even metaphysically?) soul.
Lol, I'd like to blame today's technological advances for my short attention span, but I think it's just my curiosity pinging all over the place. That said, I love these crash course vids, because it's like consuming a lot of info in a bite sized format. Not to mention, it tends to answer enough of things I'm curious about, while allowing to be exposed to others that might not have crossed my radar...yet. Either way, if curious enough, I know I can look to expand my knowledge based on info taken from what I picked up here, so thanks for posting and keep up the good work.
I love your show very much, jeep it up! :)
Galileo’s impact @ 5:46
Descartes @ 8:20
Newton @ 9:46
Yay! That was _Mike's_ Yorick! Glad to see that he's not having to "rest" between bookings.
Loving it, keep em coming
1:42 except for that disease part, but that’s only a recent thing. Week 3 of social distancing wwwooooooo!
8:47 Excellent shade thrown
Great video. I especially like the concepts of observation, alternative fact, Doing your own research, and making your own conclusions.
Those concepts summarize most of what I do in my scientific career.
I always read original research. I look at how experiments were performed, equipment used, and the exact observations.
I have found that in many cases the facts presented and texts and videos on a particular topic are not the same as the facts of the actual observations.
Happy to see Garcia da Orta’s work mentioned. I’m from one of the indigenous community he worked with :)
You don't win you do a little better each time
Its history in a nutshell
Europeans history has never been boring and it's always been interesting.
european history it like a good action movie
@Herbal Shaman what are you trying to say here? Can you be a little less esoteric.
"imagine a world where you have to choose between a set of facts and a set of 'alternate' facts..."
hmmm...
Let me start by expressing my continued admiration for the amazing work completed by the Crush Course. I am a long time fun and I use your videos both for teaching and for my own learning. You are amazing.
It is the first time though that I take issue with some of the content and presentation of it. You are usually were fair and balanced and recognise the nuances of history and i am somehow surprised by this episode - especially it’s coverage of the relationship between scientific revolution and the Catholic Church. Let me start with things which are undeniably true: yes Galileo was trialed and ultimate arrested by the Church, yes one of the reasons was the disagreement on the heliocentric model, and yes Churched killed Bruno. As you correctly point out the investigation of the case by the Church lead to apologies.
However what is missing from this narrative is all the nuance and instead it’s presented in the same conflict model, XIX century view of history with brave scientists using truth and reason to rebel against the superstition and power hungry church. That part is clearly unfair to what actually happen.
Let’s start with the fact that majority of the people mentioned in the video were faithful catholics for their entire lives - including Galileo. Let’s comment on the fact that Copernicus was never persecuted or in trouble for his work. In fact his books were not under any attack from the church until much later and only due to the actions of Galileo. Let’s talk about the fact that Bruno was not persecuted because of his scientific views (he was in fact not a scientist but a mystic who misunderstood most of the science behind heliocentric - not that it’s ok for anybody to be persecuted for that but let’s not talk about him as martyr for science). What about the fact that in response to Galileo the representative of the church clearly stated that the issues with his model was just as much an issue of scientific evidence as it was of theology and that if those evidence can be provided church will have to rethink its interpretation of the scripture. How about we don’t talk about geocentric as church doctrine as it was not.
And all that can be added to the fact they Descartes definitely didn’t come up with deductive reasoning. In fact most of the early modern grasp of logic was significantly inferior to scholastic logic - which can be seen in the later development of logic which returned to much of scholasticism in XX century.
Apart from that - I love the series and I wish Poland was covered more.
Wow Matt, that was thorough. Thanks.
Where had u gone for 2 weeks bro!!!?
@Gavin Zurcher like everyone is at ur mum's
I think you should do a Ctash Coutse on art and art history.
Neuton in 9:50 looks like ninja lol
everyone please get crash course to 10million subscribers i've been watching for years and i think they deserve it
Member of the 9th generation here and avid subscriber to this series (all of the Crash Course histories, really)
Who is the artist and what is the title of the background painting seen at 14:24 thru 14:27 ? It's a gorgeous painting!! Thanks.
Mr John Green, where is your sense of humour that you once had? :(
Thank you for this
The 60 minutes interview of John Green last night on CBS was as interesting as an episode of CrashCourse
Excuse me Crash course but, if you don't mind, could you please do the revision thing you do at the end of the video, like, breaking the video into chapters? This was done in the Philosophy course and a few other courses. I would really love that, thank you.
I was looking forward to this one, but it was a letdown. To date the episodes have been well-researched, but there are many problems with the presentation given here that any intellectual historian could (and should) have pointed out. It's not only wrong details like Descartes' birthdate (1596) and omissions, like Descartes' massive contributions to math, mechanism, and ontology or the major reason for Bruno's death. Rather, there are broader conceptual failures, like the ideological freight of conceiving primarily of "the scientific revolution" as a response to religious orthodoxy (the term itself has been fiercely debated for 20-30 years now). This is simply not consistent with modern scholarship, and viewers are advised to correct and supplement their understanding with accessible resources like Lawrence M. Principe's "The Scientific Revolution: A Very Short Introduction" or Peter Dear's "Revolutionizing the Sciences."
John whooten "Inventing Science"
Hi CrashCourse, at 14:30 you show a painting. Could you tell me the name of the painting?
Second historical pet peeve:
Galileo wasn't excommunicated for his science. He was excommunicated for publishing his science in common Italian so that common people could read it. His science wasn't illegal, it was his method of publishing his science that was illegal.
At the time of Galileo, the Church was financing LOTS of scientists publishing about heliocentrism, including Kepler. Kepler and Galileo were contemporaries. Kepler never had any trouble with the church because he published in Latin for the academic elite like a good little academic guy is supposed to. Galileo was asked to stop publishing in Italian by the Pope and Galileo publicly called the Pope an idiot. Galileo was then excommunicated.
Actually part of why he was persecuted is because Giordano Bruno had spoken about heliocentrism and Bruno had also suggested that the pope was the Antichrist. So when Galileo began convincing people that heliocentrism was actually right the papacy got worried someone may decide that perhaps Bruno was right about other stuff too.
@@DaDunge Sure, but my point was, Why was the Pope concerned about Galileo and not Kepler? They were both teaching heliocentric theory. Only Galileo ever had any problems with the church.
@@tulio_moreiraaa Right. As an aging and nearly blind man, being sentenced to house arrest in his Venice Villa wasn't exactly the heaviest handed punishment the Pope could have thought up.
You should cover the rise of Anthropology, Philology (linguistics), and Social Science (of Course economics is older) in the next video.
Fantastic visuals. Damn.
To change a metal into another one you add/subtract protons, we’ve done it before but it’s not stable
Outstanding!
Cool video!
NEVER STOP MAKING VIDEOS
The opening of the globe, part of the video, broke me. xD
You guys should do an art history series next!
I missed you, John Green!
"old wives tables"? Did I hear that correctly. :)
Also, I love these. These are two of my favorite video series online
He said fables.
I think you should have mentioned one important thing: Copernicus did his work before the Tridentine Council. So he didn’t finish burned but maybe not highly regarded either. The other ones were after the Council of Trent which is way they we’re burned.
Hmmm facts and alternate facts that sounds familiar. Almost like a place I'm living in but starting to think I may not be able to live in much longer.
The intro music no longer blows my ears off! :) Great vid!
It's great to hear you at a slower pace. 👍
I am not a patron but maybe this comment will inspire one.
Crashcourse Music Theory.
Or maybe just music since music history is also very interesting.
From how our system of notes works to chord notation and what chords work with what scales.
Dzięki Klaudia ,działam i czuje rezultaty.
8:29 R Descartes, WHAT? no mention that he invented a mathematical/geometrical framework upon which to form the analytical tools for Newton and Leibniz?
History of Science completely ignored LeMaitre even though his work is the basis for the origins of the universe sooo... sometimes they miss major players
They didn't mention Leibniz at all, and barely mentioned him in the crash course history of science list.
John Green, did you just assume my age?
Juliet McKaig yes, yes he did.
Did you just assume he was assuming?
Yes, he did. "11th? what? I'm nearly 10 years older than you, J."
It's over 18, right?
Make a course about architecture :D
Keep it up humanity. Optimism, science and making life better here on earth are the best.
Descartes birth year typo *1596 vs 1569. Thanks for the amaze vids!
10:26 me and the boys flying a flying saucer for the first time after raiding Area 51
References to History of Science (given), Philosophy (sure), and... Theater? Okay. Lights up.
And a perfectly timed reminder of the moon landing on the 50th anniversary of Apollo 11.
Galileo? Galileo!
Galileo? Galileo!
Galileo? Galileo, figaro. Magnifico!
When people think that Columbus was laughed at for thinking the earth is round (which didn't happen), I think people just confuse that with the belief that the earth is the center of the universe (which did happen, although that conflict happend later).
Are you by any chance familiar with a TH-cam channel called Knowing Better? I'm just asking because it sounds like you watched his Columbus video.
Tycho Brahe has a metal nose!
The only thing I remember from high school physics class.
can someone tell me the name of the painting at 1:21
Great video as usual! There's just a little type that I would like to point out. At 8:22, we can read that Descartes' birth year is 1569, whereas he was born in 1596.
Galileo was friends with the pope and had conversations with him, but when he published his book the arguments against his claim that he mentioned in the book were made by someone who’s name in Latin means “stupid,” and were near direct quotes from what the pope said to Galileo
John you forgot to plug cc Anatomy and physiology when you had the skull
Johns natural acting is riveting
A course on interior design pleeease
Wow, John your voice has really changed since those first crash course vids hasnt it? Guess that's time for ya. Boom! TH-cam History
8:50 “Imagine we lived in a world where there were facts but there was also a set of alternate facts and you had to chose between them”
"And Rene Descartes was a drunken fart, "I drink, therefore I am." "
~Monty Python
I miss you from the past 😢
*_AT LAST!_* the scientific revolution
Dang that flat earth roast was smooth
Fun fact: The Scientific Revolution is a scientific revolution. *The more you know*
So you see, the puppy was a dog... but the industr... err, science... that was a revolution, my friend...
8:48 crazy foreshadowing
Beautiful