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Made with iOS IbisPaint. Soundtrack used is the Industrial Rome, Medieval Sumeria, Industrial Scythia, Industrial Greece, and Atomic Scythia themes from the Civilization 6 OST, I don't own the rights to the tracks.
The whole grand sweep of Roman and Byzantine heavy infantry evolution from the 9th century BC to the 15th century AD. I've kept to calling them Byzantines mostly out of convention (yes they are Romans) but also to recognise them as their own distinctive culture. - ภาพยนตร์และแอนิเมชัน
![True Size of a Byzantine Army [c. 900 AD] 3D DOCUMENTARY](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/jE48hMEGlPI/mqdefault.jpg)
![True Size of a Byzantine Army [c. 900 AD] 3D DOCUMENTARY](/img/tr.png)
It's interesting how what we imagine as the iconic roman legionary armour is actually pretty early, and short lived, in Rome's history.
*late
Cause it looks cool as fuck
It was some of the most effective.
Just expensive to make and a bitch to maintain.
When it comes to war, especially for the Boots, cost efficiency trumps raw performance every time.
@@TaRAAASHBAGSunless of course production difference is very small
@@TaRAAASHBAGSSegmentata was actually not that expensive to craft or maintain. Hamata, on the other hand, took forever to be made and consumed more metal, but was cheaper to maintain.
No matter how sad the Fall of the Byzantine Empire and missing the opportunity to become the biggest irony by turning into a republic in modern era, I am glad it lasted this long
lol that would've been awesome
Or even better: it turns back into a republic in the wake of the French Revolution, but then some time during the 19th century it reverts back to a kingdom, with a Roman king. Thus the cycle would be complete: from monarchy to republic to empire to republic to kingdom.
Or even better: World War 1 begins and the Republic of the Byzantine reverts back into an empire.
That is interesting, what about a large number of former byzantine refugees find safety on Malta and later going on to settle in new Spain eventually revolting and making the western Roman republic of Mexico.🤔
When the Byzantine empire fell, it was still the Roman Res Publica(or in Greek, Politeia). It never abandoned being a "Republic" or stopped calling itself that. It's just that the Romans didn't have the same definition that the modern term does.
One Etruscan disliked this.
and also don’t forget the Carthaginians
A total of five Samnites so far!
I honestly dont understand why people would click dislike on this?
@@charliestepson90 Bots, probably
some persians and arabs asw
Romans always took the best from every people they met, and assimilated them in time
The real strong of Rome
"complain less / adapt more " ;)
And eventually they met people who would not be assimilated and the empire broke from corruption.
The difference in quality with your earlier work is stunning to say the least. You've gone from good to magnificent. The shine on the armour and the leather belts was just amazing
Thanks mate:)
Your voice sounds nice, like you could voice a podcast
Seeing all this variety in Roman Arms and Armor kinda makes me sad that when in Fantasy there's a faction that is supposed to be an expy of the Roman Empire (The Empire of Cyrodiil in the Elder Scrolls, and especially Skyrim, for instance), they always default to the "Galea and Lorica Segmentata" look of the Imperial Legionaries, just because it is the most well-known Roman Infantry. Just look at the Danubian Legionary at 3:44 ! The armor almost looks early Medieval, and has a very striking look to it.
Or anything from the 4th Century onwards, really. Eastern Rome and the Byzantine Empire are severely overlooked in Fantasy when it comes to taking inspiration for a faction.
Also, I think the Varangian Bra was probably there to distribute the weight of the armor from just resting on a soldier's shoulders and hips (belt).
Well I hear that Mount and Blade Bannerlord has a Byzantium expy
From Hong Kong, but spent time in Canada
In the distant future yes:)
Imperial faction in Bannerlord are heavily inspired by 8-11 century Eastern Roman Army.
Bannerlord made a nice attempt at escaping the more stereotypical looking Roman infantry, with clear Eastern Roman influences.
I don't know why, but everytime I saw you draw the pattern for chain mail, I felt so satisfied. Especially the moment when you finished filling the last part of the chain mail.
Same here man
This was one of your best videos. I also think, your drawings gets better and better, compared to your first video of the roman army. I also liked the historical background facts. You could really imagine, how and why the troopers evolved in that manner.
What I would really like to see would be germanic or iberian troopers from antiquity to the renaissance
The evolution of German and Iberian troopers from antiquity to the Renaissance would be pretty cool
Commentary is a great addition makes this video leagues better than your other ones which are already really good.
The Gothians could be a remarkable fantasy inspiration. The blended Gothic, Byzantine and possibly Turkish influences must be something!
if only we knew more about them!!
Great video, I always wondered what late Byzantine soldiers looked like and I would see some films of the Siege of Constantinople where the Byzantines are wearing early Middle Age spangenhelmets
Yeah film studios just use whatever medieval props they have at hand I guess
foojer And, they‘ve never opened a history book either.
After rewatching this, all I wanna see is Roman/ Byzantine uniforms in the Napoleonic wars ... Ohh god this quarantine is affecting my brain, I am daydreaming.
Now that would be cool....
@@foojer Yeah Byzantium surviving is one of the great What If's of History.
There's DLC in EU4 for that.
@@Ezpazmic Yeah and in Tier 4 the Infantry Musketman wears plate cuirass, THE INFANTRYMAN!!!
They would probably wear Maroon uniforms similar to a Russian uniform.
Started with “For the city”, ended with “For the city”.
For Rome And Byzantium!
Manipular: Upgrade
Legionary: Upgrade
Infantryman: Shit go back
Militia: I SAID GO BACK
The best explanation for the Varangian Bra that I've seen is that it helps with weight distribution, a common issue with heavy mail coats.
great work! it's funny and maybe a little sad to see them start from "for the city" and end with the same phrase, but nothing stays forever, does it
This is a highly valuable video for anyone who wants to do their own historical artwork. Showing all the layers beneath the armor is important, because it let's everyone know how the gear was put together.
Mhm that’s the first time I heard an English Person pronouncing a German word perfectly... I am impressed with all of your vids! I stumbled upon you like 3 videos ago and instantly subbed! This is amazing content, keep it up!
Ah good to know all my years of learning German haven’t gone to waste:)
Stop reminding me of 1435 bro you make me depressed.
Loricatvs 1527 1453* 😊👍🏻
I understand what you mean.
It's also the year the English were finally kicked out of France (minus Calais)
@@Duke_of_Lorraine you, I know you, you comment frequently on extra history.
@@richraichu4068 haha, lmao me too I recognized him
Severan dynasty/Crisis of the Third Century reenactor here. Thank you for representing 3rd century AD troops with accuracy.
The world is ready to accept the aesthetical superiority of Niederbieber helmets!
In matter of events, the 193-284 AD period (Middle Imperial) makes Game of Thrones look bland 😈
Nice:) I've always wondered tho, are Niederbieber helmets very uncomfortable to wear? They seem to offer great protection but your head is almost completely encased, plus you can't tilt your head up while wearing it
@@foojer I can tilt my head but to a limited extent, I'd say. They're not uncomfortable, as I wear mine with a proper galericum below.
Such a tragedy that Diocletian's reforms phase them out due to the cost and time to their fabrication, even if some models survived throughout the 4th century.
@@foojer Although crouching position is definitely a challenge, to say the least.
That's why archeologists think the Roman soldiers found gassed by sulfur dioxide in one underground tunnel during the siege of Dura-Europos in 256 AD didn't wear helmets.
@Deniz Metinoğlu T. Those are my two favorite emperors. They deserve either movies or series about them.
Have you social media? Is hard to found reenactor groups from that awesome but neglected period of the roman history
I love your art style!!!
The comical figure wearing the highly detailed armour, really shows that the focus isn’t the man, but his clothing!
Keep up the good work man!
Love from Germnay :)
Vielen Dank, friend:)
I always love your art, but I really liked the additional facts as well. :)
Thank you for this Great Video showing also the often forgot Late Roman and Byzantine Army and also the Little Empires. (Trebizond, Soissons)
Man this is one of the most briliant ideas for YT videos I have witnessed. Imediately subscribed. You have no idea how you brought order to my basic knowledge of Roman military gear, which is very comperhensive and soo distinct through centuries. Thumbs up !
This is a very clearly illustrated walkthrough of the look and feel of Roman Legion spanning almost 1000 years. This vid explains way better than Metatron's "Evolution of Roman Armour - Kingdom, Republic, Empire" vid. I loved your comment of "Surprisingly short lived Lorica Segmentata, and yet it became the defacto legionary look. Yes that look often overly presented in games, TV, documentaries and film for all Roman periods. Even as a Roman fanatic as Metatron, he never mentioned this ironical statement of "short lived, but still iconic"... This is a well researched and yet still delightfully explained video. I've watched a lot of SPQR vids on TH-cam. This is by far the best one to demythify that singular look of Roman legion(lorica segmentata). Great work!
Your style evolved beautifully
I figured the Lorica Segmentata stuck with people because of how unique, and possibly uniquely Roman, it was compared to the rest of their gear. We go from Greek styled hoplites to chainmail, Gallic helmets and Spanish swords... Then, out of nowhere, segmented plate armour that only sticks around for a portion of Rome's history and doesn't seem to come up anywhere else in history. As quickly as it appears, it's suddenly replaced by eastern scale armour and the latest in Gallic helmets. This is just conjecture, but people better versed in Roman history than me might have some more plausible theories.
That's definitely part of it. It's very clearly and obviously *Roman* compared to the rest of it, but it was expensive and complex to make compared to scalemail, chainmail, and lamellar armors.
Great video, would love one of various barbarians gear over time, such as one specifically of all the Celtic styles from the Hallstatt period to the Jacobite rebellion or of the all the Scytho-sarmartian styles from the Greeks descriptions to the Alans of the Middle Ages
Yes! I would love to see (at least a speculative look of) the Huns, Hepthalites, Kutrigurs, Avars, Bulgars, Magyars, Pechenegs... and so on!
Ooo and/or a tour of the different Germanic successors in the west: Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Vandals, Franks, Gepids, Lombards, and Heruli
This video deserves many more views and likes. Such meticulous detailing (for it's scope) and the sheer amount of work that would've gone into making all that art, even if stylistically simple.
Also, the music selection was great. It really set the mood, putting into mind the notion of past glory and the inherent contemplative sadness of it having passed away forever into memory.
Magnificent!
This comment will inevitably see a lot of repeat of praise I've heaped on you before, but heck.
I love the format of this video. Treating the evolution of a state's combat gear, along with brief, but very informative notes on each set piece is a great way to get into not only the warfare aspect of said state, but the cultural development surrounding it.
You art style continues to improve as well. Some pieces of cloth look almost photo-realistic, like the gorget and cap of the 7th century infantryman. The metallics look very pretty as well. Many of the scale/lamellar armour pieces look almost like they're from an oil painting.
As someone very interested in the Byzantine period, particularly between the Heracleian and Komnenian era, the later part of this video was a treat.
For the first Komnenian 12th century Skoutatos, I'm a bit... not sceptical, but still curious. The manikella in conjunction with a hauberk seems a bit odd to me. That might just be personal bias towards an "arms are usually the last part to get solid protection"-idea, but then again, 'usually'.
I figure the Niederbieben type helmet was much like the Lorica Segmentata: too expensive and complicated to maintain in large numbers. I find it fascinating how close it is in design to late medieval helmets, particularly the armet.
I would actually argue experimenting a bit with getting rid of the black contour lines. In some of the pieces, they seem almost invasive, set against the textures of the different surfaces, be they metallic or fabric. I've no idea how it would look, but it'd be interesting to see.
I think my favourites are the first 4th century legionary, the 6th century Bucellarius, the late 6th century infantryman, the various 10th century Skoutatoi, and the 13th century infantrymen, the last for sheer ugly-cool looks. Far too many favourites. I feel like that six year-old you mentioned trying to pick a favourite candy.
Which - smooth transition - brings us into you commentary. As I said above, brief, but plenty informative, and as always, delivered with insight as well as your brilliant deadpan humour.
Lovely seeing this vid. Hope you're doing good in these chaotic times.
Cheers.
Dude I honestly treat your comments as like the pay off for my work (well not the only pay off but it’s honestly a huge part of it). Thanks for the feedback man, yeah I’m honestly pretty impressed with the new look. Totally agree on the lines, I didn’t feel it at first but now I totally get it. Might try to phase those out slowly, or maybe make them thinner. Yeah the Byzantine rerebraces were kinda conjecture, it might well not have been like that. Anyway thanks for making my day once again bro, and yeah you take care too:)
Love that you have Magna Mater going in the background.
Great video. This kind of presentation of the different types of soldiers is respectable.
A little sidenote: The common use of trousers in the 4th century, not only a germanic influence, but also hunnic too. Probably the the first people in Europe who were wearing trousers were horse nomads. (If I know correctly, we do not have hystorical presentation for wearing trousers, only after the apperance of the huns in Europe, wich happend also in the 4th century. It is possible, that the roman armadopted the trousers from the huns.)
Roman soldiers have been wearing trousers in northern Europe since the late Republic. they didn't just freeze to death
@@histguy101 If I know correctly the first roman illustration of the trousers, is from the Column of Arcadius. And this monument was made after the arriving of the huns to Europe.
I do not say that the trousers on roman soldiers were only hun influence. But this horse nomad nation certainly had some influence on roman military.
@@frosthammer2386 Perhaps, but the Romans were in contact with trousers wearing peoples very early on, such as the Celts, from whom they adopted all sorts of things, like their armor, helmets, shields, swords, etc.
By the late Republic, soldiers were wearing 3/4 length pants with leg warmers.
I don't think we can say they adopted pants from the Huns, as Roman pants were tight-fitting, like leggings. The Huns and Avars wore very billowy, baggy trousers, which would be seen as feminine in Roman society. They thought a man's muscular legs should not be hidden.
@@histguy101 It could happened. One little side note: that 'very billowy' part, with the pants of the Huns and the Avars is not really true in my opinion.
They had baggy trousers, that's true. But only to a certain degree. The trousers were made in a way, that they won't be limitation in certain movements.
But this type of very baggy trousers, worn by the Turks (in the Middle Ages) for example, was not really common among Huns, Avars, or Hungarian people.
Rome falls - I slep
Constantinople falls - I cry
Same man and even worse is that in 1923 the greeks lost all hopes of regaining Constantinople
hidden aren’t you ashamed?
@@wv8d Dont wory, one day, we will reclaim Constantinople in name of NATO and nonmuslim world.
@@honzavasicek well probably but not anytime soon since the city is too heavily turkified
@@honzavasicek nope.
I always love Roman history and it's enemies.Thank you for this great work detailing types of soldiers Rome had from its rise and downfall.
I love how you included Trebizond and Theodoro in there. Way too often overlooked parts of Byzantine history!
Theodoro is particularly ignored, there's really not much about them out there.
Most Roman dramas set in the 1st century BC (Spartacus, Caesar in the picture) or the 1st century AD (Christ and early Christianity), and we often see the uniforms from those eras. It's very informative seeing what they looked like in other eras.
Your drawings improve in quality over time, just like the Roman army did :)
6:31
Greetings from Berkasovo, Serbia!
The Trapezountines as you called them definitely called themselves Roman and their ancestors till this day still call themselves Roman. My family are the descendants of the Trapezountines.
As always, an amazing work!
0:05 you forgot that some time in the 8th century romans started wearing skin, they would still depict sculptures skinless throughout the century
It was Majestic, Im glad to have learned many of underrated and unknown armours, I am also happy to see that you included the the post Constantinople units (Trebizond, Theodoros) I think the "Gothians" viewed themselves as a mix of the 2 culture, Greco-Roman and Gothic
The graphics and illustrations are really pleasing to look at.
This most certainly saids another light on my view of Roman armor. Nice video!
I noticed that epic Civ 6 Roman Theme background music!
I love how he uses the Speer right and not with overhand grip
amazing work and amazing soundrtacks from Civilizations VI🙏👌
I think very early Roman and neighbouring Italian warriors having gear resembling Gallic gear (with Greco-Etruscan influence) is because, quite likely, a subsection of the Roman and Italian tribes WERE Celtic cousins of the Iberians and Gauls in the first place.
The Romans were partly Hellenised Celts from the onset (and the near by Samnites even wore Celtic style neck torques).
well they did live near the celts so their cultural influence must of had some effect on the tribes of the Italian peninsular.
Well the Insubres for example, who aided Hannibal in his invasion, were celtic. At the time they lived in northern Italy on the south side of the Alps. So we know for a fact that there were celtic tribes in what is now called Italy. Of course that place wasn't thought to be Italy or Roman territory at that time, not until Rome won against Hannibal and conquered the Insubres that is. The Insubres people eventually all became full citizens of Rome, so by then you would assume there to be a lot of celtic influences parted to the majority culture of Rome. There definitely are celtic influences in Roman things before that, but it could come from trade and copying enemy war materiel.
@@myfaceismyshield5963 Maybe the earlier European Celts copied a lot from Greco-Etruscan Italians too, with armoured vests, "Celtic" helmets, and scutum shields having a mixed Italian origin in their basic forms.
Man, i remember your old videos and your drawing skills really improved since then, kudos.
Recently discovered your channel and I have to say I absolutely love the explanations and clarifications of the armor choices and eras. I learned quite a bit from this and with the amount of content you have available I can see I'll have no shortage to look through!
Great video! Probably took a lot of time and research. And love that Civ soundtrack! Keep it going)
Thank you!
Gotta admire the man's love and dedication to Rome, to serve for so many years and adapt to all the types of gear despite being able to retire after just 20.
Rowdy Howdy, foojer! -
found your video by happenstance while researching the evolution of ERE miltary /themata, etc...
yes, for a game LOL.
dig the style
The "for the city" was a nice touch
I love it how you describe Triarius as "old farts" lmao.
On the Varangian Bra, it was probably used to help take the weight off the shoulders. With mail shirt, it isn’t super necessary, but it would be an improvement, so I could absolutely see them doing it for that reason
This theory is the most often mentioned but reenactors doubt this being really the case as from their experience it do little to work like that.
This channel deserves more subscribers!
I have to say the Commentary is nice
And the historical tidbits make it better.
Yeah it’s a better format. Slightly more work but worth it
Support more videos like this www.patreon.com/foojer
Made with iOS IbisPaint. Soundtrack used is the Industrial Rome, Medieval Sumeria, Industrial Scythia, Industrial Greece, and Atomic Scythia themes from the Civilization 6 OST, I don't own the rights to the tracks.
The whole grand sweep of Roman and Byzantine heavy infantry evolution from the 9th century BC to the 15th century AD. I've kept to calling them Byzantines mostly out of convention (yes they are Romans) but also to recognise them as their own distinctive culture.
6:29 is labelled incorrectly, should be a Deurne helmet
foojer ik
Ok
Started with ''For the City!' and ended with 'For the City!'. Nice
One thing I would like to see is the Maurian troops. Supposedly parts of North Africa remained "culturally Roman" up until the invasion of the Islamic caliphate.
North Africa was still part of the Roman Empire when it was conquered by the Caliphate around the year 700.
What an amazing video ! You deserved more views man.
Awesome work as usual! I’ve been rewatching a lot of your videos and it’s really cool to see how you’ve improved your already impressive skills.
Good drawings, good comments, as well as the Roman army, your videos evolved for the good.
Amazing job
I love the hell out of these videos and your drawing style
3:90 i like how you describe the falx and dacians
This is amazing work. Informative and nicely understated.
Btw at 1:56, mostly the Princeps and Hastatus only needed one greave because only one was necessary in formation. One leg would be in front (mostly the left), that leg would have the greave while the other leg (mostly the right) would not have a greave since it was in the back and there was a very rare chance that the enemy could attack a striking blow against the very far back leg. But yes sometimes it was expensive.
Edit: Here is some valuable knowledge regarding greave usage, I put the exact time the guy talked about greaves. It's also a whole video, I recommend watching. Link:th-cam.com/video/APuh6rokd_w/w-d-xo.html
I love your creations, thanks for sharing!
The evolution of Roman armour is fascinating, it’s always interesting to see what stays similar aswell.
What’s interesting is that one type of armour is a main stay. Chain mail.
Or in Latin:
Lorica hamata.
Well, besides from at the beginning, chainmail didn’t exist yet, but later on, it was a constant.
Lorica hamata, worn from the Roman republic, right up to the fall of Constantinople.
Scale was first, very protective, and *stupid* heavy and constricting. Also could be quite expensive. Chainmail took more time to make, but it was definitely easier to move around in, and eventually cheaper to mass produce with Roman industry. Heck, it was even used as the backing for some kinds of scale mail!
It always amazes me how greeks were romans for several centuries.
In the later Empire start using the spatha but they still use the Gladius
I really like this narration, keep it up dude!
Fantastic work !
Awesome video.
Nice job dude, greetings from Spain!!
The Trebizon empire did think of themselves as the Roman since the last ruling dynasty of Trebizon was the Komnenoi, who ruled the Eastern Rome in the 11th century to 13th century.
Greetings from imperial city of Sirmium, where golden Berkasovo helmets was found.
Great video! Loved the drawings of each phase...also LOL on "...my inner 6 year old" comment
I adore the way lamellar looks.
I always wanted to see a video like this, nice job!
hastati, princeps, triarius...ah my Rome Total War knowledge has paid off!
Oh man. Love your art style. I too draw all the artwork in my channel. Salute. I know how difficult it is.
There are many ways in wich I could explain why this video is so fucking amazing...but so fucking amazing it's the only thing that comes to mind :)
This is brilliant stuff. Great job! Keep it up!
This is top tier video in TH-cam
Hail Basil
Edit: amazing art as always😃
Seeing all these soldiers and all these eras put together, I can't help but think of how many things could've gone wrong, and how changing small details would've altered history in a gigantic way. What if the Samnites won? What if Hannibal pushed towards Rome and took it? Or even much earlier, what if Rome was crushed during the Latin Wars? Or on the contrary, what if the Byzantines managed to restore the former Roman territory?
I like the art style.
3:24 The manica seems really useful, and after discovering it I often found myself wondering why ancient and medieval infantry didn't often wear more armor on the right (weapon) arm than the left (shield) arm, given that while the shield protects the left arm, with a symmetrical set of armor (unless we're talking heavy cavalry armor) there was often NOTHING protecting the left (sword/spear) arm, which of course made ancient and medieval infantry vulnerable when attacking from behind their shields.
Love the art work 🎉
This was such i good video, i really learned alot. Thank you!
The sad bit is that once the Romans stopped using the successful prior techniquies of the Principate they were never going to return as they were rarely useful for the foes they faced. Skirmish infantry and Cavelry were fast moving and required an effective counter with the heavy cavalry being faster than the legionary infantry I think it was intentional that large legionary type units never returned.
By 1453 the once mighty Roman Army was reduced to a small professional force of 7,000 men.
Yet despite the inevitable end of the Roman state, they still managed to defend Constantinople for almost 2 months against 80,000 Ottomans.
7:28 most common attila total war roman infantry
As always, great video.
It was soo interesting! Very good job! Thank u very much! Subscribed!