The reason you wouldn't use 1/2 x is because the number of moles of CaY2- that dissociates will be equal to the number of moles of free Ca2+ or EDTA, not half of the moles. When the CaY2- complex dissociates, it produces one Ca2+ and one EDTA, so the values of x should be equal.
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(at 4:10 minutes) why is the equilibrium defined as x+x=0.10-x? Instead of 1/2 x + 1/2 x = 0.1-x?
The reason you wouldn't use 1/2 x is because the number of moles of CaY2- that dissociates will be equal to the number of moles of free Ca2+ or EDTA, not half of the moles. When the CaY2- complex dissociates, it produces one Ca2+ and one EDTA, so the values of x should be equal.