🎄🎅 Many of you requested all parts of the Battle of Dara mini series be merged into one video. I thought it fitting to release it on New Year's weekend. I'd like to thank all of you for your support! I feel blessed to have such a wonderful community here that has enabled me to do this full time. Huge thanks and much love to you all! I wish you a very Happy 2023! 🎄🎅
I was reading a book on the history of Switzerland and they have some great war stories. I remember one where they had an army coming of 5-10k, and all they had were 800; so they flooded the forest floor knowing it would freeze over, and drove nails through their shoes - so they would have grip while the other ones didn't. After hacking up 500 of them, the other army went home. lol
Fun fact from the Audio Book on Belisarius, Andres after this battle and after becoming a hero retired to a peaceful life knowing he could never top that moment again.
He only killed two men bud there were so many way more badass soldiers in antiquity etc hell this channel has counts of them look at the last battle between the Irish and norse the one Irish noble ran headfirst into enemy lines while his countrymen were being absolutely slaughtered and killed a hundred men by himself before anyone showed up to help now that an absolute unit of a man you're a fucking joke.
Effective economic policy even today, yet common sense that still goes unheaded in favour of policies that engorge the wealth of industry leaders and their government puppets.
Sure, what an era! It's business as usual, one nation hacking and butchering another nation for gold and real estate. The human races entire history is about war and bloodletting for gain and power. It's no different today. We are still in the same era. Same S#&T, different century. When I was young I was in awe of these barbarians and their bloodlust, now I loathe all of it. No one wants peace. Rulers did not want it in antiquity, and they do not want it today. "Give Peace a Chance", what a joke!! Just 1 example of mans sick and perverted behavior, the Punic Wars from 264 BC-146 BC yielded a body count of 1.6 to 1.9 million dead. WHAT AN ERA...WOW!
The first half of the video feels like one of the most detailed maps you've made, with seemingly 60+ cities notated across each of the two massive empires, even some of the obscure Ostrogothic and Hephtalite cities are denoted. It gives so much additional scale to their exceptional size and power for the organized imperial states of the time. (It gives off Cold War vibes as two superpowers clash and meddle in strategic neighbor's affairs.) Would love to see this level of mapping detail consistently appear in future episodes!
It really was a cold war like era with endless proxy wars, meddling in the affairs of lesser kingdoms and tribes to recruit them to each superpower's causes for example the Byzantines negotiated with the Turks (imagine that!), more accurately the kok turuks and the white huns encouraging them to raid Persian borders while the Persians negotiated with the Avars, the Lombards and the Ostrogoths encouraging them to invade Byzantine lands. In Arabia the Byzantines propped up the Ghassanids while the Persians propped up the Lakhmids. In the horn of Africa, the Byzantines supported the Axumites (ancient Ethiopia) and the Sassanids propped up the Himyarites in order to secure the Arabian trade routes. In the causasus, the Byzantines propped up the ancient Christianised kingdom of Lazica (predecessors of Georgia) and both superpowers divided up Armenia into two with the Eastern Romans controlling Western Armenia and Persia controlling the East. The Byzantine propped up the Arsacid Persian family- aka the Parthians- and sat them as rulers of Western Armenia in hopes of an opportunity to seat them as the rulers of Persia one day. The Byzantines also frequently meddled in Persian internal politics, supporting and financing rebellions and rival noble families. In the Black Sea, the both rival superpowers contested for the Black Sea trade with the Byzantine hold over Crimea and their naval superiority in the region contested by Persian sponsored Piracy. Even the wars fought between the two superpowers were indecisive as they were both pretty much equal in power and lacked the resources to completely destroy the other although Persia got close in the final war due to unprecedented Byzantine weakness.
Belissarius, a name that your ancestors knew very well, you do as well... He always meant business, and made a point of ruthlessly schooling the hapless "generals" of the West and the Orient alike... Can't blame you, the inferiority complexes he created are unlikely to ever be surpassed...
@علي ياسر Justinian was an Emperor who only cared about his personal glory, building monuments, passing laws, and spending time with Theodora.He never provided Belissarius with a formidable army, one that would give him the edge over the Persians, same as against the Vandals and Goths in the West.He could only muster half of the opposing army each time more or less...Had Belissarius been born during the time of Basil the II's reign, he would have conquered Japan, you have my word.
Belisarius is an absolute legend and one of the most underappreciated military geniuses of all time. Without Belisarius and Theodora, Justinian the Great would've just been Justinian.
I absolutely agree. He managed to achieve so much with so little resources most of the time. He beated Vandals later on with much smaller army. He managed to withstand siege of Rome for 1 year with much smaller army etc. Finaly at the end of his life he saved Constantinopol from barbarian attack. Was offered to be become a king of Italy and refused but still did not have full trust of Justinian. Admirable person, admirable life. Not greedy for fame like Alexander, not greedy for money and influence like Caesar. just a humble person doing his job for is ruler the best way he could.
Makes you wonder if the byzantines would have routed during the initial attack if it wasn’t for that guy winning 2 single combat duels, increasing morale
If I am a teacher, I would teach history class like this. The narrative is so poetic and inspires romanticism. I cant imagine inspiring the younger generations to be brave, bold, and gallant
Every teacher wants to be like this. For most of them, the amount of things they have to cover in one semester overwhelms the little bit of time they are allowed to do it. For the rest, they just don' t have the talentxresources to do it in time. See how long this channel takes to make just one video.
Depends on the age of students you get. Visuals like this require a lot of effort which we don't get the time to put in as teachers. Lessons with lots of words also lose the attention of a majority of students who come into history who already expect it to be boring. It's shorter words, shorter lessons, and more interaction that gets the kids excited about history. I've spent two years preparing escape room lessons for my chapters. After two years I've only been able to finish half of the curriculum of escape rooms because we are overburdened with administrative work that, really, has little impact on the students. We're expected to keep up with it nonetheless. Teachers want to teach, but we're restrained by politics, overwhelming (useless) expectations from the schoolboards and parents, and lack of funding.
@@LucJenson I admire and honor teachers. You guys don't get the recognition and support that you deserve. A nation's next generation should be treated like its most precious resource, not a commodity.
Justinian and Belisarius' relationship be like: Justinian: "Hello, Belisarius. You're not going to join my Legions" Belisarius: "I want to join your Legions" Justinian: "YOU ARE IN"
Goths/Vandals in Italy: We want you, Belisarius, to be the Roman Emperor of Western Europe Belisarius: Let me think about it....Nope, I am loyal to my emperor Justinian: Your loyalty, general, will not be forgotten Later...... Theodora: Husband, I think Belisarius might be turning against you Justinian: You might be right. In the end, it's very sad that Belisarius wasn't fully trusted by Justinian much later on, as he was the one man who indeed should be referred to be called "The Great." He gave the Romans new life to reconquer the known Roman world.
Yours and Kings & Generals channel has given me the equivalent of a full undergrad degree in History and more. Being able to see the interactive map as borders change and armies move is truly the best way to absorb the huge corpus of Western civilization. Keep it up, I've become an amateur history buff thanks to your quality efforts!
Definitely one of your best, thank you for putting the two together…. You know I just realized that every time I comment I say “this is one of your best “ I think in the end I love what you do …. And yes I agree with EVERYONE and want to see Hannibal through the end.
@@HistoryMarche really? You and every other publisher here has created plenty of videos praising him. You shouldn’t have this bias if you are in fact trying to present history (which I doubt, anyway)
I feel like history doesn't give Belisarius enough credit! This man's life was incredible. Thank you for introducing me to him. I've read a lot of history and never came across this man. Any books ppl suggest on him would be appreciated.
Robert Graves wrote a very good book called Count Belisarius. Seemed reasonably accurate too, to me but I am not Byzantine history expert. Justinian's treatment of Belisarius is dreadful, reportedly caused by his envy and prompted by his wife Theodora.
Belisarius is probably one of my favorite generals in history. He single handedly almost reunited all of the Roman empire. Usually winning in situations where he very much was outnumbered and outgunned on multiple occasions. If the Byzantine empire had given him the manpower he asked for I'm sure he would've reconquered all of Rome and restored the empire.
It's not like the Empire could have given him more men if it wanted to. The Empire was devastated by the Bubonic plague- a quarter of the population was dead- there were mass famines and droughts due to the unusual weather of the late 530s (possible due to a super volcanic eruption in Indonesia). The Empire also had to deal with Persian invasions in the East and Slavic, Avar and Hunnic invasions in the Balkans. They were overextended by every sense of the word. The Empire may look bigger on a map but it was a lot weaker than the Empire as it was on the eve of Justinian's ascension to the throne.
@@zippyparakeet1074 The empire was more overextended than ever and after years of war and a deadly plague, Justinian had no problems giving Narses 30,000 troops to subdue what was left of the Gothic forces confined in the north of Italy.
I really like this channel and have seen all the videos. Can we please get the rest of the Hanibal series? Also, please give us some of the battles that Persians have won. It feels like we always see them lose in battle. Throughout history everyone takes credit for defeating the Persians but there is always a Persian Empire. They wouldn’t be there if they has lost every battle they fought.
@@artinrahideh1229 Indeed, although they lost the last and largest conflict between them and Byzantium in first thirty years of the 600 ads, which left them weakened and vulnerable to being overrun and conquered by the arabs.
@@artinrahideh1229 They lost the war because Byzantium got a soldier emperor in shape of Heraclius, whom took the war to them and waged total war on them until they were defeated. There was a revolt at home, but that only took place once the Persians were defeated in home territory by Heraclius, which led to them suing for peace after they overthrown defeated monarch and new ruler was defeated too.
@@wedgeantillies66 Exactly, and the Great Qur’an immortalized this incident, and God mentioned the Romans in His Holy Book, announcing to the believers their victory over the Magi Persians within a few years of their initial defeat.
It's pretty crazy to think that the Romans and the Iranians were constantly at war with each other for almost 700 years, being a conflict that completely outlived the Republic and even the Empire in the West. I wonder if, at some point, they stopped thinking about what they were fighting for...
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب yes and no, most of the conflicts were back and forth border raids with the once in a while sacking of Antioch or Ctesiphon, usually ending in indecisive stalemates
An interesting thing written on Wikipedia which does sum up parts of the wars is "The Roman-Persian Wars have been characterized as "futile" and too "depressing and tedious to contemplate"" Even if the wars were religious and a good amount of dislike existed between those nations I think deep down they respected each other more than hated.
Informative, interesting introduction video about that period of political and military attacking between Byzantine Empire & Persian Empire..allot thanks. Good luck and best wishes at (2023 )for one's of my favorite ( history Marche)channel
Great content like always! It seems that Firouz was a good commander but shows that even good commanders do lose sometimes. Wonder if using parts of the reserves and his own cavalry would effect the outcome of the battle. I wonder if you are planning to do videos on Khosrow Anushiravan or something related. Also excited about the Hannibal campaign next year. Happy new year!
Firouz was a good commander, but Belisarius was not a good commander, he was "THE GOOD COMMANDER" and after reading the history of wars, if Belisarius had had the same troops as Firouz, he would have mopped the floor with the entire Sassanid empire.
WOW... This is your best video yet, the drama chills and thrills, and the narrative, music audio, and graphic production are simply marvelous... I felt like I was right there in the middle of the battlefield... fighting for my life... in a state of panic, trying desperately to hold the line!!! All I can say is... WOW!!! Well-done sir, well-done indeed... You have outdone yourself, and have gone beyond your calling and duty as the best of the best.. of the creators of the historic military narrators, and thrilling military drama documentary videos. Thank you, for your long hours of hard work, for sharing your love, and for your gifts for making these wonderful videos for us... We sir, who love your epic historic military video dramas... We gratefully, and gladly bent our knees, and salute you... And the hell with rest, without question sir... "YOU ARE THE BEST OF THE BEST"!!!
I wish my all lame-ass history classes at my university were as thrilling and interesting as your TH-cam history video docu-dramas... Because I would really end up learning something worthwhile, and of great value.
His most trusted soldiers were the Kuthrigur and Onogur horse archers, who formed his backbone to defeat the superior Persian cavalry on light horses(Battle of Dara) and were one of the most important factors in his conquest of Italy. At the same time, Belisarius followed the tactic of the Hun ruler Khushnavas, who defeated the Sassanids in 484 and killed the Sassanid Emperor Peroz I.
" the elite mounted Immortals with their horses and men clad in armour were grinding down everything in front of them " - this line sends shivers down my spine everytime i hear
HistoryMarche, there are more two parts battles to combine on video to make such as: Battle of Talas, 752 AD Battle of the three kings, 1578 AD Battle of Yarmouk, 636 AD First Battle of Tarain, 1191 AD ⚔ The First Islamic Conquest of India and Second Battle of Tarain, 1192 AD ⚔ Muhammad of Ghor Returns. Battle of Targoviste, 1462 AD Battle of Cynoscephalae, 197 BC Battle of Poitiers, 1356 AD I hope you can voice and narrate the battles of Poitiers and Targoviste that would be awesome to see your next video.
@@scourgeofgodattila579 Targoviste was a defeat of the turks? and three kings was literally a battle of morroccans vs iberians without much turkish influence?
Those who don’t know history are doomed to repeat it. Having access to information like this. We never know if we will be pulled into a war and never know when something like this might be useful.
Hey I love your channel but I never seen a video mentioning french victories, always defeats.. I don’t know if it’s intentional but I would gladly see a video like this haha. Cheers
I will cover all battles of the HYW in no particular order and add them to the playlist. I also plan to re-do Poitiers since the information in my video is now outdated. Patay and Castillon are in production, and so is Siege of Rouen. Eventually we will have a playlist of videos that cover the entirety of the HYW timeline.
How confusing would that be? A Spaniard having a convo over yonder in Iberia. "So, laddy, where abouts do you be from?" "I am from the Iberian Peninsula." "Aye, Liam, we got ourselves a peninsula now! Why are we speaking with an Irish accent?"
Great video. A couple of suggestions. Show real images of the battle field to see how it looks now. Also, it would be nice if you had a cutaway segment showing where current borders are to see who fought who.
Great video. BTW in the seventh century, Muslims in Medina dug up trenches to face the oncoming attack from other tribes. This was done upon the advice of Salman alfarisi (Salman the Persian) who told the Prophet about Persian ways in warfare.
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب heraclius was emperor, not a general. And yes, he lost battle to the Persians too. The only person to never lose was Alexander the Great.
Hey Buddy can you start making a series on How Marathas defeated mughals in India. There were many battles which happened and a lot of guerilla tacticts which were used by Marathas to defeat mughals. This IMO is Indian Game of Thrones and would take 1 whole series where you can cover different battles such as Battle of Pratapgard, Battle of Pawankind etc. I think you can attract a lot of Indian Audiences from this. Thanks!
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب They were weakened because the Mughals tried expanding in all directions all at once..and hence faced huge logistical problems and gained very little in the end. They were unable to focus upon rival at a time and were ultimately defeated on all sides decisively, they did not lose an inch of land in these wars but spent a lot in both money and men, and gained nothing.
@@siddharthsingh3996 No, they were weakened because of the civil wars, Britain and the gang war, and not because of those gangs who, when the English had no back, became slaves.
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب The British came atleast a 60-70 years after the decline of the Mughal empire..they were already being bullied by a lot of different powers, the Marathas, The Rajputs, Sikhs and to crown it all, Nader Shah came and sacked Delhi too..Afghans were frequently attacking as well.
@@siddharthsingh3996 No, they were in a civil war, and these Sikhs and the Marathas were defeated, and the kingdom of the Mughals remained, but Islamic kingdoms appeared in India, and they defeated the Marathas, but they were in a civil war
The brilliance of Belisarius's trench system goes beyond simply adding a protective barrier. Due to the obvious danger of engaging the center that the trench design created, he forced the Persians to focus the attack on the wings with cavalry, the arm in which the Byzantines were least outnumbered and they were the best and most reliable troops in his army, maximizing his chances for victory.
The hand to hand combat between the two persians and andreas, reminded me of the biblical event known as David versus Goliath. I hope everyone had a good Christmas,Viva Cristo Rey!☦
Its a pity how most historical records containing information about Belisarius came from people who loathed him. All the nonsense about his personal life, discrediting his achievements and etc. This great man was a victim of classical age cancel culture..
His most trusted soldiers were the Kuthrigur and Onogur horse archers, who formed his backbone to defeat the superior Persian cavalry on light horses(Battle of Dara) and were one of the most important factors in his conquest of Italy. At the same time, Belisarius followed the tactic of the Hun ruler Khushnavas, who defeated the Sassanids in 484 and killed the Sassanid Emperor Peroz I.
The Battle of Dara in 530 CE was a significant clash between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanid Persian Empire, showcasing the strategic brilliance of Byzantine general Belisarius. Despite being outnumbered, Belisarius used clever trench fortifications to outmaneuver the Persians and secure a surprising victory. This battle is often highlighted in world history documentaries as a classic example of tactical ingenuity in ancient warfare.
How were the Sassanids able spare twice as many troops for an offensive battle as the Byzantines were for a defensive battle when both empires had a similar total army size?
Isn't it interesting that Persians NEVER win in one to one combats? both in Persian vs Arab videos & Persian vs Romans there isn't even ONE account of them winning one vs one combats. , over 800 years of Perso Roman wars, you can't show me even ONE instant of them winning. I think that's because both of those sources been written by Arab & Roman writers. those one on one wins of Romans & Arabs are hugely debatable. (from a historical critique point of view) Meanwhile Romans keep paying them even after they win. I think those Iranians actually won a lot of one vs ones and a lot more battles that we don't know about because sources are either western or arab.
The persians won several battles against the romans. in fact, they were the deadliest enemy rome ever faced (except Hannibal). Shapur I. destroyed a large roman army with the emperor himself in the third century and was only driven back by the formidable army of Palmyra later.
I liked the video though I'd hardly call this 'trench warfare' as trenches and field fortifications were something that was being used both before and after this battle and I'd say Trench Warfare was/is more commonly associated with WW1. Besides I always wondered: Why didnt the Persian Commander not order his infantry forward to fill up one of the trenches with dirt? He DID have the numerical advantage and supposedly the ranged advantage or did I miss anything? Aside that he was not under pressure of either supply or time constraints or am I wrong?
The trenches were right in front of the Byzantine army. Point blank range for their archers. Maybe if the Persians asked real nice they wouldn't get slaughtered.
My boy must’ve felt like a God after winning those duels in front of all those spectators… glorious. No one could deny his skill in combat that day or any day after…
I'd just like to correct something - the Sassanians absolutely did not lack advanced siege capabilities, in fact they were at the forefront of innovation when it came to sieges. Maurice himself mentions their competence in his Strategikon, and we know through archaeology that they made heavy use of sappers in sieges and were even the first to use chemical weapons.
I just wanna give a shout out to Andreas who randomly decided to do a single combat with two Persians and thus now made history and is remembered hundreds of years after lol
Persia wins a ton of wars and battle: there is no source. Rome wins a one battle against persia: a millions of videos on TH-cam talking about how superior rome is. This channel needs to support both sides I don't see why there is so much propaganda against iranians history.
![ลองสุ่มไอโฟน 990 โกงมั้ย? [ โกงมั้ยครับ ep.101 ] | DOM](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/bfsWe0j492k/mqdefault.jpg)
🎄🎅 Many of you requested all parts of the Battle of Dara mini series be merged into one video. I thought it fitting to release it on New Year's weekend. I'd like to thank all of you for your support! I feel blessed to have such a wonderful community here that has enabled me to do this full time. Huge thanks and much love to you all! I wish you a very Happy 2023! 🎄🎅
THANK YOUUUU SO MUCH FOR THIS, WANTED THISS
HAPPY NEW YEARR!!! HISTORY MARCHE🎆🎆!!
Can i be your translator in Indonesian language?
I was reading a book on the history of Switzerland and they have some great war stories.
I remember one where they had an army coming of 5-10k, and all they had were 800; so they flooded the forest floor knowing it would freeze over, and drove nails through their shoes - so they would have grip while the other ones didn't.
After hacking up 500 of them, the other army went home. lol
please make the same style and form document ( little more detailed) concerning battle of ULM made by Napoleon please!
Just imagine, 1500 years later, people are still talking about those two victorious fights you had.
True immortality.
I am also named Andreas and I legit cheered for him on his second duel. Funny moment
I was just thinking that!!
I mean Belisarius almost reclaimed all the core territories of the original Roman empire while almost never having more troops at any of the battles.
People still talk about the time I won a fist fight with Tyson! All the people in my head.
Fun fact from the Audio Book on Belisarius, Andres after this battle and after becoming a hero retired to a peaceful life knowing he could never top that moment again.
You have no idea how much that makes me happy
He was wise not to push his luck.
Andreus was like "gg, guys. I'm out."
@@LuizAlexPhoenix Lol, pretty much.
Always retire when you're on top.
Hope no one skipped how much of a UNIT Andreus was
Ikr
I was sad when the second guy came out thinking oh this is how he dies.... What a king!
Andreas*
This warrior deserves his own movie!
He only killed two men bud there were so many way more badass soldiers in antiquity etc hell this channel has counts of them look at the last battle between the Irish and norse the one Irish noble ran headfirst into enemy lines while his countrymen were being absolutely slaughtered and killed a hundred men by himself before anyone showed up to help now that an absolute unit of a man you're a fucking joke.
Wow I’m truly impressed with Emperor Anastasios, his reforms revitalized the empire. Also impressed with Kavad The King of Kings. What an era.
Effective economic policy even today, yet common sense that still goes unheaded in favour of policies that engorge the wealth of industry leaders and their government puppets.
Yeah too often people look back at the past with disgust instead of wanting to learn the intricacies of its societies.
Sure, what an era! It's business as usual, one nation hacking and butchering another nation for gold and real estate. The human races entire history is about war and bloodletting for gain and power. It's no different today. We are still in the same era. Same S#&T, different century. When I was young I was in awe of these barbarians and their bloodlust, now I loathe all of it. No one wants peace. Rulers did not want it in antiquity, and they do not want it today. "Give Peace a Chance", what a joke!! Just 1 example of mans sick and perverted behavior, the Punic Wars from 264 BC-146 BC yielded a body count of 1.6 to 1.9 million dead. WHAT AN ERA...WOW!
I'd love to see a series on Belisaurius, just like the one on Hannibal.
epic history tv has a great series
Except they haven't even finished the Hannibal series
@@thehoboshack5253they have
@@casper191985 they didn't 💀
@@gwynedd4023 and what a series that is!!!
The first half of the video feels like one of the most detailed maps you've made, with seemingly 60+ cities notated across each of the two massive empires, even some of the obscure Ostrogothic and Hephtalite cities are denoted.
It gives so much additional scale to their exceptional size and power for the organized imperial states of the time. (It gives off Cold War vibes as two superpowers clash and meddle in strategic neighbor's affairs.)
Would love to see this level of mapping detail consistently appear in future episodes!
It really was a cold war like era with endless proxy wars, meddling in the affairs of lesser kingdoms and tribes to recruit them to each superpower's causes for example the Byzantines negotiated with the Turks (imagine that!), more accurately the kok turuks and the white huns encouraging them to raid Persian borders while the Persians negotiated with the Avars, the Lombards and the Ostrogoths encouraging them to invade Byzantine lands. In Arabia the Byzantines propped up the Ghassanids while the Persians propped up the Lakhmids. In the horn of Africa, the Byzantines supported the Axumites (ancient Ethiopia) and the Sassanids propped up the Himyarites in order to secure the Arabian trade routes. In the causasus, the Byzantines propped up the ancient Christianised kingdom of Lazica (predecessors of Georgia) and both superpowers divided up Armenia into two with the Eastern Romans controlling Western Armenia and Persia controlling the East. The Byzantine propped up the Arsacid Persian family- aka the Parthians- and sat them as rulers of Western Armenia in hopes of an opportunity to seat them as the rulers of Persia one day. The Byzantines also frequently meddled in Persian internal politics, supporting and financing rebellions and rival noble families. In the Black Sea, the both rival superpowers contested for the Black Sea trade with the Byzantine hold over Crimea and their naval superiority in the region contested by Persian sponsored Piracy.
Even the wars fought between the two superpowers were indecisive as they were both pretty much equal in power and lacked the resources to completely destroy the other although Persia got close in the final war due to unprecedented Byzantine weakness.
Imagine that: Belisarius wins the battle where he DOESN'T let his men bully him into attacking.
But he lost, and this made the emperor, this leader, resign
Belissarius, a name that your ancestors knew very well, you do as well... He always meant business, and made a point of ruthlessly schooling the hapless "generals" of the West and the Orient alike... Can't blame you, the inferiority complexes he created are unlikely to ever be surpassed...
@@anastasiosliagkris576 No, he failed in his war against the Persians and lost, so he made the Emperor Justinian pay a huge tribute to the Persians
@علي ياسر Justinian was an Emperor who only cared about his personal glory, building monuments, passing laws, and spending time with Theodora.He never provided Belissarius with a formidable army, one that would give him the edge over the Persians, same as against the Vandals and Goths in the West.He could only muster half of the opposing army each time more or less...Had Belissarius been born during the time of Basil the II's reign, he would have conquered Japan, you have my word.
@brainflash1 don't post spoilers without warning bro
Belisarius is an absolute legend and one of the most underappreciated military geniuses of all time. Without Belisarius and Theodora, Justinian the Great would've just been Justinian.
Both Belisarius and Theodora were scumbags
I absolutely agree. He managed to achieve so much with so little resources most of the time. He beated Vandals later on with much smaller army. He managed to withstand siege of Rome for 1 year with much smaller army etc. Finaly at the end of his life he saved Constantinopol from barbarian attack. Was offered to be become a king of Italy and refused but still did not have full trust of Justinian. Admirable person, admirable life. Not greedy for fame like Alexander, not greedy for money and influence like Caesar. just a humble person doing his job for is ruler the best way he could.
Geniuses but ruthless only others that can challenge his cruelty is timur.
@@sartajparveen2001 Timur, Pol Pot, Stalin, Mao? I agree, he wasnt very merciful. But his impact on the history of the Byzantine Empire is tremendous.
@@sartajparveen2001 ok, so, that's just how it was back in the day
Makes you wonder if the byzantines would have routed during the initial attack if it wasn’t for that guy winning 2 single combat duels, increasing morale
Persians made the same mistake in first battle against the Arabs, literally generals dueled and Persian general got wiped
@@sanjnamous why were the Arabs so good at that? At Yarmouk, for example
If I am a teacher, I would teach history class like this. The narrative is so poetic and inspires romanticism. I cant imagine inspiring the younger generations to be brave, bold, and gallant
Every teacher wants to be like this. For most of them, the amount of things they have to cover in one semester overwhelms the little bit of time they are allowed to do it. For the rest, they just don' t have the talentxresources to do it in time. See how long this channel takes to make just one video.
They are also entirely controlled by bubble wrapped morons governing further up the line.
Depends on the age of students you get. Visuals like this require a lot of effort which we don't get the time to put in as teachers. Lessons with lots of words also lose the attention of a majority of students who come into history who already expect it to be boring. It's shorter words, shorter lessons, and more interaction that gets the kids excited about history. I've spent two years preparing escape room lessons for my chapters. After two years I've only been able to finish half of the curriculum of escape rooms because we are overburdened with administrative work that, really, has little impact on the students. We're expected to keep up with it nonetheless. Teachers want to teach, but we're restrained by politics, overwhelming (useless) expectations from the schoolboards and parents, and lack of funding.
@@LucJenson I admire and honor teachers. You guys don't get the recognition and support that you deserve. A nation's next generation should be treated like its most precious resource, not a commodity.
Seek help.
Justinian and Belisarius' relationship be like:
Justinian: "Hello, Belisarius. You're not going to join my Legions"
Belisarius: "I want to join your Legions"
Justinian: "YOU ARE IN"
I think because this general lost his battles against the Persians
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب you mad or something, you keep replying on it 😭
Goths/Vandals in Italy: We want you, Belisarius, to be the Roman Emperor of Western Europe
Belisarius: Let me think about it....Nope, I am loyal to my emperor
Justinian: Your loyalty, general, will not be forgotten
Later......
Theodora: Husband, I think Belisarius might be turning against you
Justinian: You might be right.
In the end, it's very sad that Belisarius wasn't fully trusted by Justinian much later on, as he was the one man who indeed should be referred to be called "The Great." He gave the Romans new life to reconquer the known Roman world.
@@liamevers115 Justinian after this battle expelled this general
@@SolidAvenger1290 Yes, great, he was paying a huge tribute to the Persians
Andreas, the true mvp of this battle.
He lost this battle and paid tribute to the Persians
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب lmao. You're so butthurt it's cute. Get back to your desert and your ancient oils and bajji boys.
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب How did Andreas lose this battle or pay tribute if he wasn't a general?
@@florianhenkel111 The Emperor Justinian banished this leader after this battle because he lost him, and Justinian pushed Al-Hazia to the Persians.
Yours and Kings & Generals channel has given me the equivalent of a full undergrad degree in History and more. Being able to see the interactive map as borders change and armies move is truly the best way to absorb the huge corpus of Western civilization. Keep it up, I've become an amateur history buff thanks to your quality efforts!
Make sure to check K&G's Pacific War series, if you haven't already. They hit it out of the ball park with that one. The in-depth detail is amazing.
Definitely one of your best, thank you for putting the two together…. You know I just realized that every time I comment I say “this is one of your best “ I think in the end I love what you do …. And yes I agree with EVERYONE and want to see Hannibal through the end.
Ingenious use of the land ! Belisarius was a beast!
Not given credit enough.
@@HistoryMarche really? You and every other publisher here has created plenty of videos praising him. You shouldn’t have this bias if you are in fact trying to present history (which I doubt, anyway)
@@MehrdadMoghaddam It's rare to see someone with a mind of their own on this site, thank you.
I feel like history doesn't give Belisarius enough credit! This man's life was incredible. Thank you for introducing me to him. I've read a lot of history and never came across this man. Any books ppl suggest on him would be appreciated.
Robert Graves wrote a very good book called Count Belisarius. Seemed reasonably accurate too, to me but I am not Byzantine history expert. Justinian's treatment of Belisarius is dreadful, reportedly caused by his envy and prompted by his wife Theodora.
Sorry yeussean , didn't see your reply.
Watch Epic History, they did a great series on Belisarius (here on TH-cam)
Belisarius is probably one of my favorite generals in history. He single handedly almost reunited all of the Roman empire. Usually winning in situations where he very much was outnumbered and outgunned on multiple occasions. If the Byzantine empire had given him the manpower he asked for I'm sure he would've reconquered all of Rome and restored the empire.
It's not like the Empire could have given him more men if it wanted to. The Empire was devastated by the Bubonic plague- a quarter of the population was dead- there were mass famines and droughts due to the unusual weather of the late 530s (possible due to a super volcanic eruption in Indonesia). The Empire also had to deal with Persian invasions in the East and Slavic, Avar and Hunnic invasions in the Balkans. They were overextended by every sense of the word. The Empire may look bigger on a map but it was a lot weaker than the Empire as it was on the eve of Justinian's ascension to the throne.
@@zippyparakeet1074 The empire was more overextended than ever and after years of war and a deadly plague, Justinian had no problems giving Narses 30,000 troops to subdue what was left of the Gothic forces confined in the north of Italy.
I really like this channel and have seen all the videos.
Can we please get the rest of the Hanibal series? Also, please give us some of the battles that Persians have won. It feels like we always see them lose in battle. Throughout history everyone takes credit for defeating the Persians but there is always a Persian Empire. They wouldn’t be there if they has lost every battle they fought.
I 100% agree
Hannibal is worth a complete series.
Also Persians won a great deal of awesome victories. Specially against the Byzantines
@@artinrahideh1229 Indeed, although they lost the last and largest conflict between them and Byzantium in first thirty years of the 600 ads, which left them weakened and vulnerable to being overrun and conquered by the arabs.
@@wedgeantillies66 can't recall but I think they lost due to problems in court. They actually captured Egypt and besieged the Constantinople
@@artinrahideh1229 They lost the war because Byzantium got a soldier emperor in shape of Heraclius, whom took the war to them and waged total war on them until they were defeated. There was a revolt at home, but that only took place once the Persians were defeated in home territory by Heraclius, which led to them suing for peace after they overthrown defeated monarch and new ruler was defeated too.
@@wedgeantillies66 Exactly, and the Great Qur’an immortalized this incident, and God mentioned the Romans in His Holy Book, announcing to the believers their victory over the Magi Persians within a few years of their initial defeat.
out of all your videos i think this was one of my fav episodes. bravo
Wow, thanks!
Belisarius did prepare that bath. It was a bloodbath.
It's pretty crazy to think that the Romans and the Iranians were constantly at war with each other for almost 700 years, being a conflict that completely outlived the Republic and even the Empire in the West. I wonder if, at some point, they stopped thinking about what they were fighting for...
I think because the Romans wanted to control the Persian Empire, but they failed
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب yes and no, most of the conflicts were back and forth border raids with the once in a while sacking of Antioch or Ctesiphon, usually ending in indecisive stalemates
An interesting thing written on Wikipedia which does sum up parts of the wars is "The Roman-Persian Wars have been characterized as "futile" and too "depressing and tedious to contemplate""
Even if the wars were religious and a good amount of dislike existed between those nations I think deep down they respected each other more than hated.
@@nice5396 Why did a large number of noble Roman families join Parthia and the Sasanians?
@@flaviusbelisariusthebasedl3116 Yes, but why did noble Roman families join this country?
Impregnate my mind with history!!!!!
🧐🤨📷📸
I am coming all over this suspect comment.
Man thats a bit too far hahahah
Thats a bit gay
That's right, tell me what a good little submissive and breedable viewer you are
That was amazing. I love these videos. I feel as if im always on the edge of my seat when rooting for the underdog
Keep up the great documentaries - very much enjoy them all.
Brilliant channel & always clear delivery .. thank you very much 🙏
I watched this video more than once, it is hypnotizing
And that is how you defeat a numerically superior enemy with strategic astuteness, tactically brilliance and firm and decisive leadership.
Informative, interesting introduction video about that period of political and military attacking between Byzantine Empire & Persian Empire..allot thanks. Good luck and best wishes at (2023 )for one's of my favorite ( history Marche)channel
Thanks for your work as always!
Cheers KHK! Happy 2023!
Thanks! Same to u HM!
Geez! I like ancient and medieval history, but, man, I did enjoy this video... very well detailed and explained. Thank you!
Would like to see some vids about persian wins too.
Persian-rome wars were ~ 50-50 winrate wise, but most of your vids are about persian defeats.
most of time persians had number advantage so its not really interesting to see such battle
@@666MIHI lol
@@666MIHI yea. persians also had tree wielding giants and bear riders and nerve gas...
Ok bozo
It's not 50-50 most of the battles won by sassanids.
@@parsarustami774 what kind of percentage do you think it was then?
Your content is greatly appreciated. Love the details provided.
Great content like always! It seems that Firouz was a good commander but shows that even good commanders do lose sometimes. Wonder if using parts of the reserves and his own cavalry would effect the outcome of the battle.
I wonder if you are planning to do videos on Khosrow Anushiravan or something related. Also excited about the Hannibal campaign next year.
Happy new year!
given the baricades and trenches probably not enough room to throw more units into battle effectively
Firouz was a good commander, but Belisarius was not a good commander, he was "THE GOOD COMMANDER" and after reading the history of wars, if Belisarius had had the same troops as Firouz, he would have mopped the floor with the entire Sassanid empire.
@@marioernestoguzmanruiz2257Belisarius wasn’t good, he was GREAT. Firouz was tier 3, Belisarius is high tier 4.
easily the current best historical battle page on youtube!!!
WOW... This is your best video yet, the drama chills and thrills, and the narrative, music audio, and graphic production are simply marvelous... I felt like I was right there in the middle of the battlefield... fighting for my life... in a state of panic, trying desperately to hold the line!!! All I can say is... WOW!!! Well-done sir, well-done indeed... You have outdone yourself, and have gone beyond your calling and duty as the best of the best.. of the creators of the historic military narrators, and thrilling military drama documentary videos. Thank you, for your long hours of hard work, for sharing your love, and for your gifts for making these wonderful videos for us... We sir, who love your epic historic military video dramas... We gratefully, and gladly bent our knees, and salute you... And the hell with rest, without question sir... "YOU ARE THE BEST OF THE BEST"!!!
I wish my all lame-ass history classes at my university were as thrilling and interesting as your TH-cam history video docu-dramas... Because I would really end up learning something worthwhile, and of great value.
As the wise Roel Konijnendijk once said, "TRENCHES!!"
"Ditches"!
Note: He's referring to that ancient warfare expert that gives feedback to realism of movies and TV in the Insider channel.
Very interesting to see Anastasius economic reforms. THAT is how you tame inflation. Not all the shenanigans corrupt politicians are doing
I’m sure they they spend a couple billion more dollars that will finally solve inflation! /s
historymarches voice sounds better than any actor on high pay
I liked your explanation of the situation before the start of the battle when they were building the trench, a wonderful dramatic scene, well done
I'm a simple human.
I see a new HistoryMarche video, I click.
I'm so happy I'm not the only one who was absolutely floored by Andreas. Absolute legend
Wow this early with one view. Going to be a banger as always.
Anastasius and Justin are just the type of responsible and proactive emperors I love. Kayad I was pretty great himself too.
Would love to see some videos on Persian victories.
yeah the battle of Callinicum is also interesting mainly because it demonstrated the strength of arab cavalry employed by the Persians.
Why am I just know finding this! Love watching historical video like this but I’d say this one tops them all man great job!
This was a year ago!?!? Damn..
What a fantastic video!⚔
Makes me even prouder to be called Andreas! Μπράβο σού ρε φίλε!
His most trusted soldiers were the Kuthrigur and Onogur horse archers, who formed his backbone to defeat the superior Persian cavalry on light horses(Battle of Dara) and were one of the most important factors in his conquest of Italy. At the same time, Belisarius followed the tactic of the Hun ruler Khushnavas, who defeated the Sassanids in 484 and killed the Sassanid Emperor Peroz I.
Hahahaha, where was this tactician in the second battle?
Based
@@papazataklaattiranimam the white huns were most likely indo european
@@yaqubebased1961 👁️👃👁️
👄
" the elite mounted Immortals with their horses and men clad in armour were grinding down everything in front of them " - this line sends shivers down my spine everytime i hear
Andreus the original Gigachad
Back in times where men are men. Forged in courage, brotherhood and honor.
Let us make men great again!
We need more Belisarius kicking arses!
thank you for share!
His methods of Positional warfare remind me a bit of the Duke of Wellington.
Glad to watch that our brother is also participate in this documentary ❤️
HistoryMarche, there are more two parts battles to combine on video to make such as:
Battle of Talas, 752 AD
Battle of the three kings, 1578 AD
Battle of Yarmouk, 636 AD
First Battle of Tarain, 1191 AD ⚔ The First Islamic Conquest of India and Second Battle of Tarain, 1192 AD ⚔ Muhammad of Ghor Returns.
Battle of Targoviste, 1462 AD
Battle of Cynoscephalae, 197 BC
Battle of Poitiers, 1356 AD
I hope you can voice and narrate the battles of Poitiers and Targoviste that would be awesome to see your next video.
Talas,Three Kings and Targoviste brilliant victories of the Turks.
Although the Battle of Talas is an Arab victory, the Turks' share is much larger.
@@scourgeofgodattila579 it is interesting to know more about any battles in history
@@scourgeofgodattila579 only one of those three even involve turks?
@@scourgeofgodattila579 Targoviste was a defeat of the turks? and three kings was literally a battle of morroccans vs iberians without much turkish influence?
@@scourgeofgodattila579 ah yes the turkish army in the battle of the three kings
Those who don’t know history are doomed to repeat it. Having access to information like this. We never know if we will be pulled into a war and never know when something like this might be useful.
Andreas was a chad ngl
Dude I can't even watch these anymore without ad block. There's a midroll every 4min. That shit is killing the flow of the video
It feels illegal to be this early 😅
An admirable and gracious Roman general
"meh, ok". -proceeds to straight up clap two challengers in a row- lol xD
Thank you.
Hey I love your channel but I never seen a video mentioning french victories, always defeats.. I don’t know if it’s intentional but I would gladly see a video like this haha. Cheers
I will cover all battles of the HYW in no particular order and add them to the playlist. I also plan to re-do Poitiers since the information in my video is now outdated. Patay and Castillon are in production, and so is Siege of Rouen. Eventually we will have a playlist of videos that cover the entirety of the HYW timeline.
This channel is really good! I'm looking forward to watching it in my language, hug!
How confusing would that be? A Spaniard having a convo over yonder in Iberia.
"So, laddy, where abouts do you be from?"
"I am from the Iberian Peninsula."
"Aye, Liam, we got ourselves a peninsula now! Why are we speaking with an Irish accent?"
The "Iberian Peninsula" was known as Hispania, so there could never have been such a situation.
@@marioernestoguzmanruiz2257 what about the Irish accent?
@@marioernestoguzmanruiz2257 what about the Irish accent?
Nice details, great video! Many thanks!
Great video. A couple of suggestions. Show real images of the battle field to see how it looks now.
Also, it would be nice if you had a cutaway segment showing where current borders are to see who fought who.
"who fought who"
I mean, both empires are dead and buried, closest you'd get is Greece vs Iran fighting over Iraq and Syria lmao
Yesssssss u make me love History 😂🤣 I definitely wish alot of TH-camrs were my Teachers 😂😂
Great video. BTW in the seventh century, Muslims in Medina dug up trenches to face the oncoming attack from other tribes. This was done upon the advice of Salman alfarisi (Salman the Persian) who told the Prophet about Persian ways in warfare.
And then he went ballz-deep in a child. What a "prophet" folks. Imagine thinking an illiterate warlord would be chosen by God...
One of the best byzantiums generals if maybe not the best afterall :D
Hahahahaha He lost against the Persians, Hercules is better than this general, at least he won against the Persians
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب i meant to say for the eastern roman empire
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب heraclius was emperor, not a general. And yes, he lost battle to the Persians too. The only person to never lose was Alexander the Great.
@Bora Bora Tell Napoleon and the King of Poland and the King of Sweden they don't believe you
@Bora Bora idk what that even means
that guy that won in combat had infinite aura henceforth
Hey Buddy can you start making a series on How Marathas defeated mughals in India. There were many battles which happened and a lot of guerilla tacticts which were used by Marathas to defeat mughals. This IMO is Indian Game of Thrones and would take 1 whole series where you can cover different battles such as Battle of Pratapgard, Battle of Pawankind etc. I think you can attract a lot of Indian Audiences from this. Thanks!
Didn't the Mongols weaken because of this civil war and gang war?
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب They were weakened because the Mughals tried expanding in all directions all at once..and hence faced huge logistical problems and gained very little in the end. They were unable to focus upon rival at a time and were ultimately defeated on all sides decisively, they did not lose an inch of land in these wars but spent a lot in both money and men, and gained nothing.
@@siddharthsingh3996 No, they were weakened because of the civil wars, Britain and the gang war, and not because of those gangs who, when the English had no back, became slaves.
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب The British came atleast a 60-70 years after the decline of the Mughal empire..they were already being bullied by a lot of different powers, the Marathas, The Rajputs, Sikhs and to crown it all, Nader Shah came and sacked Delhi too..Afghans were frequently attacking as well.
@@siddharthsingh3996 No, they were in a civil war, and these Sikhs and the Marathas were defeated, and the kingdom of the Mughals remained, but Islamic kingdoms appeared in India, and they defeated the Marathas, but they were in a civil war
The brilliance of Belisarius's trench system goes beyond simply adding a protective barrier. Due to the obvious danger of engaging the center that the trench design created, he forced the Persians to focus the attack on the wings with cavalry, the arm in which the Byzantines were least outnumbered and they were the best and most reliable troops in his army, maximizing his chances for victory.
The hand to hand combat between the two persians and andreas, reminded me of the biblical event known as David versus Goliath. I hope everyone had a good Christmas,Viva Cristo Rey!☦
Deus Vult brother.
Dues Vult
Saracens won over the christians and are now taking over Europe. Merry Christmas! 💪
@@mrxmry957 Yet Christian Orthodoxy still stands, Have a good rest of your day.☦
@@NicholasAlexanderHolt Indeed, same to you. 🙏
Awesome thanks for the great work Sir
Its a pity how most historical records containing information about Belisarius came from people who loathed him. All the nonsense about his personal life, discrediting his achievements and etc. This great man was a victim of classical age cancel culture..
530 AD is Early Middle Ages. So, medieval cancel culture.
@@LuisBrito-ly1ko double checked and yes you're right. classical age ended during 5th century, my bad
Danke!
Thank you very much for the support. Very kind of you.
Basedchadrius :)
His most trusted soldiers were the Kuthrigur and Onogur horse archers, who formed his backbone to defeat the superior Persian cavalry on light horses(Battle of Dara) and were one of the most important factors in his conquest of Italy. At the same time, Belisarius followed the tactic of the Hun ruler Khushnavas, who defeated the Sassanids in 484 and killed the Sassanid Emperor Peroz I.
@@scourgeofgodattila579 Do not lose this battle and pay tribute to the Persians
The Battle of Dara in 530 CE was a significant clash between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanid Persian Empire, showcasing the strategic brilliance of Byzantine general Belisarius. Despite being outnumbered, Belisarius used clever trench fortifications to outmaneuver the Persians and secure a surprising victory. This battle is often highlighted in world history documentaries as a classic example of tactical ingenuity in ancient warfare.
How were the Sassanids able spare twice as many troops for an offensive battle as the Byzantines were for a defensive battle when both empires had a similar total army size?
Logistics
No Persian sources have survived so you have to expect some sort of exaggeration in the sources as well
What a superb reversal❤
Isn't it interesting that Persians NEVER win in one to one combats? both in Persian vs Arab videos & Persian vs Romans there isn't even ONE account of them winning one vs one combats. , over 800 years of Perso Roman wars, you can't show me even ONE instant of them winning. I think that's because both of those sources been written by Arab & Roman writers. those one on one wins of Romans & Arabs are hugely debatable. (from a historical critique point of view)
Meanwhile Romans keep paying them even after they win. I think those Iranians actually won a lot of one vs ones and a lot more battles that we don't know about because sources are either western or arab.
Most Iranian source material got destroyed during the Arab invasion, whole libraries were torched.
The persians won several battles against the romans. in fact, they were the deadliest enemy rome ever faced (except Hannibal). Shapur I. destroyed a large roman army with the emperor himself in the third century and was only driven back by the formidable army of Palmyra later.
what a good day for Andreas!!! 💪
Hello
Sorry, I’ve been absent for a little bit guys but I’m happy I saw this video 👍
No worries man, great to see you
I liked the video though I'd hardly call this 'trench warfare' as trenches and field fortifications were something that was being used both before and after this battle and I'd say Trench Warfare was/is more commonly associated with WW1.
Besides I always wondered: Why didnt the Persian Commander not order his infantry forward to fill up one of the trenches with dirt? He DID have the numerical advantage and supposedly the ranged advantage or did I miss anything? Aside that he was not under pressure of either supply or time constraints or am I wrong?
The trenches were right in front of the Byzantine army. Point blank range for their archers.
Maybe if the Persians asked real nice they wouldn't get slaughtered.
My boy must’ve felt like a God after winning those duels in front of all those spectators… glorious. No one could deny his skill in combat that day or any day after…
Greeks: "Dont worry bro! I got a plan!"
Byzantines: "Aight lets hear it!"
Greeks: "Ok so there once was these 300 Spartans..."
*7000
Such a good channel! soo detailed!!
2:05 I don't see any Turks on that map. Why is that? Modern Turks claim they have lived in the area for 5,000 years.
They wouldn't be the only ones with illusions about their history.
because of pdfile muhammed
@ALLAHwithdaughterALLAT your mom should have swallowed you.
i wonder if andreas survived the battle, dude walked back from 2 1v1's and people are still talking about it to this day
Belisarius was a good general but i cant look past the devestations he caused in italy
Cant really blame him war brings destruction especially with a determined enemy and bad luck
He didn't cause anything, just following orders of the emperor
@@seifer64 No, he lost his war against the Persians and deserves to be punished
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب lol, a muslim nationalist
@@seifer64 Tell this Justinian is the one who punished him because of his defeat of the Persians
What a great explanation
I'd just like to correct something - the Sassanians absolutely did not lack advanced siege capabilities, in fact they were at the forefront of innovation when it came to sieges. Maurice himself mentions their competence in his Strategikon, and we know through archaeology that they made heavy use of sappers in sieges and were even the first to use chemical weapons.
I just wanna give a shout out to Andreas who randomly decided to do a single combat with two Persians and thus now made history and is remembered hundreds of years after lol
Persia wins a ton of wars and battle: there is no source.
Rome wins a one battle against persia: a millions of videos on TH-cam talking about how superior rome is.
This channel needs to support both sides I don't see why there is so much propaganda against iranians history.
they're both badass
Unfortunately, we know that Persians won the war from the clauses in the treaties.
shows Persians lack of army secretary
yeap! I was a bout to say the same thing. I rarely see any battle that Persian won covered in channels like this.
This channel is his, he doesn't have to support anything but what he wants to.
Thanks for amazing videos! Happy New year! Wish you good health, happiness, prosperity! Good luck for your channel.
Thanks
Thank you so much for the support. You are very kind! Happy 2023!