I caused people more pain. And they preferred it.
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 24 มิ.ย. 2024
- We experimented to see how much pain our volunteers could handle. Go to headspace-web.app.link/e/vstm to try Headspace for free using the code VERITASIUM
Studies on Headspace - ve42.co/Headspace
A massive thank you to Rayner Moss for recreating the experiment equipment and making this shoot happen.
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References:
Kahneman, D. et al. (1993). When More Pain Is Preferred to Less: Adding a Better End. Psychological Science - ve42.co/Kahneman1993
Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux - ve42.co/FastAndSlow
Fredrickson, B. L., Kahneman, D. (1993). Duration neglect in retrospective evaluations of affective episodes. Journal of personality and social psychology - ve42.co/Fredrickson1993
Kahneman, D., Tversky, A. (1972). Subjective probability: A judgment of representativeness. Cognitive Psychology - ve42.co/Kahneman1972
Diener, E. et al. (2001). End Effects of Rated Life Quality: The James Dean Effect. Psychological Science - ve42.co/Deiner2001
Redelmeier, D. A. et al. (2003). Memories of colonoscopy: a randomized trial. Pain - ve42.co/Redelmeier2003
Kemp, S. et al. (2008). A test of the peak-end rule with extended autobiographical events. Memory & Cognition - ve42.co/Kemp2008
Images & Video:
Daniel Kahneman via UNSW - ve42.co/ImgKahneman
Barbara Fredrickson via UNC - ve42.co/ImgFredrickson
Stephen Gould via achievement.org - ve42.co/ImgGould
Amos Tversky via LGT - ve42.co/ImgTversky
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Directed by Petr Lebedev
Written by Petr Lebedev and Derek Muller
Edited by Peter Nelson
Animated by Fabio Albertelli and Ivy Tello
Illustrated by Jakub Misiek
Filmed by Derek Muller and Bernard Lau
Produced by Petr Lebedev, Derek Muller, Rob Beasley Spence, Owen Maher, David Szasz, Emily Taylor, Gregor Čavlović and Alistair Dann
Thumbnail contributions by Ren Hurley and Peter Sheppard
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty and Storyblocks
Music from Epidemic Sound
**Ends with an annoying ad**
PS I was slightly disconcerted by how many folks didn't notice that my comment was meant to be facetious. Of course I don't deny Derek the right to place sponsorship messages alongside his amazing content! However, doing so at the end of this particular video made me smile at the irony and I wanted to make you guys smile as well. I am glad for the majority of you who did - you are amazing. Cheers!
Or he knows that you wont watch the ad/its worth watching anyway so the video already ended. Sponsor got done dirty.
@@hypnoticlizard9693pretty sure this is a standard practice on his videos. I'm sure the sponsor knew about it before coming to an agreement.
The actual pain
Sponsorblock
Brilliant.
"End it with something pleasant"
Proceeds to end the video with a sponsor message
💀
At least he didn't show "Man being forcibly drowned". 5:37
Lol 😂
For me, the video ends before the add and while the add plays I read the comments
At least he didn't show the colonoscopy.
sponsorblock 🤯
“Put your right hand in the box.”
“What’s in the box?”
“Pain.”
Reminds me of „The Dune“
@@olpizl Reminds me of the barber of seville overture, which is playing in the background
ah ha !! Good one.
Derek whips out the Gom Jabbar
@@olpizlpretty sure thazs because he meant it as a reference ;)
Its why you always celebrate finishing a difficult task/bad experience with something you enjoy. It makes the whole experience better.
Another interesting point is that working towards something, like maybe learning a song. The reward at the end is that you now know a new song, and you look back fondly on the process of learning it. Even though in reality, it was probably pretty tedious. This pushes us to learn more.
This is likely the evolutionary reason as to why the mind works like this. Because it drives motivation. Which is ultimately what put us at the top of the food chain.
The other thing I noted from this video was the idea that the mind takes snapshots, rather than recording the whole experience. While true to a point, I think what comes in snapshots is the ability to remember without a reference. Generally if you specifically ask someone if they remembered any particular point of an experience they will be able to. Even if the memory does not trigger when you simply ask what they remember from the experience as a whole.
@@Devilofdoom his how i felt when learning the rubiks cube
Ending with that cute dog was so smart. Some TH-camrs end their videos with an annoying ad so the viewers forget they ever saw that dog
I see what you did there. 😉 And yup. Very stupid on his part to *still* put the ad at the end...
@@Vousie I think he was making a joke at that point haha
@@thelocalshoop doesnt seem like it, its just a prerecorded ad bro
well he did thank you for watching
peak irony. i love it
“Everyone must choose one of two pains: The pain of discipline or the pain of regret.”
- Jim Rohn
what about my existential pain?
I think that’s interesting, though what is meant by discipline can differ. For example, I lead something of an easy life. there are probably people who would look at me and say some variation of unmotivated or lazy. But I keep up on rent, laundry, dishes, hygiene. To me that’s discipline.
I’m not much for hard work but I work hard enough to live the life I want.
I believe if I pushed myself harder, disciplined myself more, I would lose a serenity that I value deeply.
wow! what an impressive sentence!
@@xeryuesyou don’t get to chose that one.
@@xeryues From my experience and those around me, existential pain is a pain of regret masked by very strong mental defense mechanisms. And overcoming that is a long process.
Honestly, ending with an ad pays less than a mid-roll ad, so Veritasium is actually sacrificing it's revenue for us.
I got a mid roll ad, too.
@@Lo-Delfi I am talking about the sponsor.
Cfbr
"Berry" has multiple definitions, one of which is the botanist's definition, the other is the colloquial definition. The latter includes strawberries and excludes eggplants.
"Vegetable" is also not a botanical word at all. Vegetable is a culinary term, and it used to mean all parts of plants, such as stems, leaves, fruit, seeds, etc. Now we're a bit more picky about what is a vegetable, but it's still not a botanical term lol
How would you classify a Hale Berry?
@@agalah408 your mom 😎
"The best way to close a TH-cam video is with a wholesome message, so here's a cute dog playing with flowers" - Proceeds to follow the cute dog with an ad 😅
I wonder if that means that people generally prefer watching youtube videos with ad reads in the middle compared to them at the end?
The real question is do more upvotes on a reply leave a stronger impression on a person or the last comment?
@@xKumeiThere is no reason to continue watching at the end
Bro he just gave you permission to skip watching the ad section. Like, the video is over now, this is clearly the after-the-video portion of the upload.
@@jellyg0at9 he is expecting us to have Sponsorblock addon
I didn't expect 14C water to be cold enough to hurt, it seems okay in my head
I'm equally confused by this. I guess I'm just accustomed to cold? I shower cold and wash hands cold, etc. As long as it's not freezing I also have my window next to me open. Dunno, seemed quite mundane to put a hand in 14C water for a minute. Might have to actually try it to figure out what this is about lol.
I think water temperature is colder than air temperature, its not like sticking your hand in 14 C air and water is the same.
Edit: Feels colder, not is colder
It took me 12 minutes of wondering the same thing, until I realised it’s degrees Fahrenheit…
@@junipermeisje6300 I don't think it is, the digital readout says C
@@pourplecat I suppose, but I doubt that submerging 1 hand would hurt that much? I don't have a good thermometer so I can't do this experiment myself, sadly
I think the bank teller question is tricky because we misread the question. the reader THINKS it means "what's more likely, Bank Teller AND Feminist or Bank Teller AND NOT Feminist?" When what is being asked is really "what's more likely, Bank Teller (either Feminist or Not), OR Bank Teller AND Feminist?"
I agree, this has always struck me as a bad question. Given the choices 'Bank Teller' and 'Bank Teller and Feminist', I would read the first choice 'Bank Teller' as meaning "not Feminist", because that's how language works, with context. It seems Kahneman isn't aware of that basic feature of language.
Also, he even says sometimes in the video "just a bank teller". That is literally wrong as just a bank teller would imply she is not a feminist.
Exactly! I wanted to write the same but saw your comment.
Not only that, but it is logical to say no difference in probability between the 2 options. Consider that a layperson being asked this question has not done a study to determine what the average percentage of people at a feminist protest are feminist, they are being asked to assign some ratio as part of the logic. Most people would just say, it's reasonable to guess that 100% of people protesting for those ideals are also feminist. Same would be if you asked "what is the chance a person who attends a baptist church identifies as a Christian?" Clearly the researchers have made the assumption that there are people who protest at the rally who aren't feminist, but why is that the only rational assumption?
Since we have established that Jen is a protester, we could assume that she has a 100% chance of being a feminist, using the assumption of protest attendance that we were kinda forced to make. So the probability of A vs A && B doesn't change if the probability of B is 100%.
Tommy is currently enrolled in elementary school. Which statement has a higher degree of probability?
1. Tommy is allergic to peanuts.
2. Tommy is allergic to peanuts and Tommy is't old enough to buy alcohol.
A person would only think two statement only have a different degree of probability if they have reason to believe that there are elementary students who aren't allergic to peanuts AND elementary students who can buy alcohol.
Bot
I agree with the argument "happy ending" but I would consider two more things which are also related to each other.
1- Already leaving your comfort zone
the participants of your experiment are leaving their comfort zone by putting their hands in the cold water, so it doesn't matter for them staying a bit longer because they already felt the pain. Imagine, you have to edit a TH-cam video but you don't have enough energy and motivation to do that but once you start, it doesn't make so much difference continue editing for one more hour, if you get a better result at the end aka a better prize. I would say the prize in this experiment for the participants is to be able to hold their hands more.
2 - more stress = more adrenalin and dopamine until a certain point
for example doing an exercise causes stress but with that adrenalin and dopamine hormones release which make us happy. It happens also while we are studying or taking cold shower. It means leaving our comfort zone makes us happy, so leaving it a bit further means more happiness until a certain point. In my opinion we also see this effect in your experiment that's why the participants remember the longer version better.
The ad at the end is brilliant.
People feel so smart pointing this out, that you get a huge amount of comments -> peak.
And not only that: People also remember themselves being so smart. And people love feeling smart. And THIS is the real end of the video experience for them.
I think you got it. Thanks
O.O
Or is it?
Thus is what I was looking for. Also, I feel like Derek ended the video for most of us earlier, then sort of winked at us to just move on.
I was thinking almost same, brilliant idea it was
I feel that the bank teller riddle is actually a linguistic problem. It's like in normal every day conversation, asking whether she's a bank teller or a bank teller who's also a feminist implies that if if you pick option one she must not be a feminist, which seems unlikely given her past, but of course, if you consider the question carefully that is not the case.
I think the question confounds multiple variables. If you could control for people who don't properly understand the question, like for example if you explained that option one makes only one statement about a person who know very little about, while option 2 is making two statements, both of which have to be true, and you made sure people understood this, then you'd get very different results.
Though whole berry shpiel was also a linguistic problem and not a philosophical one. The linguistic origin of berry and the associated fruits we refer to as berries date to well before Linnaeus defined categories of fruits.
Agreed, the results of that riddle might just prove that people tend to assume implicit meaning with certain phrases.
Exactly. While not the literal interpretation, the defaut understanding of most people will be that the two choices are independent. The although not explicitly stated the "bank teller" option implies a "non-feminist bank teller". There are far better examples of this Bayesian-adjacent error.
its people who have not studied formal logic, where language is used differently as how it is used by normal people...
I'm with you on this one. Also, it's not "more likely". Feminism is a part of social justice, which is, by definition, what she's a part of. So it's not that she's more likely, she literally should be as per the definition. And, in fact, when I first heard the question, I was like, "She's likely not a bank teller at all. Working for banks will often make her complicit in social justice issues via discriminatory lending, red lining, etc."
And, as I've written above, she's more like to be a feminist bank teller as she would be one to try to "change the system from within", than she would just a bank teller and be complicit in the system. If they had phrased the sentence differently., like, "What's the probability that she would end up as a bank teller versus a bank teller AND a feminist?" That would yield different answers.
The sponsor message at the end of the video is just him experimenting on all of us. Well played sir, well played.
yeah
Your voice and your content is what make me come back every time! I love that it can be applied to almost everything I do in my life, work, training, partnership and memory. I never realized that memory was a photographer and not a filmmaker but know that you mentioned it, it is a photo ta come alive and short span of before and after the photo play in my mind but really not the whole thing. Thanks once again for this great video, I love how memory work and affect our lives in subtle ways.
I feel like there is a problem with the Linda problem: people aren’t familiar with probability terms and have the misconception that instead of the the first option being that she is just a bank teller, it is that she is a bank teller but not a feminist. This ultimately means that they scale the area of the *intersection* of bank teller and feminist with the probability of *bank teller minus the intersection,* which could make the intersection more likely.
I'm not buying the whole "preferring pain" thing, its more likely that people associate the additional wait time with the second experiment and thus would prefer the first one again
@@defense200x it's randomised. The first test is longer in half the cases, the second test is longer in the other half. If people had some bias towards thinking the second test was longer and thus worse, then you'd see an even 50/50 split between people prefering the longer or shorter one as the first test is randomly one of the two. You don't see a 50/50 split, the research paper showed 70/30.
That said, the sample size was only like 50, which is extremely small for human studies. So a large sample size of millions might show 50/50. But it's hard to argue with the rest of the video though, even if you feel the science isn't accurate you know that what it's trying to prove is real. It's just difficult to prove. Also the preferred pain thing is youtube clickbait, what the video is actually about is how we remember experiences. People prefer the experience that had a more pleasant ending to it, not that they preferred more pain.
I agree with your analysis and also don't think the Linda problem is related to this subject. I know statistics well enough to answer B instantly, but I know that I would still probably rank the 30 yr life of Jen higher than 35 yr.
This whole video is about a set of faulty experiments. There is so many wtf there that it is probably worthless "science".
Like how do you end up with less desirable life if it is longer? clearly that was not the only difference or the measurement was imprecise.
I refuse to trust any psychological science since I learned how non replicable they are and how shitty the conduct is in many cases.
Also, I refuse to believe that 30 seconds of warmer water was actually 30 seconds of feeling the warmth. I downwoted this video. It spreads bs unfortunately.
@@defense200x Also I dont think that 30 seconds of warmer water is actually 30 seconds of just 1 degree warmer water. It is not possible to warm the water as a whole instantly even by 1 degree. The experiments are an example of bad science painted as rigorous. It is bs unfortunately. There is a reason the replicability of psychological studies is so bad.
I love your content.
Holy moly, there were _sooo_ many issues with so many arguments here. I found myself nearly spitting my coffee out just from the poor/ leading phrasing used in a couple of the questions used the studies referenced.
Did you not watch the substance of the video? Or are you just being pedantic and hypercritical?
@@newkbootswhat do you think, coming from a person that uses the expression "nearly spit out my coffee"?
"Holy moly goly jeepers my jinkies are so rattled and my coffee nearly spat out in outrage"
Soyjak
“All’s well that ends well” proved I guess who knew how accurate it was
This is why rock concerts have encores. Edit: this actually works both ways - the fans get to hear a song they've been waiting for and so have a peak experience, and the band gets to play while the crowd goes utterly wild, so they also get a peak experience.
This is a very interesting application of that theory. Never thought about it this way, but albsolutely makes sense
Interestingly, quite a few bands put their most famous song at the very end of the encore - for example, just last week I saw Scorpions, who finished with Rock You Like A Hurricane. I wonder if combining the peak and the end magnifies the memory, or dulls it because they're overlapping...
"Goodnight Springfield...There will be no encore!"
"Man.. lets trash this place!"
“Putting something unpleasant at the end reduces the total perceived quality”
proceeds to put an ad at the end of the video
I can't believe these coomers would like this dumb bot's AI comment, it just shows humanity is gonna end soon.
YOU KNOW WHAT COOMERS, FINE, HERE IS THE GIRL IN THE PICTURES NAME, BEING USED BY THE STUPID SANXUAL SCAM BOT. HERE NAME IS "arisepeachie/arisepeach". THERE, GET WHAT YOU WANT FAP LEGIONNAIRES. EEEEEEEEEE
"Her", not here, lol my grammar sucks.
Would it have been better with the ad in the middle or beginning? Besides, are you actually going to watch the ad?
bot shut up
Ending the video with an ad did put a smile on my face, well done sir.
Everyone must choose one of two pains: The pain of discipline or the pain of regret.
I have no regrets. The fate of everything was determined at the Big Bang. And I did my best to make decisions for myself with limited information
@@chikuwa_2564 why are you replying to a bot
@@chikuwa_2564 untrue
On what basis, sir? Where are your sources? Your evidence? @@Nick-vs5hl
@@bennyboy5949at least it's more enlightened than you lmao
Ending a video essay about the benefits of a positive final impression with a 1.5-minute ad is a tad ironic 😂
At least it wasn't BetterHelp this time...
Is ironic , but it has made thousands of people talk about the add, which was their goal. Now they are either super dumb or are super smart to let others think that they are smart and also make them remember about this one add on a veritasium video.
They said u remember the ending a lot so it would be beneficial to have it at the end as people would remember the add more
Ah, but the final 1.5 minutes can be *skipped* , the video stopped, or the tab closed. The whole point of the extra 30 seconds of the hand-in-water experiment -- *and* the colonoscopy example -- is that the participant is *not in control of how long it lasts* . But as a viewer of a video, you choose when to end it, so you can *choose* to stop at the puppy.
Who wants to bet he's got 50percent of the videos with and without the ad. Looking forward to the results !
As a French, it took me way too long to understand that thumbnail. Of course I want more pain!
pain de mie, pain de campagne, pain de sucre, pain de savon....
@@TooTallForPony You forgot "pain de butt"
@@allanshpeley4284poo loaf?😂
@@YO-BIZZYthe best kind of pain
c‘est pain perdu pour les americains…
Heavens! I have been doing it wrong the entire time, I always like to push myself a little extra at the end of a workout for instance, despite not liking it very much. No wonder, I feel bad about it later on.
Thankfully, I can learn. I skipped the ad in the end. Thank you comment section!
Appling this to my life will likely make it more enjoyable, thank you!!
10:30 There's something oddly satisfying about hearing Derek stop talking science for a moment and just absolutely roasting the final season of GoT.
It was a great example...... no can fault him if that pain is still present.
Great analogy
the final season was constipated - the solution was 'all bran'
It wasn't just the final season. It started going wrong in season 5.
Gaym of transes
I had this shower thought quite a while ago, where I figured that adults perceive time faster than children partly because we do less things during the day.
A child has less experiences, so anything they do is a new "photograph" in their mind, so they learned and experienced many new things, so the day was perceived as slower. Our mind tracks time in moments and not seconds. If you get yourself focused on the work and use several hours on one thing - it's just a single "moment", a single photograph.
I also watched that Vsauce video, yes.
@@Rydn or did you?
Also, the more recent and vivid memories, or 'photographs', the less you have from previous years
A year to a 10 year old kid is 10% of his life but merely 2.5% of a 40 year old adult's life. That might be another factor affecting how they perceive time.
@@druggy1868 This was always my assumption too.
Great book from Daniel Khaneman and great video! Thanks for that!
Thank you for your review on those studies! Very informative and eye-opening!
The best way to end this youtube video is with dog playing with the flowers - ends it with an ad instead. Truly makes you think.
Surat No. 2 Ayat NO. 28
How can you be ungrateful to Allah Who bestowed life upon you when you were lifeless then He will cause you to die and will again bring you back to life so that you will be returned to Him.
Surat No. 52 Ayat NO. 35
35 Were they created out of nothing, or are they their own creators?
Surat No. 52 Ayat NO. 36
36 Did they create the heavens and the earth? No! They have no
yeah lmao it is kind of undermining his whole message, idk what the thought process was about that. Maybe he really believes that people don't want to leave the video to click the ad when it is in the middle of the video. Or maybe this was like a playful message to say that his sponsor is actually a good thing. Idk.
Iirc only middle ads are controlled by content creator and preroll and endroll are TH-cam automatic ads?
@@yuitachibana8829 They're talking about the sponsorship.
Yeah guys. How could you do that to Allah? Shits fucked up
"Pain is temporary. Quitting lasts forever." - Sun Tzu
Confuscius say Dongs Big Dang!
"Stop quoting things I didn't say!"
-Sun Tzu
"But chronic pain is forever. So.... 🤷♀️ Whatever, I guess."
- Famous Q. Person
He is a successful Footballer Hope Sport. You don't want to marry Ronaldo, you might think?! He knew I had Asthma Bronchial. His dog also had Asthma. And only when I started smoking attacks it became 50% less. And the former spouse was generally indignant that there was no asthma. Remission. From 13 to 15 years old, they already gave the Second Disability Group, and this is 25 years of life from the moment. 13(15)+25=39 years (38-40)
Doctors speak from Mom. But at the age of five, I almost died from Whooping cough. And earlier, too, the hope of Sports of the USSR was expelled for unsportsmanlike behavior two fights from the school of the Olympic reserve in Gymnastics, but did not tell him about it.
For three years there was. Coach alone took away free of charge from the entire kindergarten. On the swimming offered until the scandal subsides to go, but I was offended. Professional straight hope and talent.
These are the health consequences of a sharp drop in Professional sports.
Do you think he would want to date a girl who Twice Beat, Fought and Beat up her gymnast rival from the Paid Section? When is he an Athlete himself?
There is definitely no puppy with flowers.
Before that, having scored an arrow on Brawl with his friends for insulting that without a bra in a T-shirt he walks from which he smeared her. So no one else climbed to her. I beat my classmates at school for the cause. And not only Peers at school.
🥴Yes, my hands are weak, and my legs are very strong. And I hit well unexpectedly with a turn of foot.
Quitting doesn't last forever unless you quit life
The Game of Throne and Breaking Bad part did ring a bell to me… That’s right that I have a bad memory of the whole serie of GoT because of the 2 last seasons and I don’t want to see it again, even though the first 6 seasons were a master piece… And still I have a great memory of Breaking Bad and have no problem seeing again and again, because it was a master piece from the begining to the end… Probably watched it 6 times, for 2 times for GoT… The memory of an experience do play a lot more than the experience itself.
Same thing with the pregnancy for women, the labor is really hard and painful, but yet the mind keep the memory has something not so bad, in order for women to be able to want to be pregnant again… Truly amazing :)
That is why the quality of these videos are so good... Because they always end on a good note...
9:33
"Also, annoyingly enough, a strawberry is not technically a berry. Botany is confusing."
Nor is it a straw!
But it has achenes 😢
🥱
For everyone pointing out that 7/12 might not be statistically significant: If the goal was 50% you are right. But the goal is actually 0% because why would _anyone_ prefer more pain? Even 3/12 would be strange!
Problem is that it's technically not more pain but it's on average less pain but for a longer duration.
Actually, the cold temperature was the same for both experiments during the first few minutes. However, the second experiment lasted ten seconds longer with less discomfort from warmer water.. The subjects preferred the second longer experiment because its ending yielded less discomfort (even though it was ten seconds longer). In other words, it is not so much the time of pleasure or displeasure of an event, but the perception of the event at the end. Thus, our experience at the conclusion of an event will shape our perception of the overall event - the recency bias effect @moos5221
@@moos5221it is more pain. You experience the same, and then some extra pain
@@empathy800 yeah, that's already been said in the video, but thanks for the recap i guess.
@@Mathijs_A and that's where i disagree. if the water was colder for the same amount of time or if electrical current was added then i'd say it's more pain. but when it's just longer then it's the same pain just for a longer duration and when for the extra duration it's less pain then before then it's on average less pain but over a longer duration.
This was really facinating man!
Right? always sharing the best tips for life
Your videos never disappoint 🌞 Thank you.
Except for his pronunciation to Hiroshima herowshema? 🤦🏾♂️ other than that, great video
Guess the best way to deal with pain is to imagine what is expected to be accomplished from challenge 👍👍👍
Then there’s me who likes swimming in 50 degree water 😂
@@gang1798 Let me know if you do that haha
@@drpkmath1234 hehe
But wont that lead to people staying in their pain
What does this even mean
I think it makes a lot of sense.
1. Knowing the peak of discomfort allows us to judge whether we can go through the same discomfort again. When your goal is not dying, then "how close are you to dying at the worst moment of the experience" is a very good indicator of how bad given experience is.
2. The end is usually the moment when we get a reward for doing something. Therefore we focus on remembering the end of an experience in order to know what kind of reward we can expect for going through this again.
Recuding the whole experience to these two numbers allows us much easier processing of events and judging whether we want to take part in them again, while at the same time it preserves most important information about the event.
"In music, though, one doesn’t make the end of a composition the point of the composition. If that were so, the best conductors would be those who played fastest and there would be composers who wrote only finales. People would go to concerts just to hear one crashing chord, because that’s the end! Say, when dancing, you don’t aim at a particular spot in the room; that’s where you should arrive. The whole point of the dancing is the dance." - Alan Watts
@@ripvanwando Dont' bore us, get to the chorus :)
@@ripvanwando it's also to build up the end, if it was by itself then there'd be nothing to it, you need a full experience that culminates into a peak and an end, a rising action for the peak and a proper closing for the whole thing. do you think those people in the experiments would like to experience the lesser pain at the end with no reason or nothing to compare it to?
I watched this video a week ago and I'm remembering it very fondly
Great choice of material. I love Kahneman's books. You represented it very well too.
stepping on a lego hurt me more than when i cracked my head open on concrete
That makes total sense, actually.
I feel like I am the only one who doesn't find stepping on Lego painful - it's unfortunate for sure but not painful
When did adrenaline get a keyboard?
Hit by car, hospital, court and recovery was = holy crap lvl pain,1 week after I remembered I was starting school in 2 months = kill me now! I can"t take it
Bro stepping on Legos sucks so much. The moment my foot steps down on 1 I look like my legs turned to jelly and I hit the floor in the most annoying pain😂😂😂😂
07:14 - Regarding the perception of randomness, a tell-tell sign that something is not random is that there are no repetitions in a sequence. Repetition statistics are used in detecting false randomness during cryptanalysis. As a general rule of thumb, the more random something appears to a human, the less likely it actually is random.
I thunk internally we don't evaluate the odds of 000111 vs 01101110, we evaluate the odds of something seemingly looking artificial vs something seemingly looking chaotic. Technically a bunch of atoms are equally likely to produce a chair than to produce a specific blob, but the odds of the thing looking like a blob are much higher than it looking lke a chair. Something to do with entropy.
Unfortunately because of randomness this also doesn't apply. You can't just look at something and think "a human probably didnt do that" and then evaluate it's randomness higher.
'Tell-tale' is the term. as in, it's a sign that tells a tale/story. Circles under someone's eyes tell the story(tale) of a sleepless night. They're a tell-tale sign of insomnia! Get it?
yeah. I was forging a study that I supposedly conducted for a high school math teacher - I didn't know whether or not to put in many patterns or to avoid it and thus make it less random.
Surat No. 2 Ayat NO. 28
How can you be ungrateful to Allah Who bestowed life upon you when you were lifeless then He will cause you to die and will again bring you back to life so that you will be returned to Him.
Surat No. 52 Ayat NO. 35
35 Were they created out of nothing, or are they their own creators?
Surat No. 52 Ayat NO. 36
36 Did they create the heavens and the earth? No! They have no
Thats why we have an old saying in India "Ant bhala to sab bhala". meaning "if it ends well then everything is well".
commercials are so sweet and relaxing, so they were put into the final part of the video.
"Vegetable" is not a classification in biology; it is more of a category of food that contains a wide selection of parts from plants, including roots (like carrots), stems (like celery), leaves (like spinach), flowers (like broccoli), seeds (like peas), fruits (like tomatoes and cucumbers), and berries (like bell peppers and eggplants).
I heard it was a term from marketing, nothing to do with biology at all.
I’m reading the comments while watching the video and wondering how veggies are going to fit into it haha
Derek got it compeletely wrong there. Berry just has a definition in botany separate from colloquial usage. People have been saying the word "berry" long before scientists aribtrarily chose that term to refer to a part of a plant.
Vegetables are plants of which the non-fruit parts are edible (like onion),
@@d3fau1thmph So you're implying that pumpkin is a vegetable because the leaves are edible. Assuming you meant "edible parts of a plant that isn't a fruit," then that is also wrong. Nobody calls cinnamon a vegetable.
On the topic of Linda the potential feminist bank-teller: I think the reason that people may get that question wrong is because we mentally fill in a gap that isn't actually there. Our brains interpret the question as "Which is more likely: A) Linda is a bank teller (and not a feminist) or B) Linda is a bank teller and a feminist. The part in parentheses was never actually said, but the framing of the question leads us to expect it and that's the question people answer before thinking about it.
exactly what I thought as well!
Yes, these results are more about how the words are being used than any lived experience. People are really bad at describing things like this. Especially someone who just went through a colonoscopy.
I commented on this before reading your comment. Yes, the question frames it like its mutually exclusive.
No this is definitely not it. The original version of the experiment actually didn't involve both options but had a more convoluted way to compare them (If I recall correctly half the participants were shown "bank teller" , half were shown "feminist bank teller", and all were shown a common third option and compared the difference with the common answer).
The experiment mentioned here is actually a follow up, which they only made because they effect was so strong they wanted to see if it generalizes even when shown both options.
@@all_so_frivolous That makes so much more sense
What you say is true and true from my own experience, as last year’s summer vacation ended with an earthquake that struck Morocco, and this made me forget all the beautiful moments of the summer vacation.
The peak of this video is enough for me to come back.
'The Linda Problem' has been widely criticized, and in my view rightly so. See, for example 'The Problem With The Linda Problem' by Eric Robert Morse, which illustrates exactly why I felt it was a poorly constructed experiment.
Interesting, commenting to remember this
Yep, my feeling is that the first choice, of "bank teller" is interpreted as "bank teller and not feminist" due to the phrasing of the question and the unusual-ness of the format. Who asks a question where one option is completely a subset of the other, in normal life? Questions normally are used to differentiate between two separate things, and if one option gives you a thing the other option wont unless clearly explained otherwise.
Yeah, when he said it, i thought the second option, because after i heard it, I assumed that the first meant "she's a bank teller (and NOT part of the movement)". While that's an interesting assumption in itself, I don't feel like it was at all because of my mental image of feminism, and much more about how we understand speech and language. (It's very rare that somebody gives you two options that not only aren't mutually exclusive, but one of them entirely includes the other, which I think is why I assumed that wasn't the case).
Oh, the article you mentioned says exactly that. Nice.
@geoffdavids7647 yeah it should be phrased "a bank teller who has a variety of opinions"
The part about the eggplant being a berry and still being cooked as a vegetable reminded of that bit that goes: Knowledge is knowing tomato is a fruit, wisdom is knowing not to put it in a fruit salad
If it's common for pizzas to be eaten with chopped pineapples on them, fruit salads can be made with sliced grape tomatoes.
So knowledge is knowing a thing, and wisdom is also knowing a thing.
@@uninspired3583another way to look at it would be the knowledge is knowing a thing but wisdom is understanding when to use the application of that thing.
Often they go hand in hand, however on the example stated above it’s probably more wise not to include tomatoes in your fruit salad (even if they are a fruit).
@aidan5715 you've just substituted knowing for understanding here though.
Wisdom seems to be a particular kind of knowledge. You can know things without being wise, but you can't be wise without knowledge. "Wisdom" with the absence of knowledge is just lucky.
@@uninspired3583yeah, you missed the more important addition of “understanding *when*…”
So knowledge is knowing the difference between your and you’re. Wisdom is knowing not to point out the mistake in the middle of someone’s presentation (or something, I don’t know).
This explains why people prefer to leave a work at present moment to avoid discomfort and later feel remorse for not doing it at that moment .
I swear half of Veritasium's videos are based on Thinking Fast and Slow and I am here for it
I feel the Linda experiment has a massive flaw. The way language works, people may assume that the lack of explicitly stating Linda is a feminist in option one, vs the explicit statement in option 2, implicitly means that option actually is "Linda is a bank teller AND NOT a feminist". Yes, strictly speaking, that is not included in the statement, but language is often about interpretation and implicit meaning (see the classic "Asbestos free cereal"), and I for one, instinctively arrived at that interpretation. And given Linda's background, when choosing between "Linda is a bank teller and not a feminist" vs. "Linda is a bank teller and a feminist", the latter is clearly more likely. If you were to rephrase the two options as "1: Linda is a bank teller, and may or may not be active in the feminist movement" and "2: Linda is a bank teller and is active in the feminist movement", I would very much suspect that most people correctly pick option 1 as more likely. At the very least, I'd argue that such a phrasing would be necessary to remove the ambiguity from this experiment.
In my mind, this experiment is more demonstrating the interpretation of language, and less some flawed understanding of statistics.
This flaw is also literally IN the Gould quote. He says "She can't JUST be a bank teller". He is implicitly assuming that the bank teller option means Linda is JUST a bank teller and not a feminist.
The need for additional expression to remove ambiguity proves the representation bias in itself. Language reflects people's thinking.
I also tend to prefer more pain, especially on the weekends
Do you play League of Legends perhaps?
@@junba1810 no… it’s rainbow six siege…
@@The-Caged-King yikes, I'm praying for you dude
@@petergao96 if god could help me… he would have done so 2000 hours ago…
@@The-Caged-King
May God bless your soul
That was super interesting and informative. Thank you.
I'm so glad I found this channel.
The whole berry thing has to do with two vernaculars that use the same words and it is confusing. In the scientific vernacular, berries are something specific that has to do with the plants reproduction, in the culinary vernacular berries are something specific that has to do with their culinary use and flavour profile.
Also in the science vernacular, vegetable is a property denoting that something is edible, but in culinary vernacular it is a type of thing that is categorised by it's use in cuisine.
A tomato is a vegetable both culinarily and scientifically, but only in science is it a fruit, a berry, and a vegetable.
exactly, I was confused cause it seems like those examples were completely unrelated to anything else
+1 for a guy who understands that words have multiple meanings that depend on their context. Knowledge is knowing a tomato is a fruit, wisdom is not putting a tomato in a fruit salad.
yeah using that as an example in the video annoyed me a lot
EXACTLY. in my native language there's not even a causal, non scientific word for "berry"
"Vegetable" is not a scientific term
As someone in chronic pain, I don't prefer pain at all. But if your having pain in a part of your body, applying worse pain in another spot will make the original pain magically disappear. Your brain generally only registers the larger pain input. Say you burn your hand on the rack in the oven while pulling out that pizza. You could stomp on a toe and the pain on your hand will no longer be an issue, as long as the toe pain is greater. However, when the pain in your toe fades, the burn pain will return.
Reminds me of a joke my high school math teacher said: "Why do you keep hitting your head against the wall?" "Because it feels good when I stop."
agreed as a migraine sufferer. Before I started taking prescription medication for it, the only thing I could do sometimes was bite the crap out of my arms, hands, and feet just so my brain could focus on pain somewhere else
That's why Dr House intentionally broke his finger because he couldn't take pain meds for his leg
I agree, and as a fellow with chronic pain (migraines, Wilson's disease, Pectus Excavatum also known as palpitations (basically) ), though I may not be able to share your pain or problems, the best and most important is as Derek said at the end, having a peak and a good end. I think we all need more and more joyous / memorable lives, especially now.
@@funsized924Same. Sometimes, I remember a fellow friend of mine in elementary and middle school who may or may not had migraines with me, banged our heads on anything, mostly walls even competing how hard we would be able to do it...
Loved the end!
I was about to share this video with all of my friends until I saw the ad at the end 😂
I ended up sharing with some anyways
People tend to prefer a challenge, but it doesn't need to be painful to be challenging.
People also tend to mistake relief for pleasure.
Mistake is the wrong word. Relief can be extremely pleasurable
Your concept of pleasure is incomplete @@Channel7331
As a chronic pain sufferer… I find it extremely pleasurable to feel relief of the pain…
@@Channel7331this actually has research behind it. Relief is pleasure but it only lasts for an extremely short time
@@Channel7331People frantically looking for a toilet would agree.
I love the subtle nod to the number 37
What where i didnt notice
@@ENDERLEGEND26 8:15
@@Diablo0 ah yes the chalkboard.. damn yall r keen
Thanks for putting out a great video that actually goes over a lot of terms and topics that are covered on the MCAT for the psychology/sociology section. I know that was not your intention but it was fantastic for covering experimental design, test criterion (comparing your test to another already established experiment), the experiencing self verses the remembering self. and several more topics that I've been trying to study and get down for my MCAT test that I'll be taking on august 2nd. That's a really nice latent function of a fascinating science video (or was it the intended function, to teach and familiarize several relevant terms to the topic at hand) I've got more studying to do...
Thanks, I learnt something new again !!
I remember this one study where people were put in a room for fifteen minutes and had the option to wait out the time doing nothing, or shock themselves, and a surprising amount of people chose the shock. I haven’t watched the video yet so I don’t know if this is relevant to it, but it is certainly an interesting study.
Edit: After doing a bit of skimming through the video, I was unable to find a reference to this study. However, I realized that Veritasium did a whole video about boredom a while back, and that actually is where I learned of the study. It’s all coming full circle lol.
Boredom is the greatest agony, and the greatest motivator.
Love and fear pale in comparison to boredoms ability to spur us into action
That's just boredom dude.
Thats a different experiment for a different concept to the one in this video, that experiment explored how the brain prefers bad stimulus to no stimulus at all in certain situations. This experiment is about how the duration of an event is not remembered, rather the key moments of it, the average experience and the end, meaning a longer duration of pain will be remebered more fondly, so long as there is the slightest drop in pain by the end, which changes the average experience and the end, and provides a key moment of noticing a decrease in pain.
Pretty sure Vsauce had a MindField video on that too 😂
All that’s doing is reminding me of the prehistoric SpongeBob scene where primitive SpongeBob and Patrick ancestors pass a jellyfish back-and-forth and keep getting stung.
"Only, I know you love pain. Pain reminds you the joy you felt was real." - Niander Wallace
Surat No. 2 Ayat NO. 28
How can you be ungrateful to Allah Who bestowed life upon you when you were lifeless then He will cause you to die and will again bring you back to life so that you will be returned to Him.
Surat No. 52 Ayat NO. 35
35 Were they created out of nothing, or are they their own creators?
Surat No. 52 Ayat NO. 36
36 Did they create the heavens and the earth? No! They have no
I disagree. Remembering a past joy that is irrecoverable is highly unpleasant. Remembering being in love with someone who left you is one of the most unfavorable experiences that most people can recollect.
Splendid Thumbnail Sir Derek.
14°C water isn't really very cold, if your drink was that temp, you would want to put ice in it.
The "Bank 37" on the wall and ground was a nice touch. :)
Yeah I also saw that and was looking for a comment mentioning it!
A bot copied your comment
37 will show up EVERYWHERE now, won't it
@@jankiprasadsoni6793 thanks for the info lol
"Duration Neglect" - I've never heard of that phenomenon, but now that I have, I can recall *MANY* situations where this came in to play.
My wife isn't a big fan of long trips, but loves "being at places." A couple weeks ago, we did a relatively short road trip - 3 hours to where we'd spend a weekend. last year, we did a *LONG* road trip - multiple days each way to reach where we'd spend a couple weeks.
In both cases, during the driving, she hated it. A couple hours into the drive, "why are we going so far.?.?" - but after just a couple hours at the destination, the length of the drive was totally worth it to her.
Can't relate, I could name multiple vacations where the main thing that sticks out is how much we needed to travel to get to places.
Also I hate flying, airports are basically hell on Earth.
Enjoying the experience 10% more with the tip left in for 3 minutes is *WILD* 😂
Just a thought: Hypothetically, if there were people with, say, 'good memories' who can remember the middle pleasant parts (between the start and ending) more 'fondly' than the rest of those who does not have 'good memories'. Would how the ending was 'carried out' (or executed) have a lesser impact on the overall experience for those said people with 'good memories'.
An example similar to Jen from me would be this-
You have a fulfilling and fun school time. You meet and make friends with people who change your life for the better, and to them by you. Your school is a great place with not only good friends but also good teachers whom you share those memories. As all of you hope to end your school years before going your separate ways with a bang, pandemic hits on a global scale. You haven't met anyone from school, too busy to connect properly because you and everyone else is adjusting to post-pandemic lifestyle. This goes on for three years and now looking back, how would you rate your school experience?
Hope this was understandable, thanks.
Pop-psychology checklist:
- Sounds surprising- Check
- Effect sizes are relatively small- Check
- Sample sizes with minimal- Check
Given that Derek himself made a video about the replication crisis, I'm quite impressed his radar isn't jumping like crazy with this...
Yeah there's a few red flags in the studies he mentioned just from how he described them. The one that stood out to me was the story of the woman with 5 years extra life. Like it's clearly less favourable because, if she was in a car accident, we associate that recovery with suffering so they'd really have to clarify the quality of life to the participants. Then did they also test the responses if those 5 worse years weren't just at the end of her life. I haven't checked the source but it's still good to question these things.
This is an almost pointless comment on a pop-psychology TH-cam channel's video.
@@Ironically-Sarcasticnot really. Some of us like me have just realized on this video hes more into pseudoscience than real science. For literal years I thought his word was simply fact and it genuinely took until THIS video for me to realize the error in thinking that about anyone. You never know who will read your comment and the chain-reaction it could have to fight misinformation.
@@GrabnarMyers You mean he's on TH-cam solely for entertainment of people, not enlightenment?
N=32 kekw like bro what is this
“Time interval is a strange and contradictory matter in the mind. It would be reasonable to suppose that a routine time or an eventless time would seem interminable. It should be so, but it is not. It is the dull eventless times that have no duration whatever. A time splashed with interest, wounded with tragedy, crevassed with joy - that's the time that seems long in the memory. And this is right when you think about it. Eventlessness has no posts to drape duration on. From nothing to nothing is no time at all.” John Steinbeck - East of Eden
An issue I take with the representativeness heuristic is the set up implies set A and not set B (I know this isn’t what’s technically stated but still). Other set ups I’ve seen also have similar issues. For example, the main symptoms of a severe disease are cough, muscle spasms and blotches in vision. A patient has this disease. You ask a doctor what is more likely, that they have a cough or that they have a cough and blotches in vision. Again the first set up _implies_ no blotches and is also the wrong question to ask a doctor. The right question to ask is given the symptoms, what is the probability of this severe disease? And it’s much higher in the latter case
As for the eggplant berry thing- I think that’s just a practical choice no?
“Would you like some berries with your yoghurt”
“Well hold on now, what berries? Literally anything small and sweet or a big wet needs to be cooked zucchini looking thing?”
Thats actually crazy lol! I kinda want to do this experiment now...
The thumbnail on this is Gold Level..
The current thumbnail is too good! hahaha
He went from the "I'm bad at making thumbnails" video a few years ago to "I crafted the perfect thumbnail"
Say what you will about Veritasium videos, but you gotta give it to Derek: the man knows how to make a proper thumbnail.
I went for repairing my broken watch, the repair person kept me waited for like one hour and that whole hour I kept cursing him but at the very last moment I got it repaired by him the same perspective changed I was pleasant to see my watch repaired and never remembered the pain of one hour. It's true and i realized only after watching this video.
OK now we all remembered Headspace, brilliant ad Derek
I prefer bananas more
That's fair ngl
Banana smoothies are kinda fire ngl
Those berries are delicious fr
I hate bananas
Same
That Game of Thrones shade was hilarious!
Brilliant!
Because This is 10% Luck,
20% Skill,
15% Concentrated Power of Will,
5% Pleasure,
50% Pain,
and 100% reason to Remember the name.
Randomness doesn't just refer to mathematical randomness it can also refer to what ww percieve as a chaotic organization as opposed to an ordered one. Saying that boy, girl, boy, girl, boy, girl is more random is not a "mistake" unless you specify that you are talking about liklihood of occurring and not chaos.
I think the reason is it has higher entropy. People see the second configuration as "mixed together", for which many sequences could represent, rather than just the sequence given. Whereas they see "boys and girls separated" for the first, which fewer sequences represent, so seems less likely.
True, that. But then again, I imagine that if one of these researchers were to take it's time to properly present the question in a way that it is clear and unambiguous to the subject, then they wouldn't observe the results that they were after :P
I love this study. We remember the ending and peak experience more than the average experience or duration. Such a lesson in human psyche.
I feel lik everyone watched the ad to the end lol
great vid as always, interesting phenomena and applying it irl im hoping will be positive
it sounds less like rewarding to build incentive and more like warping the image of something, new hidden tech for studying wth
I noticed this method used in various tv shows where theres a small peak in the middle of the episode after that it's just boring but the end makes you excited to watch another episode
crazy how the mind works
7/12 is just one person away from a perfect tie.
yeah, i get what derek was trying to do, but the difference between 12 and 32 in terms of sample size is pretty significant, to the point where 7/12 can easily happen by just random chance (pretty sure the confidence intervals on that 58% are huge and overlap with 50%), so his small-scale recreation is not confidence-inspiring in terms of results. But 22/32 is quite a bit harder to do by random chance, but even then I think we can only accept it in combination with the other studies (videos) that showed similar effects.
the options weren't equal though, one option was more painful than the other so even if 1/12 people chose the more painful one it would still be a question of why
@@harktischrisYeah I computed the confidence intervals out of interest. Essentially there's a 5% chance from the original study that the true value is less than or equal to 50%. So I'd be a bit skeptical unless other studies proved the same, and assuming their experimental procedure was very robust.
Yes, but this was just a recreation for the sake of the video. The paper is what matters more in this case.
It's significant that most people didn't choose the less painful experience. The point is it shouldn't even be close to fifty fifty. The only people who should be choosing the more painful event are the masochists
Veritasium out here lookin’ for the kwisatz haderach…
“I must not fear.
Fear is the mind-killer.
Fear is the little-death that brings total obliteration.
I will face my fear.
I will permit it to pass over me and through me.
And when it has gone past, I will turn the inner eye to see its path.
Where the fear has gone there will be nothing. Only I will remain.” -Paul Atreides
Lisan al Gaib!
"Put your hand in the bucket."
@@timhaldane7588 "what's in the bucket/box?"
@@shabadrandhawa3829
The box contains pain… Will you face your fear and the dreaded Gom Jabbar? Perhaps you are the one we have been waiting for… are you the Voice from the Outer World?
I get microblisters on my hands - a type of eczema. I will give myself 1st degree burns, practically tattoo myself with a sewing needle, or freeze them until they can't move because the new pain wipes out the first pain and is interpreted as relief by my brain. So, yeah, bring on the pain.
Another learning video, thanks
I had my first day at work exceptional, made great efforts for learning AI-ML, India won just now, and before I sleep I see Veritasium's new upload in recommendations. God, Can this day get any better?
Cute dog playing with flowers is at 15:28..... followed by 90s of sponsored content! If I watch the sponsored content then this video is not 'optimized for the end', and I'll have an unconciousably less favourable impressions of the video as a whole. Fortunately I didn't watch the sponsored ad and am therefore more motivated to "like" the video.
This guy got the message.
Linda Problem was incorrectly worded outside the problem. 8:14 "Linda is a bank teller" is more probable than "Linda is a bank teller and an active feminist" but later 8:55 and 9:46 "JUST a bank teller" can be less probable because "JUST a bank teller" is not an active feminst whereas "IS a bank teller" can be a feminist.
Surat No. 2 Ayat NO. 28
How can you be ungrateful to Allah Who bestowed life upon you when you were lifeless then He will cause you to die and will again bring you back to life so that you will be returned to Him.
Surat No. 52 Ayat NO. 35
35 Were they created out of nothing, or are they their own creators?
Surat No. 52 Ayat NO. 36
36 Did they create the heavens and the earth? No! They have no
The "just" that he speaks of is describing the mistake people's bias is making. Your bias is telling you that option A) is that she is "JUST" a bank teller, even though the answer available to you said "IS" a bank teller.
It's still true though right? There are more bank tellers than feminist bank tellers (sadly). The intersection of A ^ B is smaller than A - B.
I don't think the original survey was biased by ppl misunderstanding the problem. I thought some interviewer said he understood the logic that a more specific one must be less likely, but that little homunculus was still shouting or smth
I agree with ImMigrant, both options state that she is a bank teller so you are really just deciding whether or not it is likely she is an active feminist. The addition of the word 'just' is very significant.
In my early college days, my friends and I were helping a senior with their final year psychology project by participating in a similar experiment. We had to place our hand in that bucket of ice and rate our discomfort and then we would be shown a video of someone else doing the same. We would be given the power to tell the other person when they should stop putting their hand in. The catch was that if we forced the person in the video to keep their hand inside for the full 10 minutes, we would be given $20. The video was fake of course but it really showed us which of us had empathy and which of us did not. Was expecting the video to be about this experiment at first but was pleasantly surprised that the topic was even more interesting
8:28 "very bright" doesn't exactly match my mental model of someone protesting nuclear power.
BASED
fallout 4 moment
Probably protesting nuclear weapons, not power...
Linda would probably be spraying orange powder on Stonehenge or something like that nowadays.
@@LuisGustavoBD Ah yes, finally Stonehenge has stopped using oil.
5:10 THAT ESCALLATED QUICKLY.