Making gears by hand without machines - Part 1 - Kosmos
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 23 มี.ค. 2017
- How did clockmakers and watchmakers arrive at the divisions in their gear wheel teeth before the invention of sophisticated tools? We can create very accurate divisions using only simple methods. In this part 1, I show how this is done, as also demonstrated at a horological exhibition last year. In part 2, I show how the teeth are actually cut and filed, by hand.
This process has been used for at least a few thousand years. I first learned of it by watching Michael Wright, of the London Science museum demonstrate this on the BBC. The method has also been published in German and English horological reference books. - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
5 years we patiently waited and no part 2 :(
There is no part two:(((
Just so you know we are still waiting 😎
One of my players in D&D wants to start making clockwork things. Very informative for coming up with stuff to describe how it was done.
Pretty interesting. I greatly enjoy learning how these incredible machines were made with minimally sophisticated equipment.
Fascinating and reminds me of just how much we take for granted these days. Looking forward to part two when it comes along.
That dividing engine is a fantastic piece of mechanical history. I would truly enjoy replicating it.
Very cool to see how this was done before more advanced tools and measuring devices were used.
Looking forward to Part 2!
Yes
same
I would love to see part 2!
Very interesting. Looking forward to part 2
How incredibly disappointing to discover that there is NO part two , as the cutting of the gears is (should be) the ultimate conclusion to this video.......
He only makes a few videos per year... Give him time.
@@albertrasch4793 No hurry. Doomsday is not near!
@@albertrasch4793 It's been over a year by now. In fact it's been so long that TH-cam have forgot I've already viewed this video!
HE TOOK TOO MUCH TIME IN TRYING ERROR, TO FIND THE DIVISION OF A SMALL GEAR.
If that was your machine, how often would you use it? It seems to be a bit of an antique. This is obviously not for everyone, personally I quite enjoyed watching the process.
Leave it to a clock maker to start something and never finish it.
ObiTrev They're out of time...
Great video-- thank you for sharing. I do have one thought to consider: You're too focused on using the divider to 'guess' your way to the proper tooth division distance. Time is money. They were well aware of PI, and the relationship of circumference, and diameter by that time.
Therefore, the most likely solution to allow them to determine caliper width for marking, was a very simple, one-pass process:
I've explained it here:
They were exactly aware of how many turns of the adjusting knob it took on their marking caliper to close or spread the caliper for a specific, common distance in clock work.
Once the circumference is known, and the width of the division is known, all that must be done is that the caliper adjusting knob be brought to zero (legs closed), then turned the appropriate number of times (to open them). Caliper is now the proper dimension for tooth distance, and the wheel can be marked. One pass, no guesswork. Engineering.
Remember-- they did this for centuries-- the stumbling only lasted a few years.
such a great video, exactly what i was looking for. Thank you!
RIP. Part 2 wasn't meant to happen. I feel like this put me on the right track. There is no short cut. We have to use our hands and brain to solve our problems
Very cool video. Don't listen to these morons who say it is boring. I love all the tools associated with clock making. They are extremely fine and controllable tools, but all very substantially and accurately built.
Where is part 2?
Very informative. Thank you!
If I were to become a wheel cutter I would be tempted to make a much larger disc with a centre spigot. Each disc could be marked out very much more accurately because of its greater circumference and a straight edge used to transfer the lines to the wheel blank mounted on the spigot. Very low tech and much easier especially with small wheels. Once made the pre marked master discs would save considerable time. I know this video is a demonstration of dividing but I can't help wishing that you had mentioned how it could have been done without precision drilled index plates.
Great video, packed full of great info! Looking forward for the next one!
And we're all looking forward to see your next video
Dean DK
My first time learning why it's called a divider
I hope you're still planning on doing the next video. I'm looking forward to it.
Thank you for the great lesson.
Beautiful piece of equipment. I'd store it on my kitchen table so show off to everyone. :)
Glad I have watched it to the very end.
why do i find this video soooo satisfying?
verry interesting. i can not wait to see part 2
Very interesting! Please let us have part 2. Thanks!
AMAZING Job!
Just so you know, we're still waiting :D
still waiting
@@-loarado still waiting
@@commentcrafter4158 what happened 😢
@@angelocarantino4803 he time traveled back home
🤣😂🤣
What a beautiful machine.
Quite the cliffhanger of an ending there. I'm looking forward to the next part of this, though 31 seems like rather a lot of tiny file work.
lol i bet but the way you have to do it if you only have dividers
Žzž
"3 years ago"... No new video.
Well that's a little dissapointing...
I was given dividing head that was used with a Boxford lathe. It's quite a big heavy but compact lump of machinery that came in a case with several deciding heads that made gear cutting easy. I have never even taken it out of it's case but I will have a look at it.
Thanks fora n interesting video.
looking forward for part 2
I enjoyed your video. Looking forward to part 2. I actually got onto this partly because my family were watchmakers many years ago and also because I was interested in making my own custom threading tools for work on horn material. Some of this transfers pretty well. So how about showing us how the teeth were actually cut?
waiting for the part interested in the way things were done along time ago keep up the good work
Wonderful ...Just where I am up to. Please do do the next part of cutting the teeth :) . I was pleased to see the dividing and cutting machine. My nutting out some sort of machine to do the same I am pleased to see, is on the right track then.
awesome work
Just found your channel and just subscribed. Very interesting video. I look forward to the next part in the series.
Now for the time saving maths, just after you inscribe the main radius (before you saw anything) take the radius and mutliply it by two then multiply the result by pi (3.14159) e.g. R=12mm, R*2*pi = 75.4mm. Now devide the answer by the number of teeth e.g. 75.4 / 31 gets 2.42mm. Now set your compas to 2.42mm and inscribe a semi circle to the circumference, from the centre of that circle mark a point on the circumference and from there draw another semi circle. Mark half the disc this way clockwise, then start back from the top and do the same counter clockwise (this is to reduce the cumulative error) and your done. If you do this for a larger wheel you will see that these circles intersect a two points, draw a line linking these two points to the outer circumference these intersection points is the marks you are after!
This sir is a good video hope there’s part two coming
When do we get part 2?
I'd like to see part 2!
Nice video. When using with the dividers and changing the distance, if you use fresh ink between changing the scratch marks you'll be able to keep better track of the marks you just made over the old one. I use the fresh ink method all the time when marking parts for machining then changing my mind about where to cut.
Thanks for the history lesson and the interesting knowledge.
Best Wishes n Blessings. Keith
Loved this video. "Near as dammit" will become part of my lexicon!
please please post part two!
I feel like part 2 is just around the corner! 🤪
🤣🤣🤣
Î'm looking foreward to the next partl
I really enjoyed the video and the information it conveyed. It was a bit slow for my likes so I just increased the play speed to 1.5. The voice sound changes very little and is clearly understandable. I call it a win/win. :-) Thanks for posting this video.
I listened at 3.5 times speed and it was perfect
I just love this video
Nice work
We have a weelcutingmachine like this in our company museum :) we started in the 18hundrets with clock parts and two people in their private houses :) now we are world leaders in diamond polished and cutted surfaces and count over 170 employes :) the company had these weelcutting machines wich were powerd by a leather strap connected to a watermill :) now we count hundrets of cnc machines in our company ... cracy how far the technology has come and i am proud to do my aprenticeship in the company to be a part of it :)
Vraiment merci beaucoup pour tout!!!.
I am amazed the work is not scored into say quarters which would give an indication of accuracy before completing all the marks. Even a centre line would mean the opposite tooth should be bisected. I can't believe clockmakers didn't make it easy for themselves.
Where is the second part?
Clickspring has a great video as well describing ancient wheel cutting
The (B.C.) Antykithera Computer is an extra ordinary example: Centres are so critical.
This is why clock makers were very rich men.
I hate waiting for the sequel. When will we see part two?
Thanks for part one.
7:20 and 18:10 Those are very handy for people who don't have fancy tools.
I'm ready!
i imagiine if you use that last method you might have already a set of markers/deviders with the correct width for the number of teeth/size of wheel you want to make. like two pins a set distance from each other
for my school watch iim hopiing to do some wheels with the slot cutter, topping tool, ingold fraise method. perhaps i will make a video.
For sheet metal work, the method of similar triangles and parallel divisions would be used to get the gear pitch.
I would love to hear more about those three nails lathes you mentioned.
They might have used something like a straight edge knurling wheel to get the position of teeth.
A knurling tool if slightly out , is pressed in slightly more and eventually it meshes perfectly. If the cuts arent deep enough it still gives the positions to file down.
SUPER INFO !!!
Any progress with part two? I've been pressing refresh for 4 years
Well spoken, as always, and very interesting topic, as always! :) I recently learned of Micheal Wright and his work, he studied and built a replica of the Antikythera mechanism. Fascinating stuff!
Part 2 please!
Kosmos, thanks for this video! I just want to ask to give us the other parts! It's too bad there is no part after months!
About on how to divide the wheel: since everybody is saying what they think, here are my thoughts: I'm not sure if there weren't people who did this but I would simply get the circumference size by doing 2 times pi times radius and divided properly by the number of teethes plus one to get the section size for the desired number of teethes. And them, using a ruler (I'm not sure if it was available a somewhat precise ruler - surely not in centimeters), I could get the proper arc for the tool used to mark the blank disc just for the sake of the video.
This is Great.
this is so interesting thank you for this video I have subscribed we should all know this information I may have a go at making a pair of dividers
I like your table sir :)
That's got to be about the most interesting videos I've watched in a long time, thanks. I really hope you're going to film the next part.
Dividing a circle into a small number of equal divisions is easy using the scribe, but for unusual numbers like 31 you would probably want a premarked blank you can copy from. Which is basically the precursor to your marking wheel. A method you might use is to scribe a straight line onto some brass, open a scribe to the width you want your teeth set to. Scibe the required number of divisions along the foil, then when you stop at 31 you have a line the length of the circumference of your desired gear, with correct divisions. The problem then is to transfer that to into a circle. You could use pi to get the radius from the circmference. Or if you scribed into a strip of metal you could join the ends together to get a tube, as long as it's not badly warped that will give you the radius. There might be other ways to use this method more accurately.
wow so sad part 2 never got made, i was really curious
Wheres part two? You've got me interested now!
I love your work .It is very awesome .I hope one day i will make orrery or armilary sphere.by use your trick.
excellent.
i love to know how people worked before modern technology!
Is the part 2 video released ? cant find it..
I am also looking forward to parts, 2, 3, 4.... ☺️
I'mmmm Back! Just looking for Part 2.
Without machines, but with instruments that require precision machines to be manufactured.
I was really hoping to see you get three big nails and bang them into the desk... I'm really intrigued by this, please do a video on it!
YES!
It is called a bow lathe
Its a great amazing video!
Im new in this amazing world! I want to be a watchmaker! Can you make like a list or a video mention the tools like you show now? Please! That can help us a lot to start buy them and start real good in this world! Thanks a lot!!!
Very interesting. Second part coming soon?
Part 2?
It also is an excellent technique for fighting insomnia. gn. probably made my night.
Once you have set your initial divider and found what your accumulated error was from your planned number of teeth, use that error to calculate a new radius for your circle, then scribe a new circle with a different divider. Do not change your setting for the tooth spacing, but use it on the new circle diameter. A much easier way to get about as close as you can, in only two attempts...
Anyone patient enough to watch this video all the way through, is patient enough to scribe a whole clock tower with their fingernails.
Then I can't imagine what capable of are people patient enough to wait for part 2 ^.^
where is part two please ?
me too!
@@alexanderstohr4198 - we're still waiting!!!
Now how did they make a coping saw blade? Chiseling edge on steel band?
yes, i think so. it would have been a bow saw, with a narrow blade, maybe, so it could turn. earliest saw blades were bronze i think; all of them larger than the coping saw used in the video here. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow_saw
I was amazed at how the clockmakers of olden times made clock gears from brass castings. I am still puzzled as to how they made the saw blades for cutting brass at that primitive day. Do you have any knowledge of how they made the tools necessary to work in miniature at that early day?
Have you seen how clickspring did the deviding on his latest project? Basically he made the circle to be devided much larger then the gear to be cut, and the projected the spacing back onto the gear, thus making the deviding a lot easyer and more precise, still using only a pair of deviders like you did here. cheers.
That was my thought. Why not start with a large wheel, say the size of a wagon wheel, and cut, by hand, a large number of teeth, e.g. 360. These can be marked out using the same method of walking the divider along the edge. Now a much smaller blank can be placed at the center of the large wheel which can be rotated an approprite number of teeth for the gear to be cut. Any error in the layout of the large wheel is reduced substantuaily in the smaller gear.
Flip de boer Exactly what I was thinking. I was utterly fascinated by Clickspring's technique and the result. His use of marking fluid also made it very clear what was happening.
You're missing the point. He's showing how a gear is cut before the dividing circle concept came about.
It's not clear when the dividing plate came about, but the Antikythera mechanism that Clickspring is reproducing is 2000 years old and contains some pretty small gears with a multitude and unusual numbers of teeth. Something along the lines of a dividing plate seems like a necessity, at least in its case.
They had CNC machines back then. LOL!
when will you be doing part 2?
You're a wizard Kosmos Horology
Very interesting and impressive video. When you adjusted the dividers to make 31 rather than 32 divisions on the circumference, manually!!!!! I thought "Holy C@#p", this guy is good. I thought a geometric technique must have been used, not trial and error as you did. Perhaps geometric techniques would have been used to make the dividing plate which is the template from which many accurate wheels could be made. This is a very good explanation of how clock wheels were made at the earliest time. I like your presentation method. Slow enough for students to take in the significance of each comment. And like many of the other comments below, I too want to see PART 2. Stop teasing us. Finally, I think this explains how the Antikythera mechanism was made in ancient greek times. Even so, that device inspires awe in anybody who can appreciate how far in advance of European clock maker it's creator was. Thanks again for this video, now please give us your promised PART 2. Cheers.
A nice tool a machine you have there. Great lesson on copper brass forging, material was not always a buzz away to get in your shop. Nice first lesson I might wonder if you will come back to complete the lesson of how gears used to have to be made before the manual then electric engine, again gear teeth were not easy to make during this same materials times.
Very interesting, sad there is no part 2 yet :(
Is there still any plans for a part two? Such little information on the original tools for this fine craft.
Perhaps a much larger disk could be made and a tape or rope of length equal to the circumference could be more easily divided into equal length segments. The tape or rope could be wrapped around the disk and the marks transferred to the disk, then the wheel blank could be clamped to the disk and a straight edge from the common center of the blank and large disk could be used to divide the blank to match the large disk.
cphank151
GOD! THANK YOU!
You've just described how to make a dividing plate. Although it's not significantly more difficult to mark the wheel directly as opposed to a straight tape unless you wish the marks to come out at intervals that lend themselves to doing it by folding.