How Plants Became Meat Eaters
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 ก.ย. 2024
- Carnivorous plants capture the imagination because they are so unlike any other plant with their elaborate and sometimes beautiful traps. Seeing as how plants are defined by their ability to create their own food how did some of them take such a different evolutionary pathway.
Thank you to the patrons WokeOak, Dan Smith, David van der Roest, Steve Black, Curlynet Cables and Mathew John Treacey who aren’t listed in this video because it was made before the last uploaded video.
To support me on Patreon (thank you): / mothlightmedia
To donate to my PayPal (thank you): www.paypal.me/...
To buy merchandise: teespring.com/...
Email: mothlightmedia@outlook.com
If I have used artwork that belongs to you but have neglected to credit it this will just be because I was unable to find one. If this has happened please contact me and I will add a credit.
Some Art work has been altered for the purposes of bettering them for video format; these alterations were done independent from the artists who created the original work, so they are not responsible for any inaccuracies that could have occurred with the changes being made.
Some footage in this video came from these channels; check them out if you want to:
• Woodlouse escapes Sund...
• Plants eating insects
• Carnivorous Bladderwor...
Sources:
www.biodiversi...
nph.onlinelibr...
www.sarracenia....
www.nature.com...
www.newscienti...
legacy.carnivor...
www.journals.u...
www.insidescie...
www.ncbi.nlm.n...
atlasofscience...
An important part of evolution:
"Why would you go to such lengths to live in such a horrible place?"
"The nice places are crowded, so I can actually get a better deal here."
The 1 evolutionary trick social engineers don’t want you to know!
mmo overcrowded maps in a nutshell.
Ahh yes the wise bird from avatar.
you're not very bright are you?
@@David-yv8zk ya wanna get the crono virus
“I’m tired of drinking water. I wanna CHEW!”
Lmaoooo, I watched that video after I watched this one
CalebCity
I immediately thought of CalebCity when I read the title of the vid 😂
you CRAY-Z! YOU cray-Z! YOU cray-Z!
🤣
3:13 RIP the homie, died from a single drop of water.
There was a Kurzgesagt video that explained why this happens. th-cam.com/video/f7KSfjv4Oq0/w-d-xo.html
You act like water isn’t a quicksand-like deathtrap for all terrestrial animals that size.
Didn't that happen in Naruto?
@@michaelmccarty1327 its too small and weak to break the surface tension of water so its stuck in there
@@Villosa64 yeah imagine getting stuck in a thick liquid bubble you cant break the surface of.. terrifying
everybody gangsta till the salad bites back
Even the salad eats meat
🤣🤣🤣
🤣🤣🤣🥗💀
@@lofiseeker1790 thats how you end veganism
@@VeganAncientDragonKnight Pretty sure there's a fungus that eats radiation, There's also some fungi types that digest rocks. Oh, and some bacteria that live in empty lava tubes (still scorching hot) and feed on the chemical soup residue.
Extremophiles are terrifying in concept, kind of like Humans and our Endurance Hunting but smaller scale.
I love how you broke down the process of how and why such specialized adaptations evolved, that is one of the things I find most interesting about biology and such.
so few people really talk about how and why these shifts might have happened and just note what physical part turned it whatever part and then says pressures selected to get here. but when you look at what before and after is much of the change points would seem to provide no real advantage, in fact, be a hindrance till the got much closer to the fully adapted part we see now,
Yeah. It's why everything with a skeleton has four limbs max. Extra sets of stubby not-limbs offer no advantage. Limb girdles for extra pairs of limbs would obstruct organs and reduce flexibility with no immediate advantage too.
@@vitriolicAmaranth It's also why every vertebrate has a nerve that loops all the way down around the aorta back up to the larynx. Evolution can easily add a few millimeters to a nerve. Rerouting it is hard and would require a perfect storm of mutations all at once, for little or no selective advantage.
To say it adapted is in-genuine. They are no less adapting than we are. All that happened was that there were babies who were born different. Though who survived had more babies who are also different but closer in attributes to their parents than the whole specie, and so on and so. If a baby was strong, by what makes you strong in that specie, you survived more, which means your kids probably survived more, and so. Kind of like how royal families can go on for thousands of years while most family names die out after few generations. What you strong, what made that baby survive? Well it just slightly stickier than any other plants, and it had more kids who were more slightly sticker than the rest, so in an equal field it could capture food in shorter time and live longer, it was more likely to pass on its DNA. If a that plant's offspring isn't as slicky, well, that slight mutation dies out with. In a population of a 100, if everyone survives equally, they will mostly always 1% of population. But if 1 of those have disproportionate growth many times, like having more kids than the rest, continuous, that 1% grows to eventually cover 99.9999...%.
@@deepdive1338 that is adaptation, dude. I’m giving you the benefit of the doubt in hoping you aren’t a creationist, but you sound like you are trying to redefine evolution and adaptation like they do.
@@lordfelidae4505 1) I wouldn't rule out creationism, after all, evolution can be considered creationism looked at on a longer time scale.
2) if adaption is reacting to your environment, this is not adaption. I would be hard pressed to say anything adaptes as such. I think we can talk about which organisms are well adapted and which are not, but I don't think they actually adapt. At most they respond physically to stimuli but mostly it's pure chance mutation
„Only their traps don’t suck“
They are trying their best 😔
UwU plant-senpai, digest me with your enzymes ! I want to fully become a part of you ! I want to feel your acidic juices breaking me apart and being processed as food by your mighty cells. The only thing a fly like me would aspire to be... oh wait. Plant-senpai died of cringe because of me ! Perfect. My plan worked. -- flies away
@@myrmyxo that was so cringey it reverted back to being funny, lol
I wanna give a like but your at 69
Can't suck? That really sucks.
myrmyxo How did I survive reading this?
Surprised you did not mention a bit of a caveat these plants need to pull off the utilization of their traps; they need ample sunlight and water to make up the extra sugars and digestive enzymes (if employed - there are a couple that just rely on bacteria or digestion by proxy) to capture and break down prey. Fortunately these are plentiful in the bogs and seeps they inhabit, since the waterlogged, acidic conditions that make nitrates and phosphates hard to come by keeps larger, shade casting plants from competing for light.
@itsasin1969 Thats right, plants do thrive on light, but these dont need that much of it for survival because of the adaptations.
@@danielkrajicek5323 They need MORE light because of the adaptations! Unlike photosynthesis, carnivory does not supply these plants with any energy (sugar), only nutrients, so it's soil and fertilizer that they need less of. However, all methods of trapping prey consume "extra" energy, which needs to come from photosynthesis.
@@phoneguy4637 I was not trying to say that they do not need light, neither that they dont thrive on great light. I understand that if you want to grow them like you said, so they are big and strong, they need much light just like most of plant species. I was just trying to say that in nature, they can survive (not thrive) with not much sunlight, right? That is why they grow in areas where most plants cannot survive, that is part of their adaptation, they dont stretch for light as much as other plants do, nor do they grow in the brightest light, am I not correct? Thanks for your comments guys.
Daniel Krajíček the bulk of carnivorous plants are not shade-tolerant; they require more light than many other plants in their respective ranges and are only able to handle competition among even bog grasses when low nutrient levels and flooding exclude them or fire/frost clears them. Sarracenia populations, in particular, are aided by low temperature fires for this reason. The production of extra sugar for attracting and capturing prey - plus digestive enzymes for all but the facultative carnivores - require more sunlight.
There are a couple of species that are capable of bolting in lower light (you see it in longer internodes in Nepenthes vines), but plants that grow from a compact rosette or submerged rhizome are not really equipped to bolt for sunlight in shaded conditions. They will, however, bend in phototropism and produce fewer anthocyanin pigments when sun-starved, like most plants. On the whole, most genera of carnivorous plants need to grow in clearings, but fortunately the conditions that pressure plants into developing adaptations to capture prey for nutrients also keep shade-casting competition at bay.
Alpha Centauri - when someone makes an excellent, comprehensive yet concise informative video like this, but doesn’t address something that people unfamiliar with these plants frequently get wrong, people are allowed to be surprised by things. Each moment in the video when I started thinking “nice, but what about...” the creator addressed it fluidly, so omissions are worth remarking upon. Any collector/grower of carnivorous plants is very aware of their need for ample light, so it popped out as being left out, however unnecessary or otherwise it may have been to include.
TierZoo should do a tier list on carnivorous plants, given how relevant they are in metas with poor soil quality, like bogs.
I'm now subscribed to both channels, and waiting for the crossover.
PBS Eons did the same topic 5 days ago. Same title, but Meat Eaters became Carnivores, I think.
aside from being a really interesting topic, i think this is one of your better videos in terms of the pacing and rhythm of the narration. made 10 minutes feel like about 2 👍
I love how everything in nature build upon what already exists- I know it is obvious but before you learn or understand evolution it all seems random or unique.
Congratulations on outsmarting Eons on this one!
And I can definitely say that your video was the best one at explaining how carnivory came about.
Please do more evolution of plants videos, no one else is doing this nearly as well as you.
Yes! I feel like plant evolution is way underrated!
I live on a tropical island that doesn't have a lot of animals so I spend most of my time outdoors viewing plants, and the diversity amazes me every day!
I have so many questions and ideas about their evolution but there are so few channels that are willing to talk about them in detail.
We need more videos that show how exciting and detailed the world and interactions of plants are!
@@bookerrobinson5679 absolutely! Plants never cease to amaze, they have the most incredible mechanisms since they (mostly) don't have behaviour to get around problems
What's that island you live on?
@@Jeuro38 I live in Puerto Rico.
There are non native snakes, iguanas, and rats. But other than them the wild life is mainly small birds and the occasional bird of prey.
PBS Eons did the same topic 5 days ago. Same title, but Meat Eaters became Carnivores.They copied him! Heh. See:
th-cam.com/video/aGJ7tg0ifmo/w-d-xo.html
"I'm a vegetarian"
Plants: *Uno Reverse*
That poor rattata didn't stand a chance when he fell in to weepingbells mouth
Victreebel
They’re like the vegans of the plant family.
if only they were as big as vegans then the plant could fight back
CommanderM117 now watch little shop of horrors (1986) and say that again
@@CrabMushroom FEED ME Seymour
CommanderM117 FEED ME all night long!
@@CommanderM117 plants finally rebelling against the vegans
I wonder how much farther they will evolve. Maybe in 3 million years the Venus Flytrap will have teeth made out of thorns.
More like died out. They are diying off in nature only human mades will survive the will not change
After 60 million years: PLANT-PEOPLE
Last year I sowed some Teasel seeds, which are now in flower. This was the first time I had a really good look at them, noticing that where the leaves join the stems, there's a deep pocket of water. looking inside, the water was full of drowned bugs, looked up the possibility of Teasel being carnivorous - and discovered that Charles Darwin's son had thought along the same lines.
I doubt plants stop evolving, even when they have such a clever system as the Venus FlyTrap or the Pitcher. I wonder what the descendants of my Teasels will do?
Om nom nom
Probably remian the same or be extinct.... don't forgot 99 percent of life on earth has gone.
I'd heard that sheep brambles are carnivorous, but on reflection that may be a legend.
Technically yes and but technically no. They don't digest anything but they do tangle up sheep and those sheep will starve to death become fertilizer for the bramble.
@@wafflemaster59 Yeah, but that could be a coincidence with domestic sheep, there's no reason to think they evolved for that purpose
Limey Lassen maybe with thousands of years of coexistence they’d become more evolved to be adept sheep killers
@@LimeyLassen it's not coincidence however as they have hooks that curve inward, almost like they're designed to snatch and tangle prey, as opposed to ordinary defensive thorns which would just stick straight outward
@@ryan.1990 that's all subjective. Personally I doubt those brambles evolved curved thorns to snare farmer's sheep.
BEST EVOLUTION VIDS
Still waiting for BBC's "Green Planet" compliment to Blue Planet, guess that's gonna be postponed by CV too.
Is it in the pipeline? 😍
In the meantime you should watch 'The Private Life of Plants'.
@@malleableconcrete Thank you so much! I am going there - now! 😃💚💚💚💚
Maybe Netflix not BBC
@@jakobraahauge7299 Yeah it was supposed to be the next to come out after Seven Worlds One Planet. All about plants and narrated by good ol' David.
Should be interesting when it eventually drops.
I really like the way you speak, because you speak clearly and easy to understand, which makes more complex videos like this more accessible for young non-natives like me :)
Great video, I totally understood the matter and it was really interesting!
"Only, their traps don't suck" priceless
Great subject, the venus fly trap is native to the wetland parts of my state and I've got one growing on my back deck in a small pot. It catches so many insects that I rarely see an open trap. Thanks for providing real, interesting, educational content!
this video makes me want to start breeding carnivorous plants until I get a marlboro.
Plants are always left on the side when making evolution videos, yet they have the most amazing evolutionary adaptations, like how unrelated plants converge on the same trunk, leaves , or fruit shap etc....
Thorn bushes are definitely a type of trap plant too. Backwards facing thorns let you get in and keep you from getting out. Sheep herders could easily lose strays to them. They get trapped in the coat, die, and their nutrients enriches the ground; feeding the bush.
I love this channel and was overjoyed to learn more about carnivorous plants! thank you for such accessible information!
Legit one of the best videos ive ever seen. Great explanations, great animations, great topic. I subscribed
I got a Sarracenia pitcher plant at Christmas, after looking up how to care for it, the great algorithm in the sky deemed it necessary to suggest to me this video.
I've been subbed to Moth Light for about a year now. Every now & again the algorithm will push me a ML video I haven't seen before & they're always very interesting.
Finally the algorithm has given me something mildly useful, but still interesting.
That was a great video. Nice to see the small steps that can lead to something so complicated as a fly trap. Never realized they were modified leaves
It was a lovely surprise to find that the most replayed part of the video is when the little frogs appear in the bromelia leaves :]
Sublime, as always! I'm reminded of the novel The Life of Pi, in which an entire island is revealed to be a carnivorous trap.
Really boring name. What does Pi have to do with the island?
@@logicallegends1663 What are you babbling about?
chewybunz I am asking about the plot of the book and what it has to do with Pi. I’m commenting on the fact that Pi is a really boring math concept.
@@logicallegends1663 Friend...The Life of Pi, award-winning novel, Oscar -winning film. Nothing to do with mathematics! Do a bit of research!
Yo, I‘m studying biology and I like your content.
I‘d like to add some info to the plant which had a rat inside at the beginning.
My botanics professor likes to talk about them they actually feed off the dump these rodents put into the plant, which is nutrient-rich at least for the plants.
The dead rat found inside was either an accident or its even fake news.;)
Nepenthes?
Its not a fake news, its surprising the ammount of case known. Attenboroughii and rajah are known from nature but it happened dozens of times in botanical gardens and in specialised nursery like borneo exotics or Exotica plants.
Indeed, its always a mistake by the rodents
There's a picture of a small bird stuck in a pitcher plant.
It's not too uncommon for small rodents and birds to end up in a large nepenthes pitcher.
Some may even be specialised for it, looking at their size.
Some Nepenthes species are better at catching ants, some are adabted for attracting certain mammals and being used as a toilet by them.
There are many different kinds.
I LOVE when you include simple and easy-to-understand explanations of how something had to have evolved to become what it is and describe the kinds of steps that would have been necessary for the organism to evolve to have its specific features. I notice that this is a constant problem for people who question or deny the fact of evolution and these kinds of videos help so much to leave nothing unanswered. Cheers to everyone involved in writing & creating them!
Make a vid about arthropod evolution! I could never wrap my head around how segmented exoskeletons formed
I love this channel. Thank you for having the passion for science yet keeping to the facts.
Feed me, Seymour!
“I’m tired of drinkin, I wanna C H E W”
-Venus Flytrap
Amazing video!!! Would love a video discussing the many different families of theropods and their evolution!
Nice illustration of the evolutionary process ! Also thank you for putting the references in the description.
Was considering subbing and then saw this video. I can't resist a video on carnivorous plants...so subbed.
I really struggled fully grasping how things evolved so extremely but you showing the likely process really helped along with the diagrams.
It's so fasinating the differences in species, the similarities and the whole evolution timeline.
You didn’t explain clearly that how was that motor function of leaves evolved at the first place.
This function exist in most other plants. It is not special.
He kinda did though? Sticky leaves that retract on the top when touched were better at holding prey because even a slight bend would increase the amount of sticky material holding the prey in place, and more of a bend and a faster bend continued to offer more of an advantage as it would secure prey more effectively while ensuring larger animals didn't steal it. In time some of these plants were so well adapted to snapping shut quickly and wholly enclosing prey that the stickiness was basically a vestigial (obsolete or redundant) feature and became less apparent, hence venus flytraps.
Because it *didn't* evolve and they *know* this!
@@TimothyChapman explain
@@noahway13 All of the plant's functions are coded into the plant's DNA. The DNA stores a literal computer program that builds-up the mechanisms that enable the plant to function the way it does. It is impossible for the plant to gain any of its functions through a series of slight, random modifications. You'll just end up with a dead plant.
You're video style really clicks with me. I truely enjoy the way you put out information 😁
Fly fell in, they were like, hey, I'll give it a try. It probably tastes like chicken......
Gee, I can’t believe such educational content like this is free
A year on this channel and still has less than 100k subs. Hope you get bigger, your content is amazing
Incredibly, I was eating a Star Fruit (I live in Jamaica) when the image of one appeared. Great video. Perfect for demonstrating that evolution is real to bible-thumpers.
JCO2002 yum!
Not sure about other english speaking countries but we have star fruit in the US. Families from southeast asia often grow them in the tropical states and I think grocers import them. I haven't had one in years though.
Great vid I can never find evolution vids for plants especially as good as these so I hope you do more along with regular animal evolution!
PBS Eons did the same topic 5 days ago. Same title, but Meat Eaters became Carnivores.They copied him! Heh. See:
th-cam.com/video/aGJ7tg0ifmo/w-d-xo.html
Today is my birthday, this is an amazing gift
The Newfoundland Pitcher doesn't create the digestive enzyme. They need a specific type of mosquito larva to break down any insects or amphibians into a matter the plant can absorb.
super good explanations. finally some answers bout these crazy things :)
Plants: "Vegetarians Have Been Eating Only Us! Now It's Time To Eat Them!"
0:42 "plonk" the best vignette on TH-cam!
Thanks for the video. I was just wondering this yesterday.
That spider is freaking horrifying
No.... he is acute boii
@@hailgiratinathetruegod7564 he's not I'm glad that plant killed him
The Venus fly trap was tired of drinking water, he wanted to *eat.*
just yesterday i found out that venus fly traps are only native to the area i live in, North and South Carolina. i'm really surprised i didn't learn this sooner, but it makes me very happy cus venus fly traps are super cool
Love your advanced answers to often overlooked subjects
Every now and again the TH-cam algorithm suggests me a great channel that I wish I knew about forever
Def subscribed will go through your channel mostly audibly in the next few weeks
This channel keeps getting better and better
I would actually always like to see the bigger picture of phylogeny of everything. I'd also like to see what's synapomorphies are relevant to each major type of organism discussed. The common name is really help. I think going into their etymologies also help retain the knowledge for your viewers
I have been growing venus flytraps, cephalotus and heliamphora on my window sill for years. Nice video
I'd like more in detail on the funnel trap plants if you're ever considering expanding and doing more videos on carnivorous plants
I think your explanation of the evolution of the Venus was well considered. I must admit it flummoxed me when I considered it.
Wooo now everything makes sense.
I was wondering how the Flytraps evolved, but if they descended from other carnivorous plants, that simplifies things by a lot
I just want to point out that even if rajah produce the largest trap by volume, there is definitely bigger nepenthes, especially in the large vining ones (the plant itslef)
I'm not sure which is my favorite, the Sundew or Venus Flytrap, both are pretty fascinating.
Salad: the snack that smiles back
Unusual subject, but as always, Moth Light Media makes it interesting and cranks out facts I previously didn't know........
A bog near my house has pitcher plants
Great idea for a Video @MothLight. I hope this one takes off!
7:27 RIP to pillbug bro 😢
fly at 1:29 trying to save its pal
Awesome channel! If you take requests I’d love to see a video on paleoxodon namadicus and how it might be one of the largest land mammals ever!
Magnificent video, I really liked it. Thanks!
"... has traps similar to any other member of the group, only their traps don't suck ..."
Really awesome and informative video, I don't know much about carnivorous plants or their evolution, and watching your video really filled in some of the gaps for me so thanks! :)
One thing I do want to mention though is that the plant @ 6:09 in the video could be a member of Pinguicula (also called Butterworts) I'm not 100% sure but I think they're a separate family from Drosera (Sundews).
Butterworts do act very similarly to the Sundews in how they catch their prey, except the Butterworts are much more basic. Instead of being able to wrap the leaf around the insect, like the mighty Sundew can, they release a mucus like substance that encases the insect, more mucus is released the more the insect moves, only some are able to bend their leaves and even those that can, failed in gymnastics and can only bend the edge very slightly.
I'm not sure what anyone else's thoughts are but maybe the Drosera are just highly evolved Butterworts?
or maybe I'm just an idiot who doesn't understand anything about carnivorous plants...who knows
All my info about Butterworts was taken from here en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinguicula
P.S Good on you for reading this far, stay awesome you funky little fuzznuzzle
This channel deserves more subs
Very fascinating is the world around us, so many never see the wonder and power of nature, THANKS for the look at one of the lesser known things in our amazing world.
Great choice of topic, this is not discussed often in sci circles.
Most are found near and around bogs and swamps or even underwater (bladderwort (utricularia sp.)). However, some can be found in meadows, the middle of the road (threadleaf sundew (drosera filiformis)) and a few lives in an arid environment (butterwort (pingucula)).
The pineapples fact certainly blowed me away !
Awesome videos. I live in upstate new york .u.s.a. We have several carnivorous plants in this area , 3 kinds of pitcher plants most common being the purple pitcher , we has sun and star dews in forever wild zones. They are extremely sensitive to environmental disturbances. The moss they choose to grow around also dies when mearly stepped on. You can actually see animal tracks in the moss occasionally from that situation. Id be happy to take pictures if i can get up into the mountain swamps. I THINK , though far from certain , people can view a "sample" of the areas wilderness. PaulSmiths collage in gabriels/onciota new york area has nature trails for untouched habitat viewing. They laid down boardwalk in the swamp area to see said pitcjer plants and what-not. it is genuinely untouched besides that trail. They used to have remote view cameras people could access online and look at the differant habbitats of the adirondacks. Im not sure if many people know this but the north eastern adirondack mountains have a unique look. Its a mix of arctic tundra and swamp and spots of truely old woods...we have lots of stuff that "doesn't exist" here like english moss hanging from the trees , not to be confised with "old mans beard" lycans. Though it looks similar. Lycans carpet the area heavily. If its on the ground and not a tree or is not a moss or a blueberry shrub, its a lycan . they are that well established. I can saddly see the recession of their habitat...there is alot of dead area around the perimeter of the forest where it becomes abit sparse naturally as it transitions from woodlands into fields or whatever...i can see where the lycans died in that area and nothing has filled their places ...it looks like dead coral on highly mineralized sand .
I didnt know bog like areas had poor fossil preservation but it does make sense.
Death by lollipop hugging
This channel is amazing. Great video
Yeah, that. OR CalebCity's "the first plant to become a venus fly trap"
A friend of mine had a plant. It’s a mean one. Fed it raw hamburger. I think it’s name/ genus was hairius vaginus. You should see that thing eat. I don’t think that there’s any living thing that it wouldn’t eat.
You deserve more subs
I hope you can do a video about the evolution of orchids because they are the most diverse family of flowering plants
Yeah I first saw Venus Fly Traps at Home Depot years ago!!
Awesome! Will you cover mimosas as well? I mean the plants, not the drinks..
Very well done! Most of your videos are very good, but this was great.
N. rajah is not the largest carnivorous plant.
Nepenthes bicalarata is a larger plant I believe, though rajah has larger traps. And Triphyophyllum is the largest known carnivorous plant.
Oh hell yeah a plant video 😻😻
i had a very small venus flytryp in my bedroom and it actually captured alot of small flies. I didnt even know we had that many flies in our house. But for some reason, whenever the plant catched a fly, the mouth would never open again and just simply turn yellow and fall off. Then the plant would just grow several new mouths, because the older mouths kept dying off. No idea if this kind of behavior was normal or if I did something wrong. I was a kid after all
Please tell more about the tissues involved for the movement in the venus flytrap and others.
i love
the part where he says
]plant
Beautiful....❤Which books do you prefer for further reading ??
So interesting! Well done!!!
Bro I read the title as metal eaters...My mind was blown