11. Introduction to Neuroscience II
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 31 ม.ค. 2011
- (April 23, 2010) Patrick House discusses memories and how they are formed. Dana Turker then lectures about the autonomic nervous system and its functions.
Stanford University
www.stanford.edu
Stanford Department of Biology
biology.stanford.edu/
Stanford University Channel on TH-cam
/ stanford
It brings me joy to watch uni students in an "introduction to neuroscience" class giggle and laugh at the word "orgasm" ..
Americans be like
@@fionafiona1146 double fiona’s be like:
A foreign concept to most. Truly a wonder what it is
it would be nice if the camera looked at the powerpoint when the speaker was referring to it... as good as the hair looks
The cameraman is kind of high, it's not only in this lecture but throughout Sapolsky's course.
It was intended that the images were to be added to this video in edition, like in the class before. So focus your anger in the video editor, not the camera person. :)
@@digocr or focus your anger on the TAs who didn't turn in the slides to the poor video editor sending out emails with Object "your materials people!" in time for the upload (kudos to Dana and Nathan!)
@@vittorianenna7377 whOoo! :O And I focused my anger on the wrong person for an year! I'm so sorry
Relax guys, we get this lecture for free
Patrick's lecturing style feels very Sapolsky inspired - which is a hard style to pull off so kudos.
I feel like they both tried to touch on that Sapolsky humor...I liked listening to them both but I sort of felt like Patrick was speaking more to people...Dana was almost speaking more to robots
girls bad Bois good
I was just about to say the same thing
Very hard to sound so natural when delivering very complex information and to never say "um" in the process.
How does patrick look now? Like sapolsky? I don't think so.. Sapolsky is far more damn-care (his eyes say so) than patrick..
Patrick is really good at explaining and travelling between lower and higher levels of explanation depth.
He’s relaxed and confident. Great lecture!
Yes!
I wonder if Sapolsky's beard had a fight with Patrick's fro, who wins?
xD
The witnesses
haha good one!
Their amygdala, because its controling some of our aggression behavior
P
She's very nervous but o so charming. I have the feeling I'm listening to a very excited friend. I actually was falling asleep but her hyper enthusiasm has awakened me. My brain is entranced by the magic sparks and fun. I'm sure this is gonna stick. Thank you! ✨✨
She's cute as hell, too, let's not beat around the bush
@@jonanasbananas2944 you forgot to mention how amazingly humble you are, too
@@cjc813 Don't won't to sound like I have sunken into a dark hole of moral relativism, and that I have blindly come to accept the fractured postmodernist condition where everything is guided by local narratives and blah blah, but I really don't understand the use of being humble. In our Flemish culture it's extremely important to fake a humble attitude, and in some other parts of the world like Ivory Coast it is not. I've noticed that marginalized communities especially aren't too hung up on the humble facade. It's important to love oneself in a culture where one is undervalued.
@@cjc813 be a proud weirdo cjc813
I don’t think moral relativism and humility have a relationship unless humility and judgement necessarily have one… thinking you are the best but acting humble is not automatically fake… consider athletes who celebrate victory “like they’ve been there before”
With that hair, I tend to think he CAN have his shirt open. Kudos to him.
what with the newer Yakuza games, it might even be fitting for him to have NO shirt on!
I hope that this guy (Patrick) goes on into academia - with a bit more practice and experience, I reckon that he'll be as good a lecturer as Robert Sapolsky. And that's high praise.
He has Twitter. :)
he looks like shaggy 2.0 from scooby doo
@@robertdavis3788 He's honestly very attractive. The smarts is the main feature though.
@@AnyaChristinaEmmanuellaJenkins i hope my commment didnt read to u in a negative flavor cus that would be just about a 180 from my intent when typing that
and working on his voice too. Talking to an audience is an art that has to be learned and practiced.
One more thing. I thought Dana did an excellent job at presenting her materials especially for someone like me who has zero neuroscience knowledge. I laughed a lot and learned a lot, and those two usually go hand in hand.
She did an excellent talk, I've listened to it closely a hundred times' she knows her field.
@rando Don't confuse the message with the messenger, she is herself, you are you and I am me.
@rando Did you learn anything?
Definitely always helps when a lecturer presents the content in a less dry way. I think even the most fascinating information can be boring if explained by someone who seems bored by the content themselves.
Such good lecturers. Patrick has such great cadence and Dana has such great humour. The subtle things which make their incredible subject knowledge and pedagogical choices come alive. Excellent
They both did alright, but man, Dana made presentation fun and easier for me to digest. Loved it.
Really..I thought Dana was great but honestly a bit awkward to watch...I feel like some of the laughter we heard was because the audience was feeding off the nervous energy she was giving off...but I still totally respect the fact that she got up and delivered a great lecture...I still feel like Pat was a bit more relaxed and was able to talk to us a bit more comfortably
You probably have a heavy sex bias because I wouldn't even compare these two. Patrick gave an amazing lecture for a TA.
@@nackedgrils9302 you probably also have a sex bias then!
Excellent lecture ! Surprise! Grandmother cells have been found and are precisely described in a Scientific American Issue published in 2020 dealing with the neural mechanism that underlies facial recognition.
Jenifer anniston
How could people not like such informative presentation by the TA's? The TA were taking class where the Prof. Sopolsky is teaching. This is hugely humbling experience, therefore, they were feeling the weight of that class and trying to be more humble. How come students of Sopolsky forget the context and make comments. I think no one questions the content of the lectures of either of the presenters.
Never, ever question your Indoctrination!!!
There cant be many of his student in the comments nowadays,
I ditched TA sessions…unless there was an exam that week.
@@dakoderii4221 I'm not sure if this is just trolling, but it really seems like it. Go ahead and do your own neuroscience research bud. If I can when I open up my own lab I'll help you out.
Patrick H is gonna be a great prof.if he isnt already , i guess this was in 2010
I learned a bit about the function of the brain way back when I took Psy201 & 202.
These video lectures are a very welcome addition and expansion to that knowledge. Thanks.
The lady is a really good science communicator, I think I saw her as a guest on a yt channel I subscribe to.
She's talking about stuff in a relaxed way for some of the stuff. So far the guests have been top notch and would make great teachers.
Torsten Wiesel is still alive! He is 97 years old. Hubel unfortunately passed. Thank you both for your work!
The way they present the information is seriously engaging and I need to learn more ✨
I loved Dana's class. So much fun.
what an amazing brain, to be able to be so coherent. What an excellent communicator !
I love this man! His hair! His persona but most importantly his intelligence....♥️ Look like a man I would bump into in the 70’s.
I'm impressed by the work Dana Turker obviously put into preparing her part of this lecture (this is not what substitute teachers usually do). I hope her career has prospered in the years since.
I think she's an Assistant Professor now!
This is amazing. Free education if you care to know more than you did 30 minutes ago and are motivated to find it.
You are a delightful presenter, I've smiled and giggled. Quite truthfully, I could not get up and talk to a crowd of people I don't know.
this guy's most definitely the best at introduction to neuroscience! he makes it all very understandablee
The funk soul brother, check it out now...
xD
chilllll ahaha
Right about now?
Love how every time she talks about it, it's a different animal I'm running from...a hippo/rhino/snake/elephant/hyena lmao I need to stop pissing off the zoo animals
This is a wonderful lecture! The TA did a great job.
This great lecture by Patrick House got me to google him.. found several articles including some fiction, look forward to seeing if his writing is as good as his lectures.
This guy is more relaxed, and explains better so i can remember. He is very tuned into delivering, information, TO, remember. ☺ Really great class ! He has considered 'us' memorizing easily. Thank you, so very much !!!
I love this lecture series.
I really do.
Buuuuut
I also think that lady towards the end could easily steal my heart.
A little maddening that the speaker is looking up and gesturing to an illustration on the board that we cannot see!
By the way, LTP, long term potentiation is a good example of evolution knowing how to reinforce important threats of death that an organism experiences, and emphasizing them in memory. Much to the disadvantage of sleeping patterns of war veterans who suffer with PTSD. Hence the veteran, for example, mentioning his experiences in the Battle of the Bulge sometime seeming as fresh, as if it happened yesterday, including the sights and smells. Even if 60 or more years ago
how lovely and professional both of you are
This guy, too has it down with the Sapolskyan humor "and you have to invite them to your wedding..." etc.
Respect I know I'm ten years behind but I respect Ur great work thank u and Robert sapolsky
I am very interested in this subject and appreciate your sharing the knowledge. It would be helpful if you could post the info referred to above the lector in a corner of the screen so we all could see it. This would make it easier to understand.
Yes, she was pretty cool as well. A bit nervous - which is entirely understandable. Talking in public is generally rated as the most scary thing - beating dying into second place.
She needs a bit of experience to get used to it - but then I reckon that she'll be a good lecturer.
She's Assistant Professor now :)
Where is Patrick now? I thought he was excellent!
& the last speaker. You missed her in the description. She was great!
Very good. Would be helpful to see the slides. He knows the subject and I would surmise he has a well developed prefrontal cortex.
If anyone was wondering, he meant the retrograde neurotransmitter Nitric Oxid ... not nitrous oxide, the NMDA inhalant you get from your dentist 🤌.
Love the fro and the mind
Thats not a fro.. its his mind...
i was watching the video on times 1.5 and this girl sounds so excited!
Thank you for mentioning the 1.5 playback speed and i can go quickly thru the lecture
I liked the first part and, especially Nathan Woodling part better. Completely agree with sushicartman01 about the pictures, the presenter refers to. Not seeing the pictures makes it harder to understand the whole process
I loved Dana Turkers presentation style, she was so engaging and charming and managed to hold the audiences attention so well. All the students presenting are very informative and interesting but i think she was my favorite, just holding the rooms attention and talking with so much passion :)
This was an interesting lecture. It would be interesting to know how chronic pain and neuropathic pain work from a neurological point of view.
😢
Patrick did a great job, great hair my brother. peace and love my friends
LOVE UR CLASSES!
She's adorable and bubbly with an outward spark the guys didn't seem to have (or at least outwardly express as strongly). She's got a childlike fascination with what she's talking about, which is exactly why I'm sure she went far. And that makes my heart happy.
I genuinely thought it was a video of a lecture that was recorded in the 70’s because even collar of his shirt is not dissimilar to the 70’s style and somehow he looks as if he is from that era !
Great lecture I learned a bunch
"Take the information and use it to manipulate people, this is what education is"
Words of wisdom
I have been teaching high school for 25 years and I often hear the absurd quip about - those that can't teach - blah blah, etc. It is clear that knowing does not qualify one to teach. But the only way to learn to teach is to do. So keep on teaching. I hope all three TA's watch themselves - they will learn a lot.
I just wish those who teach had Masters in their fields, a few years work experience and then become teachers. At least for HS
I felt she communicated clearly and comprehensively. I see your point that deeper more thoughtful people might be ejected but I would say this is more because of a digressive approach to learning and conveying information, which does not keep them fully within the boundaries of their subject, and or, a particularly libertarian mind which causes all kinds of transgressions accross the regulatory boundaries of the educational system. So conforming can be somewhat as important as being interesting?
The major weakness of all those Sapolsky videos is the refusal of the camera to rise upwards to focus on all pictures shown on the higher boards above the head of the presenter. Similarly, when the drawings happen to be on the board to the extreme right of the wall behind the presenter, the camera will not swivel to show that board. In all those cases we have to guess the details of the pictures, the projected images, or the drawings. The cameraman remains glued on the face of the presenter. A practice that truncates the full impact and appreciation of the lecture. "Tis a pity.
Thanks for the tutorial, gang. I know more about Erectile Dysfunction than I would ever wanted to know. I think Dr. Sapolsky's beard would beat Patrick's fro, although Patrick's fro is pretty awesome.
Omg everytime i hear that okAYYYY , it is like a needle telling me to listen.
I call it pattern thinking (autistic thinking which, taken to extreme, allows savantism) I can imagine for visual thinking autistics it would be a imagined visual world, but since I think in movement it's like all my memories are on a web and I can "feel" when one is pulling on another, it takes me longer to piece them together (mostly sorting out what's causal) but after calibrating with years of self-study of psychology I'm starting to predict where the gaps in my learning are and how to find them (one such prediction led me to find this course) and if I eventually cover all those gaps I genuinely believe I'd have an amazing ability to spot the gaps in the field as a whole and similarly predict where to look for the answers.
Mostly just shouting this into the void, I can't afford uni either financially or energetically rn but since I know how to actually research and self-teach I'll be chugging along in the background figuring things out but gee, it'd be cool if I didn't have to grind myself into powder to prove my brain actually works like this before I'm given the chance to make use of it's potential.
15:30 why can't I just picture hippos in a camp. memorizing information. I keep my neumonics super tight and simple.
I think there is an important part of brain function which can be termed 'focus of attention'. The proposal is that this focus of attention operates in the brain by using the ability to focus the wave energy associated with certain neuron pathways to activate or amplify the activity of other specific areas of the neural network. So for example our focus of attention could be in visual inputs, audible inputs, movement, thought processes etc.
The focus of attention then becomes the means by which specific aspects of consciousness are selected. For more detail see:
www.academia.edu/30004610/The_Conscious_Brain
Richard
Fuck me, this is gold
Im studying lateral inhibtion/excitation and the mosquito bite example just make it click for me. Awesome 😊
The last speaker was amazingly. Succinct, interesting, and to the point.
He refers to a picture above at several points of the lecture, it would be nice if there were two camera and one of them filmed that picture so we could see it as well!
Really great lecture, it would have been really handy to have a look at the board / slides though. Anywhere I can find them?
Yes, this is a major weakness of those videos. To me, mystifying, since the goal is to instruct.
I don't really understand why some people ask for slides in almost each and every one these lectures' comments. I'd never thought about getting them before reading your comments because they don't feel necessary at all to me. It's quite the contrary in my experience, I find them to be more distracting than anything else.
@@nackedgrils9302 Sapolsky explains it very clearly in his course: Individual differences in behaviors. That includes learning behaviors.
so information is just an energy flowing though different types of synaps.
That gave me a headstart with my fellow workers, thanks (:
"Neurons that fire together wire together” are the words of Dr Carla Shatz (not the words of Donald Hebb as is commonly claimed).
Dana is so freaking cute I can't concentrate. Proves what she said about the sympathetic nervous system
Lame...
She's very smart, I downloaded mp3, so I just hear her, Its tough enough for women in STEM.
The first TA's hairstyle is very nice. I like.
Excellent, thankyou!
Mmm she seemed quite relaxed. Very little stress, what I liked. But who knows. As good as Robert, wow. Thats high praise he knows so much and can string it together so fluently its unbelievable. A prodigy intellectual haha. Lets hope so
Slides and drawings are super helpful for keeping the class (and the speaker) focused on a thing. When you're just talking forever. Also, as many small, direct, straightforward words and sentences are particularly useful when trying to communicate clearly. It's one thing if you're giving some political speech like Obama or you're on a date or you're in a job interview and you wanna use big words to show off, but especially when you're teaching undergrads, you should really model yourself after Dana did rather than Patrick with his overly cerebral and philosophical tangents
His stories were good, though
Also some amount of jokes, actual emotion. I liked her slide with the monkey. Brings you back to attention, so easy to zone out during a long lecture
Dana Turker demonstrated a subtle connection with her audience, an emotional rapport, not just an awareness of them as she spoke, but a sort of receptiveness to them, that serves her ability to convey information.
David Romney hormonally induced response.
@@kerrybrennan7099 lol
Wish we could see the slides in the first part.
These lecture series although no 13 years old or timeless like Carl Sagan‘s cosmos
Patrick is a brilliant educator but am I the only one that is distracted by how handsome and sexy he is?
But the Content of his lecture is so riveting and his delivery is so engaged though classically statuesque in a very Greek sense the beauty that is young man beholds this is over powered by his brilliance
So I looked up Patrick House (Pretty sure that was the first guys last name), looks like he's written a book called "19 ways of looking at consciousness". Haven't read it (got plenty of other things to read), but wanted to throw it out there.
Great class!
Introduction and Speaker Background
Patrick House, a neuroscience PhD student at Stanford University, introduces himself. [00:00]
Works in Robert's lab, a first-year student focusing on neuroscience.
Overview of Previous Lecture and Basics of Neurobiology
Recap of the basics of neurobiology covered in the previous lecture. [00:27]
Discussion on communication between neurons, presynaptic and postsynaptic cells.
Introduction to Memory and Plasticity
Exploration of memory and plasticity in neuroscience. [00:57]
Questions posed about the duration of memories and the impact of environmental context.
Stephen Wiltshire and Memory Abilities
Introduction of Stephen Wiltshire, an autistic savant known for exceptional memory and sketching skills. [02:25]
Mention of Wiltshire's ability to recreate cityscapes after brief helicopter rides.
Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) and Hebbian Plasticity
Definition of LTP as the overarching mechanism for memory in the synapse. [03:50]
Introduction of Hebbian plasticity: "neurons that fire together wire together."
Historical Perspective on Memory
Tracing the historical understanding of memory from the belief in new neurons to the discovery of synapses. [05:17]
Emphasis on the current view that memory involves changes in the synapse.
The Hippocampus and Visual Mnemonics
Emphasis on the importance of the hippocampus in memory formation. [08:09]
Visual mnemonics provided to remember the association between the hippocampus and memory.
Factors Influencing Memory
Discussion on adult neurogenesis, stress hormones, and alcohol affecting LTP and memory. [13:22]
Mention of HM, a patient with selective hippocampi removal, unable to form new memories.
Variation in Memory Abilities
Exploration of individual variation in memory abilities. [16:19]
Reference to the spectrum between those with no hippocampi (like HM) and those with exceptional memory skills (like Stephen Wiltshire).
Expanding the View of Neurons
Call for an expanded view beyond the simplified version of a neuron. [23:23]
Indication that future lectures may challenge or expand the current understanding of neuroscience.
Conclusion
Summary of the introduction to memory and plasticity. [24:48]
Emphasis on the need for a broader perspective in understanding neural processes.
disco stu gonna teach some neurobiology to you!
Wow let people be themselves. Damn
@@RolferShannon ironically keeps people from being themselves
The script says I'm supposed to hit you with this pie now.
I wouldn't.
Right on!
Also see on youtube : Neuroscience - Long-Term Potentiation
''Because of our tendency to explain what we dont know in terms of the smallest unit of a thing that we do know...'' :D
Patrick, say TOPE! Spatiotopic. You in advanced math know what tope means, and TOPE-ic is far different for other students to understand, than, topic.
BTW, much in the parietal and other areas is Associational cortex - those areas put things together and send signals on. The oversimplified limbic presentation previously has so far in the series ignored the actual types of memory - which go from the transient to the LTP. Memory slowly disappears from the Hippocampus as one lecturer said, into a more distributed form.
That autistic-savant photographic memory is like holding onto the sensory memory through short-term to long-term. I'd suspect that due to the general brain wiring, that some of the normally social context modular spaces in non-handicapped are repurposed for retention in the autistic (remember that this is a spectrum, in which, as an aside, males lean more toward autism than females; we all have some capacity to retask-repurpose, each coming from individual variation in brain wiring)
Memory is divided in more than one dimension, by declarative/explicit vs procedural/implicit(different "systems"), and by semantic vs episodic. As you study this (and you will; behavioral science requires it), you might still hear the old saw that "procedural" (inaccurately equated with nonconscious, though recent work has changed from that inaccuracy) is cerebellular/basal ganglia (close to and sharing somewhat with limbic, also a distributing network). Well, some cognitive actions in humans are associated with cerebellum, and some of the modular hypotheses are falling fast, including in other animals, big-time.
Sapolsky cautioned from the first that thinking within categories is extremely limited and very often false. Keep exploring and questioning previous dogma - Crick, remember, used the word as a joke, meaning that it may in the end be false. It was just, as Patrick here reiterated about the "place" of memory being the newest not-yet-understood area, an architecture for speculation upon. From speculation comes falsifiable ideas called hypotheses, which you will create and test.
First part memory and LTP till 47:00
Second part autonomic nervous system
That fro is godly
Preganglionic autonomic nerve axons are myelinated, postganglionic are unmyelinated. This is just to qualify what was said in the autonomic lecture.
They go into altruistic behaviour elsewhere. In brief, a combination of kin selection and Prisoner's Dilema type situations explains quite a lot.
38:00 Hinting at the deep learning for vision.
nature "hints" at so much computer science, they even mentioned an if/then statement to describe behavior in earlier lectures which is sort of a core principle of programming
Awesome lecture! Can you share slides, anyone? Also, I'm wondering whether Stephen has some brain advantage when it comes to memory or he is just obsessive with his memory palaces.
I would love to study at Stanford,
Oh the biology of PTSD memories. Sounds super interesting.
I bugs the crap out of me that the camera is trained on the lecturer the whole time, and never shows the diagrams that the lecturer is referring to. Nevertheless, thanks to Stanford for putting this lecture series online.
The camera is right, the problem was the video editor didn't add the slides for the first part.
Great info, horrendous mnemonics!!
Good lectures. The TAs need to work on their presentation, especially the last presenter she's very schoolgirlish in her presentation very giggly. The content is good and I'm glad its available for free. Thank goodness for the internet.
She is precious. Okai?
I love her!!
50:07
Friesen Eduard Good one.
There is really no problem with it being a bit enthusiastic, but she talks a bit too fast. :).
I was always wondering why people in countries such as USA and other western countries getting motor diseases such as ALS, Alzheimer and Parkinson more than the Asians. Today I learned high stress levels can bring down dopamine levels and this can create motor diseases in long run and in the same time high levels of dopamine can cause schizophrenia(Using excessive levels of marijuana and other drugs). This shows us the importance of having a moderate life and the importance of the culture asians have practiced over the years.
So good, thank you!
Great lecture
One of the videos in the series where I really wish a cameraman would've panned up to the projection or screen from time to time
I think it was Steven Pinker who said something about having outstanding hair as an academic is some sort of (possibly career) advantage.
Hm. 🤔
Perhaps because it makes the wearer of the hairdo more recognizable and easier to talk about?
For instance: "Did you hear that young TA giving this lecture? I thought he was great." - "Which one, i don't remember. There where so many..." - "You know, the one with the hair!" - "Ah, right! Yes, he was good indeed."
@@saschamayer4050 I love it! :D
I've never heard anyone say ok so fast. The young lady was very entertaining and very knowledgeable. She just needs to learn not to apologize. She has the information, not the students.
One bodily function I've yet to hear about is the evacuation of the bowels. It happens in combat when the rounds are thick in the air.
Feminine socialisation and the way she'll have been taught to mask:((
Is he gonna mention at some point that this ground breaking experiment to detect the role of visual cortex neurons, was done by sticking probe into cats brain and showing them diapositives
Nice detail but irrelevant in this context