🔴LOGIC FINAL EXAM ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY PART 2 WITH EXPLANATION

#freshman#credit#investment#abrelohd
Logic: The Science of Reasoning
Logic is a fundamental branch of philosophy and mathematics that deals with the principles of valid reasoning. It provides a framework for analyzing arguments, identifying fallacies, and ensuring that conclusions follow logically from premises.
Key Concepts in Logic:
• Arguments: A set of statements, called premises, that are intended to support a conclusion.
• Premises: The statements that provide evidence or reasons for the conclusion.
• Conclusion: The statement that is being supported by the premises.
• Validity: An argument is valid if the conclusion follows logically from the premises. A valid argument doesn't necessarily mean the premises are true, only that the conclusion is a logical consequence of the premises.
• Soundness: An argument is sound if it is both valid and has true premises. A sound argument guarantees a true conclusion.
• Fallacies: Errors in reasoning that make arguments invalid or unsound. Common fallacies include:
* Ad hominem: Attacking the person making the argument rather than the argument itself.
* Appeal to Authority: Using an authority figure's opinion to support a claim without providing evidence.
* False Dilemma: Presenting only two options when there are actually other possibilities.
* Hasty Generalization: Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient evidence or a small sample size.
* Correlation/Causation: Assuming that because two things happen together, one must be causing the other.
• Propositional Logic: Deals with the logical relationships between propositions (statements that can be either true or false).
• Predicate Logic: A more sophisticated system that deals with quantifiers (like "all" and "some") and the relationships between individuals and properties.
Why Study Logic?
• Clear Thinking: Logic helps us think more clearly and systematically, avoiding common errors in reasoning.
• Evaluating Arguments: Logic provides tools for analyzing arguments, identifying fallacies, and evaluating the strength of evidence.
• Effective Communication: Logic helps us communicate our ideas more effectively, constructing clear and persuasive arguments.
• Problem-Solving: Logical reasoning is essential for solving problems, making decisions, and navigating complex situations.
• Understanding the World: Logic helps us understand the structure of knowledge, the relationships between ideas, and the foundations of reasoning.
How Logic is Studied:
• Formal Systems: Logic is often studied using formal systems, which provide a set of rules and symbols for representing and manipulating logical statements.
• Informal Reasoning: We also use logic informally in our everyday lives, analyzing arguments, making decisions, and solving problems.
Logic is a fundamental tool for critical thinking, clear communication, and understanding the world around us. By developing our logical reasoning skills, we can become more informed, rational, and effective thinkers.

[@temesgenbelete4466]

it is good my fellow, but what about chapter 6 ,cause in this year we are going to take exam which includes chapter 6,

[@frehiwotgetachew542]

Are u serious? I thought the exam is from chapter 1,2,3&5 that's what we are told

[@temesgenbelete4466]

@@frehiwotgetachew542 it may be in other university, but for us in haramaya university, it was told that we are going to take from chapter 6

[@Mebrie-u9v]

ye meche amete mhret new guy?