Awesome. Worked for big companies for twenty years, day dot for grasshopper: now on my own serious time on page layout and all that boring stuff. Documentation as parametric is the gold
Hi Gavin, I was able to finish the first part of the of three tut. Now I have gotten up to 4:42 and my Data.ImportExcel list comes up null. I have checked the sheet name and also the file name. I have also re did each node a few times just to make sure it wasn't the nodes. and the excel file is an xlsx, just in case that matters. and it has a box saying the operation has failed. I'm so confused by this as this all looked very straight forward so far. any help would be appreciated. thanks
@@AussieBIMGuru I have Excel on my computer, am i able to send you the script via email or something like that. I have tried starting from scratch four time and also redoing the excel file a few times including trying to save the file in different formats. non have worked so far.
Hi Guru, I have two small problems with this video. I've been following it since part 1, and all fine, however when I get to this one, the following happens: When you go to the Browser Organization option in Sheets, I don't have the Grouping and Sorting -> Sorting 1 and Sorting 2 (1:41). Is this something that you have custom entered, if so, how can I do it, do you have a video available explaining it. My second problem is the "Excel Process" (4:24) , I get the following error: "Warning: Data.ImportExcel operation failed. No worksheet matches the given string. Parameter name: sheetName". I don't know if it is associated to the first one, I hope you understand my problems, I need a little help here :). Greetings and thanks for your content!
Tutorial on browser organisation here (actually its my very first video I ever made!); th-cam.com/video/xHLFdWDxDhA/w-d-xo.html For the second error make sure you have entered the sheet name for the import node 100% correct including upper/lower case characters - it must not match the name of the sheet in excel.
@@AussieBIMGuru Thank you for answering, there is something I don't understand about the second thing you said. The Sheets are supposed to be empty to begin with, right, so where did you get the Sheet Name "Sheet1" from? I only have Sheets(Test), and the same String with Sheet1. Where I could get that name? Sorry to be so annoying, best regards!
Great, I made scrip for creating sheets that was more complicated than this one. But you learned me how to make it on easier way. And ofc i learned a lot of new nodes. Thanks!
Hi Gavin! What an amazing series of Dynamo videos you've produced - It's utterly amazing! I've tried following this one and everything seems to be working except adding the parameters to the sheets. It gets the numbers and the names for the sheets but not the "Drawn By", "Checked By" and so on. Any idea as to what is happening? I'm not getting any errors when running the script by the way. Thanks in advance, Rasmus.
My main guess is that the parmeter name case sensitivity might be incorrect, otherwise get/set parameter by name should typically pick these up without issues in my experience.
Thank you for creating such brilliant content. I have created the script. I have come across to errors in Revit, once the dynamo has finished running. These are related to the project name and project number in the title block. The excel spreadsheet heading match the parameters which are in my template. Please note, when running the script the first the time, the project number populated as should. Any guidance would be greatly appreciated. Many thanks, Ronnie
Project information is managed separately to sheet parameters. You can get the project information using the element.types dropdown, all elementsoftype node then get/set parametet values like you would with other elements.
@@AussieBIMGuru Thank you so much for the help. This part of the script worked perfectly. Element type node (Project info) - AllElementofType Node - Element.SetParameterByName Node with String (Project Number) connected to Parameter Name and 2nd string (0000) connected to Value. So Powerful.
I'm working on a massive project with existing title blocks and I would like to be able to autofill the Drawn By, Checked By, and Approved By fields for certain sets of sheets. Can this be done simply? I am very new to Dynamo
Yes this can be done by filtering the sheets you wish to deal with by a condition (e.g. are they of a particular series in a parameter value they contain). From there you can use Element.SetParameterByName to push in a value to these sheet's parameters. It might be worth watching my Dynamo learning series up to Lesson 7 which deals with these types of operations.
Hi there great tutorial! I am working in Revit 2020 and using Build 2.3.0, Sheets.CreatePlaceholder is no longer a node available. I downloaded Clockwork and it contains a Sheet.PlaceholderByNumberAndName, however this node gives me a null. Do you know of another node I can use instead or if I can run Build 2.0.2 in Revit 2020?
Really useful video which is gonna save me so much time. I just wanted to ask how to add "Sheet Issue Date" and "Revisions". I was trying by adding this cells on Excel but nothing is added. Thank you so much for your help and really good videos!!
Sheet issue date should be possible to add using Element.SetParameterByName, but make sure you read the data from Excel as strings and that it isn't a datetime in Excel itself. For revisions it's harder, as revisions is actually not just one field - it's potentially multiple. I have a tutorial here which shows how to populate revisions in batch using a separate script (Excel isn't suitable); th-cam.com/video/8HS1reV4Iw0/w-d-xo.html
Hey guru Im getiing a few nulls and i dont get where they are coming from. in the list.GetItematindex the one has 1 null and the other has 3 nulls and boom the sheet placeholder has all nulls. the warning is value cannot be null
Make sure to follow the data back to the first failing node, or the first one containing a null. The most common reason this workflow may fail is if the index provided to a node is higher than the size of a list being indexed.
I believe this video actually used archilab as i hadnt made crumple at this point in time. My current version has nodes to collect sheets with a placeholder input, collect.sheets.
Hey gavin, how can one use "Floorplanviews.ByLevelandType"? I am using ArchiLab's custom nodes in your 1/3 script of this series. But getting a warning " One or more of the input types are not matching. Couldn't find a version of ByLevelAndType that takes arguments of type (__array,string)". Can you suggest me what to do? Thank you. BTW, great channel, I appreciate your work.
Thanks for the kind words! I've tested this node in Dynamo 2.3 and it appears to be working as expected. The most common reason for such an error to appear is if one of the two inputs are in the form of strings (text). In this case it looks like the 'viewfamilytype' input is being given a string - try using the 'ViewFamilyTypes' dropdown from archilab, or if you need to obtain them by a string input (e.g. from an Excel file) then you can use 'Element Types > All Elements of Type' with the element type of 'ViewFamilyType' then compare these names to your string list to find matching indices between the two lists.
Hi, im having an issue with the the sheets not having the name and number that is going in to the Placeholdersheet.bynumberandname node! its creating the place holders but not using the name or number that is going in to the node! any tips?
@@AussieBIMGuru perfect, thank you very much. I also dropped a question on the following video as I couldn’t find your email! Appreciate the response 👍🏼👍🏼👍🏼
Realised I can use this video as it doesn't have the custom nodes. Only issue I'm encountering is the Browser Organisation properties you have set. They seem to be custom as Sorting 1 and 2. I am restricted to the ones in the drop down box. Any idea how to add a custom version?
Yes these are custom project parameters introduced to the model. I suggest watching one of my videos on revit browser management which show how this can be set up.
@@AussieBIMGuru That's great, thanks! I'll check one out. Another issue I'm encountering now. Dynamo seems to be altering the end of my view numbers from 10000 to 10004 then, 10001 to 10005. Any ideas?
@@adambulpitt7002 hrm that's quite odd. Ideally you should run this script via dynamo player as there is a behavior in dynamo called 'element bindings' where some nodes remember the object they created. Autodesk calls it a feature but it always feels like a bug to me!
@@AussieBIMGuru I've realised that it's just re-ordered them rather than renaming them. That shouldn't be an issue. Thanks very much for the assistance. Apologies if I come back with more questions haha. This is my first venture into the realm of Dynamo. Thoroughly enjoying it
@@adambulpitt7002 no problems. For more detailed queries sometimes email might be more reliable to get replies from me, youtube isnt good at notifying me beyond the first reply.
In some versions of Dynamo (2021 onwards I believe), there should be a sheet creation node, but it asks for a view unfortunately. I'd suggest using either the Crumple package and the Sheets.Create node instead.
Hello! Thank you so much for this set of tutorials, they are extremely helpful! I was able to use them the first time I created them, now however I am running into a problem, it says "Warning: Data.ImportExcel operation failed. No worksheet matches the given string. Parameter name: sheetName" in the Excel import data Node. Any chance you can help me figure out why? Thanks,
Hi, My script has not worked. My last node (List.Combine) is returning null values. The nodes List.DropItems (2x) and the Sheets.Create is returning me values but after that is returning null. Could you please help me or even send me your script for comparing?
Try my node from Crumple called Sheets.Create, it is much more straightforward than the workflow I used here and I built it much later. All it needs is a titleblock type and a list of sheet names/numbers.
You might have some extra cells in excel which are empty that cause unequal list length. Delete the nearest few empty rows and columns in your table and try then.
@@AussieBIMGuru Thanks, that was the case, but now in the list combine node I'm getting a list of null values, and on the create placeholder node I have 3 null values, but Revit still creates the sheets as expected from my excel file. I working with Revit 2021.1.4 if that make a difference.
@@cyclibetic these days i dont use combine in this way, I use levels instead. Try providing the following: Sheets as elements with @L1 used Parameter names as a list with @L2 Parameter values as sublists per element with @L2
Hi! Thanks for a great video! Do you know anything about node/packages to creating sheets in Revit 2019 and Dynamo 1.3.4? Unfortunately Crumple and CreatePlaceholder doesn't work.. Thanks in advance :)
Hi! Great tutorial! I have come across to errors in Dynamo (version 2.3.0.5885), once the I try to search the path file. The fatal error shows the following message: "Object reference not set to an instance of an object." Thank you so much for your help
Unfortunately it's quite a generic warning so it's hard to say. I would suggest if you had a fatal error to ensure your Dynamo and Revit are updated to the latest build, and hopefully that helps.
This node creates placeholder sheets not the browser. You can add them as new sheets after. If you want actual sheets made try the sheetscreate node in my custom package (crumple).
@@AussieBIMGuru I ran the script yesterday and saw the sheets created in my Revit model, however if I run the same script today the sheets aren't created in Revit? after adding the Sheet.PlaceholderByNumberAndName you mention in the video that if I click run you could create the sheets?
I just can't get this to make the first 3 sheets, it makes all of the others. I get a warning from the CreatePlaceholder about Sheet number is already in use. It will also not place them in the sorted grouping.
If sheets aren't being made they are likely placeholders or stored in Dynamo's memory. This script typically runs best from Dynamo player so it has a chance to refresh it's bindings. If they aren't sorting in the grouping then the browser organisation likely hasn't been set to sort in that manner. Make sure you set up the desired parameters by right clicking on the top of the view browser and going to organisation.
@@AussieBIMGuru Thank you, I will try tomorrow. They are making all of the sheets when I copied the excel file and made some mods to it. TYVM great video.
Hi, I have tried to follow the step but the video on creating the node was too fast. Could you send me the script so I can follow from the video. This is my 1st time on Dynamo. Thk u
This is probably not a great script to begin learning dynamo from the beginning from. I would suggest visiting the primer and my Dynamo Learning playlist first - that way you can learn the fundamentals. If you would rather just have the script send me an email, but I recommend learning the basics instead - don't rush. Also you can slow the video down to 50%/75% speed if that helps - it should be under the video settings. A lot of my subscribers do this to help slow down the video pace.
Awesome. Worked for big companies for twenty years, day dot for grasshopper: now on my own serious time on page layout and all that boring stuff. Documentation as parametric is the gold
It does indeed save a lot of time!
This Dynamo script and I was able to re-create it without issue. Great video! Very Helpful.
Nice work!
Thanks Gavin !!! I'm working on a tower project and i can say that THIS SCRIPT IS LIVE SAVING 😂. Thanks, i followed your instructions and i made mine.
That's what I like to hear! Enjoy the time it saved you :)
Thank you! This is the first ever script I've attempted, and it worked! Love the channel, keep up the good work.
Great work, glad it turned out well! Keep up the scripting :)
Hi Gavin, I was able to finish the first part of the of three tut. Now I have gotten up to 4:42 and my Data.ImportExcel list comes up null. I have checked the sheet name and also the file name. I have also re did each node a few times just to make sure it wasn't the nodes. and the excel file is an xlsx, just in case that matters. and it has a box saying the operation has failed. I'm so confused by this as this all looked very straight forward so far.
any help would be appreciated. thanks
Assuming all your inputs are correct, the only other thing I know it could be is if you don't have Excel on your computer?
@@AussieBIMGuru I have Excel on my computer, am i able to send you the script via email or something like that. I have tried starting from scratch four time and also redoing the excel file a few times including trying to save the file in different formats. non have worked so far.
@@allansergent8390 sure my email is on my profile page.
Hi Guru, I have two small problems with this video. I've been following it since part 1, and all fine, however when I get to this one, the following happens: When you go to the Browser Organization option in Sheets, I don't have the Grouping and Sorting -> Sorting 1 and Sorting 2 (1:41). Is this something that you have custom entered, if so, how can I do it, do you have a video available explaining it. My second problem is the "Excel Process" (4:24) , I get the following error:
"Warning: Data.ImportExcel operation failed.
No worksheet matches the given string.
Parameter name: sheetName".
I don't know if it is associated to the first one, I hope you understand my problems, I need a little help here :). Greetings and thanks for your content!
Tutorial on browser organisation here (actually its my very first video I ever made!);
th-cam.com/video/xHLFdWDxDhA/w-d-xo.html
For the second error make sure you have entered the sheet name for the import node 100% correct including upper/lower case characters - it must not match the name of the sheet in excel.
@@AussieBIMGuru Thank you for answering, there is something I don't understand about the second thing you said. The Sheets are supposed to be empty to begin with, right, so where did you get the Sheet Name "Sheet1" from? I only have Sheets(Test), and the same String with Sheet1.
Where I could get that name?
Sorry to be so annoying, best regards!
@@marcelobecerra2145 i mean the worksheet in the excel file itself.
@@AussieBIMGuru OHHHHHHH!! Man I feel so so stupid right now. Sorry for the inconvenience!!!!
This was my first Dynamo script and I was able to re-create it without issue. Great video!
Solid work! Congrats on joining the Dynamo community :)
Great, I made scrip for creating sheets that was more complicated than this one. But you learned me how to make it on easier way. And ofc i learned a lot of new nodes. Thanks!
Great work, and you're welcome!
Hi Gavin! What an amazing series of Dynamo videos you've produced - It's utterly amazing!
I've tried following this one and everything seems to be working except adding the parameters to the sheets. It gets the numbers and the names for the sheets but not the "Drawn By", "Checked By" and so on. Any idea as to what is happening? I'm not getting any errors when running the script by the way.
Thanks in advance, Rasmus.
My main guess is that the parmeter name case sensitivity might be incorrect, otherwise get/set parameter by name should typically pick these up without issues in my experience.
Hi, great tutorial! But I cant find the sheet.createplaceholder node. Can you tell me where I can find it? Thanks!!
Hrm looks like I made a mistake when I said no nodes needed! I believe Clockwork and Rhythm both have this node available.
@@AussieBIMGuru Thanks!
Thank you for creating such brilliant content. I have created the script. I have come across to errors in Revit, once the dynamo has finished running. These are related to the project name and project number in the title block. The excel spreadsheet heading match the parameters which are in my template. Please note, when running the script the first the time, the project number populated as should. Any guidance would be greatly appreciated. Many thanks, Ronnie
Project information is managed separately to sheet parameters. You can get the project information using the element.types dropdown, all elementsoftype node then get/set parametet values like you would with other elements.
@@AussieBIMGuru Thank you so much for the help. This part of the script worked perfectly. Element type node (Project info) - AllElementofType Node - Element.SetParameterByName Node with String (Project Number) connected to Parameter Name and 2nd string (0000) connected to Value. So Powerful.
@@Ron96577 glad to hear you got it to work, well done!
@@AussieBIMGuru Thank you.
I'm working on a massive project with existing title blocks and I would like to be able to autofill the Drawn By, Checked By, and Approved By fields for certain sets of sheets. Can this be done simply? I am very new to Dynamo
Yes this can be done by filtering the sheets you wish to deal with by a condition (e.g. are they of a particular series in a parameter value they contain). From there you can use Element.SetParameterByName to push in a value to these sheet's parameters. It might be worth watching my Dynamo learning series up to Lesson 7 which deals with these types of operations.
@@AussieBIMGuru Awesome! Thank you so much for your response. I will definitely watch the series
Hi there great tutorial! I am working in Revit 2020 and using Build 2.3.0, Sheets.CreatePlaceholder is no longer a node available. I downloaded Clockwork and it contains a Sheet.PlaceholderByNumberAndName, however this node gives me a null. Do you know of another node I can use instead or if I can run Build 2.0.2 in Revit 2020?
Try out my package 'Crumple', which has a node that can create the sheet straight into the model!
@@AussieBIMGuru Thanks that worked perfectly!
@@nicklopez9606 glad to hear!
@@nicklopez9606 what node did you use?
Really useful video which is gonna save me so much time. I just wanted to ask how to add "Sheet Issue Date" and "Revisions". I was trying by adding this cells on Excel but nothing is added.
Thank you so much for your help and really good videos!!
Sheet issue date should be possible to add using Element.SetParameterByName, but make sure you read the data from Excel as strings and that it isn't a datetime in Excel itself.
For revisions it's harder, as revisions is actually not just one field - it's potentially multiple. I have a tutorial here which shows how to populate revisions in batch using a separate script (Excel isn't suitable);
th-cam.com/video/8HS1reV4Iw0/w-d-xo.html
Hey guru Im getiing a few nulls and i dont get where they are coming from. in the list.GetItematindex the one has 1 null and the other has 3 nulls and boom the sheet placeholder has all nulls. the warning is value cannot be null
Make sure to follow the data back to the first failing node, or the first one containing a null. The most common reason this workflow may fail is if the index provided to a node is higher than the size of a list being indexed.
in which crumple package version has that sheet holder node parameter?
I believe this video actually used archilab as i hadnt made crumple at this point in time. My current version has nodes to collect sheets with a placeholder input, collect.sheets.
Hey gavin, how can one use "Floorplanviews.ByLevelandType"? I am using ArchiLab's custom nodes in your 1/3 script of this series. But getting a warning " One or more of the input types are not matching. Couldn't find a version of ByLevelAndType that takes arguments of type (__array,string)". Can you suggest me what to do? Thank you. BTW, great channel, I appreciate your work.
Thanks for the kind words! I've tested this node in Dynamo 2.3 and it appears to be working as expected. The most common reason for such an error to appear is if one of the two inputs are in the form of strings (text). In this case it looks like the 'viewfamilytype' input is being given a string - try using the 'ViewFamilyTypes' dropdown from archilab, or if you need to obtain them by a string input (e.g. from an Excel file) then you can use 'Element Types > All Elements of Type' with the element type of 'ViewFamilyType' then compare these names to your string list to find matching indices between the two lists.
Hi, im having an issue with the the sheets not having the name and number that is going in to the Placeholdersheet.bynumberandname node! its creating the place holders but not using the name or number that is going in to the node! any tips?
Make sure the sheet number is not already in use. Try the sheet.create node in Crumple alternatively.
@@AussieBIMGuru perfect, thank you very much. I also dropped a question on the following video as I couldn’t find your email! Appreciate the response 👍🏼👍🏼👍🏼
Realised I can use this video as it doesn't have the custom nodes. Only issue I'm encountering is the Browser Organisation properties you have set. They seem to be custom as Sorting 1 and 2. I am restricted to the ones in the drop down box. Any idea how to add a custom version?
Yes these are custom project parameters introduced to the model. I suggest watching one of my videos on revit browser management which show how this can be set up.
@@AussieBIMGuru That's great, thanks! I'll check one out.
Another issue I'm encountering now. Dynamo seems to be altering the end of my view numbers from 10000 to 10004 then, 10001 to 10005. Any ideas?
@@adambulpitt7002 hrm that's quite odd. Ideally you should run this script via dynamo player as there is a behavior in dynamo called 'element bindings' where some nodes remember the object they created. Autodesk calls it a feature but it always feels like a bug to me!
@@AussieBIMGuru I've realised that it's just re-ordered them rather than renaming them. That shouldn't be an issue. Thanks very much for the assistance. Apologies if I come back with more questions haha. This is my first venture into the realm of Dynamo. Thoroughly enjoying it
@@adambulpitt7002 no problems. For more detailed queries sometimes email might be more reliable to get replies from me, youtube isnt good at notifying me beyond the first reply.
Hello, i can't find the Placeholder Node, is there another node i can use instead?
In some versions of Dynamo (2021 onwards I believe), there should be a sheet creation node, but it asks for a view unfortunately. I'd suggest using either the Crumple package and the Sheets.Create node instead.
@@AussieBIMGuru thanks for the reply
How do I download archi-lab_grimshaw? It's not on Dynamo's site. So I can't use the 'create place holder sheet' command.
Search for archi-lab instead
@@AussieBIMGuru thank you,i didnt solved archilab but i solved the clockwork
Hello! Thank you so much for this set of tutorials, they are extremely helpful! I was able to use them the first time I created them, now however I am running into a problem, it says "Warning: Data.ImportExcel operation failed. No worksheet matches the given string. Parameter name: sheetName" in the Excel import data Node. Any chance you can help me figure out why? Thanks,
Typically that error means there is a mismatch between the name given in Dynamo and the worksheets in your excel file.
@@AussieBIMGuru Thank you so much for your quick response! I figure out the mismatch!
Hi. Why cant I find the placeholder sheet tool? Is there a package I need to install. :D
I believe this node was from archilab.
Hi,
My script has not worked. My last node (List.Combine) is returning null values.
The nodes List.DropItems (2x) and the Sheets.Create is returning me values but after that is returning null. Could you please help me or even send me your script for comparing?
Try my node from Crumple called Sheets.Create, it is much more straightforward than the workflow I used here and I built it much later. All it needs is a titleblock type and a list of sheet names/numbers.
When I list transpose after the list drop items, I get an additional entry of null on each list. What is causing this?
You might have some extra cells in excel which are empty that cause unequal list length. Delete the nearest few empty rows and columns in your table and try then.
@@AussieBIMGuru Thanks, that was the case, but now in the list combine node I'm getting a list of null values, and on the create placeholder node I have 3 null values, but Revit still creates the sheets as expected from my excel file. I working with Revit 2021.1.4 if that make a difference.
@@cyclibetic these days i dont use combine in this way, I use levels instead. Try providing the following:
Sheets as elements with @L1 used
Parameter names as a list with @L2
Parameter values as sublists per element with @L2
Thank you very much !. You save my day
You're welcome!
Hi! Thanks for a great video! Do you know anything about node/packages to creating sheets in Revit 2019 and Dynamo 1.3.4? Unfortunately Crumple and CreatePlaceholder doesn't work.. Thanks in advance :)
Try Rhythm, it should also have sheet creation nodes.
@@AussieBIMGuru Thank you!
in my dynamo join geometry is missing pleae help
They didnt add these nodes until 2021 i think.
Hi! Great tutorial! I have come across to errors in Dynamo (version 2.3.0.5885), once the I try to search the path file. The fatal error shows the following message: "Object reference not set to an instance of an object." Thank you so much for your help
Unfortunately it's quite a generic warning so it's hard to say. I would suggest if you had a fatal error to ensure your Dynamo and Revit are updated to the latest build, and hopefully that helps.
Dynamo is not creating the sheets in my Revit model?
This node creates placeholder sheets not the browser. You can add them as new sheets after. If you want actual sheets made try the sheetscreate node in my custom package (crumple).
@@AussieBIMGuru I ran the script yesterday and saw the sheets created in my Revit model, however if I run the same script today the sheets aren't created in Revit? after adding the Sheet.PlaceholderByNumberAndName you mention in the video that if I click run you could create the sheets?
@@staceyferguson8587 it should, as long as the numbers dont already exist in the model.
@@AussieBIMGuru I think something is broken here because isn't creating the sheets, I'll have to redo it and see if that makes a difference.
So I tried again and I'm not sure what the problem is?
I just can't get this to make the first 3 sheets, it makes all of the others. I get a warning from the CreatePlaceholder about Sheet number is already in use. It will also not place them in the sorted grouping.
If sheets aren't being made they are likely placeholders or stored in Dynamo's memory. This script typically runs best from Dynamo player so it has a chance to refresh it's bindings.
If they aren't sorting in the grouping then the browser organisation likely hasn't been set to sort in that manner. Make sure you set up the desired parameters by right clicking on the top of the view browser and going to organisation.
@@AussieBIMGuru Thank you, I will try tomorrow. They are making all of the sheets when I copied the excel file and made some mods to it. TYVM great video.
Sheet.Create Node not working. Can anyone please suggest?
Try the node in Crumple package for sheet creation instead.
Hi, I have tried to follow the step but the video on creating the node was too fast. Could you send me the script so I can follow from the video. This is my 1st time on Dynamo. Thk u
This is probably not a great script to begin learning dynamo from the beginning from. I would suggest visiting the primer and my Dynamo Learning playlist first - that way you can learn the fundamentals.
If you would rather just have the script send me an email, but I recommend learning the basics instead - don't rush.
Also you can slow the video down to 50%/75% speed if that helps - it should be under the video settings. A lot of my subscribers do this to help slow down the video pace.
Can you send excel file please 🙏💙
Dont have it anymore. Its three columns with a header, nothing too complex.