ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 14 ก.พ. 2024
- Join our Patreon community: / itsokaytobesmart
SUBSCRIBE so you don’t miss a video! ►► bit.ly/iotbs_sub
↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓
We know pollution is a problem on earth, but we’re filling space with our junk too. And if we don’t figure out a way to clean up space junk, we could end our interstellar dreams before they even get started. Today, we’re visiting some cool engineers in Switzerland to learn about the space junk problem and the giant space claw that might be the perfect solution.
References: sites.google.com/view/space-j...
Filmed at ClearSpace - Lausanne, Canton Vaud, Switzerland
-----------
High fives to all our Brain Trust Patrons:
Ed Eyden
Jennifer Burton
Charles Horton, Jr
Holly, Brett, and Ashe Bullion
Jaap Westera
Mehdi Damou
Barbora Bei
Burt Humburg
dani bowman
David Johnston
Baerbel Winkler
Eric Meer
Karen Haskell
Join us on Patreon!
/ itsokaytobesmart
Instagram
/ drjoehanson
/ okaytobesmart
Facebook
/ itsokaytobesmartpbs
Merch
store.dftba.com/collections/i...
-Oh...I have to use miles, right?
-No, we are scientist. We use metric
2 seconds later
-A piece of blueberry size....
Yes scientists do use metric because they are very and extremely familiar with these measurements. The average Joe or Jill isn't.
@@rayguile-rb6qi In the U.S.A.*
On the global scale the average person is familiar with metric.
@@rayguile-rb6qi The USA is one of only ~5 countries out of 196 that does NOT use metric.
Please don't project your lack of education on the entire planet thank you.
I think the biggest threat is the smaller blueberry size pieces that they won't see coming.
Which is why a laser-based system is more practical. With almost no atmosphere, the usable distance is way higher, it can recharge from solar energy, and smaller debris takes less energy to de-orbit. The laser ablation generates thrust, pushing the junk into the atmosphere to burn up.
Bigger objects make smaller objects.
Smaller objects deorbit faster naturally as the smaller objects experience more drag relative to their mass compared to larger objects.
@@akamesama It's the only (remotely) feasible solution for the far more numerous small fragments
The solution is to launch a giant jelly ball, let it orbit for a while to catch all the tiny things, then use the claw to grab it.
@@charliegnugive this man a Nobel prize
For anyone interested in this topic, there's a hard sci-fi TV series from the 2000s called _Planetes_ that's about a future where cleaning up space debris has become necessary due to increased space travel. Of course, in that series, the clean up is largely done by hand, in order for human drama to happen, but it's otherwise technically-accurate and was produced in collaboration with space agencies.
Oooh that's cool! Looking it up, it's an anime based on a manga and had 26 episodes, and it sounds _super_ interesting. Thank you!!
4:24 satellites in higher orbits stay up there longer not because gravity is that much weaker, it's because of the huge reduction in air resistance.
I'm glad somebody else pointed it out or I was going to lol
I can't believe that they could say something like that. It's like saying that the astronauts don't experience gravity because they are far away from Earth.😂
It's actually both.
@@WeedPatch71no it's not, higher gravity for something in orbit just means it goes to a lower orbit and goes faster. Orbits decay because of the air resistance which is present in low earth orbit which constantly slows objects down. If geostationary orbit had as much air resistance as low earth orbit then things would eventually fall back down.
@WeedPatch71 The gravitational force in orbit around the earth is lower the funther away you are, but it isn't the determining factor.
If there was no gravitational force, then you would fly off into space. So there is a force pulling those satellites in. To avoid falling back down to earth, they need to be moving. An orbit is just flying forward so fast that as you fall you never hit the ground.
Without anything slowing you down, you'd keep in that orbit permanently. But air molecules will bump into a satellite, that slows it down and brings it closer and closer to earth. The strength of gravity only determines how fast you have to be to stay in orbit. It's the air drag which brings things crashing back down by slowing them.
The giant stuff isn't the biggest problem. It's the little stuff.
We need to grab the big before it gets smashed, but there's already a ton of little things that need dealing with as well.
Aerogel panels as big and wide as they can make them, and a minimal control apparatus to maneuver them where they're needed.
it looks like the 1st place design if you asked a class of 1st graders to all come up with an idea
big stuff becomes small stuff, addressing the big stuff problem addresses the small stuff problem upstream
@@IrishSnwbrdr
You should probably reread my comment, and actually pay attention to what you're reading this time.
The little parts can be pushed towards earth and burn out. A snow pusher
I now have a new phobia of a claw on a long tether coming down from the sky, grabbing me, and pulling me up into space.
The clawwwwww. The claw is our master. The claw chooses who will go and who will stay.
-Jeff Pidgeon
The Claw...
Basically Sovereign from Mass Effect
You just need to have Inspector Gadget and his niece on your side to protect you from Dr. Claw.
Oh god now I fear the claw too
The mortal fear that Muriel Richard had on their face when they remembered you were American and had to convert to imperial 😂
I don’t like the idea of a one-time use space junk collector. I would think it would be expensive and wasteful. Keeping that claw design for larger debris is good but if the satellite had some propulsion to both push the debris down to earth and redirect the satellite to another piece of debris. Then with its last remaining propusion, use that to push itself to earth. This might save resources and money.
indeed. If it was possible to make collection points where the claws could deposit the satellites into those. Maybe it could recycle the materials somehow?
That would be neat. Little resource hubs for building stuff in space in the future perhaps?
Although space recycling sounds great; it still requires an infrastructure that can actually process and produce new... space junk.
I think the one-time use mechanism would be more useful if it collected multiple debris before self-destructive. Kinda like katamari damacy.
That was my first thought too, but then I figured something like that seems like a *much* harder problem on top of the challenges they're already facing with their current design.
I agree that something that could continually grab junk and send it down to Earth would be better, but the claw design here still seems like a good first step that could teach them a lot of valuable lessons for designing a better system down the road.
Agreed, it would be much better if the device would just take away the object's orbital velocity just enough to drop the periapsis into the atmosphere, the gravity and atmosphere will take care of the rest. Then it would move on to another piece of junk. It could be part of a bigger vehicle where it can go back to refuel.
Hi, I am working on the ClearSpace-1 mission at ClearSpace. I can tell you that we are demonstrating technologies with this first mission. Our plan is to off course serve more than one client with each spacecraft.
I feel like this is of those things that's get talked about alot, but nothing is done.
#FakeNews
We have a lot of those 😬
Reminds me a bit of the space robots from "Never look up" 😅
"Not my problem", "no market incentives", yada yada
Cuz it doesn't make money.. For now
I really love that the demonstration claw, clearly seen around 9:40 - 9:45 was built from Lego. 🤣🤣
It would not be able to pick up bolts/pencil size debris.
@@zollen123 LOL, for that maybe a magnet?
@@joannecarr6649 non metallic objects?
@@zollen123 Maybe a reinforced foil sheet, similar to the James Webb sails?
@@joannecarr6649As a kid growing up in the late 60's and 70's I was totally convinced you could build the whole world replica with an Erector Set, a bunch of lincoln logs and all the legos you could get your hands on.
I had the same giggle when I saw the Lego bot she had built.
Have fun all.
5:27 don't worry we're talking science language here, we use the metric. Love it 😂
Ah, the Kessler Syndrome.
This deserves a lot of attention.
If you want to read/see some fiction around this topic, the manga/anime Planetes is a good example of this subject and other space habitation topics as well.
YES! I delved into the comments to make the same suggestion.
I was gonna say the same lol.
Individual launches for each piece of junk seems very inefficient. There was something about using lasers to heat up a piece of debris causing it to "thrust" itself into our atmosphere. I wonder what happened to that.
I figure this is something you implement in incremental steps. First you do a successful tentacle mission, then you iterate and improve the design for it to have multiple uses. You add your secondary and tertiary objectives. By the 5th or 6th generation you have a self-sufficient platform that more than makes up for the trial-error-data collections of the first 3 generations.
A solar powered laser "broom" is probably the best way to clean up small debris,
but no government is particularly thrilled at the idea of another government launching a space laser that can deorbit satellites.
Yea, this way is for sure not sustainable. As I was watching this an idea came to my mind.
To deorbit the junk you need to slow it down. To continue your cleaning mission on another junk you need some deltaV. What if you steal some DeltaV from the 1st junk throwing it back? Efectlivelly you deoribit it and propell youself to next target for free
People are working on the laser deorbit system still... that is a good solution for all the small stuff.
4:25 gravity’s grip may be insignificantly lighter, but the lower density of atmospheric particles is the cause of longevity in orbit here…
I noticed that too.
I believe that is implied by including that bit at @3:53 where she says below 500km, there is enough atmospheric particles to degrade the orbit within a relatively short timespan.
@@Geeksmithing He says it himself at 4:21 "boost itself up to counteract the atmospheric drag", so it is really odd he contradict himself 4 seconds after that.
What will they do with the junk after capturing it? Burn it up in the atmosphere, gassing the metals they were made out of?
Probably burn it up in atmo, objects in lower orbits already end their life cycles by being slowed by air drag and falling down.
Exactly, very shallow video
I was waiting for that part too but unfortunately we left with no answers
Using my ksp knowledge, you may grab the satellite then do a retrograde burn and release the satellite. It will fall back down.
@@stephencheung5878 That's a lot fuel. How many times can a claw do this? How many times will it need to?
4:25 made it sound like gravity strength and not atmospheric drag was causing decay. Sorry to nitpick, great video as always. Love you Joe. Thank you for making such amazing content
I am so thankful we have folks who are thinking about this.
9:41 can we all just appreciate the wonderful use of LEGOS as a space engineering tool…..
9:44
„gravity makes all of this harder“
Michael Scott:
*all of this harder
the subtitles "Gravity makes all of us harder."
As always, another amazing edition but I must confess watching you morph into a 'Toon' was... PRICELESS!!!
Its great to seeing what our client is doing and being part of their journey. Love seeing our animation to help them better tell their story!
I feel like small, articulated, solar-powered ion-thrusters that could attach themselves to a piece of debris, gradually halt any rotation by thrusting opposite the direction of rotation, then thrust in the opposite direction of travel to gradually bleed of inertia, would be a great way to do this. You could launch many on a single mission, use the ion-thrusters to navigate to the object, then attach themselves via any of a number possible means (magnetic, self-curing epoxy, straps, etc.) You'd basically be turning any selected object into a solar-powered spacecraft with tiny-but-sustained thrust.
The other idea I had would be essentially a semi-rigid "space parachute," tuned to create drag by either reflecting sunlight or to scoop up occasional air molecule present at those altitudes (or both). The air option would also gradually accumulate air molecules inside the "scoop" of the parachute, too, increasing the mass of the object (by a miniscule amount, but still).
Hey Joe, I loved meeting you at quiz show, great vid!
Appreciating your effort🎉🎉
Congratulations on 5 million!
I wrote a paper on this problem last year and I mentioned a unique way to remove junk without the issue of making contact with the dead satellite. Hanspeter Schaub and his team have been developing a craft that uses electrostatic attraction to slowly drag the satellites out of the way. It’s like a rudimentary tractor beam. Idk if it’ll work but I thought it was a cool idea.
Great video as always
I just found you. I subscribed immediately. All good wishes.
This idea also reminds me of the movie Space Sweepers. Released in 2021 highly recommend watching
The title reminds me of kurzegsagt and their space videos
Thank you!
I love that Neal Stephenson explained all of this “to me” in his fantastic sci-fi novel, Anethem!! Fiction writers are the best.
Kessler syndrome doesn't get nearly enough attention in pop culture, so I'm very happy for this video! Starlink and similar 1000+ satellite swarm projects get me very concerned. Now that private launch systems are becoming so available, we definitely need more international rules to keep space safe for mankind against dangerous private exploitation.
it's the main plot point of an anime called Planetes, about people who work as space cleanup crew. one of my favourite hard scifi media ever. kessler syndrome also features somewhat prominently in Cowboy Bebop.
Starlink experiences atmospheric effects and thus would naturally deorbit over time. I don't think those would be the first concern
Starlink actually thought about these things... They are in LOW low earth orbit so will fall back faster, they have the world's most advanced (apart from ISS) tracking of objects and actively correct for this to avoid hitting stuff, plus they actively de-orbit at the end of life (or in any malfunction).
crazy how CG-like their real life model looks like with a little blur and bloom :)
Wow!! Those smart people are amazing 😍
i wonder when they will be putting up the first postings for space junk collector jobs ... it's gonna be lit. :')
Claw is nice for big pieces. I would like to see a huge fuzzy net or something to try to snag the smaller pieces.
At 10:35 for a moment you looked like Judge Doom, who framed Roger Rabbit. :D
Back on topic, I don’t recall this being addressed in the video but once the claw has a hold of some space debris, what does it do with it? Is the claw designed for repeated use or would they have to send out a new claw for every object that needs cleaning up? That’s going to be a whole lot of pieces…
"It's a suicide mission" ☄️
My device might be glitching but how's your comment added 13h ago when the video is uploaded only 15 min ago
@@besmart So it's 1 grabby satellite per piece of junk. That doesn't sound costly at all.
Patreon Early-Access. If a video is set to unlisted and changed to published/public, the upload time gets changed.@@Anonymo09
@@zovisapphire
Huh I posted a comment saying the same thing, idk why it's gone
I thought of an idea to turn this into a game, where the player has to collect as much trash as possible. Evey time someone logs in to the game they boot up a cleaning robot, get trash and then it goes back to the hub. Since it takes a while to train AI, humans can already do it.
Love the ADA 4x4
Literally what the anime "Planetes" was about!
Good show!
Yep, this is going to prove indispensable. One hopes that it can be cost-effective, however.
One of the shuttles experienced a cracked window pane.. they determined that it was a fleck of paint traveling at hyper speeds, striking the window cracking it. The windows on the space shuttle were 3 inchs thick with a thermal pane barrier on the outside.
Let's say this "Tentacle"-satellite works perfectly and can grab objects at any reasonable speed and rotation.
1. Then, how do you prevent creating new "microlitter" when holding mechanically the large litter object? It will hit the tentacles itself and maybe even the body of the cleanup-satellite. I liked the idea with magnets proposed at the end because there would be much less risk of creating new litter. Keep in mind that this microlitter travels extremely fast and can pierce satellites and objects which are in perfect condition.
2. Now the trash is in the tentacle. What next? You first of all have enlarged the surface of the original trash with the Tentacle. Are you going to navigate to Earth's atmosphere to let it burn down? Expensive and not scalable. Are you going to navigate away from Earth into the depths of space? Expensive and again not scalable. So is there are "Garbage Truck for Tentactle Cleaning Satellites" waiting to be filled in space? What's the solution here?
Yeah this is a junk Kickstarter-like idea. But a few things to add to your points:
1. Magnets only work for magnetic materials, so you still have debris in space
2. A solution could be to bring the stuff in a closer orbit or reduce the speed, then release the junk and speed the tentacle module up again. After all being orbit means you are traveling faster around earth than falling.
@@DerUnglaublicheFrank Thank you. 1. is clear. 2. needs a lot of energy if you want to repeat this more often, hence, it will not be scalable. But I guess you are right with your first sentence. :)
The solution to the second point has to be some kind of recycling in orbit. Building new satellites in orbit using materials already up there would save on launch costs for a start. Even if it's simple things like habitat modules for a space station which are basically just cans. Work done by robots or waldos. Waldos are a good suggestion, why train a robot when you can use a human on remote? Is LEO far enough away to make signal lag a problem?
Reminds me of "Quark", the 70s era television sci-fi sitcom about a garbage scow whose mission was to clean up space garbage.
Then there's the anime Planetes which is about space garbage cleanup and other things. A show I highly recommend :D
can i just say i adore the fact they used lego to simulate the catching process? lol (9:29)
Most of humanity is like this: "Litter everything and if it becomes a problem, clean it up". I'm of the "avoid garbage in the first place, then there's nothing to clean up" variety. Avoiding trash is always easier and cheaper than cleaning it up. Same in my household. The less I make a mess of my kitchen, the less I have to clean it up. I simply avoid making stuff dirty or having stuff lying around, then I also don't have to constantly clean and tidy up stuff. I remove excess water after showering (quick and easy with a window squeegee), so limestone never builds up in my shower (which is very hard to remove, often requires aggressive cleaning agents and still a lot of scrubbing). I do change socks, underwear and t-shirts daily but I wear the same jeans or pullover a couple of days, so I don't need to wash that often (why not if they are not sweaty or dirty?). I don't eat in my car or allow anyone else to do that, so I don't have to deal with crumbs and fat from fatty fingers. You can waste so much time and money on cleaning up a mess that would have been easy to avoid in the first place. I wish more people had this mindset, also when it comes to our environment. Instead of destroying and then somehow trying to repair, just don't destroy it.
I want to see a live feed of this mission.
All those big parts can be brought to s space station to be sorted. The little stuff? Perhaps a net can catch them. When the reservoir is full, de-orbit. Perhaps object avoidance for newer satellites?
Collecting big objects is just as important as eliminating small fragments. This will be the great engineering challenge my generation will face and I can't wait for the multiple groups that'll be doing this.
10:15 We should ask Cooper from Interstellar to pilot it along with TARS... 😂😂
joe has the lunchtime youtube videos on lock
That's great for big objects, but it's the ones too small to track that are likely the most deadly.
So much for visitors from other worlds coming. Their crafts will be blasted with this random stuff if they try to enter our atmosphere.
What are the cost projections? Who will fund this? What percentage of space junk will this work on?
Good video!
7:25 idk, space isn't programmed to literally *make* you lose the claw game 😂 but fair point, space makes everything harder
Thanks
9:40 I love that this demo uses Lego 😀
I'm your biggest fan ever sir ❤❤😊
I’m imagining the space junk claw set to the attract music from the Sports Arena Arcade Game. (The one that has you stop the blinking lights on a red light to claim a prize.)
If I'm remembering right, this fun little scenario has a name. The Kessler syndrome.
Also, I could swear I remember a Sci-Fi book I read a long time ago that had a orbital debris cleanup satellite that used some sort of net and once the net got full it would fling it back to Earth to burn up, possibly being preloaded with several
now I really want to see some one try and use that thing like one of those claw machine games trying to win a prize and it just keeps slipping
5:26 The horror😂😂
The smart Richard lady sounds like my French teacher, I am fascinated by the French English accent, which I think it's cute. I am learning French in my free time starting by listening to some French songs.
THE CLAAAAAAAW! The claw is our master. Claw chooses who will go and who will stay.
Yay! Lego prototyping!
I'm suprised they didn't mentioned the usage of LiDAR sensors. I think it would be really useful combined with machine learning. It could make a 3D model of the object with precise dimensions and distance.
love the Dodgeball ref. ADAA
The Clear Space claw robot may help to recover large intact objects and that is good.
There needs to be (an even harder to do) solution to eliminate high energy small objects as well.
One thing is certain, if we fail to clean it all up we could experience a cascading shower of space debris as a number of collisions begins a chain reaction and we all could end up going back to the 1960's with respect to communications and navigation.
This is a critically important task that must be done right and it is not at all trivial to accomplish.
This whole thing reminds me the the Sourcerer's Apprentice, who started into action systems that he could not control.
Humans have done the same thing in almost every aspect of the modern world, including human made satelites and space exploration.
'We're talking science language here....' this hit hard!
Wouldn't it be easier to use a net or something similar, so the "cleanup-robot" doesn´t need to match the rotation of the debris? Then it would maybe also have more space left, for e.g. additional fuel to use the robot more than once before deorbiting it, as the claws seem to use up quite some room if you also include their motors and additional needed generators for them.
Could you use strong magnetism, with controlled variations and amplitude at the ends of its tenticals to slowly and safely bring in the debris to a halt before capturing it? Or is this a silly idea?
i think last point is equally important as cleaning space debris, to plan future space missions with full lifespan that doesn't cause this problem in the first place.
9:44 "Gravity makes all of us harder".
Words of wisdom.
I feel like orbital laser arrays that simply vaporize space junk would be easier to use, and have more use cases in general; such as communications at low power or deflecting near Earth asteroids via targeted concentrated out gassing.
"but the higher an object is in orbit, the weaker gravity's grip" ... well, kind of. But the less atmospheric drag plays the bigger role the higher up you get. Also, solar activity can play a part in that effect as well.
So once the space junk has been captured, what happens next?
Exactly
The cleanup vehicle is directed into the Earth's atmosphere to burn up on re-entry.
@@aliensoup2420 So a single use. Sounds a wee bit expensive
i thought it would somehow throw it back to Earth then look for another piece of
space junk.
@@marksindao That magic “somehow” requires more fuel, which is heavy and requires even MORE fuel to move. We are now operating in reality, not Hollywood.
Thats great! What about earth junk?
We already know that jet exhaust is shading the planet!
The Claw is our master!
Huge problem apparently looming....good thing we have such a good track record of keeping our terrestrial environment clean.....no tragedy of the commons here!!!
Just train the claw software on Outer Wilds and then tweak the parameters afterwards! Done :P
Space force going to definitely have a clean up crew
I heard on idea, it was a gigantic nerf ball that would get struck a slow space junk down trapping it inside the nerf ball. Then you’d just decelerate the ball, burning it all up on reentry.
Well I dumbed it down because only just understood it and it was like 25 years ago.
I would suggest Cody'sLab idea of sending sand straight up without giving it speed to orbit the earth and everything thats orbiting would hit a sand cloud, slow down and burn in the atmosphere.
I'm surprised there's not more of a butterfly-net style catcher being designed, so precision and movement matching aren't as necessary.
How about sunshine coming through?
And... that claw is supposed to grab stuff and drift off with it?!? Haven't we learned anything from Douglas Adams?!?
I like how everything in the first 5min is shown and explained as if the debris is static around earth and not flying at thousands of kilometers because if it was static, it would fall to earth.
Have fun trying to catch a walnut sized metal object flying at hundreds and thousands of kilometers an hours.
Scavenger: Alright y'all get yo nets, we're going fishing. Ought to make a pretty penny with these metals.
9:03 just a nice electromagnet to pull it closer and then grip it.
when catching an object in your hand, it does in fact make contact with your palm before your fingers close around it
It would also be nice for it to fling the items toward Earth to burn up in the atmosphere. Saves returning it to Earth with each item.
"Experts agree that we will also have to stop putting new space junk into orbi", what a radical idea
I have a wild idea which might be totally crazy but it might also work. What if the tentacle grabby claw thing grabs onto the space junk and then uses the space junk's mass to propel itself to the next piece of space junk and pushing the current piece of space junk towards earth?
I might have missed it but what if the claws are already grabbed onto the debris? Will it burn it? Attq g a mini rocket and drive it out of the orbit? Use its components to repair the space stations 😅 take it apart and recycle it somehow? Melt and compress parts so it could work as an ingredient for later? Or if it can match the spin and tempo of the debris it could redirect it toward the planet? Ir bring it back means literally turn and land to earth with the object? This latter sounds unsustainable to me.
Why is there a union jack on the spacecraft? Are they sending the junk to the UK? Good.
4:25 - Incorrect terminology. Being "slightly higher up" doesn't mean "weaker gravity" which makes it stay in space longer. Even at the highest LEO (2000 km) mentioned in this video, gravity is still over 60% of what you would feel at the Earth's surface.
It's that when you're higher, the atmosphere is thinner, which reduces drag. You covered this point literally a few seconds earlier!
I think I saw something like the claw in the James Bond movie "You Only Live Twice".