ไม่สามารถเล่นวิดีโอนี้
ขออภัยในความไม่สะดวก
Eruption of the Bromine Volcano
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 22 มี.ค. 2023
- Thanks to ExpressVPN for sponsoring today's video. Go to strms.net/expr... to get your first 3 months free! #ad
Halogens are spooky, and they should always be treated with respect. In this video, we have lots of halogenated stories!
This is the 31st chempilation
If you support the channel on Patreon, you get access to monthly Patreon-exclusive chempilations. I just posted a brand new one yesterday! / thatchemist
Join the Community Discord! - / discord
Second Discord link if the first one is borked - / discord
Chempilation Playlist - • Chempilations
Reaction of aluminum with bromine - • Reaction of Aluminium ...
#ad
Producer/Lead Editor - TC
Animator/Assistant Editor - ReformLabs
Production Assistant - ToAldous
![เหนื่อยหน่อยนะ (SOMEONE LIKE ME) - GEMINI Prod. by URBOYTJ [ OFFICIAL MV ]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/M55XjfhbrNw/mqdefault.jpg)
Fluorine is yellow, I don't think Tom would try and make it!
based comment
@@That_Chemist NaOH'd and azo dyed
Weak base'd comment
@@That_Chemist imo, it is an NH3 comment
Yellow = shit
it's just science
All toms agree
One of the chemistry teachers in my high school had a flair for the dramatic.
Once, she was demonstrating how to safely handle beakers and for some reason, decided to light a burner to demonstrate. She ended up dropping it, and burning liquid splattered across several desks. After attempting a few times to put out the fire with a fire extinguisher, she ordered an evacuation.
This is the same teacher who accidentally spilled acid on her shoulder, and instead of using the safety shower, she just poured some base on her shoulder and continued with her lesson.
She demonstrated what *not* to do
That last paragraph is pretty based my dude
@@vaga4239 I wonder what the pH of the burn was
@@vaga4239 All your base.
Innovation
Hey, Bromine volcano guy here 🙋♂ Thanks for your comments towards purification. The thing is, that the incompletely brominated products are already insoluble, and as soon as you have a few percent of let's say tribromopyrene, the MOF will have too many defects or maybe won't even form the right phase, so we must be pretty fussy about this. But we have figured things out so everything is good (and to this day, i still did not take any damage igniting the bromine volcano) :D
Did you find anything that dissolved the tetrabromopyrene?
Dude! Cool story mate, thanks for sharing.
Not 'a' Bromine Volcano, THE Bromine Volcano. The Bromine Volcano to End All Bromine Volcanoes.
That fluorine story, oh my god. I've come across fairly sketchy amateur chemistry projects but that's really something. Distillation of H2SO4 (definitely do not try at home) is tame compared to making F2.
Jesus Christ.
I think in the field of human endeavours, isolating elemental fluorine is comparably impressive to climbing Mount Everest, given the number of people who died attempting either before anyone succeeded.
For the HF exposure, I think he means on 1-2% of your skin surface. That's the only thing I can think of that might make sense. I'd expect it would have to be pretty concentrated too.
1-2% of your body is still a lot
@@That_Chemist it is, especially with HF. I've had thermal burns over most of one leg that weren't life threatening, but with HF you'd definitely be dead.
According to Princeton 1-2% on 10% of your body can be fatal. In the lab I work in and in the clean room we have large quantities of HF in a designated hood, in a designated room in the case of the clean room, and additional PPE on top of that. It’s used in materials Chem labs like ours to surface prep silicon wafers since it’s pretty much the only thing that can cleanly eat through the intrinsic oxide layer. HF to my knowledge attacks through multiple ways, going into your bones and eating you all the while stopping calcium transport in your muscles… making them stop working (your heart too, since it’s also a muscle). So yes we are trained by the staff who teach us that even a few drops can be deadly, extremely painful, leading to at the very least amputations. We have calcium gluconate creams in little paste containers which you’re supposed to treat exposure with so it competes with the fluoride ion binding inside the body. And common toothpaste is only 0.01-0.001% fluoride, which is also in such a low quantity in your mouth, so much less exposure for sure. No one should ever not be scared of HF no matter the amount since I also assume our bodies might respond differently to it. :)
1-2% fluorine can definitely kill you. dilute hydrofluoric acid produces delayed burns, so you are more likely to get a significant amount on your skin without realizing
I have a little bit story of mine when I'm so into backyard chemistry. One day I was planning to do a sysnthesis of different naphthalene derivatives (since it is my favorite chemical) in my tools shed. I was planning to extract the naphthalene from mothballs, but at that time I havent found procedures on how to extract naphthalene from mothballs, so I decided to take advantage of solubility of paradichlorobenzene in acetone since naphthalene isnt really soluble in it, so I load up a bunch of crushed mothballs in a beaker then I dump around 200ml of acetone. While I was mixing a slury of mothballs and acetone with a glass rod, a friend of mine suddenly called me to barrow a set of pliers which are stored at the far end of the shed. While I was about to go out I tripped on a some car wheels that are on the floor and accidentally knock the table where I was doing the naphthalene extraction. The beaker flew into the air and squarely drop directly on my head, giving me a naphthalene/ paradichlorobenzene bath. I immediately run toward the bathroom, I remove all my clothes and wash myself in the shower. Moral of the story, always clean your workstation or lab and always be careful about tripping hazards....
Sad thing is, I remember this is actually in the "golden book of chemistry", that 1950's wonder.... all you had to do was warm the mothballs with a container full of ice sitting on top of it. Napthalene will crystallize on the bottom of the cold container and can be scraped off in pure form.
They had a similar process for purifying iodine.
@@mfree80286 hm now this is cool but ya be safe about it
In my first lab class in University we weren't allowed to use gloves bc "working with gloves promotes a sloppy work style" and that we wouldn't respect the chemicals as much. We worked with barely any supervision and handled leaky H2O2, potassium dichromate and oxine bottles and also some other very healthy stuff. As well as HCL (conc.), H2SO4 (conc.), H3PO4 (conc.) and a variety of some heavy metals including HgCl2, SnCl2 (remember no gloves). My favourite memory is when on the last day (clean up day) most people gassed themselfed wenn the TA(technical assistant) told everybody that we can just pour all of our acids down the drain but to be sure to use enough water. So a LOT and i mean like at least 80% of the student took the HCL(conc.) and started to pour away.They immediatly got engulfed by a nice cloud and fell into a coughing fit. Fun times :)
god dam i hope ya played it safer then thoes idiots and tried to not do so,
Happy to see you getting real sponsors now dude. Been a while, had a busy life past few months. Back to some of my favorite content;
Welcome back!
@@That_Chemist I really respect and appreciate you responding to so many comments and questions, (especially ones I've posted!). You'll only be able to for so long until you get more and more viewers! Great stuff dude I'm so happy to see you get some mainstream TH-cam sponsor deals. You definitely deserve it!
this may not be as wild of a story as others, but back in AP chem me and a friend were making silver and gold pennies by heating a penny in a zinc-NaOH solution. Once we finished the lab we decided to see if we could melt a penny. We put a penny on a hot plate, turned the heat all the way up and let it sit. the hot plate gets up to 550C, zinc melts at ~400, and copper at ~1000, so i guess we ended up with a copper ballon filled with molten zinc. my friend tried to test if it was melting by stabbing it with an exacto knife. It popped.
Speaking of bromine, a few months ago in my organic chemistry basics lab we brominated maleic acid. We were supervised by PhD students in groups of eight people or so. He said he would supervise one of us adding the bromine into the reaction flask while the others were watching and could ask questions before the rest of us then were supposed to do it themselves unsupervised. I volunteered to go first with him supervising. So I filled up a small erlenmeyer flask with enough bromine for my entire row as was standard procedure for all chemicals (about 30 ml). As I pipetted the bromine I needed into a measuring cylinder, a bit of bromine leaked out of the pipette and our supervisor just told me to quench it with some NaSO3 solution I had in a beaker nearby. Once I was done with this I proceeded to add the bromine into my reaction flask but while doing that, I accidentally knocked over the erlenmeyer flask still containing about 22 ml of bromine, filling my fume hood with nice orange vapours. In the end, I was lucky my fume hood worked well enough and I had missed the metallic parts of my setup so I was done quenching it with about half a liter of NaSO3 solution and didn't feel any indications of bromine poisoning. Also, everybody in that lab got a first hand demonstration of what to do if they spill large amounts of bromine. However, ever since that day I don't really want to work with bromine any more.
Just want to put a story down
I was in Boy Scouts on a summer camp getting my chemistry badge, and we were doing the alcohol on water experiment. It went well until the fire got in the plastic beaker. He tried picking it up by the top and basically splashed the entire front of the building in fire, including the laptop the instructors were using. We bolted and he got the fire extinguisher. The other 3 classes had to be outside and the welding guys did not let this down. Got the badge but didnt get eagle because of unrelated issues.
10/10 best fire safety demonstration
"some sort of chemical crust that seemed corrosive to touch" my personal favourite lapse in common sense from this video (out of many)
My mom has a bachelors in chemistry, so I get all sorts of fun stories from her college years. I have to say my favorite was the titration explosion. This story might not be 100% accurate, as my mom graduated college in the early 90s, and she doesn't remember all the details from the incident since she only watched it happen, but it goes something like this:
A classmate of hers was titrating an acid (which she assumes was sulfuric acid) into a flask with some sort of base in it (she doesnt remember what it was). As he was doing this, he went to grab something and the burette stopcock popped out (all on its own!), flooding the flask and hood with sulfuric acid. She says she watched his eyes go really wide, then he dropped everything and slammed the sash shut just as the two chemicals decided to create a lovely exothermic reaction. She thinks that the only reason he didn't end up with worse injuries was his split second descion making. He may have gotten acid on his shoes, but replacing shoes is a very minor inconvenience when compared to the fact that he could have ended up with chemical burns or glass shards embedded in him
I have more stories from her lab years, including how she discovered she is very violently allergic to even trace amounts of formaldehyde!
woah i didnt expect mine to be posted, nice to know that more people will be aware of this hazard, a person on ex&f had a generator explode when he added hypochlorite to the TCCA and that is better known, but I only found documentation of this reaction in a paper about the stability of pool chlorine. Something of note is depending on the order of addition (thus which is limiting), you can safely form hypochlorite from TCCA (TCCA powder slowly added to cold NaOH with good stirring) but if you do it the other way, it'll make chloramine. Sodium carbonate and bicarbonate appears to also cause chloramine formation btw, so for neutralization use thiosulfate or other reducing agent, then NaOH after all of the chlorine has been reduced
ExpressVPN might use high end servers, but do they use high end Bromine? Can they play Eruption like Eddie Van Halen? No VPN can give a suburban housewife a bromine eruption like Eddie can. So yeah.
xD
What did I just read?
@@pierreproudhon9008 Word association I thought sounded mildly amusing 😅
@@michaelbrodsky It was incredibly amusing, almost having multiple layers of meaning. It’s one of the more brilliant comments I’ve read.
I love these stories, I just wish we got them more frequently/longer episodes.
Though of course your work comes first
There are no shortage of halogen stories .
Halogens are chaos disguised as matter .
Magnetron: the price is the least of the concern-it's being driven by someone on the order of 2kV to 15kV at fairly substantial currents. The reporter was quite lucky he wasn't zapped like a fly.
omg finally somewhere this story is relevant. I'm by no means a chemist or familiar with it but I've loved learning ever since i was little. We often went to our local discovery center, a place dedicated to teaching kids about different sciences & math, and I loved watching their science demonstrations. In hindsight there was never really good PPE or safety measures until this one incident. A worker came out on the floor and said they were about to begin a science experiment/demonstration. There were a good 20-30 kids aged 5-10 in a circle around the presenter who had a beaker, a cork, a balloon, and some chemicals of some kind. The demonstration was on expansion and contraction- which was pretty cool to learn as an 8 year old. Well, after showing air filling and escaping a balloon, he moved on to the glass beaker. Now im not sure what he used but he put some kind of chemical composition into the beaker that would fill it with some kind of gas. This gas was to then pop the cork off the jar, showing how contained air will create a way for itself to escape if it keeps expanding. Instead what happened was he filled the glass beaker with the chemicals and put the cork on too tightly, causing the glass beaker to explode- it fired glass into the crowd of children and omg it was chaos. Police and ambulance were called and the center was closed months afterwards. Luckily, no one was seriously injured (somehow despite a bunch of children not wearing ANY PPE being eye level to the beaker when it exploded)
💀💀💀
Non-chemist but interested viewer here.
I was working at a local seafood restaurant one night, I think it was maybe a Wednesday or Thursday, not sure. I was really excited at this job to have a bit more control as my boss there was very open to ideas I suggested and I wanted to show him I was an outstanding employee by trying to stay busy even when we were slow. In restaurants, waste water from sinks or the dishwasher is piped into a floor drain, where it then makes it's way off to wherever the municipal sewage takes over, but those drain systems tend to get nasty clogs over time, which will then flood nasty water all over the floor. My boss had bought some Drain cleaner (Hydrochloric Acid) as a last stich effort to fix the issue before calling a plumber and getting it professionally cleaned. Now heres me, the bored employee on a slow night, trying to stay busy. I decided to try and use the chemical, since it had already flooded twice that night. I read the bottle instructions, put on rubber gloves and sinched my glasses on tight, measured out the correct amount and poured it in the drain. Immediately, it starts violently bubbling and clashing and I back away quickly, letting it do it's thing. I come back a few minutes later to the nasty rotten egg smell and realize that in order to follow the next step in the instructions, which was to run cold water, I'd have to make my way back into the enclosed corner to turn on the sink. I begrudgingly ran back and drew the faucet, and started coughing and gagging after running out.
Tldr I used Hydrochloric acid drain cleaner in an enclosed space without adequate ventilation and fumigated an entire kitchen.
18:12 That last comment on entropy 😂
The method I remember for lighting bunsen burners was using wooden splints. The first splint would be lit with a match, but subsequent splints would generally be lit off an already lit burner.
6:12 this reminds me of a funny little story. In my undergrad education, during the summer between my fourth and fifth years, I was working as an undergraduate researcher on campus in an inorganic lab synthesizing organic linkers for MOFs. The first reaction I ran was an acylation using thionyl chloride and a di-carboxylic acid. At this point in my chemistry education I was pretty good at O chem, and I know what thionyl chloride was. I could push arrows to show what happens when it gets hydrolyzed and show the correct product, HCl. Well, when I was quenching it after the reaction, I guess it got too hot and started precipitating what I assume was elemental sulfur. I remember looking at it and thinking "oh sulfur! Its the funny smell element, let me take a whiff I've never actually seen this stuff". It was not the smell of sulfur but of HCl vapors that entered my lungs. It was great reminder that chemistry classes don't teach common sense.
sounds like something I would do
My supervisor likes to tell the story of how our old chemistry building burned down...
Back in the 90s, some students in one of the research groups at our university were playing lab golf (basically trying to throw cork rings into faraway containers/targets). One of them managed to hit a THF still set up in one of the F/Cs, causing the still to fall over and smash. The solvent was ignited by the electronics in the hotplate, causing what would have been a fairly serious but probably dealable fire. However, someone had left several solvent washbottles on the F/C sash...with the nozzles pointing out into the room, causing them to spew flaming solvent into the middle of the room and leading to the evacuation and eventual total destruction of the building. Long story short, our chemistry building is now significantly distanced from the other buildings on campus...
Ok this story is 40 years old...we had to evacuate school one afternoon, because it was said that someone had accidentally made TNT or was making it in the process of making a significant quantity in a fume cupboard. Because they had picked up the wrong materials from the lab assistant and had not read the labels on the bottle.
The amount they were about to make would have:
1- killed them and injured many other students because...., 2- the explosion would have ruptured all the gas piping and and caused a secondary explosion which would have damaged the school chemistry block.
Upshot was the entire school had to stand outside in the rain until the Army EOD team arrived and dealt with the materials they had inadvertently created. They however were not expelled for being "Stupid", because the lab assistant fault had not checked out what they had picked up, but noticed about 5 mins later what was missing and raised the alarm- the lab assistant resigned as they accepted it was their responsibility not the student.
I didn't mind the standing in the rain bit, we were playing rugby that afternoon, so we're outside anyway and got the story from the Chemistry teacher the following science period along with a reminders that we should always "check the labels on containers",before we start experiments.
Tom has enough sense not to make fluorine in his garden shed.
Mind you, it doesn't take much sense to know that's a bad idea, but he has at least that much 😂
My Bromine story:
When I was in Grade 11 we had two Physical Science classes next to each other with simultaneous classes. During one of these classes there was a commotion next door. It turned out that the teacher was showing the class next door a sealed ampoule of Bromine and explained that they usually have to use a hammer to open them. One guy asked if he could try to break it open. The teacher actually gave it to him, expecting him to fail. Unfortunately the ampoule exploded from the pressure he exerted. This gave him a yellowish chemical burn on his stomach that took a few months to vanish
💀
New video idea: NMR solvent tierlist, where the criteria would be to evaluate price (boo THF-d8) solubility, and where (and how) solvent peaks show up, and whether it obscures important NMR handles (e.g. I always choose DCM-d2 over chloroform-d because the solvent peak of the latter show up at 7.26 ppm, right in the middle of the aromatic region - and I work with heterocycles a lot)
I’m not a chemist, I’m not even a college graduate. But I’ve been found of everything science and in my 30s I’ve become infatuated with chemistry! I have learned so much from your videos but still know nothing compared to all of you!! Thank you for sharing and making learning enjoyable
8:44 As a physician, I can confirm that the smallest amounts of fluorine can be deadly. A palm-sized burn with diluted hydrofluoric acid must be treated medically under all circumstances. Here it is not the chemical burn that is dangerous, but the amount of fluorine absorbed as a result. I can't warn you enough about it at all. Please keep hands off HF or F2 if you don't have the necessary expertise and equipment. There are few university labs in the world that have the expertise and equipment to work with F2. I know one in Marburg and one in Munich, both in Germany. In Munich I have already had to treat people with acute fluorine poisoning which they had contracted with diluted HF. Please keep your hands off it.
Why am I watching a video on a Bromine volcano and not an SCP? Science always gets me..
4:56 i had the same happen to me, tcca here is mixed with sodium carbonate, which surprisingly can make it decompose as well, there are two varieties of pool chlorine avalible here, one is pure tcca in big tablets, and one is the stuff mixed with carbonate, i shook the TCCA powder and then wanted to slurry it, added some water and it began bubbling, i got weirded out and moved it a bit away from me, and just before setting it down it made a big BANG, tcca powder, glass and the sorts spread everywhere. there was not a single piece larger then 1cm remaining from the used 1L RBF
17:47 "this is a really good teachable moment" I'd argue that a really good teachable moment involves you learning not to mess with chlorine, _before_ you try to mess with chlorine. A very preventable situation wasn't prevented, and someone got hurt as a result.
hopefully that's what this video accomplishes
The Periodic table is not just something to wear on a funny t-shirt. Halogens are highly reactive due to their structure, and in a working apparatus with sufficient concentration, they are dangerous. And safety is basically an engineered process, regardless of the setting...commercial, industrial, even residential. And having a means to quench or control a reaction rate, in place before starting a dangerous reaction, is vital.
The worst part about cleaning up entropy is that as soon as you get done you turn around and find even more than you just cleaned up somewhere else.
Less dangerous way of making fluorine is maybe the decomposition of high valent fluorides
When I was a kid we used to grind up naptha in the food processor to make our own laundry soap. Well I told one of my more chemically-minded friends about this experience one day, and neither of us were aware that naptha does not actually contain napthalene (nor was I aware of napthalene's properties or even really what it was) so we basically had a shared chemistry-induced panic attack thinking I was gonna get cancer because I ground up what was basically just turpentine with my mom a few times as a kid. I specifically remember a very concerned "Did...did you put napthalene in a blender????"
5:08 It's not really the same situation, but the mention of an ozone/chlorine smell reminded me of my run-in with unintentional chloramines. There were unexpected plumbing issues in the house, and as a result, a fairly large amount of...shall we say nitrogen-containing material accumulated in the toilet. Nothing could be done until the plumbing could get running again. But I didn't want a toilet full of fermenting waste products to stink up the whole house, so I added (you guessed it!) sodium hypochlorite bleach.
When the foulness in the toilet started fizzing and bubbling, I suddenly remembered a couple of videos I'd seen about producing chloramines from hypochlorite and nitrogen-containing compounds. I can absolutely endorse the chlorine/ozone smell. It's very sharp and irritating. It smells intensely clinical. It smells like disinfectant. And it smells like it's doing horrible things to everything it touches. Luckily, I realized that I could fill a container of water in the bathtub and flush the toilet "manually" by pouring it into the bowl, so I was able to dilute and dispose of the toxic froth.
That gas of chloramines remains one of the vilest things I've ever smelled.
that sounds awful
One hand for the lab, the other for the calculator, unless playing real life minesweeper whenever having to itch an eyelid while working sounds like fun.
The upside, now I have a cool backlit calculator; the downside, my classic TI-behemoth is too scary to use and biding time until the next unsuspecting victim makes a discovery.
I was browing eBay a few years back and stumbled on a listing for ammonium bifluoride for like $10. I didn't have any projects in mind that I needed it for but thought it was an interesting opportunity to acquire a fluoride source so went ahead and bought it. Am yet to do anything with it yet I'm too scared to haha
They actually sell that in craft stores as glass etchant. I got some for a similar task and didn't trust the plastic (!) bottle it came in, so placed that bottle in a mason jar and sealed it.
That bottle of etchant is still in that jar, but the inside of the jar is now opaque as indeed... the bottle leaches HF vapors.
Similar task? I used it to remove peeling antiglare coating from my polycarbonate eyeglass lenses because I'm weirdly cheap. And yes, it worked perfectly.
I recently discovered your videos and while I am not a chemist I do have a couple of stories involving chemicals in my line of work that I would like to share. I have been an IT pro for almost a decade mostly working in the chemical industry and it is amazing seeing how many chemical engineers seem to forget that every day objects are still chemicals that need to be handled properly.
We had a toner spill at one of our chemical plants. If you are not aware laser printer toner is a fine powder made from a mixture of metals and dyes. It is carcinogenic and highly flammable in its powdered form, one of the chemical engineers at the plant where this happened decided that it would be a good idea to grab a vacuum cleaner out of the near by supply closet and clean the mess up himself rather than report it. This was a terrible idea as normal vacuum cleaners make a lot of static electricity in this case enough to ignite the now airborne toner and cause the vacuum cleaner to explode setting our break room on fire.
Luckily he was wearing fire retardant clothing that is required for the manufacturing areas at this plant and escaped with only missing eyebrows and the fire was put out quickly before anyone else was harmed.
moral of the story is if you dont know what the cleanup procedure is for a chemical ask for help, and if you get toner on your skin wash it off that stuff is nasty
That is CRAZY!
Yo, just a suggestion, could you give these episodes a keyword and a number? I clicked on this expecting a video of a bromine volcano!
Also a numbering for these "story time" episodes would give us a better time of finding specific stories or binging them in order.
It’s in the video description and it’s in order in the chempilation playlist
"Speedrun life" LOL 😂
Not being given gloves to work with reminds me of my first semester chemistry lab experience some years ago. I had previously done an apprenticeship as a lab technician and been working in chemistry labs regularly for a couple of years. I was shocked to hear they didn’t want to give us protective gloves for most tasks (including working with concentrated acids), apparently so we would “learn to work carefully” with the chemicals. I find this to be really stupid to this day and assume it may more likely have been a cost-saving measure, so inexperienced students wouldn’t waste an enormous amount of gloves. Still, I believe it’s better to wear PPE too often than once too little.
I'm down to try chlorine and bromine once in the presence of experts with like, a medic on standby just to get somewhat of an experience of what some of the people who fought in WW1 had to face, just feels like something that I've got to do in this life.
there are magnetrons in microwaves,but i'd imagine that those in labs are pretty expensive
Researchers attempted to create a Francium Astatine fountain. Reaction was so quick, they couldn't detect it. Dismissed by peers as a FrAt boy stunt.
I love your videos! I can't get enough of these! I usually listen to them while cooking or transplanting seeds 😂🌱🍅 Have you ever tried using DeepAI or other AI text generators to write short papers or tell you how to do reactions! I think it would make a really good video!!
I'll include a quick example.... below is a result from asking DeepAI text generator...
* how I can nitrate a gerbil and a potato at the same time *
It is not possible to nitrate a gerbil and a potato simultaneously. Nitrating requires reacting substances with highly concentrated nitric acid, and based on safety concerns, this cannot be done with both a gerbil and a potato together. It is however possible to nitrate them separately. To nitrate a gerbil, the gerbil must be dried and then the dried gerbil should be exposed to between 5% and 12% concentrated nitric acid until the gerbil has dissolved into a paste. To nitrate a potato, it must be cut into thin slices and soaked in 12% nitric acid until a yellowish liquid appears.
10:42 Pure HF and HF in water are also not very conductive (like pure water), whereas KHF2 is ionic and thus more conductive*. HF is a weak acid meaning it only ionizes a small amount into H+ and F-, so it's not able to conduct enough current for electrolysis. Remember: in order for current to flow there must be ions, traditionally these are electrons in a metal but current measures the amount coulombs flowing past a point per unit time, it doesn't discriminate. Thus you either need to expend extra energy ionizing the HF (which requires a high enough voltage to ionize the HF) or you can just add some fluoride salt, the original method used by Henri Moissan is actually very similar to the method used by No Scheduled Substances, instead involving anhydrous HF (!) and starting with solid KHF2 rather than making it in situ, and then electrolyzing the mixture directly to F2 (note that Henri Moissan was later killed by fluorine poisoning)
*In the liquid phase or in solution; the ions cannot move in the solid phase
holy shit that fluorine story is fucking crazy
when my passion for chemistry began, thoughts of what I could do rushed through my head. I didn't want to do any experiments that you could find on TH-cam, I wanted to do things that I haven't seen before (which is concerning for a 13 year old kid). although I did see some hesitation, my dad loved my love for chemistry so he wanted to do these experiments as well. one of these experiments was making a cool looking candle. I knew that sulfur burned a deep blue color, so I decided to mix sulfur in with a burning candle. for those who don't know, THAT MAKES H2S GAS! we didn't see any change after a few minutes so we went inside to check on it later. when I decided to check on it, I saw it burning blue and rushed outside to see it up close. I got very close to it, i saw that it was spitting molten wax out of the tea light, I was thrilled, but despite the success, there was a big downside. my lungs felt terrible, I immediately walked back out of fear, I felt like my lungs were almost smaller, dry like when your sick. I rushed back inside, told my dad but he wasn't too worried. my lungs became better by the next day, and i can still see a wax stain on the concrete where that happened.
We got ALL the halogens in this video! :D
No astatine 🥲
That Chemist uploaded, time to crack a ginger ale.
15:19 Aha, finally something I can shed light on. HCl in plastic bottles will eventually leach through, but immediately reacts with any ammonia-containing content in room air. Thus, old plastic bottles of HCl will gradually develop a coating of 'snow'... which is just ammonium chloride.
I have one in my basement... though it's now sitting in a poly bag in a plastic trash can *just* in case the bottle is embrittling. That's just muriatic acid though...
this is how we light bunsen burner in mothercountry
If I'm on a list is because I asked the UK government about guidelines for licensing for making crop fertilisers. Basically some people used to abuse certain fertilisers presumably as a downer/deliriant I don't know and I'm no Albert Hoffman
Aqua regia is great for resolving stuff
I am a senior chemistry major and I'm going to grad school next year in the fall for inorganic chemistry. And stuff like this is why I'm scared to being a lab TA
where did you got that thumbnail from? that looks awesome.
Nick used one of the AIs and then I stretched out the edges so it was 16:9 lol
I saw the thumbnail and thought at first it was a Chemical Force video.
10:20 pretty sure they were smoking a lot of things in the 60's I mean who can forget Bananadine.
Talking of insoluble compounds, as a process chemist I once worked on a compound that was absolute brick dust, to the point it only dissolved in very hot polar solvents like dmso. We did a Pd coupling on this compound and had to optimise removing the residual Pd from the also brickdust product as you generally do. We spent a while on this problem, before a more senior chemist on the project settled on treating the product with activated carbon in boiling DMAc, then let it partially cool and filter the (still very hot) mixture. Terrible, would not recommend.
💀
some 34 years ago i was working at a gallium refinery and was shown 2 pallets in the stores one had a heap of what once was butterfly valve with just the stainless steel shaft and screws left of the internals and the other had what once were carbon steel end blanks one side had a small hole in it the other looked like honeycomb i was told that they where from when they where commissioning the stainless still piping around the plant to do that they pump nitric acid through them to pickle the welds on the inside of the piping well they also found where all the carbon steel parts where as the acid started spraying out. i now work where there is gigalitres of caustic soda pumped around
all this talk of being gassed reminds me of the time at work the machine I was operating just kept jamming up. Its the machine that fills canisters of aerosol with propellant. The product inside the cans was a form of rust breaker and every time I stepped into the bunker room the machine works in I got a big lungful of the stuff. Unjamming it can often cause more product to be dispersed as well. I was not having a fun time, needless to say. My lungs had a constant angry presence for the rest of my day on that machine. I think this was the same day the next shift's operator was actually hospitalized after another zinc based product kept coming out of the gassing machine with broken valves spray a jet of product into the air.
When I went to direct another fan onto the operator during our overlap (long OT) the supervisor yelled at me to get back to my (adjacent) machine. He chilled tf out with me for the next couple weeks after that.
At least im not one of the guys mixxing this crap in back without respirators or gloves. One time I held a conversation with a long-timer over an open drum of Bromyl Alcohol. I could smell it and did not like it but also wanted to know just how bad the people back there had it. The individual didnt seem phased in the slightest.
I however will not go back there when we run TCE products. Fuck that snot.
Can you do a video on MSG (monosodium glutamate)?
Yay chempilation! My mom got me a big fluorite rock so as long as I don’t get any strong acids near it I should be safe lmao
I don’t do chemistry or have any acids like that so I should be fine right?
You only have to buy anhydrous HF and KHF2 to let’s say stockpile some F2 for definitely not storing them in glass bottles
Morning, could you please make a Tierist video on molecules that look like animals and their significance?
a magnetron is worth less than one microwave (the kitchen appliance, magnetron also what a microwave is called in Dutch
they coat a lot of produce in wax now actually
not the bromine volcano 😰😰
Honestly, I just keep realizing that I was right in feeling as if we needed gloves in my labs.. also poor chlorine story.. i know what that feels like too. Just no safety in my childhood
Dude, 4 am, why aren't you sleeping?
8pm for me - sponsor approved the video - why make the people wait?
its 4am for me aswell. the question should be, why you arent sleeping ;)
What time zones do you gents live in? GMT -5 here.
@@pedrovargas2181 +2
@@pedrovargas2181 I’d assume somewhere in Europe possibly the Uk they are 8 hours ahead so that lines up
A garden hose is great as eyewash station. It's bendy so you can aim at your eyes easily. But you should never make F2 or HF at home... Not as a chemist and especially not if you're not a chemist! I would probably not even work with that stuff in the lab so... Big nope
And... "Speedrun life" is probably the best thing I've ever heard in my life 😂👌
Tom hates flourine after it is yellow chem
stickin with mullvad
3:43
Isnt that a graham condenser?
Or is my streaming quality just thay bad?
03:27 »[…] which is called a dimroth condenser, not super common in research labs«…uhm…in labs I was so far, reflux was done with dimroth condensers, so in my experience, they are quite common, at least in German labs.
interesting - here it is usually claisen condensers and west condensers - screw graham condensers
So in case people didnt know brominated vegtable oil is used in a lot of citrus drinks and before 2020 was in mountian dew
What country to these people live in?
When I got high school "Science" we always needed to wear lab coats and glasses. And its not like we got very dangerous experiments, one of them was literally observing the boiling point of water, how riveting.
Cool thumbnail.
why would you make chlorine from tcca,a complex chemical,rather than manganese tetrachloride?
ah its pool tablets that explains it
i was thinking of a derivative of that glowstick thing
what an abromination
@6:47 Yogurt writes "Next year when I was 16" Sixteen? Years old? What the actual f&#*?
So HF burns larger than 160 cm^2 (at 48% solution) can cause systemic fluoride toxicity and result in death
Given a single finger is around 50-60cm^2, that's........ that's not good.
@@mfree80286 and a lot of the time, they don't hurt because fluoride c can block pain signals
It’s one thing to make bromine or I guess even using a sealed chlorine generator system at home but fluorine gas NO
19M sodium hydroxide sounds horrfying, good god.
You should make a podcast
I was working for a chemical supplier one day I was bottling sulfuric acid and I spilled some on me. Not long later in underwear I was in my boss office asking if we have a pair of spare pants 😢
Not my greatest achievement XD
Why was using a water hose as an eyewash such a shock to you??
Cause at least where I live, solid debris regularly could come out of the hose (I’m not sure where it comes from)
I think the fluorine guy might be dead instead of injured had they not been working outside. When doing sketchy stuff at small scale there's a lot to be said for the ventilation and ability to run away (and in some climates, avoid fires) that working outdoors affords, especially compared to the cheap end of DIY hoods. Fluorine guy was reckless but in that important way more careful than a lot of amateur chemists whose stories end up here.
Dude I don't get it why the guy lighting the burner with the paper towel was such a horrific thing, you can light a stove with a match, it's the same principle, right?
cause it was in a lab and the ashes would get everywhere and it could start a fire
... surely to light a bunsen burner from another that's already lit, you just flamethrower the unlit one. why use a paper tower as in intermediary? it's been decades but i'm sure you just lit one from the next
didn't inhale any of the gas but still smelled it, wut
Where do these people post their stories ??
usually in the YT comments or the TC Discord (#story-submissions); its less likely to get missed if you post a story in the appropriate channel of the Discord
If you think nitrogen trichloride is unstable, could you imagine how bad nitrogen triazide would be? It's a hypothetical compound - N(N3)3
fun fact - N5- (pentazolate anion) and N5+ (pentazolium) have both been prepared by Karl Criste - he tried to combine them to make pentazolium pentazolate but they just decomposed to N2 gas every single time
@@That_Chemist didn't know that - thanks! Another unrealized all-Nitrogen compound is Octaazacubane, N8. If it _is_ ever synthesized, it already has a nickname - Nate. 😉
@@That_Chemist Also, the same Karl Christe generated fluorine gas from HF for the first time in 1986. The Wiki article on Fluorine has the details under the section 'Laboratory Routes'
Yeah he’s a nice guy - I’ve met him a few times at conferences
@@That_Chemist 😎
Nice AI generated thumbnail. No seriously, nice job using AI for what it’s made for.
the one annoying thing is most AI renders are square, so I still need to do a tiny bit of work; we have a thumbnail artist for the main series, but AI art makes sense for chempilations
If you’re looking into anti ripening gases it would be worth mentioning enzymes and how transgenes can change expression of enzymes to slow ripening