During WW2 in the Netherlands around 5% was in the resistance and 10% collaborated. I covered Dutch collaboration on this channel. Please check: th-cam.com/video/bQlF0ia-ABA/w-d-xo.html
Roger, The Nazis treated the Dutch and other Germanic peoples far better than others the occupied. They wanted them to join the Reich. There were fascists and Nazi sympathizers before the war. Also, the Netherlands and Germany are neighboring countries and there were many intermarriages in neighboring communities, where people spoke both languages.
De Geuzen (The Beggars) might seem like a strange name for a resistance group, until you realize that it is a reference to the Eighty Years' War. If I remember correctly, first the Dutch nobles formally protesting against the Spanish King violating their rights were called that mockingly, then the rebels adopted this name.
Stefan, documentaries like this always make me a bit depressed. The courage and risk appetite of these - often young - heroes bring tears to my eyes. Take e.g. a Hannie Schaft who was not yet 25 years old when she was executed just before the liberation. Just a little older than my sons, who enjoy life, as young people should. With tears in my eyes, I think that such heroes, forced by circumstances, did the bravest thing they could. Respect for them, may their name liveth for evermore!. Thank you for sharing.
Dutch Philosopher Hugo Grotius once stated: "A man cannot govern a nation if he cannot govern a city; he cannot govern a city if he cannot govern a family; he cannot govern a family unless he can govern himself; and he cannot govern himself unless his passions are subject to reason.”
G'day, Somebody should have mentioned that, perhaps, to the Excited Status of Norte ArmedmeriKano...; before they voted to inaugurate Trumpy as their Prissydunce, back in 2016... It might have saved much unpleasantness, if the Yanquis had have underconstumbled that lying self-deluded pretentious Wankers do not good leaders make. Such is life, Have a good one.... Stay safe. ;-p Ciao !
Proud yes of the real ones and the other side a lot of people weren’t heroes.... About seventy percent of the dutch jews were killed. When the survivors came back they were treated very very badly , something to be very ashamed of .
If that is so, where have they all gone? Oftewel, nu zeggen ze dat ze allemaal Joden op zolder hadden. Nou, waar zijn ze gebleven dan? (Jules Deelder.... Amsterdam)
There is not much information about the participation of the Netherlands in WW2, and even less about Dutch resistance. So, this video is a valuable source of information. Thank you ever so much and more videos on the same subject will be welcome. These heroes deserve our gratitude and respect.
I have been waiting for this video for a long time, my grandfather used to tell me stories about how they used to hide airman in their house. If the Germans came around they would tell them that they had the flu to keep them away. On another occasion they hid them in the attic and as it was a terraced house with no divides in the roof they where able to escape to a house further down the street.
Weer bedankt voor jou bijdrage over de geschiedenis van de tweede wereld oorlog weer duidelijk en informatief, daarnaast zijn wij tot in den eeuwigheid de moedige mannen en vrouwen dank verschuldigd die zich hebben opgeofferd voor hun medemensen, ik ben eind jaren 80 toevallig tijdens een verbouwing van de gevangenis van Scheveningen in de dodencel geweest iets waarvan ik nog steeds de koude rillingen krijg als ik daar aan terug denk.
As a child of Dutch parents who emigrated to Canada after the war I would very much like to see you do more videos on the Dutch resistance. I was wondering if you could also do a video on Princess Beatrix who was born in Ottawa during the war. That's a very interesting story unto itself as is the very special relationship between The Netherlands and Canada that lasts to this day.
there's a movie on the dutch resistance in the world war 2 dutch war museum, only able to be watched in that museum, my great grandfather is in that movie as well as in dutch war history books "Gerrijt Pleij" was his name
I would love to hear more about the Dutch Resistance. My grandfather was part of the resistance but he never talked about it. We found out some of the details from his brother-in-law after my grandfather's death. It would have been nice to know his story.
my great grandfather started the dutch resistance in Barneveld, hes a dutch hero and one of a kind, he kept jews alive by bringing them to castle de schaffelaar and he stole ketchup packets from German supply camps to give to the jews to keep them alive and he did that when he lied to the germans about him being a cook, he kept dutch prisoners alive by giving them the packets of ketchup
Behind enemy lines on the eastern side of 'Hell's Highway' (N-E.Brabant- Limburg Resistance) #1.) th-cam.com/video/bmyU4q65bAI/w-d-xo.html #2.)th-cam.com/video/eiizUMsHPUg/w-d-xo.html #3.)th-cam.com/video/h3kKPW4OrKs/w-d-xo.html Behind enemy lines west of 'Hell's Highway' (Biesbos Resistance ) th-cam.com/video/mknOTQdaD6Q/w-d-xo.html Behind enemy lines west of 'Hell's Highway' (Tholen Island & Bergen op Zoom Resistance) Note* These small groups actually came under Canadian command and were ordered to contribute as actual front line troops. Of this little or nothing is known, but recently official reports are found and also actual film footage. th-cam.com/video/Gu6VbpMMvm8/w-d-xo.html All these men must have stayed on as volunteer front line soldiers for at least 130 days from October 1944 until mid March 1945 or even longer until May 1945. Some joined during the Battle of the Bulge where the amount of Dutch participation doubled at the front line.
I really enjoy your videos. I learn another side of the war. Being American we usually get the American side of the war and your vids provide welcome relief from it.
Great stuff, I would love to see more resistance videos. A shoutout to all the brave Dutch men and women who resisted in various ways. And also now we know the origin of “Hey dude”. Aunt Riek sounds like a fascinating woman🧡
Hannie Schaft en de zusjes Oversteeg bezorgen mij altijd kippenvel. Zij waren moediger dan menig man. Verleden jaar werden deze drie misbruikt als zogenaamde verzetshelden tegen mondkapjes. Wat respectloos.
Dutch resistance sure contributed quite a bit during the second world war. Great presentation Stefan. This is a topic that I wanted to learn more about. Thank you for making this video. Always enjoy the content.
Saturday night education. At school (a long time ago) we learnt about the French resistance but not those from other countries. As always, very interesting subject and thank you for presenting it.
@@HistoryHustle I would like to see these maps in whole too ! One is the invasion may 1940 and the other the liberation in sept 1944 to may 1945 but I would like to see the complete maps too
You mentioned ‘Soldier of Orange’ by Paul Verhoven an excellent movie regarding the Dutch resistance. Also the first time I came across Rutger Hauer. Verhovens followup; ‘Blackbook’ was excellent as well.
My great uncle Heine Alisch was shot down by friendly fire in May 1940 at Schipol returning from a bombing raid on Ipswich docks, in a JU88. These history videos are so informative, giving perspective on the unjust invasion of Holland. My grandfather never understood the loss of his brother or the justification.
Tijdens mijn hobby magneetvissen komen er nog regelmatig dingen bovenwater uit deze tijd. Spullen met een verhaal wat niet te achterhalen is maar dankzij uw zeer interessant verslag over deze periode wel is voor te stellen. Dank!!!
I would love to learn more about the resistance. It is important to remember the historical fact of collaboration with an odious ideology, but its a duty to honour, celebrate and respect the bravery and sacrifice of those who resisted tyrrany. These teach us about very different aspects of the human condition, and challenge us to rethink how we live our own lives.
Stefan, suburb video, extremely informative. My mom's brother, Harry Stump, living in Heerlen, Limburg was a resistance fighter. He was 16 or 17 when he killed his first German. It was an extremely tragic time in European history. Immediately after the war he was guarding a prison camp housing NSB personnel and ended up marrying the daughter of an NSB member. Many people do not realize that resistance fighters were hated by the Dutch people after the war (for every German they killed 10 or more Dutch civilians were killed). In the end my uncle emigrated to the USA and never saw the Netherlands again.
My great grandfather was born in The Netherlands in 1859 and joined the Dutch Marine as a very young man . He emigrated to the UK in about 1878 , married and had many children . The first i believe , my grandfather was born in 1880 , thus i find this very interesting . Thank you .
Yes Stefan, do more on the Dutch resistance. You have already so many excellent videos on collaboration which are important to be told. This video however restored some of my faith in humanity (and my dutchness😉) during the darkest period of our history.
Hi Stefan, since you ask for it, I don't know how much access they will allow you to have to the real depth of what is called 'Das England Spiel' . With the help of 'Engima ' it became a complete double cross operations for the allies.
Winterswijk represent! Nou ja, ik heb niks gedaan behalve daar geboren te zijn. Maar awesome stuff! Opgegroeid in de buurt van het standbeeld van Tante Riek. Geweldig om meer over te weten.
All content you produce is simply great!!! May you anytime make a video about the role of the Dutch Monarchy during WWII? Because, me as a foreigner in NL, still do not understand how they managed to impose a favourable narrative about their role at the time. Thanks a lot!!
@@HistoryHustle the Queen united and re united the Resistance and the People of the Netherland after each blow during the war. She was the beacon of Hope, liberty and freedom for both royalist and non Royalist. Understanding the role of the Dutch Monarchy abroad puts the perspective of 300.000 millitary and civilian death and the millions of Dutch not being part of the Resistance but pursuing actions like The Resistance during the war and from day one in perspective... the real and greatest resistance of both royalist and non royalist was never documented and not spoken about after the war, not even their own children.. these secrets will be buried... it was normal, they did it for their country, they would do it again, to give their children a safe place to grow up..
@@HistoryHustle Btw my ex girlfriend was dutch and her granddad was driving around mg42s for the resistance on a bycicle (fizz) through german checkpoints as a kid. What a madlad.
My father was a Major in the Dutch army and went underground in the resistance. The Germans placed a price of 200,00 deutchmarks on his head and many of his friends were shot, along with family members, for not betraying him. He showed me photos of some of those friends and and said he'd wake during the nights sweating from dreams. He was traumatised his whole life by guilt for the murders of his friends. Jhis name is on the wall of the war memorial in Amsterdam.
My great-grandfather was arrested on suspicion of communist sympathies/support. For a long time all my family knew was that he had died somewhere in Germany. I managed to find out that afer passing through Camp Amersfoort he had died in the Camp Neuengamme, near Hamburg, and he actually had a grave there. I was able to visit both the camp and the grave, which was a impressive experience. My grandfather was in turn involved in resistance-activity in Schiedam, but the family didn't find out out until much later and never got any details from him. He was never arrested for his activities, but was picked up for Arbeidsieinsatz in Germany. It was a famous story in the family that he came back after the end of the war on a bicycle. Probably the first to be returned :-)
Stefan, Thank you so much for all the work you do in your videos. They are so informative and respectful to the memory of those who struggled amongst such atrocities.. I'll be visiting Amsterdam next August and would like to visit Westerbork. Do you have any suggestions on the best way to get there from Amsterdam? Also, have you been to Etty Hillesum's house? It looks like it's now a museum.. Thank you again, I'm looking forward to visiting the Netherlands.. ❤🇳🇱
Thanks for your reply. Enjoy my country 🇳🇱👍 Haven't been to Etty museum. Westerbork is not really a must see and very far from Amsterdam. Hard to reach in public transport.
"Hey Dude, wouldn't that be so bad that you get killed if thousands of boys get saved " this is the best humor I have heard! Thank you for sharing! Hope he lived a long life in peace and happiness.
Ik zou er graag meer over horen het verzet in Nederland. De verzetsgroep de geuzen waren inderdaad de eerste onder leiding van Bernardus IJzerdraad en Arij Kop deze laatste is helaas gefusilleerd met nog een aantal andere van de groep de geuzen.
thought i'd mention Audrey Hepburn.. who lived near Arnhem in ww2,. seems to be some dispute as to what she actually did , but it seems like she helped the resistance and raised money for them. also delivering messages etc. as a teenage girl she was able to cycle around without arousing any attention from Germans.
My son and I are studying world war 2 right now and plan to continue throughout the summer. We would love to see more videos about this! We are reading “The Hiding Place” by Corrie Ten Boom right now and we were surprised that you didn’t include her in today’s video. Is she in another of your videos that we missed? If not, she and the other members of the Dutch resistance in Haarlam would be a great topic for a future video. My husband and I lived in the Netherlands for awhile, so even though we are Americans, we love to learn about your country!
@@HistoryHustle are you going to do a video that includes Corrie Ten Boom at some point? I’ve now finished her book, and not only is her time in the Dutch resistance a great story, but also her work after the war to help people heal their emotional wounds.
Yes, we need more on the Dutch resistence. There are some wonderful stories out there. My mother (Annemarie Mevissen), and her uncle Harry Stappers were in the resistance in Roermond, Limburg. My uncle was interrogated by the SS twice, resulting in his ribs being kicked in each time, but never confessed, and was released each time. My mother, because of her actions, was sent, consecutively, to three force labor/concentration camps because of her continuous attempted escapes. She ended the war around Regensberg, after starting just across the border, in the Roer. My uncle, in one book, is shown at the end of the war escorting female collaborators to their public trial. They have always been my heroes.
Interesting to note that Prince Bernhard served in the "Reiter SS" (cavalry unit) in the prewar period. That little gem of information is not often mentioned but is nonetheless true.
Thank you. I have another video for your here. In that video I display links to other sources (see below the video, much is in Dutch though...): th-cam.com/video/EQm_IWQgQ_Q/w-d-xo.html
Would it be an idea to perhaps do a video on each province in regards to the resistance I’m from Westerbork Drenthe and have known resistance people in our area. Also there is an orange booklet that tells about “ de Knokploeg van Noord Drenthe” that also covers the liberation of the jail in Assen where a rather large group of resistance members were held in prison. I believe Drenthe had quite a large resistance group(s) Johannes Post was famous
An old friend of my family was a Dutch man named Jay Sax. He claimed that his mother helped with one of the underground newpapers and helping with an underground railway to get people out of the Netherlands. (Their family were the inventors of the musical instrument the Saxaphone. I am wondering if you ever heard this name as part of the resistance.
Maybe once something about the massive partisan ww2 resistance in Yugoslavia? It was based not only on diversions, but on open resistance/fight (perhaps the only one of its kind in Europe) and the liberation of territories.
mijn oma was ook verzetsstrijdster. haar verhalen nam zij mee in de graf maar enigste verhaal wat zij vertelt is dat de batterijen enorm zwaar waren. maar ja zij moest ook vanuit Bierum (Groningen) naar Den Helder fietsen heen en terug. dus was vaak lastig. ik heb wel korte verhaal gelezen van de moeder van mijn oma (mijn overgrootmoeder) hoe zij vertelt en geschreven na de oorlog over de boerderij en dat oma van Amsterdam snel terug naar Bierum ging. want in Amsterdam waren veel verzet cellen opgedoekt. dat waren paar verhalen die ik heb gehoord ook moest ik dankbaar zijn want mijn oma ging bij huwelijk van haar zus bijwonen en ze werd tegen gehouden door gemeente ambtenaar van stadhuis omdat bij de hoofdingang SS-ers stonden te wachten zij sloop via de achterdeur naar buiten en verdween.
Just discovered these videos. Thanks for posting! Do you have any information on the resistance using the new polders as hiding places? (for example the current Noord-Oost Polder)
think you would be able to find some info on the dutch resistance specifically in Barneveld? Denk je dat je informatie kunt vinden over het Nederlandse verzet specifiek in Barneveld?
More videos of the Dutch Resistance? Yes please. Videos about collaborators are necessary, we all need to know about the bad things in our history, but we also need the videos about the good.
06:37 "Hey DUDE?" :D (To be fair, I don't speak Dutch so I have no idea what brought that word in as a translation but it seems incongruous in the context.)
This is valuable information. I hadn’t thought that people who survived would feel guilty. I suppose it would be like a shadow in the back of their mind for the rest of their lives.
Hier in Noord Holland, en dan vooral West Friesland hebben er in het najaar van '44 en '45 wapendroppings plaatsgevonden. Hier heeft andere tijden ook aandacht aan besteed. Wellicht is dit ook Interessant voor de buitenlandse volgers.
@@HistoryHustle one more thing: it us said that arround 1% of the French population worked with the Resistance, roughly the same amount of people who colaborated with the Germans. But in the Netherlands you have 5 and 1O%, respectively. Why such numbers?
I always enjoy "History Hustle" videos - I'm most impressed by what seems to be your very un-biased account of the Netherlands experience in the Second World War - the good, the bad; the heroic, the not-so-heroic ! Perversely, I'm led to wondering just how much smarter the Nazis would have needed to be to have a quiet, successful occupation of The Netherlands ?
De vader van mijn tante heeft tijdens de oorlog in Den Haag in het verzet gezeten. Veel heeft hij er nooit over verteld, wel dat ze na de bevrijding nog enkele collaborateurs met een 'bezoekje vereerd' hebben. Wat ze er verder mee gedaan hebben, heeft hij nooit verteld. Na zijn dood heeft mijn tante op zolder wel een doorgeladen pistool gevonden, wat ze op het politiebureau ingeleverd heeft. Was een buitgemaakt Luger pistool wat nog geladen was. Lag na al die jaren nog steeds op zolder.
I think an in-depth look at EACH of the various Resistance groups within the Nederland is called for. Your overview lists them--but it seems the Dutch diversified their efforts vs their Nazi occupiers. It would be a great counter weight in your video archives to the various Dutch collaborators and those who served in Nazi Germany's Armed forces. What say you, Professor?
@@HistoryHustle , fair enough. I do think they deserve closer looks--from the leaflet printers, to the bankers, to the action squads, to those engaged in hiding people from forced labor camps, even though some movies have devoted themselves to a few members of the resistance so far in your country, the entirety has been barely scratched at.
My wife's grandfather was in the dutch resistance in Freisland. There was a huge family split because his brother was NSB. My mother's maid of honor at her wedding was Trudy van der Zalm. Her family hid downed allied airmen on their farm. Her brother Wim ( Bill ) van der Zalm became the premier of British Columbia. My brother in laws father was taken for forced labor by the Germans. He helpt build bunkers on the Fresian Islands. Lastly, a high school girlfriends father was an unrepentant NSBer. So I have quite a lot of dutch connection. Would love to see more detailed videos about the brave Dutch resistance !
Also, sorry if I'm going on too much. My ex-wifes uncle was a mosquito pilot in the RCAF. He was making an unauthorized beer run to England in someone else's aircraft & crashed 1 mile from the airfield. Killing himself, his navigator & a stowaway RAF man. Mechanical error. He's buried in Twente. Had 3 kills one of which was a Ju 52 carrying the Luftwaffe staff from Berlin to Obersalzberg during the last days of WWII.
I think for 1 reason the Dutch Resistance, became isolated cells. The Englandspiel really ruined the Connection between Government in Exile, and the Dutch resistance..for many years. For example, the French Resistance played their part on , and after D-Day. But the Dutch Resistance had no real part in Operation Market Garden. My Dad always told me, when the War ended , everybody said , they were in the Resistance. My dad died when I was Young.30 Years after he died, we found a letter from Stichting 1940-1945, afdeling Hilversum. Stating he was a Resistance Member, my dad never mentioned a word about this ! Letter tells how he raided and killed German Army offices, weapon and ammo smuggling, helping people who needed shelter, hiding of Jews. What my Dad told me, he fled to France, because of raids in Holland for Arbeids ensatz, got in Jail and got a Swedish Passport, en fled via Spain to England top become a Red Beret Paratrooper, when he finished the Training , War ended. My Dad told me, in French Jail he learned all Couplets of the Marseillaise, they would sing it loud to offend the Guards ! My Mom , just a kid in WW2, grew up in Scheveningen, a Dutch mainly fishing Harbour near the Hague. Immediately after begin war, this small town became Sperrgebiet, al who did not work in Harbour should evacuate. Her Father worked at Port Control, so they would stay there during war, and always had fish to trade for butter bread... Near to My Mom's house was a V1 Launchpad build, and they would listen at night in bed, if the V1 would make it, or crash.. Greetings !
@@HistoryHustle U are doing a great Job for History, in many perspectives, I really appreciate that ! Since Your Videos are not all about WW2, I would like to request, if U could make a Video about the Dutch Zouaves, since I partly grew up at the former Dutch Centre of Zouvaves, City named Oudenbosch ! I still consider it a true unknown part of Dutch History and ...Warfare in foreign Countries ! Greetings !
You said there was a dark side to some of those in hiding ,you said some of them made much trouble and had to be executed by the resistance.but i would like to know what kind of trouble they made?also congratulations you make very good videos much appreciate your work keep up the good work.
As far as I can tell it were annoyances that escalated. It could be related to food or comfort. Do keep in mind that people had to hide for years and didn't know when it was gonna end.
I would like to know more about the resistance having kill some in hiding who were not being very secretive. How unfortunate and incredible dilemma. Corrie ten Boom mentions this in her book; not that they killed them but that some were so noisy in captivity that neighbors could hear through the walls and came to warn them. Some were arrested and presumably executed along with the people who hid them.
My dad was working with Radio Oranje (Radio Orange), an underground radio station in the Hague where they had a number of locations spread around the city hiding Jewish people.
My father was in the Dutch resistance. He was trained in assassination and espionage. His cover was in the food stamp office and developed a way to smuggle food stamps to Jews in hiding. He completed 8 asassinations including the Berger Meister of Haarlem. He eventually was discovered and went to Natzwieler in Strasbourg. Was there for 2 years and escaped with the man I'm named after. Got caught and sent to Nordhausen for 2 years and escaped that when allies bombed it.
The geography of The Netherlands must be considered- an open country with no mountains or thick forests for hiding. This greatly affected the nature of Dutch resistance.
During WW2 in the Netherlands around 5% was in the resistance and 10% collaborated. I covered Dutch collaboration on this channel. Please check:
th-cam.com/video/bQlF0ia-ABA/w-d-xo.html
More people collaborated than resisted? This surprises me very much, I wonder why?
Dank je! Thank you! Obrigado!
Roger, The Nazis treated the Dutch and other Germanic peoples far better than others the occupied. They wanted them to join the Reich. There were fascists and Nazi sympathizers before the war. Also, the Netherlands and Germany are neighboring countries and there were many intermarriages in neighboring communities, where people spoke both languages.
@@ronmaximilian6953 Thank you for this exhaustive answer Ron, now I understand!
I'm an American with roots in Herneveen and Groningen. Some of my ancestors hid Jews in their house.
De Geuzen (The Beggars) might seem like a strange name for a resistance group, until you realize that it is a reference to the Eighty Years' War. If I remember correctly, first the Dutch nobles formally protesting against the Spanish King violating their rights were called that mockingly, then the rebels adopted this name.
Yes, indeed!
80 years war - de watergeuzen
true!
Stefan, documentaries like this always make me a bit depressed. The courage and risk appetite of these - often young - heroes bring tears to my eyes. Take e.g. a Hannie Schaft who was not yet 25 years old when she was executed just before the liberation. Just a little older than my sons, who enjoy life, as young people should.
With tears in my eyes, I think that such heroes, forced by circumstances, did the bravest thing they could.
Respect for them, may their name liveth for evermore!.
Thank you for sharing.
Thanks for your honest reply, Marcel!
Dutch Philosopher Hugo Grotius once stated:
"A man cannot govern a nation if he cannot govern a city; he cannot govern a city if he cannot govern a family; he cannot govern a family unless he can govern himself; and he cannot govern himself unless his passions are subject to reason.”
Interesting quote!
G'day,
Somebody should have mentioned that, perhaps, to the Excited Status of Norte ArmedmeriKano...; before they voted to inaugurate Trumpy as their Prissydunce, back in 2016...
It might have saved much unpleasantness, if the Yanquis had have underconstumbled that lying self-deluded pretentious Wankers do not good leaders make.
Such is life,
Have a good one....
Stay safe.
;-p
Ciao !
@@WarblesOnALot I would delete this post if I were you.
@@Page-Hendryx Seems that he did, I don't see it 🙂
I could listen to this man all day.he is such a wealth of information.
👍👍👍
The Dutch should be proud of their actions during the war - particularly the strike in support of Dutch Jews.
Indeed.
Proud yes of the real ones and the other side a lot of people weren’t heroes.... About seventy percent of the dutch jews were killed. When the survivors came back they were treated very very badly , something to be very ashamed of .
@Fabian Kirchgessner really?
If that is so, where have they all gone? Oftewel, nu zeggen ze dat ze allemaal Joden op zolder hadden. Nou, waar zijn ze gebleven dan? (Jules Deelder.... Amsterdam)
You really have no idea what you are talking about. Statistics and history tell us a different story. 🤦♂️
Yes, indeed. I would welcome more on the Dutch resistance. Thank you so much for your work.
Great!
My grandfathers uncle was executed because hè was in the resistance. His name was Marten Lijnema.
May he rest in peace.
Respect. Rest in Peace
I think I found your grandfathers uncle. (Even with a picture) What a heroe! www.eerebegraafplaatsbloemendaal.eu/marten-lijnema
@@onlyvik Yup that's him
There is not much information about the participation of the Netherlands in WW2, and even less about Dutch resistance. So, this video is a valuable source of information. Thank you ever so much and more videos on the same subject will be welcome. These heroes deserve our gratitude and respect.
I agree. Thanks for your reply, Mariyana!
All this brave people deserve all my respect.
Thanks for your reply!
I have been waiting for this video for a long time, my grandfather used to tell me stories about how they used to hide airman in their house. If the Germans came around they would tell them that they had the flu to keep them away. On another occasion they hid them in the attic and as it was a terraced house with no divides in the roof they where able to escape to a house further down the street.
Thanks for sharing this!
Weer bedankt voor jou bijdrage over de geschiedenis van de tweede wereld oorlog weer duidelijk en informatief, daarnaast zijn wij tot in den eeuwigheid de moedige mannen en vrouwen dank verschuldigd die zich hebben opgeofferd voor hun medemensen, ik ben eind jaren 80 toevallig tijdens een verbouwing van de gevangenis van Scheveningen in de dodencel geweest iets waarvan ik nog steeds de koude rillingen krijg als ik daar aan terug denk.
Dank voor je reactie, Jeroen!
As a child of Dutch parents who emigrated to Canada after the war I would very much like to see you do more videos on the Dutch resistance. I was wondering if you could also do a video on Princess Beatrix who was born in Ottawa during the war. That's a very interesting story unto itself as is the very special relationship between The Netherlands and Canada that lasts to this day.
Thanks for your reply. I've not much interests to do videos about the royal family, because I do not care much about it. But who knows!
Beatrix was born in 1938 in the Netherland. Princess Margriet was born in Canada.
I was thinking of the Princess also. I'd love to see a video on her birth!
From a fellow Canadian
there's a movie on the dutch resistance in the world war 2 dutch war museum, only able to be watched in that museum, my great grandfather is in that movie as well as in dutch war history books "Gerrijt Pleij" was his name
I would love to hear more about the Dutch Resistance. My grandfather was part of the resistance but he never talked about it. We found out some of the details from his brother-in-law after my grandfather's death. It would have been nice to know his story.
Thanks for your reply. I first see how well this video does. Then I may make more 👍
my great grandfather started the dutch resistance in Barneveld, hes a dutch hero and one of a kind, he kept jews alive by bringing them to castle de schaffelaar and he stole ketchup packets from German supply camps to give to the jews to keep them alive and he did that when he lied to the germans about him being a cook, he kept dutch prisoners alive by giving them the packets of ketchup
Behind enemy lines on the eastern side of 'Hell's Highway' (N-E.Brabant- Limburg Resistance)
#1.) th-cam.com/video/bmyU4q65bAI/w-d-xo.html #2.)th-cam.com/video/eiizUMsHPUg/w-d-xo.html #3.)th-cam.com/video/h3kKPW4OrKs/w-d-xo.html
Behind enemy lines west of 'Hell's Highway' (Biesbos Resistance )
th-cam.com/video/mknOTQdaD6Q/w-d-xo.html
Behind enemy lines west of 'Hell's Highway' (Tholen Island & Bergen op Zoom Resistance)
Note* These small groups actually came under Canadian command and were ordered to contribute as actual front line troops. Of this little or nothing is known, but recently official reports are found and also actual film footage.
th-cam.com/video/Gu6VbpMMvm8/w-d-xo.html
All these men must have stayed on as volunteer front line soldiers for at least 130 days from October 1944 until mid March 1945 or even longer until May 1945.
Some joined during the Battle of the Bulge where the amount of Dutch participation doubled at the front line.
I really enjoy your videos. I learn another side of the war. Being American we usually get the American side of the war and your vids provide welcome relief from it.
Thanks for your message 👍
I'll second that. Its a shame most Americans think the Hollywood version of the war is the truth. Those of us who study WWII know better.
APPRECIATE YOUR TIME AN WORK ON THIS. LOVE LEARNING ABOUT THESE COURAGEOUS PEOPLE❤❤❤
Thank you Professor! Wonderful lecture. Keep up the good work!
Many thanks, Nikki!
Yes, we want more! You could do in-depth episodes on the various Resistance organisations.
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Yes, definitely more resistance videos! This was fantastic :)
I first see how well this video does. Then I may make more 👍
Another great video Stephan! Keep these coming!
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Great stuff, I would love to see more resistance videos. A shoutout to all the brave Dutch men and women who resisted in various ways. And also now we know the origin of “Hey dude”. Aunt Riek sounds like a fascinating woman🧡
She sure must've been!
Hannie Schaft en de zusjes Oversteeg bezorgen mij altijd kippenvel. Zij waren moediger dan menig man. Verleden jaar werden deze drie misbruikt als zogenaamde verzetshelden tegen mondkapjes. Wat respectloos.
Mee eens.
Dutch resistance sure contributed quite a bit during the second world war. Great presentation Stefan. This is a topic that I wanted to learn more about. Thank you for making this video. Always enjoy the content.
Thanks for your reply.
Incredible nuggets of history, Thank You for sharing Stephon 👍 My Best, Jesse
Great Jesse!!
Saturday night education. At school (a long time ago) we learnt about the French resistance but not those from other countries. As always, very interesting subject and thank you for presenting it.
Thank you for replying!
thanks for the informative video
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Great video. Love the maps in the background.
Thank you!
@@HistoryHustle I would like to see these maps in whole too ! One is the invasion may 1940 and the other the liberation in sept 1944 to may 1945 but I would like to see the complete maps too
Thanks for the interesting story. More Dutch resistance is welcome. Totally unknown chapter for me
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You mentioned ‘Soldier of Orange’ by Paul Verhoven an excellent movie regarding the Dutch resistance. Also the first time I came across Rutger Hauer. Verhovens followup; ‘Blackbook’ was excellent as well.
Indeed. I do believe both movies deserve a remake.
'The Resistance Banker' is my favorite movie about the Dutch Resistance. I highly recommend it.
My great uncle Heine Alisch was shot down by friendly fire in May 1940 at Schipol returning from a bombing raid on Ipswich docks, in a JU88. These history videos are so informative, giving perspective on the unjust invasion of Holland. My grandfather never understood the loss of his brother or the justification.
Tijdens mijn hobby magneetvissen komen er nog regelmatig dingen bovenwater uit deze tijd. Spullen met een verhaal wat niet te achterhalen is maar dankzij uw zeer interessant verslag over deze periode wel is voor te stellen. Dank!!!
Dank voor je reactie!
Never forget so keep on going !
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I would love to learn more about the resistance. It is important to remember the historical fact of collaboration with an odious ideology, but its a duty to honour, celebrate and respect the bravery and sacrifice of those who resisted tyrrany. These teach us about very different aspects of the human condition, and challenge us to rethink how we live our own lives.
Thanks for commenting!
Stefan, suburb video, extremely informative. My mom's brother, Harry Stump, living in Heerlen, Limburg was a resistance fighter. He was 16 or 17 when he killed his first German. It was an extremely tragic time in European history. Immediately after the war he was guarding a prison camp housing NSB personnel and ended up marrying the daughter of an NSB member. Many people do not realize that resistance fighters were hated by the Dutch people after the war (for every German they killed 10 or more Dutch civilians were killed). In the end my uncle emigrated to the USA and never saw the Netherlands again.
Thanks for your reply, Roger.
this is a great video!
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My great grandmother was a part of the resistance and I always grew up hearing stories, they truthfully put their lives in jeopardy
My great grandfather was born in The Netherlands in 1859 and joined the Dutch Marine as a very young man . He emigrated to the UK in about 1878 , married and had many children . The first i believe , my grandfather was born in 1880 , thus i find this very interesting . Thank you .
Thanks for your reply!
Another fascinating video. Bedankt Hustle! I'd like to add my wish to the others already posted here for more on the Dutch resistance.
Great, thanks for your response 👌
Yes Stefan, do more on the Dutch resistance. You have already so many excellent videos on collaboration which are important to be told. This video however restored some of my faith in humanity (and my dutchness😉) during the darkest period of our history.
Thanks for your reply, David!
Interested in hearing more on the Dutch resistance. Wondering if you will consider covering Corrie Ten Boons story?
Thanks. Perhaps one day in the future..
Very interesting and informative vid. you do not hear much about the resistance during the war. Thank-you
Great! Thanks for your reply.
Really enjoyed your video, it was very informative. I'd love to learn more about The Dutch Resistance.
Please continue posting.
Thx Jan
Many thanks!!
Great video, full of info. So now i know why the Rememberance Bell is at Waalsdorpervlakte. Such a broad subject to cover, done well in my opinion.
Indeed, thanks for your reply.
Hi Stefan, since you ask for it, I don't know how much access they will allow you to have to the real depth of what is called 'Das England Spiel' . With the help of 'Engima ' it became a complete double cross operations for the allies.
Yes, Marc, perhaps an idea for the future.
Stefan be aware this will be hard,the people I am acquainted with just by allusion about this episode have their stomach turning.
Winterswijk represent! Nou ja, ik heb niks gedaan behalve daar geboren te zijn. Maar awesome stuff! Opgegroeid in de buurt van het standbeeld van Tante Riek. Geweldig om meer over te weten.
Top, bedankt!
All content you produce is simply great!!! May you anytime make a video about the role of the Dutch Monarchy during WWII? Because, me as a foreigner in NL, still do not understand how they managed to impose a favourable narrative about their role at the time. Thanks a lot!!
Thanks for your reply. I'm not really into the Dutch Monarchy to be honest, but perhaps something for the future.
@@HistoryHustle the Queen united and re united the Resistance and the People of the Netherland after each blow during the war. She was the beacon of Hope, liberty and freedom for both royalist and non Royalist.
Understanding the role of the Dutch Monarchy abroad puts the perspective of 300.000 millitary and civilian death and the millions of Dutch not being part of the Resistance but pursuing actions like The Resistance during the war and from day one in perspective...
the real and greatest resistance of both royalist and non royalist was never documented and not spoken about after the war, not even their own children.. these secrets will be buried... it was normal, they did it for their country, they would do it again, to give their children a safe place to grow up..
Mooi werk en weergave, wederom
Dank!
I like your videos Stephan.
Thanks 👌
@@HistoryHustle Btw my ex girlfriend was dutch and her granddad was driving around mg42s for the resistance on a bycicle (fizz) through german checkpoints as a kid. What a madlad.
Can understand. Thanks for sharing this.
My father was a Major in the Dutch army and went underground in the resistance. The Germans placed a price of 200,00 deutchmarks on his head and many of his friends were shot, along with family members, for not betraying him. He showed me photos of some of those friends and and said he'd wake during the nights sweating from dreams. He was traumatised his whole life by guilt for the murders of his friends.
Jhis name is on the wall of the war memorial in Amsterdam.
Thanks for sharing this part of your family history.
Very interesting video. I love the more unknown/lesser known microhistory about events, groups, individuals. Well done!
Thanks for responding!
My great-grandfather was arrested on suspicion of communist sympathies/support. For a long time all my family knew was that he had died somewhere in Germany. I managed to find out that afer passing through Camp Amersfoort he had died in the Camp Neuengamme, near Hamburg, and he actually had a grave there. I was able to visit both the camp and the grave, which was a impressive experience.
My grandfather was in turn involved in resistance-activity in Schiedam, but the family didn't find out out until much later and never got any details from him. He was never arrested for his activities, but was picked up for Arbeidsieinsatz in Germany. It was a famous story in the family that he came back after the end of the war on a bicycle. Probably the first to be returned :-)
Sad to hear about your great-grandfather. Thank you for sharing this with us.
Stefan, Thank you so much for all the work you do in your videos. They are so informative and respectful to the memory of those who struggled amongst such atrocities.. I'll be visiting Amsterdam next August and would like to visit Westerbork. Do you have any suggestions on the best way to get there from Amsterdam? Also, have you been to Etty Hillesum's house? It looks like it's now a museum.. Thank you again, I'm looking forward to visiting the Netherlands.. ❤🇳🇱
Thanks for your reply. Enjoy my country 🇳🇱👍
Haven't been to Etty museum. Westerbork is not really a must see and very far from Amsterdam. Hard to reach in public transport.
"Hey Dude, wouldn't that be so bad that you get killed if thousands of boys get saved " this is the best humor I have heard! Thank you for sharing! Hope he lived a long life in peace and happiness.
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He died on 13 december 1978 at the age of 80 years.
Ik zou er graag meer over horen het verzet in Nederland. De verzetsgroep de geuzen waren inderdaad de eerste onder leiding van Bernardus IJzerdraad en Arij Kop deze laatste is helaas gefusilleerd met nog een aantal andere van de groep de geuzen.
Dat klopt ja. IJzerdraad en zijn beweging zijn opgerold door de Duitsers.
thought i'd mention Audrey Hepburn.. who lived near Arnhem in ww2,. seems to be some dispute as to what she actually did , but it seems like she helped the resistance and raised money for them. also delivering messages etc. as a teenage girl she was able to cycle around without arousing any attention from Germans.
Thanks for sharing this!
My son and I are studying world war 2 right now and plan to continue throughout the summer. We would love to see more videos about this! We are reading “The Hiding Place” by Corrie Ten Boom right now and we were surprised that you didn’t include her in today’s video. Is she in another of your videos that we missed? If not, she and the other members of the Dutch resistance in Haarlam would be a great topic for a future video. My husband and I lived in the Netherlands for awhile, so even though we are Americans, we love to learn about your country!
Many thanks for your reply! Great you're learning about it. Hope my videos will help you.
@@HistoryHustle are you going to do a video that includes Corrie Ten Boom at some point? I’ve now finished her book, and not only is her time in the Dutch resistance a great story, but also her work after the war to help people heal their emotional wounds.
Yes, we need more on the Dutch resistence. There are some wonderful stories out there.
My mother (Annemarie Mevissen), and her uncle Harry Stappers were in the resistance in Roermond, Limburg. My uncle was interrogated by the SS twice, resulting in his ribs being kicked in each time, but never confessed, and was released each time. My mother, because of her actions, was sent, consecutively, to three force labor/concentration camps because of her continuous attempted escapes. She ended the war around Regensberg, after starting just across the border, in the Roer. My uncle, in one book, is shown at the end of the war escorting female collaborators to their public trial. They have always been my heroes.
Thank you for replying 👍
Weer een mooie video man 👍👍👍🇳🇱🇳🇱
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Interesting to note that Prince Bernhard served in the "Reiter SS" (cavalry unit) in the prewar period. That little gem of information is not often mentioned but is nonetheless true.
Yes, indeed.
Very interesting video. References to more info would be appreciated by displaying links to other sources.
Thank you. I have another video for your here. In that video I display links to other sources (see below the video, much is in Dutch though...):
th-cam.com/video/EQm_IWQgQ_Q/w-d-xo.html
Nice video. What is the fragment on 2:44? Seems a shot of Bernhard and Juliana? Whilst the comment mentiones the birthday of the queen (Wilhelmina).
True.
Love to see you cover the facts behind the movie"The Black Book".
Won't do movie stuff sorry.
@@HistoryHustle de film zwartboek gaat toch over gerrit Jan van der veen ik weet alleen niet in hoeverre het historisch accuraat is
Would it be an idea to perhaps do a video on each province in regards to the resistance
I’m from Westerbork Drenthe and have known resistance people in our area. Also there is an orange booklet that tells about “ de Knokploeg van Noord Drenthe” that also covers the liberation of the jail in Assen where a rather large group of resistance members were held in prison. I believe Drenthe had quite a large resistance group(s)
Johannes Post was famous
Hope to visit the area one day.
Great respect for those people, the Dutch Resistance. There should have been many more of them!
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Dear Sir,
Your Docos are Good.
Thanks.
An old friend of my family was a Dutch man named Jay Sax. He claimed that his mother helped with one of the underground newpapers and helping with an underground railway to get people out of the Netherlands. (Their family were the inventors of the musical instrument the Saxaphone. I am wondering if you ever heard this name as part of the resistance.
There were many people.
Thanks, yet another really interesting video, cheers
Thanks 👌
Maybe once something about the massive partisan ww2 resistance in Yugoslavia?
It was based not only on diversions, but on open resistance/fight (perhaps the only one of its kind in Europe) and the liberation of territories.
True, it's a very big topic. Sure something for the future!
mijn oma was ook verzetsstrijdster. haar verhalen nam zij mee in de graf maar enigste verhaal wat zij vertelt is dat de batterijen enorm zwaar waren. maar ja zij moest ook vanuit Bierum (Groningen) naar Den Helder fietsen heen en terug. dus was vaak lastig. ik heb wel korte verhaal gelezen van de moeder van mijn oma (mijn overgrootmoeder) hoe zij vertelt en geschreven na de oorlog over de boerderij en dat oma van Amsterdam snel terug naar Bierum ging. want in Amsterdam waren veel verzet cellen opgedoekt. dat waren paar verhalen die ik heb gehoord ook moest ik dankbaar zijn want mijn oma ging bij huwelijk van haar zus bijwonen en ze werd tegen gehouden door gemeente ambtenaar van stadhuis omdat bij de hoofdingang SS-ers stonden te wachten zij sloop via de achterdeur naar buiten en verdween.
Interessant om te lezen. Bedankt voor je bericht.
Interresante video! Welke boeken/bronnen heb je hiervoor gebruikt ?
Zie SOURCES onder de video.
@@HistoryHustle ah, bedankt.
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Just discovered these videos. Thanks for posting! Do you have any information on the resistance using the new polders as hiding places? (for example the current Noord-Oost Polder)
Thanks for your response. Have no info right away. Try check local Dutch websites of cities or regions.
@@HistoryHustle Thanks for the response and information!
think you would be able to find some info on the dutch resistance specifically in Barneveld? Denk je dat je informatie kunt vinden over het Nederlandse verzet specifiek in Barneveld?
Nee, sorry. Daarvoor zul je zelf het archief van Barneveld moeten berichten.
More videos of the Dutch Resistance? Yes please.
Videos about collaborators are necessary, we all need to know about the bad things in our history, but we also need the videos about the good.
Agree 👍
06:37 "Hey DUDE?" :D (To be fair, I don't speak Dutch so I have no idea what brought that word in as a translation but it seems incongruous in the context.)
"Hé kerel".
Excellent, but sadly not enough More please. BZ
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This is valuable information. I hadn’t thought that people who survived would feel guilty. I suppose it would be like a shadow in the back of their mind for the rest of their lives.
Thanks for watching.
Oh yes, I'd love to hear more about the Dutch Resistance!
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Hier in Noord Holland, en dan vooral West Friesland hebben er in het najaar van '44 en '45 wapendroppings plaatsgevonden. Hier heeft andere tijden ook aandacht aan besteed. Wellicht is dit ook Interessant voor de buitenlandse volgers.
Zeker interessant ja!
Yes more resistance videos!
Ok!
Very interesting video thanks
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Perhaps a couple of videos solely about those characters you refered to would be an interesting thing to do.
I first see how well this video does. Then I may make more 👍
@@HistoryHustle one more thing: it us said that arround 1% of the French population worked with the Resistance, roughly the same amount of people who colaborated with the Germans.
But in the Netherlands you have 5 and 1O%, respectively. Why such numbers?
My great great Oma participated in the resistance and was awarded after she died the award was given back to the royal family after she died
Indeed: Dat wij hen niet mogen vergeten!
Zo is 't.
I always enjoy "History Hustle" videos - I'm most impressed by what seems to be your very un-biased account of the Netherlands experience in the Second World War - the good, the bad; the heroic, the not-so-heroic ! Perversely, I'm led to wondering just how much smarter the Nazis would have needed to be to have a quiet, successful occupation of The Netherlands ?
De vader van mijn tante heeft tijdens de oorlog in Den Haag in het verzet gezeten. Veel heeft hij er nooit over verteld, wel dat ze na de bevrijding nog enkele collaborateurs met een 'bezoekje vereerd' hebben. Wat ze er verder mee gedaan hebben, heeft hij nooit verteld. Na zijn dood heeft mijn tante op zolder wel een doorgeladen pistool gevonden, wat ze op het politiebureau ingeleverd heeft. Was een buitgemaakt Luger pistool wat nog geladen was. Lag na al die jaren nog steeds op zolder.
Interessant om te lezen. Bedankt voor je bericht.
Thanks to all those brave members of the resistance who risked their lives.
Thanks for your reply.
I think an in-depth look at EACH of the various Resistance groups within the Nederland is called for. Your overview lists them--but it seems the Dutch diversified their efforts vs their Nazi occupiers. It would be a great counter weight in your video archives to the various Dutch collaborators and those who served in Nazi Germany's Armed forces. What say you, Professor?
I first see how well this video does. Then I may make more 👍
@@HistoryHustle , fair enough. I do think they deserve closer looks--from the leaflet printers, to the bankers, to the action squads, to those engaged in hiding people from forced labor camps, even though some movies have devoted themselves to a few members of the resistance so far in your country, the entirety has been barely scratched at.
My wife's grandfather was in the dutch resistance in Freisland. There was a huge family split because his brother was NSB. My mother's maid of honor at her wedding was Trudy van der Zalm. Her family hid downed allied airmen on their farm. Her brother Wim ( Bill ) van der Zalm became the premier of British Columbia. My brother in laws father was taken for forced labor by the Germans. He helpt build bunkers on the Fresian Islands. Lastly, a high school girlfriends father was an unrepentant NSBer. So I have quite a lot of dutch connection. Would love to see more detailed videos about the brave Dutch resistance !
Also, sorry if I'm going on too much. My ex-wifes uncle was a mosquito pilot in the RCAF. He was making an unauthorized beer run to England in someone else's aircraft & crashed 1 mile from the airfield. Killing himself, his navigator & a stowaway RAF man. Mechanical error. He's buried in Twente. Had 3 kills one of which was a Ju 52 carrying the Luftwaffe staff from Berlin to Obersalzberg during the last days of WWII.
Very interesting to read, Robert. Thanks for sharing this!
The war was indeed lost.
I think for 1 reason the Dutch Resistance, became isolated cells.
The Englandspiel really ruined the Connection between Government in Exile, and the Dutch resistance..for many years.
For example, the French Resistance played their part on , and after D-Day.
But the Dutch Resistance had no real part in Operation Market Garden.
My Dad always told me, when the War ended , everybody said , they were in the Resistance.
My dad died when I was Young.30 Years after he died, we found a letter from Stichting 1940-1945, afdeling Hilversum.
Stating he was a Resistance Member, my dad never mentioned a word about this !
Letter tells how he raided and killed German Army offices, weapon and ammo smuggling, helping people who needed shelter, hiding of Jews.
What my Dad told me, he fled to France, because of raids in Holland for Arbeids ensatz, got in Jail and got a Swedish Passport, en fled via Spain to England top become a Red Beret Paratrooper, when he finished the Training , War ended.
My Dad told me, in French Jail he learned all Couplets of the Marseillaise, they would sing it loud to offend the Guards !
My Mom , just a kid in WW2, grew up in Scheveningen, a Dutch mainly fishing Harbour near the Hague.
Immediately after begin war, this small town became Sperrgebiet, al who did not work in Harbour should evacuate.
Her Father worked at Port Control, so they would stay there during war, and always had fish to trade for butter bread...
Near to My Mom's house was a V1 Launchpad build, and they would listen at night in bed, if the V1 would make it, or crash..
Greetings !
Very interesting to read, thank you for taking the time to write this down.
@@HistoryHustle U are doing a great Job for History, in many perspectives, I really appreciate that !
Since Your Videos are not all about WW2, I would like to request, if U could make a Video about the Dutch Zouaves, since I partly grew up at the former Dutch Centre of Zouvaves, City named Oudenbosch !
I still consider it a true unknown part of Dutch History and ...Warfare in foreign Countries !
Greetings !
I would like to see more about Dutch units and forces who fought within the British Armed Forces during WW2.
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Love the euphemism at minute 10:25 about banker Van Graal using “various banker tricks” ... ie embezzlement!
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Where did the Dutch ships go that did not return to the Netherlands after the occupation and how many boats did not return?
England. Can't tell you about the numbers. I guess several hundreds.
You said there was a dark side to some of those in hiding ,you said some of them made much trouble and had to be executed by the resistance.but i would like to know what kind of trouble they made?also congratulations you make very good videos much appreciate your work keep up the good work.
As far as I can tell it were annoyances that escalated. It could be related to food or comfort. Do keep in mind that people had to hide for years and didn't know when it was gonna end.
@@HistoryHustle Thanks i sort of did suspect that now i know it was so
nice vidio keep it up
Thanks!
I would like to know more about the resistance having kill some in hiding who were not being very secretive. How unfortunate and incredible dilemma. Corrie ten Boom mentions this in her book; not that they killed them but that some were so noisy in captivity that neighbors could hear through the walls and came to warn them. Some were arrested and presumably executed along with the people who hid them.
You should do something on people like Pieter Menten, what they did and how they were able to continue living in the Netherlands
Perhaps someday in the future.
My dad was working with Radio Oranje (Radio Orange), an underground radio station in the Hague where they had a number of locations spread around the city hiding Jewish people.
What about the Albrecht group!can you do a program!!thank you!
Perhaps one day.
I wonder if “aunt Rick” met the Ten boom sisters at Ravensbruck
Perhaps, who knows.
My father was in the Dutch resistance. He was trained in assassination and espionage. His cover was in the food stamp office and developed a way to smuggle food stamps to Jews in hiding. He completed 8 asassinations including the Berger Meister of Haarlem. He eventually was discovered and went to Natzwieler in Strasbourg. Was there for 2 years and escaped with the man I'm named after. Got caught and sent to Nordhausen for 2 years and escaped that when allies bombed it.
The geography of The Netherlands must be considered- an open country with no mountains or thick forests for hiding. This greatly affected the nature of Dutch resistance.
Yes. The fake ID cards provided (limited) solution to this.