If you use the same # of turns 3T(Feedback) and 15T(Primary), using 23-25ga wire, on an all white or all yellow toroid, you should be fine using the schematic that is shown in the video description area. The best way to test the toroid is to only wind on the primary and feedback, then connect the circuit up to see if you get a nice oscillation(whining) sound coming off the toroid. If you do, then take the time to wind on the HV secondary, if you don't after adjusting the POT, then try another toroid.
this reminds me how badly i need to get an inductance meter, no idea how i've managed thus far without one. Great video and very informative, thank you sir.
Thanks for this great vid, I had diligently wound up a 4.5" green toroid which after seeing this and doing the 10 turn test realised permeability was way too low. To anyone stuck like me on sourcing a suitable toroid, after ages searching FT-240-J would seem a good option, has an AL of 6845. Have ordered one, will update on the results!
I actually built this and it worked strait off. The only thing missing in this video is an explanation that you need to wind a secondary with many turns with experimentation) i wound one run on my ring and ended up with 130T. I also wound the i think modified circuit that had 3T feed and the 15T primary as opposed to the 10 in this video. i will now experiment with a tap on the primary. The key to all of this though as is explained in the video is that you must start with a very high permeability core ( white is very good ) ( Green is very poor ) also usually if you see the mains filter section of any power supply with a dual wound core ( filter ) they are normally Green but sometimes ( usually in Microwave ovens ) this core will be wound over a plastic encasement which is white and here you have a high permeability core. hope some of this helps, Scorpio............
Just wanted to say thank you for the wonderful information here and helping me understand the differences and importance of different inductance values.. brought a world of light to my projects. ;-?
Hi! Try adding a capacitor in parallel with resistor that goes to base, so basically put that resistor between capacitor legs. I tried, like 50 v 1u, or 35v 47u, or even superbly small ones like 2A223k. I found it sometimes it boost's frequency and lowered my amp consumption. But my setup was different, I tried with a bit higher voltages. Thanks for sharing your experiment! I was inspired by your work, so I even ordered ferrite toroid/ring from online shop! :) My current experiment was based on "fly back, tv transformer toroid" more like a rectangular frame,,, it looks like my windings were messed up or to small, so didn't managed to squeeze out a lot - only some 100 - 400 volts with 2.7v up to 6v battery power source.
OOh sorry forgot to say, i did like this video, this guy has done some kick ass work if you trouble yourself to watch some others and i must add how refreshing it is to here a voice on youTube that doesn't BORE me to tears.....keep up the good work ( her'es hoping that electonicsNmore does not mean No more )
One goal with this is to replicate T.H. Morays work using a Joule Thief approach. All you need is an antenna wire and a good earth ground, and you might be able to light the CFL w/o batteries. Doing some calculations here, if you had 20uF cap and 20H coil, it would resonant at Schumann Resonance of 7.83Hz. You might, therefore, need SEVERAL big toroids arranges in series to add up to 20H and arrange them so that their fields "co-spin". Might be a fun project. A bit pricey though.
Overall a good video, based on the universal joule thief circuit which is basically a flyback converter. The documentation is good, the explanation is good. But a small doubt does remain about the fact that while lighting the CFL tube, you have avoided showing the complete circuit layout, including the 1.5V cell which is supposed to power the gadget. Can you please upload a short video showing the circuit operating with one cell lighting the CFL tube while the whole setup is visible in the camera view? Thanks and regards
Excellent video, I have been looking for a information on a more efficient joule thief circuit. I looked at your more efficient schematic but I'd like to know what the reason is for the efficiency gain if that is easy to explain?
I am aware of how current is measured as it passes through a coil designed to measure it. I am also aware of the water analogy with regard to electricity -- where most of the components can be described as components for water pressure (eg. 'narrowed pipe' = 'resistor', etc.). But I wasn't prepared for the real-world cross-over where they run water through a pipe and measure the volume of water moved inside the pipe from outside the pipe -- using something that looks like a toroidal coupler that they hook to the water pipe in the house. Now in my 50s, I was quite familiar with the mechanical water meters. Measuring the water flow without even touching the water....*mind blown* "Electromagnetic water meters use voltage to determine your flow rate. As water passes through a pipe surrounded by magnetic fields and electrodes, it generates voltage. The water's velocity determines how much voltage it creates, so the meter can translate voltage to flow rate. (And thus, your water usage.)"
Mi circuit is little brighter. I hated the high pitch noise so I added some coupling capacitors at the imput and in between the colector and emiter, this made It a little more stable.
That is amazing do you think you can do something that could have a good output in regards to lumens? That would help for indoor plant lighting. Feed from a 12v car batter source? Learning more from you than when I was college for Avionics. Thanks Will
Tiny toroid? The ones inside of the CFL, on the circuit board are tiny. The one you used is larger than most toroids inside of a power supply. I think that using a resistance in series with the battery is the best way - of wasting power because _all_ of the current has to go through this resistance. Instead, if you replace the 100 ohm potentiometer with a 10k, it will then allow you to adjust the brightness of the CFL without wasting so much power. Thanks for the video.
I tried a higher POT, 500 seems to be the top for performance. I have never seen a toroid used in a CFL lamp driver circuit. They always use a small transformer. I'm not done with this circuit. I think I can play around with the feedback/primary winding for lower current consumption.
electronicsNmore Look again! There is almost always a tiny (od=1cm) toroid inside a CFL, usually in addition to a small transformer. In fact I have opened up about half a dozen CFLs and they all had a small toroid. ( I live in India). In fact CFLs have been my only source of toroids so far, and I'm still trying to get hold of a larger toroid to experiment with. I also intend to try and replicate your experiment (to whatever extent possible) with the tiny toroids from CFLs to see how much can be stretched out of their abilities.
Thanks for the upload, great video! One detail; It would be really great if you could post some info about the size of the toroids you are using. The color codings you refer to are not general but rather refers to a specific manufaturer. What manufacturer is that, or what is the actual size of the toroids?
The circuit operates on 1.3V-1.5V. Output frequency is anywhere from 10khz to 150khz(depending on the POT setting) at several hundred volts. Input current varies from 150 to 400ma using the small toroid. Using a larger high permeability toroid seems to lower the input current.
how many turns your third winding has ? did you wound by hand ? I want to make this but I have little smaller toroids so I have to use thiner wire so I want to know how much turns it needs beacouse its hard to wind by hand many turns
Hi there, All wound by hand. The schematic should show how many turns I used. I make lots of videos, so I am not sure. I would have to watch the video again. You can also count how many turns by looking at the image of the toroid in the schematic. You have to make sure your using the right toroid(and connect the windings properly), otherwise it will not work right. Take the thin wire and wind it onto a pen/pencil using a cordless drill slowly, then you can slide the pen/pencil into and out of the core to wind it. Thanks For watching!
please make a double joule thief using 2 fly back, tv transformer toroid. They are much stronger than normal toroids. I bet you could get more than 1000 leds with that.Please check out the double joule thief video, and see if you want to give it a try, its not a hard one, thanks.
which torroid did you use, I used a medium sized black torroid did 300turns and I only get 36volts Ac but you only did a few turns and you get so much voltage why is that
Hello. Everything was well explained in the video. Unfortunately I cannot remember every detail from over 350 videos. Sounds like toroid is not the right type. Thanks For Watching
+electronicsNmore Thanks for replaying, I have an old 2N3055 and a normal transformer 220v/12v, I wonder if i can make something with it as i have no teroid around
عبد القادر بن محمّد بن عبد القادر Yes, its possible to use a normal transformer to turn on a CFL: You will need a step-down transformer (220 volts stepping down to 4.5 volts at 300 milliamperes). Such a transformer will have a physical gap between the low voltage windings and the transformer's core. Use that gap to wind the feedback coil (15 turns). You need an 80 ohm resistor connected in parrallel with a 220 uF capacitor. Also, a 3.3uF capacitor between the positive pole of the battery and the resistor's connection with the feedback coil must be used. The reson for these capacitors and the 80 Ohm resistor is to set up correctly efgiciency and frequency (200 Hertz range) The low voltage coil and the feedback one must be connected correctly with the resistor and the transistor. Finally, maximum input tolerable voltage is 4.5 volts at 1200 milliampetes (smaller currect is OK as well). It worked for me with a normal transformer from a Nokia 5140 charger.
Hello Sir:) I have a question to you, Is it possible for you to make a circuit having Input: 3V (2x AA) Output: 5V (500mA) ? If its possible sir,. Can you make it? I'm requesting this circuit because everytime i travelling my phone getting dead.. So,I hope you'll reply sir for the result. Thank you in Advance,. . Sir! have nice day,.
You're welcome, I checked out your modified schematic, it looks easy to construct. Approximately how many turns are for the secondary winding for the "HV AC" output? I got my toroid (yellow 27mm O.D, 13mm I.D & 11mm thick) from a PC power supply.
Rat Poision Did I mention that in the video? I don't recall. It was a lot of turns. I can check when I get a chance, but I had to of mentioned it in the video.
hi there I've followed most of your joul thief circuits and would like to attempt one or two myself but would you consider marking the transistor pins IE base collector and emitter on your torroid circuits id allso like to add I have a great deal of difficultyfinding british equivelent transistors and to buy american costs for examplle the nte46 you used in one ov your circuits costs 15 dollars each with postage so any ideas you might have on this would be a great help thanks K
Mpsa13 is what you need(You can also try other similar types). You can buy 25 of them between $3 and $5 shipped on Ebay. Thanks for watching. Be sure to check out my video playlists.
It is good but would be better if can add more knowledge that is what is diameter of wire and diameter of edge to edge, which if the ratio is closest would the current be higher, per same volt. So, the ratio base on radius of wire that is output to edge of ring, then a diameter, and diameter 2 and so on. So, the smaller center diameter on ring of toroid, the longer windings, the bigger diameter is smaller windings, per same windings number. And also, the center diameter to edge diameter is important? Since it can be smaller edge diameter which you put less windings base on smaller loop. So, if the loop is equal to ratio of center to edge diameter, would that be better? So, it is more even as a circle in two 90 degree horizontal and vertical. The more even, the less power to higher output?
Good evening, I can say, how many and how many laps you in primario in secundário do not speak English and do not understand I can send a diagram all data written
Good evening, I can say, how many and how many laps you in primario in secundário do not speak English and do not understand I can send a diagram all data written
![[LIVE] : ONE ลุมพินี 86 | คู่เอก "คมเพชร vs ชาติพยัคฆ์"](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/m3q_dRYDuU8/mqdefault.jpg)
Nice mod. Unfortunately I don't have a way of directly measuring inductance so I'm glad you did some measuring. Thanks.
If you use the same # of turns 3T(Feedback) and 15T(Primary), using 23-25ga wire, on an all white or all yellow toroid, you should be fine using the schematic that is shown in the video description area. The best way to test the toroid is to only wind on the primary and feedback, then connect the circuit up to see if you get a nice oscillation(whining) sound coming off the toroid. If you do, then take the time to wind on the HV secondary, if you don't after adjusting the POT, then try another toroid.
this reminds me how badly i need to get an inductance meter, no idea how i've managed thus far without one. Great video and very informative, thank you sir.
Your welcome! I have plenty of other videos for you to check out as well.
Thanks for this great vid, I had diligently wound up a 4.5" green toroid which after seeing this and doing the 10 turn test realised permeability was way too low. To anyone stuck like me on sourcing a suitable toroid, after ages searching FT-240-J would seem a good option, has an AL of 6845. Have ordered one, will update on the results!
I actually built this and it worked strait off. The only thing missing in this video is an explanation that you need to wind a secondary with many turns with experimentation) i wound one run on my ring and ended up with 130T. I also wound the i think modified circuit that had 3T feed and the 15T primary as opposed to the 10 in this video.
i will now experiment with a tap on the primary.
The key to all of this though as is explained in the video is that you must start with a very high permeability core ( white is very good ) ( Green is very poor ) also usually if you see the mains filter section of any power supply with a dual wound core ( filter ) they are normally Green but sometimes ( usually in Microwave ovens ) this core will be wound over a plastic encasement which is white and here you have a high permeability core.
hope some of this helps, Scorpio............
You are a legend in your own mind.
Just wanted to say thank you for the wonderful information here and helping me understand the differences and importance of different inductance values.. brought a world of light to my projects. ;-?
Glad I was able to help!
Be sure to check out my video playlists as well. I have lots of very interesting/very useful videos.
Thank You
Hi! Try adding a capacitor in parallel with resistor that goes to base, so basically put that resistor between capacitor legs. I tried, like 50 v 1u, or 35v 47u, or even superbly small ones like 2A223k.
I found it sometimes it boost's frequency and lowered my amp consumption. But my setup was different, I tried with a bit higher voltages. Thanks for sharing your experiment! I was inspired by your work, so I even ordered ferrite toroid/ring from online shop!
:)
My current experiment was based on "fly back, tv transformer toroid" more like a rectangular frame,,, it looks like my windings were messed up or to small, so didn't managed to squeeze out a lot - only some 100 - 400 volts with 2.7v up to 6v battery power source.
OOh sorry forgot to say, i did like this video, this guy has done some kick ass work if you trouble yourself to watch some others and i must add how refreshing it is to here a voice on youTube that doesn't BORE me to tears.....keep up the good work ( her'es hoping that electonicsNmore does not mean No more )
I'm not going anywhere. :-) Thanks for the kind words. Be sure to share my channel with others, and check out my other videos.
One goal with this is to replicate T.H. Morays work using a Joule Thief approach. All you need is an antenna wire and a good earth ground, and you might be able to light the CFL w/o batteries. Doing some calculations here, if you had 20uF cap and 20H coil, it would resonant at Schumann Resonance of 7.83Hz. You might, therefore, need SEVERAL big toroids arranges in series to add up to 20H and arrange them so that their fields "co-spin". Might be a fun project. A bit pricey though.
Overall a good video, based on the universal joule thief circuit which is basically a flyback converter. The documentation is good, the explanation is good.
But a small doubt does remain about the fact that while lighting the CFL tube, you have avoided showing the complete circuit layout, including the 1.5V cell which is supposed to power the gadget. Can you please upload a short video showing the circuit operating with one cell lighting the CFL tube while the whole setup is visible in the camera view?
Thanks and regards
This toroid has a nice resonance :)
It does. I was pleasantly surprised.
Thanks for watching!
@@electronicsNmore Is it me or the 440 Volts neon light bulb emits ultraviolet radiation?
@@thanthanasiszamp4707 Pretty sure all the neon lamps give off UV, but not a very high amount.
Excellent video, I have been looking for a information on a more efficient joule thief circuit. I looked at your more efficient schematic but I'd like to know what the reason is for the efficiency gain if that is easy to explain?
I am aware of how current is measured as it passes through a coil designed to measure it. I am also aware of the water analogy with regard to electricity -- where most of the components can be described as components for water pressure (eg. 'narrowed pipe' = 'resistor', etc.). But I wasn't prepared for the real-world cross-over where they run water through a pipe and measure the volume of water moved inside the pipe from outside the pipe -- using something that looks like a toroidal coupler that they hook to the water pipe in the house. Now in my 50s, I was quite familiar with the mechanical water meters. Measuring the water flow without even touching the water....*mind blown*
"Electromagnetic water meters use voltage to determine your flow rate. As water passes through a pipe surrounded by magnetic fields and electrodes, it generates voltage. The water's velocity determines how much voltage it creates, so the meter can translate voltage to flow rate. (And thus, your water usage.)"
Mi circuit is little brighter. I hated the high pitch noise so I added some coupling capacitors at the imput and in between the colector and emiter, this made It a little more stable.
Great to hear!
Thanks for sharing.
Your Welcome. I have a video playlist for high voltage projects. Check it out.
That is amazing do you think you can do something that could have a good output in regards to lumens? That would help for indoor plant lighting. Feed from a 12v car batter source?
Learning more from you than when I was college for Avionics.
Thanks Will
all connections and toroids work. when there is a suitable capacitor across the resistance coming to the base of the transistor
Excellent vid, would you supply modified schematic diagram to run 1200Watt home appliance equipment ? Thanks
Cool
Nice work! Cheers.
Tiny toroid? The ones inside of the CFL, on the circuit board are tiny. The one you used is larger than most toroids inside of a power supply.
I think that using a resistance in series with the battery is the best way - of wasting power because _all_ of the current has to go through this resistance. Instead, if you replace the 100 ohm potentiometer with a 10k, it will then allow you to adjust the brightness of the CFL without wasting so much power. Thanks for the video.
I tried a higher POT, 500 seems to be the top for performance. I have never seen a toroid used in a CFL lamp driver circuit. They always use a small transformer. I'm not done with this circuit. I think I can play around with the feedback/primary winding for lower current consumption.
electronicsNmore
Look again! There is almost always a tiny (od=1cm) toroid inside a CFL, usually in addition to a small transformer. In fact I have opened up about half a dozen CFLs and they all had a small toroid. ( I live in India). In fact CFLs have been my only source of toroids so far, and I'm still trying to get hold of a larger toroid to experiment with. I also intend to try and replicate your experiment (to whatever extent possible) with the tiny toroids from CFLs to see how much can be stretched out of their abilities.
Yes, but those are not being used to transform the power from low to high voltage. They are used as an inductor in the circuit.
Thanks for the upload, great video! One detail; It would be really great if you could post some info about the size of the toroids you are using. The color codings you refer to are not general but rather refers to a specific manufaturer. What manufacturer is that, or what is the actual size of the toroids?
Didn't I mention the size of the toroid I used in the video? Thought I did.
Thanks For Watching!
nice video. keep up the good work
great work,but whats the amp draw and volts going into circuit? whats the output? can you feed some of that energy back to the battery to charge it?
The circuit operates on 1.3V-1.5V. Output frequency is anywhere from 10khz to 150khz(depending on the POT setting) at several hundred volts. Input current varies from 150 to 400ma using the small toroid. Using a larger high permeability toroid seems to lower the input current.
electronicsNmore put a diode on and feed back to the battery.maybe you can close the loop
thank you for video 😊😊🙏🙏
+Mehmet Candaş
You're welcome! Be sure to share my channel with others, rate thumbs up, and check out my other videos as well
Thanks
just found this project , very good Audio and well explined will try it with a CFL oh by the way whatS recomended wattage of the CFL light used
I was using a 9W.
I ASSUME THAT 250Uh toroid will also make a good joule thief charger?
nice
hi, could you show us how to wind the torroid transformer? thanks :)
please mention guage and no of turns of winding going to HV AC on your new circuit.
An idea for a new video: testing the toroids output.
Thanks for watching!
Can you show us a step by step video?
Can I cut a notch in a toroidal core and have that be a homade fly back core?
+David Vermillion Yes, do that! Should work or even better results maybe. Only thing it makes sound/vibrates, who knows how that changes result.
how many turns your third winding has ? did you wound by hand ? I want to make this but I have little smaller toroids so I have to use thiner wire so I want to know how much turns it needs beacouse its hard to wind by hand many turns
Hi there,
All wound by hand. The schematic should show how many turns I used. I make lots of videos, so I am not sure. I would have to watch the video again. You can also count how many turns by looking at the image of the toroid in the schematic. You have to make sure your using the right toroid(and connect the windings properly), otherwise it will not work right. Take the thin wire and wind it onto a pen/pencil using a cordless drill slowly, then you can slide the pen/pencil into and out of the core to wind it.
Thanks For watching!
Do they use that large coil in electric meters for your house???
+Kennynva T.
If you are referring to the toroid, no.
+Kennynva T.
If you are referring to the toroid, no.
If I wanted to run a 36W fluorescent tube, what would I need to do? More batteries?
Better off buying a small driver circuit. 36W is a lot.
please make a double joule thief using 2 fly back, tv transformer toroid. They are much stronger than normal toroids. I bet you could get more than 1000 leds with that.Please check out the double joule thief video, and see if you want to give it a try, its not a hard one, thanks.
+Randy Travis Yup! Just take that tv transformer toroid - it is made to work anyway, so you don't have to find right ferrite roids.
which torroid did you use, I used a medium sized black torroid did 300turns and I only get 36volts Ac but you only did a few turns and you get so much voltage why is that
Hello. Everything was well explained in the video. Unfortunately I cannot remember every detail from over 350 videos. Sounds like toroid is not the right type. Thanks For Watching
I got black toroid on eBay. I don't remember if it had listed the rating. Is there a way to find out?
Hi Don. Go back to your Ebay sales history and check.
HI, Could you please help me with a recording to build this circuit and the transformer ?
Recording? This video is more than sufficient. In the "About" section I included a link as well.
Thank You.
electronicsNmore Thank you for taking some time in replying to this post. I did not notice the link in the About section. That helped.
Hmmm. I'm gonna have to send this to the Mythbusters... or build it!
No need for Mythbusters. I only post real videos.
Thanks For Watching!
ola boa noite o amigo pode me dizer onde é a saida para a lampada nesse diagrama?
ola boa tarde o amigo pode me dizer quantas hora é a durabilidade da bateria nesse circuito?
Tudo depende de quão brilhante você definir o CFL.
Hi, can I use a normal transformer to get the same job?
Not with the tests I've done.
+electronicsNmore Thanks for replaying, I have an old 2N3055 and a normal transformer 220v/12v, I wonder if i can make something with it as i have no teroid around
عبد القادر بن محمّد بن عبد القادر
Yes, its possible to use a normal transformer to turn on a CFL:
You will need a step-down transformer (220 volts stepping down to 4.5 volts at 300 milliamperes). Such a transformer will have a physical gap between the low voltage windings and the transformer's core. Use that gap to wind the feedback coil (15 turns). You need an 80 ohm resistor connected in parrallel with a 220 uF capacitor. Also, a 3.3uF capacitor between the positive pole of the battery and the resistor's connection with the feedback coil must be used. The reson for these capacitors and the 80 Ohm resistor is to set up correctly efgiciency and frequency (200 Hertz range) The low voltage coil and the feedback one must be connected correctly with the resistor and the transistor. Finally, maximum input tolerable voltage is 4.5 volts at 1200 milliampetes (smaller currect is OK as well).
It worked for me with a normal transformer from a Nokia 5140 charger.
Hello Sir:) I have a question to you, Is it possible for you to make a circuit having
Input: 3V (2x AA)
Output: 5V (500mA) ?
If its possible sir,. Can you make it? I'm requesting this circuit because everytime i travelling my phone getting dead.. So,I hope you'll reply sir for the result.
Thank you in Advance,. . Sir! have nice day,.
Check out my latest video about the LED flashlight. There is a DC to DC step up converter you can buy for a couple bucks. Good for 500mA output. :-)
sir...mine is i only got 90v and my toroid is 1inch diameter..how to boost to 120v sir?
+Clyde Maraon
Hello. Try adding more turns of wire to the higher voltage secondary., or try another toroid.
How long the battery lasts?
All depends on the resistor values. They determine how much current is consumed, and how bright the CFL will light up.
Thanks For Watching!
You're welcome, I checked out your modified schematic, it looks easy to construct. Approximately how many turns are for the secondary winding for the "HV AC" output? I got my toroid (yellow 27mm O.D, 13mm I.D & 11mm thick) from a PC power supply.
Rat Poision Did I mention that in the video? I don't recall. It was a lot of turns. I can check when I get a chance, but I had to of mentioned it in the video.
how much turns on secondary?
Should be mentioned in the video.
just say the number simple
whats making the noise ?
The wires on the toroid.
hi there I've followed most of your joul thief circuits and would like to attempt one or two myself but would you consider marking the transistor pins IE base collector and emitter on your torroid circuits id allso like to add I have a great deal of difficultyfinding british equivelent transistors and to buy american costs for examplle the nte46 you used in one ov your circuits costs 15 dollars each with postage so any ideas you might have on this would be a great help thanks K
Mpsa13 is what you need(You can also try other similar types). You can buy 25 of them between $3 and $5 shipped on Ebay.
Thanks for watching. Be sure to check out my video playlists.
ps the tranys were about 50 cents for ten well done
It is good but would be better if can add more knowledge that is what is diameter of wire and diameter of edge to edge, which if the ratio is closest would the current be higher, per same volt. So, the ratio base on radius of wire that is output to edge of ring, then a diameter, and diameter 2 and so on. So, the smaller center diameter on ring of toroid, the longer windings, the bigger diameter is smaller windings, per same windings number. And also, the center diameter to edge diameter is important? Since it can be smaller edge diameter which you put less windings base on smaller loop. So, if the loop is equal to ratio of center to edge diameter, would that be better? So, it is more even as a circle in two 90 degree horizontal and vertical. The more even, the less power to higher output?
Good evening, I can say, how many and how many laps you in primario in secundário
do not speak English and do not understand
I can send a diagram
all data written
muy bueno .....me regala el diagrama,o el plano por favor.. samycreatsion1@hotmail.com es mi coreo..
Schematic is in the video description area.
muy buenooooooooooooooooooo
pliz diagram
mihaitaxyz alex Look in the video description area.
Thanks For Watching. Be sure to rate Thumbs Up and share.
Good evening, I can say, how many and how many laps you in primario in secundário
do not speak English and do not understand
I can send a diagram
all data written
I have a toroid, from television, and, one, of, computer 2.5cm y 10cm
How many can put in primary and secondary
I have no idea. Every toroid is different. You need to listen to everything I said in the video.
Thank You