Sinclair ZX81 (Timex 1000) Grandaddy of Computers | Nostalgia Nerd
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 30 ก.ย. 2024
- The Sinclair ZX81 (or the Timex 1000 as it was sold in the USA), is in many ways, the father of the home micro computer scene. Although it wasn't the first machine Sinclair released, it was certainly the one to achieve significant success and make a massive impact on the lives of British households (and a more limited impact in the States and other countries). The ZX81 delivered micro computing for the everyday man, as it was priced to be affordable regardless of the sacrifices this meant to hardware. Incorporating only 1KB of RAM and a Z80 processor, it was slightly upgraded from the ZX80, but remarkably, even cheaper at just £69.95 back in 1981. It couldn't do much without an additional RAM pack, but it was the ideal machine to delve into BASIC and learn what computers were all about. Join me as I look at it's history, the marketing strategy used to sell over 1.5 million of the units, it's uses, a selection of ZX81 games and what the legacy of this amazing little micro was. And of course, I talk about Sir Clive Sinclair quite a bit as well.
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Jim Bagley's demonstration of Dragon's Lair on the ZX81 is available at • Fan made ZX81 Dragon's...
I didn't know anything about computers and wanted to experiment in 1983. I purchased a Timex Z-81 here in the USA for $49.99. I learned programming through the very comprehensive Sinclair Basic manual provided with the computer. After playing around for a while I wanted to replicate a program that I saw demonstrated at the Seattle Worlds Fair in 1961 at the United States Science Pavilion. The operator would ask the visitor for an approach angle and velocity to determine an orbital trajectory for launching a satellite or space vehicle. Their computer would print out the trajectory on a printer coming from a telex machine. I was able to replicate that program and had a lot of fun with it. Fond memories of my introduction of computing.
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I forgot the Timex price was $49 I thought it was $99. I only knew one person who owned one.
@@jC-kc4si By 1983 the system was well past it's time, so was probably reduced to get rid of it.
Nice!
"...essentially, we'd be behind the times like Bulgaria"
Hahahahaha... No. While we might've not been getting the absolutely latest tech back in the 80s, the Bulgarian computer industry was thriving at the time and we got a whole bunch of office and home computers under the Pravetz brand (though a lot of the models were Apple II, IBM PC and even Oric Atmos equivalents). It's too bad that there aren't many English information sources on the topic, it would've made for an interesting episode.
yup, Bulgaria was basically the sillicon valley of the eastern bloc, he just randomly chose the worst country he could :)
My uncle gave me his ZX81 back in 82 (I was 11), it's in the garage and still works, though the keyboard membrane has several chewing gum foil wrappers acting as contacts.
I remember being more interested in seeing how the basic code worked than I was in actualy playing games. As with the ZX-Spectrum later on, that keyboard and it's multi-keyword/key meant one could type code blisteringly fast once memorized and memorize it I did. Those were the days of taking days off of school as my dad read line after line of code out of countless magazines and books. The golden age of computing for sure, when computers still had soul :)
yes i had a book how to program your zx 81 was stuck in it more than the terrable games 1 was how to play sounds music well it was how to to emit a buzing noise from the screen !
My interest in computers started at age fifteen when my grandpa introduced me to his ZX81...
The funny part is that it was only three years ago :)
Mine started with the TRS-80 just a few months ago.
3D Monster Maze = The Grandaddy of Doom
Doom 1982 :-) still better that half the crap on steam greenlight.
mazogs (big spiders) a maze but 2d was fun i thought well beats other junk!
Akalabeth would like a word with you
It's not
@@mikkkeh It is.
The Sinclair ZX81 was my first computer as a kid. Dad ordered the kit version from England, and then we assembled it at the kitchen table. Dad then brought an old full-sized keyboard home from work, and wired it up to replace the pressure sensitive keys.
I wanted the KIT, but no. My ZX81 was already assembled. I was grateful tho!!!! It was fun..
Definitely time for more ZX/Sinclair content, Clive was such a gem and the world is far worse off without him.
Had one as a kid! Spent my time making my name repeat down the TV screen. Great video, keep them coming.
10 print "insert name"
20 goto 10
My dad won a ZX81 at a local lottery and it had no external memory. Turn off, all gone. I spent more time typing the programmes than using them but it was good initiation.
so he won a computer with no onboard ram? sounds like he got "Bit" lol
hook up a cassette and bingo you can save programmes and spend two or three hours listening to a pre digital style modem sound as you tried and tried and tried to load it .......happy days !!
Took me weeks before I got a working cassette recorder.
Actually, the Spectrum came out in 1982 - not in 1983 as you say in the video.
Ha, our first home computer. I was 3 when we got ours and I remember playing on it. Being born in 78 I pretty much grew up alongside the home micro revolution, it really is amazing how far we've come. I had no idea that in 30 years we'd be using these things to anonymously tell eachother to kill ourselves over the information superhighway :) It was all so innocent back then you see ;) The only game I remember on the ZX81 is one called Road Runner, where you had to pilot a cent symbol down a scrolling road without touching the sides. Exciting stuff!
I had the official 16K expansion, which I kept in place with a rubber band that went all the way around the computer. It was $100 US assembled and $50 for the 16K. I bought it before the TI version was released.
I learned assembly language on it by converting the assembly language into numbers by hand, then putting them into a string with a basic program.
While the mnemonics are different, Z80 assembly language is pretty much the same as 6502, so it the move to the Atari 8 bit wasn't difficult.
Just watched you pull out your ZX81 from its nice slide out box with a tear in my eye and remembering when I was robbed and the room trashed. My ZX81 survived having been thrown across the room but the box had been ripped up and the Styrofoam broken. Sad times but at least the micro lives on to this day.
not even thieves want it, speaks volumes to its usability
@@AllGamingStarred They had no use for a door stop
Sigh. I can still remember recieving a birthday invitation printed on a spark printer...way back in 1982...good memories
Found my ZX81 earlier this year. Back in 1983 I used it to write programs that I submitted for my O Level Computer Studies.
I had a third party 16k RAM but still needed Bluetack to stop it wobbling 😃
Like many others I started programming on the ZX81 and went on to be a lead programmer at EA many years later. What a great machine.
Do you still work at EA to this day?
@@bonusmemez2739 I still make games as a freelancer, not at EA.
I bought a ZX81 in 1982, still have it, still works. 16K memory and prnter
I only recently discovered your channel and I LOVE IT!!! Keep it up man!!!
Well thanks very much :)
Nostalgia Nerd You are very welcome!!!
Nostalgia Nerd BTW, I recently acquired one of these systems and was planning to review it myself at some point. I learned a lot about it I didn't know here, so thanks!
I agree your videos are really interesting and informative.
1k chess is great but there's a better chess game for the ZX81 nowadays called super micro chess. It has all the rules among other improvements and still runs under 1k.
RIP Sir Clive Sinclair 1940-2021
I remember my Dad coming home one day in 1981 with a small box and we all gathered round the dinner table to discover what was in the box...A brand new ZX81. Our new Family Computer 😄
RIP Sir Clive Sinclair
This computer is why I became an engineer and left poverty. I wrote a program on this for my dad's finances and they made at most $10k a year in 1983. The program was to figure out his business losses for taxes.
when people talk about the ram packs they only mention the sinclair ones, but the 3rd party versions were twice the size for about the same money(datel electronics, romantic robot and kempston which had a joystick port on it, i had a sinclair one but also had a datel 96k one though never found anything software wise to use that much memory lol, another thing was they are stackable if you have the type with the pass through slot on the back, you can put another pack on the back and have 32k.
I was tempted to save money and buy the kit, but I thought to myself, what happens when I solder it all together, and it doesn't work? This was before Timex branded it as their own. I remember mailing away to Nashua, New Hampshire for one of these. It was not long before I also ordered the 16K RAM pack. I also remember basically learning Z80 assembly from the manual, because of the table they had, for each 8-bit number, listing the decimal, hex, character, and opcode nmemonic. Heck, I hand assembled some programs from that table, then sat there POKEing the code into a (dummy) REM statement.
I cut my teeth as a programmer at age 6 on a 1k ZX-81...today, going down memory lane is easy, as we can get flawless emulators in quantity on the internet. Today, anyone with an internet capable PC has the equivalent of a supercomputer on their desktop. And in their pocket is they have a smartphone. Astonishing progress in a short lifetime.
5:36 Mick socket, you know, for your mickrophone...
Glad someone mentioned that lol
Since a heck of a lot of ZX81's were sold as kits, it is a shame they did not include an option for AV-3-1910 sound chip and 16K Ram on the motherboard, or for assembled machines, a socket a sound chip and extra Ram. The sad part is there is enough room on the motherboard to add these and it would not have cost anymore.
Anyone with a working knowledge of digital electronics would be able to do this very easily. Unfortunately the ZX81 was designed down to the last penny.
I know it was made for the lowest price possible, but leaving space for un-populated chips should not have cost any more money.
@@10p6 " but leaving space for un-populated chips should not have cost any more money." Not true at all, the PCB space still costs as you need a larger PCB and that cost adds up when your making 100,000s of them.. they just wouldn't do it knowing that probably few people would actually bother/or have the smarts to, add those chips. the market needed a super cheap computer.. if you wanted a computer with extra memory and sound those computers already existed and naturally cost more
@@DanafoxyVixen All the electronics even back in 1980 / 81 would have fit on the normal PCB, so it would have not cost any more.
Timex/Sinclair 1000 was the first computer I laid hands on as a child in the 80s :).
I had a Timex Sinclair 1000 in 1984 or 85. JC Penney or SEARS had it for $19.95 and the same for the 16K RAM expansion. I was just a kid, but could afford that. I had a VIC-20 as well. I had alot of good times with the old ZX81/Timex Sinclair 1000. I got all the computer gaming magazines and remember typing programs into both. I also made a dungeon crawl type game from what I learned in computer class at school.
+Arnie Mahns P.S. I got the 1000 (ZX81) and the 16k RAM and a new tape recorder for like $60 total. I don't even know what happened to it. Lots of stuff went missing when I went to the AirForce.
what are some good games? i just got one and frogger 😎
@@jonniefast You are probably better off watching a video on best ZX81 games. I only typed things in from magazines and wrote my own little programs.
My very first. Tought me BASIC and life was never the same again. So many nights nearding away on - and swearing over - the keyboard. I even managed to make a payroll program to help me in my job. Could hold 50 pay slips. Not bad for the time.
The ZX81 was my first homecomputer and i learn programming on it. I buy it from my teacher including a 16 KByte-RAM expantion and a big keyboard, that connection he modded in the ZX81 for 150 DM from my chrismasgifts in 1984.
I ordered the kit and waited... and waited... and waited. Finally it arrived, and they had sent an assembled one.I added the 16K RAM pack, printer, and modified it so I could use a real keyboard. Even in those days I could type faster than that little machine could take it.
Do you think you'll do a video about the MK14 one day?
ZX Spectrum released in 1983? I think you're out by a year there!
And it's Mic pronounced Mike, not Mick. Since it's short for Microphone.
I just recently bought a Timex/Sinclair 1000 off eBay. My first microcomputer was a TS1000, wow is it small, really tiny. Even the stylish black and red packaging is minuscule.
...was there ever a kit to make a ZX81 into a portable?
I feel like it's small enough and low-power enough even with '80s batteries it could have a decent run time
Great vid! I was given one in 1987 and a bunch of cassettes. 3D Monster Maze. Wow! What memories
To say that the touch sensitive keyboard was a pain to use would be an understatement.
Fella, just bought a used (boxed) ZX81 and ZX Spectrum, you have stirred my mood for retro gaming! cant wait to get them, first 2 computers i had back in the day! good on'ya for making me spend money! who says you cant buy happiness ... :)
I got given a boxed spectrum a few years ago, only just got round to fixing the keyboard (membrane connection was cracked) and have been loving playing some 8 bit classics
The speccy was 1982, not 83.
dragons liar on that omg imagine using the full 64kb memory
My first computer was a ZX81. I've still got it and programmed the game "Masada Class" for it which you can run on emulators. A great machine for its day with Mazogs and 3D Monster maze as the standout games for it.
That was excellent! Those games are impressive, looking back, especially the flight sim and the Scramble clone. Great memories.
"Mic socket" ....LOL. Bless you mate. Subscribed.
The Apple II was sold as an expensive premium product just as Apple products are today. This worked in the US market but didn't stand a chance in the UK. Besides, there was nothing particularly powerful about the Apple II except for the slots. It was a 1MHz machine made out of standard TTL parts just like most of what was in the UK market.
It's like reading braille through garden gloves.
My parents bought a Timex 1000 for me but I really wanted the Radio Shack TRS-80 because that is what we used in 8th grade in 1982.
I had no idea what to do with it. lol 🤓
Dragon's Lair on a ZX-81!!! Holy crap, what's next, Call of Duty on a Palm Pilot?
I remember the Sinclair C5. The future of urban transport. Could get you to the end of road between charges. Visionary.
Shockingly it's kinda coming round in a way. These 'e-bikes' are becoming more and more popular these days and with the increasing pedestrianisation of our towns and city they become an increasingly viable option between a car and a full on pedal bike.
I had a ZX81-clone called "Basic 2000" as a kid. Found it in my aunt's attic in the mid-nineties. Didn't have any software or even a tape deck for it, so couldn't really do anything with the thing.. Still, my family didn't have any other computer at the time, so I has some "fun" playing around with it. Typing mostly..
It was my first computer (35 years ago...)
I now sell them on Ebay USA with new video composite that works with HDTV, a switching voltage regulator (no more heat) and other upgrades.
We ship worldwide.
I loved monster maze but it's hard to find now.
:o(
3 Words... 3D Monster Maze! :)
I'm still waiting for my 16K RAM pack I ordered in 1981
LOL not the granddaddy, more like the poster boy low cost calculator kit of computers.
I almost bought one as my first, but when the VIC20 came out with a real keyboard, color, and graphics... well that sealed the deal and took my money.
Decades later I got one free in a haul of obsolete computers, and ended up giving it to a science teacher as a thank you for him giving me a classroom full of obsolete Macs.
This was my first computer. I was so clueless that I thought when you "read in" a program from tape, that meant the program moved from the tape into the computer, then you would have to write it back out when you were done or it would be gone. I've learned a thing or two since then.
The ZX80 was my first computer. We tried to buy a kit for $100. The fully assembled was $200. The kits sold out so Sinclair sent us a fully assembled for $100.
I find myself increasingly wanting one of these.
Ugh. Alright, so the "video glitch" wasn't some recording problem. I just watched a video on programming the ZX-80, and the screen video was glitching. Really annoying, but now I know why; not the video producer's fault. It was the computer. Oh man...
Interesting about 3D Defender. There was a game on the Atari 8-bit called Star Raiders II that looked similar to this.
This was a step up from the Sinclair calculators, it was right on the bleeding edge. You could write programs to get your projections using loops, this was a massive step forwards. Lots of people bought it thinking you play games on it, which did come along, eventually. As many people have stated that Manual was the key to getting to grips with the BASIC language, and once you had that it was a valuable transferable skill, the rest is history......................
I had this computer in 1981 as timex 1000 (zx81) as child in Germany my 2nd computwr was MSX Sony Hit Bit 3th and last was Atari 800XL
Dragon's Lair on the ZX-81?! Holy cow. I had the Timex version, spent hours typing in and debugging an orbital simulation from Creative Computing, was editing out the last error and preparing to save when the computer jiggled EVER so slightly and )blink( - RAM pack movement WIPES OUT all memory. Hours of work GONE. Frustrated, I immediately start over, retype, debug, save successfully, finally off to bed. Few days later, load up the program, try to input from keyboard - middle keys ALL unresponsive. Took the damnable thing back for refund, went to Radio Shack, bought a TRS-80 Color Computer, never looked back.
The ZX81 manual was miles ahead of other manuals at the time (or even now). I've shown it to a number of modern school kids while talking about early computers and one thing that comes across is that it is clearly aimed at someone who has never even seen a computer before.
The admiration of the old BASIC manual does intrigue me. Would you say it's still a viable way of introducing yourself to basic programming?
I know it's not going to have a massive relevance to modern programming but is it still a good introduction of sorts?
@@mr8I7 It introduced a new concept with each chapter with practice exercises. So things like subroutines, printing anywhere on the screen, using graphics. All the basic concepts are there even by modern computing standards.
Ah the 80s. I had a zx81 AND a Renault 9 Turbo in bright red - E477VUS.
The zx81 lead to an Electronics Degree in 1990 and 30+ years as a Software Engineer all over the world.
Clive was awesome. I had his computers, microdrives, watch, mini tv, calculator, it was all amazing for its day. He was a god! On top of that, he was somewhat responsible for the formation Acorn and the Arm chips everyone uses today. Say what you like about his flops, you can't deny his inventiveness, boldness and inquisitiveness. A great Briton indeed.
You can solder in a 16KB RAM chip straight onto the motherboard, rather than using wobbly external RAM packs. blog.tynemouthsoftware.co.uk/2014/07/zx81-internal-16k-ram.html
Graphics? We didn't need no stinkin graphics! We had imagination back then. And patience. It was amazing what clever programmers were able to do with so little to work with. I eventually moved up, but I had a lot of fun with the TS1000 before that. (Timex 1000> Vic-20> C=64.)
Mazogs
I had one. I mainly recall severe anxiety due to the crappy power cord connection. I wrote millions of lines of code, and that damn computer was just like Lucy holding the football for Charlie Brown, every time I got close to being able to save it to the cassette it would go POOF.
ARRRRRRRRRRRRGGGGGGGGGGGGHHHHHHHHHHHH! Start over.
Good times in retrospect.
ironically the timex 1000 was the yank version of the rubber key 48k speccy, not the zx81...
I was born in the 1985, but anyone born in the 1980s and under should be humble and patient about the computers now a days. Young folk born in the 1990s and beyond, will never, ever, ever, know the excitement of having a 26k dial-up modem and installing a brand new 56k dial-up modem. We were all excited that we were able to play games online like the original StarCraft game over the computer gaming service 'Game Spy'. Also, we were all excited that we were able to load adult images much much faster! ;)
I was already using a 16k Pet at school in 1980. I declined the zx80 but jumped at the 81. It was like having my own home Pet. Good Times, and as you correctly say, there was nothing to compare it with and you were happy to put up with foibles such as the ram 'falling out the back' . Even now I still use that phrase if I lose a file... 🤔😂
My very first computer. I added an external keyboard, a 16K memory pack and a tape recorder. Games on cassette would take around 7-8 minutes to load. There was a remarkable flight simulator which worked on the 64x48 pixel display. I don't know if you came across this, but it was announced that some UK government departments were supplied with ZX81s because, for certain duties, they worked faster than PCs of the time.
The ZX81 was used as the brain for a hacked BigTrack my father built that you could truly program as a true robot... It was a much-loved control system for the DIY robotics scene in the 80s, also probably the reason so few of them survived, they were cheap for using in projects as the Raspberry Pie of its day.
I never liked to program on ZX machines or didnt really use them that much (still they are a big part of the 8-bit era and well deserved). I think the price was too high in my country so it was probably a big deterrant. Instead the best machine - that i loved in the 8-bit era was the Spectravideo 328. I loved the keyboard and the BASIC from microsoft. Less peek and poke...and function keys that you could program...and the sprite handling...in basic commands(!). Dang good memories so much fun doing different programs. I was 12 years old or so. I read every book about computers and about BASIC language i could find...and was dissapointed when the library didnt update with new books. I remember this - was pretty upset lol.
The ZX81 was a great computer as Sinclaire Spectrum and BBC Acorn and along with the American Commodore 64 and Atari kickstarted the 1980s and bring the joys of computer technology to your living room. In my opinion these computers were better than the computers of today because they thought you programming and were a lot fun playing their games.
The ZX81 taught me programming and launched my career in IT. I eventually soldered the wobbly RAM pack to the main board and built a custom case and keyboard.
I thought the ZX-81 was beyond shit so I gave up on it, took it back to W.H. Smith and later saved up for a 48k Speccy, which was somewhat less crap.
OUCH, was that guys name "Rip Dickinson"?
It's great that Clive achieved the "Young Business Man Of The Year Award" and was given a Knighthood in the same year and video games industry was going down the shitting in America.
Now it will blow out someone’s lungs and shoot 200 higher caliber rounds full semiautomatic. This needs to be arbitrarily banned for being scary.
Not the granddaddy of computers, I think you'll find that was Colossus, built in Bletchly Park House UK. Of course, there are others during WW II whose work it was based upon, the road was a long one, but the PC really got going once the Americans enthusiastically took on the work.
Storing commands as single-byte tokens was/is business as usual for all BASIC interpreters, Sinclair computers just did the least to hide it. Single-key commands may just have been as much about saving the user from typing repeating keywords (on a pretty horrible keyboard) as it was a cost-saving method.
My next door neighbour had the zx 81 so I decided to ask for a zx spectrum 48k just so I could do helicopters with my willy at him lmao.. been hooked on gaming since.
5:25 the keyword single key system (instead of typing each letter) was *not* to save space in a stored program as the CBM PET, Apple ][, Acorn BBC, Vic-20, C64 also stored the keywords as a single token byte which was a lookup into a table to access the ROM routine. All the latter computers had the user type the individual letters of the keywords which the system then parsed into tokens (the Apple ][ was particularly heavy handed with token conversion).
The main reasons for the keyword system were it cuts out the need to parse the line entered for tokens, and syntax checking was implemented by only allowing valid keywords to be entered at any point removing the need to check syntax when running.
The only micro of the time I know that didn't tokenadise the input was the Acorn Atom. However, it did allow you to abbreviated commands to the first few distinctive letters followed by a full stop. The BBC micro kept this abbreviation system for its tokenadisation code. The CBM machines used a feature of the way the tokenadisation code was written to allow abbreviations by shifting (thus setting the top bit) the input character (after enough to identify the token had been entered).
anyone know the music from 6:57? sounds so familiar I can't place it, and it's annoying me! lol.
Well, back then it wasn't bad at all... And it was incredible challenge for a programmer - make usefull game and... you have only fonts and 1k! :)
My first home computer, 99 Dutch guilders at Vroom&Dreesman warehouse it was a risky decision to buy it from my household money, but my whole family helped when coding in hexadecimal machine language. First try was a shock because all lights went off, not only in my house but in the whole neighborhood!
made a horror game in 40 seconds based off of saw.
basically, its crap but it's functional crap. There are no graphics, just commands
Pull the lever and die or don't pull the lever, get called a rude word, THEN die.
If you want the program, shoot me a message
Someone might have mentioned it in an earlier post, but I'm not going to read through all 219. The ZX Spectrum came out in 1982. I know this for a fact as I had one then (for about 12 days before it died).
Fligth simulation made me laugh, but being a "boy" from the '70s I feelt the excitement of a kid (of any age) seeing that on his brand new ZX81 :)
11:00 OMG. I haven’t seen that flight sim in over 40 years! I played the heck out of that as a kid.
Lovely job sir. We had ours second hand in a carrier bag and we never looked back.
Rocket Man!
Is there an American version of the zx spectrum like the timex version of this. I've wanted to get a spectrum to play the games I never got to play in Canada as a kid that you guys in the U.K. Got to play in the 80s and 90s.
Vote from Serbia... Blaming Bulgaria for anything is not correct and you MUST correct that.
3D Monster Maze and 3D Defender are both stunning when you consider the hardware it is running on.
3D Monster Maze is fun even today. It has stood the test of time.
and there's still something creepy about it
Don't forget MAZOGS!
I remember the first time i saw it at my friend's house; i was flabbergasted by the speed of the fight animations hehe
My first computer back in the 80s.£45 with 16k ram pack and 2 games from whsmith.
Got one from a friend in the 80's (including the 16K memory kit) but could never get the tapes to play properly.
I'm late to the party, but just checked out ebay to see what the collectability value is on these, and they're still selling complete setups (printer, computer, etc) for an average of $100. Sure there isn't much one can do with one other than show the unit off to friends, but it isn't that expensive either.
That was the first and only pc of our school. 2 of us were using it to learn Basic. French elementary/secondary school back in early 80s. Really cool
loads program
zx81: "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
I think i killed the poor thing