Edge of the World: Strait of Magellan, Drake Passage & Beagle Channel
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 31 ก.ค. 2024
- At the southernmost edge of the inhabited world lies a trio of straits, the Strait of Magellan, the Beagle Channel, and the Drake Passage, the only natural gateways between the world's two largest oceans. Together, we'll learn about the history of these three southern straits: their geologic origins, the people who've crossed them through the ages, their importance in the world's economy and culture, and even how they've reshaped the ocean itself. Let's Explore!
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Chapters:
0:00 Intro
0:29 Geographic overview
2:09 Geologic history
2:51 Human history
6:41 The Straits today
7:29 Bridge/tunnel?
7:56 Conclusion
NOTE: The flag of the Netherlands used at 4:31 is supposed to be the Statenvlag, used by the Netherlands from the mid 17th century, but the actual flag may have actually been a darker shade of blue (the colors were only standardized in the 20th century with the dark blue we see today). Either way, the Orange-white-blue Prinzenvlag would have been more appropriate given the date of the Dutch transit of the passage in 1616. The flag of Luxembourg is similar, but wider.
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Seafloor spreading animation made with GPlates: www.earthbyte.org/gplates-2-3...
All CC BY-SA works and their derivatives may be used under their respective licenses. See all CC licenses at creativecommons.org
Cape horn: kasio69, CC BY 2.0
Holanda Glacier: RAYANDBEE, CC BY 2.0
Magallanes Locator, Santa Cruz Locator, Tierra Del Fuego Locator: By TUBS via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
Magallanes Flag: By B1mbo and -xfi-, CC BY-SA 3.0
Antarctic Claims: By A loose necktie, derived from Lokal_Profil, CC BY-SA 4.0
GPlates 2.3 and Data: EarthByte Group, CC BY 3.0
Antarctic Convergence: Hogweard, CC BY-SA 3.0
Cueva Fell, fishtail points: University of Iowa Press - "Travels and Archaeology in South Chile", CC BY-SA 3.0
Indigenous Peoples Map: Janitoalevic, derived from NordNordWest & Keysanger, CC BY-SA 3.0
Battle of Mactan: Nmcast at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0
Beagle Voyage Map: Sémhur, CC BY-SA 3.0
Puerto del Hambre: Pato Novoa, CC BY 2.0
Fuerte Bulnes: Juan25, CC BY-SA 3.0
Punta Arenas Pano: John Seb Barber, CC BY 2.0
Clipper Route: Johantheghost, CC BY-SA 3.0
Armel Le Cléac'h: Eric HOUDAS, CC BY-SA 4.0
Beagle Conflict Map: Keysanger, CC BY-SA 3.0
Punta Arenas with ships: Gonzalo Baeza H, CC BY 2.0
Cristina Calderón: Víctor Alejandro Correa Rueda, CC BY 2.0
Lidia González Calderón: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile, CC BY 3.0 Chile
Capesize Tanker: Danny Cornelissen
Ferry: Heretiq, CC BY-SA 2.5
Cymbal: Thibault Aspe, CC BY-SA 4.0
This part of the world is hauntingly beautiful. Even in the 21st century going here feels like an adventure. You feel small and isolated amongst the mountainous windswept landscape. Yet some of the warmest friendliest people choose to live here. It’s truly an amazing place.
I've visited Ushuaia briefly, it's a very scenic place!
This region has been on my short- list for a long time. I'm happy for you for making the journey.
@@SignoreGalilei You missed the best of Tierra del Fuego (Chilean side) full of fjords, channels, islands, mountains, islets, hanging snowdrifts and glaciers; the highest mountain in all of Tierra del Fuego (Mount Shipton); the fabulous Monte Sarmiento (described by Charles Darwin as 'the most sublime sight in the region'); and the Cordillera Darwin, a mountain range exclusive to the Magallanes region - Chile, and which houses one of the three ice fields in Chile. A few weeks ago Will Smith, MrBeast, and Camila Cabello, made that Chilean route starting from Punta Arenas - Magallanes, to reach Antarctica. I don't know if Sebastian Vettel did that route or not in private, but what is certain is that he stayed this year enjoying Torres del Paine.
@@markjoler3044 Hey, the Argentinian side is pretty great and is full of breathtaking landscapes too. No need to turn this into a competition.
@a no one CARES!!!!!!!!!!!
I was on a 5000ton refrigeration ship and passed through the Straights of Magellan going from Chile to sail up to Argentina - it was ABSOLUTELY SPECTACULAR. That was back in 1979 - thankyou for the video
That sounds very cool. You're welcome!
A great adventure!
How was the experience? What did you thought about the place?
I traveled to Chile to conduct research last year and it has been one of the most amazing experiences I've had, as soon as I crossed the BíoBío river into the Araucanía Region you really start to feel that there is something special in that strip of land, and when you approach the Andes the wilderness is just amazing, the temperate rainforest is such a beautiful environment. That section is the start of the south, and where things start to really get more disperse and wild, Concepción is kinda like the Winterfell of the southern cone, then going through Araucanía, los Ríos y los Lagos it is evident the immense beauty of the area and why colonialism was so relentless there, the Mapuches found themselves literally on heaven on earth, and oh boy the Europeans wanted it so much. Anyways, next time I'll go further south to Tierra de Fuego, the trip is a pain in the ass but it is worth it.
That sounds really cool! I've been to Ushuaia, which was great itself, but not the rest of the area.
You can visit Ushuaia quite easily, just fly to Buenos Aires and take a connection flight to Ushuaia there.
@@zddxddyddw a quien le interesa Ushuaia jajaj
@@vichonavarrete9929 a quién le interesa tu opinión
The region still very scarcely populated, maybe this global warming could push south americans to live more fourther south, same with new Zealand.
My carrier was too big for the canal, so I sailed around South America. Your video was the first, I have ever seen, explaining the geography in this area. Thank you!
You're welcome!
In California there used to be only three ways to get here. The first by wagon or horseback, and later the transcontinental railroad. The second the dangerous journey to disease ridden Panama, then crossing the Isthmus jungle by mule train and catching a ship north. Very dangerous as the losses from disease could be considerable. The last was the Passage Around the Horn, or Cape Horn, which allowed the shipment of large, expensive and heavy items by cargo and passenger vessels. Dangerous because of the weather and seas but popular. Things used to be identified as "coming around the Horn". I remember by grandparents had an elaborate old wooden pedestal lamp stand they had been gifted by a rich employer they worked for as servants. We always identified it as "what came around the Horn". The railroad only reached LA in the early 1890's and the Panama Canal opened in 1917 for WWI. Before that we were an isolated small town without even a real harbor.
Wow! I had heard that the strait was used for that purpose. It's nice to hear more details from someone with family history!
There were other alternatives, at different times, including the Tehuantepec Railway (across the isthmus in Mexico) and the Panama Railway, both of which preceded the opening of the canal.
I was a marine engineer in my first career, rounding Cape Horn in January 1978. I hate to disappoint all the viewers but it was as calm as a millpond, the largest waves being the vessel's bow wave and wake. Nice video 👍
In his 19th century classic, "Two Years Before the Mast", Richard Henry Dana wrote memorably about what it was like to sail through Tierra del Fuego during the Antarctic Winter of 1836. It sure made my timbers shiver!
Thank you. I hadn't seen the Beagle Channel before, nor heard the names of the people who lived thereabouts.
Excellent video. Subscribed.
The captain of the Beagle kidnapped four of the locals and took them along to England, teaching them English, and later returned the three that survived. One was Elleparu, called York Minster by the crew.
Yep, that did happen. Not a very happy piece of history there.
I absolutely love concise videos like this. Perfect pacing, accurate and helpful visuals, very informative. Thanks dude
You're welcome!
Clearly one of the more informative and enjoyable TH-cam channels. You can actually learn many interesting facts from this young man. His narration and demeanor are pleasant and easy listening. This gets a 9.2 "WW" (worth watching) score! 👏
Thank you!
Love your channel and all your videos, you make things I often gloss over when studying geography.
Thank you! I do love covering those "out of the way" topics, and it's good to hear that people like you enjoy learning about them.
We got to see this in January on a cruise from Buenos Aires. It was fantastic to see the Magellan strait, the Drake passage and Antarctica.
Your quality is excellent. This channel's definitely going to blow up in no time.
Thanks! It's been doing pretty well lately. I hope I can help even more people learn about cool stuff like this.
The Great Lakes video blew it out of water.
Maybe if he would get his measurements correct!
I was on a cruise from Buenos Aires to Santiago, and we passed through the Drake passage followed by the Beagle Channel. There are no words to describe the wildlife and scenery in this area - it is truly fantastic. I've been to Alaska, and Alaska cannot compare to this area of South America.
It's a very impressive place. It's interesting you bring up Alaska, because a lot of people compare Tierra del Fuego to the Inside Passage.
@@SignoreGalilei I've been to the Inside Passage as well, and to me there was no comparison to the majesty of the Beagle Channel of South America.
I love your videos. It keeps my inner geography geek alive :)
Thank you! Happy to help
Great video! Love your voice and you presentation style! Look forward to learning more from you!
Thanks! I aim to post a couple of times each month.
As an Argentinian I really appreciate all the research you put into this video, especially the mention of Cristina Calderon´s efforts, something I honestly had not expected. Keep up the great content!
Thank you! I really try my best with the research and I'm glad that it worked out well.
It’s midnight and I’m watching the most random video ever.
Well I appreciate it at least, haha
2am today the 12th😮
Pass through the straits on the USS Damato DD 871 in late 1968. A truly beautiful place. Thanks for the video.
You're welcome!
Another very informative video! 😃👍
Thanks again!
You're welcome!
me being some one from magallanes, love it.
EDIT: the thing about connect tierra del fuego with the continent is that none of both territories have a economy big enought to justify the connection
Cool! Always nice to hear from people who live in the places I talk about.
Wena, saludos desde Valdivia
Enjoyed your video. Our time spent in Antarctica and Ushuaia was wonderful.
In addition, around 1850 thousands of prospectors rounded the cape to reach gold fields in California and Australia.
That is true, yes.
Never knew i needed this info. Good job. Very rare information indeed 😊
I started to become curious about this region after reading Jules Verne's book Magellania or The Survivors of the Jonathan. It would have been even more wonderful if had seen this video before reading the book. Thank you for your hard work!
In my view, although brief, quite educational. Thanks for the enlightening commentary.
You're welcome!
Great video - a dear family friend has booked a Drake Passage/Antartica Expedition cruise in Feb 2023. Now I understand the differences between the Magellan, Beagle and Drake routes.
That's cool! Glad I could help you learn.
This was a very informative video! Subscribed
Thank you!
Thanks for the geography and economic history of this area.
You're welcome!
The book Over the Edge of the World captured my imagination about this place. Your video was an excellent supplement to
what I discovered from that reading.
Thanks! I haven't read that one yet but it sounds cool.
What a fantastic video. Thank you!
You're welcome!
great video. really enjoyable and informative.
Thanks!
most valuable knowledge.
Nice presentation, I enjoyed your informative commentary.
Thanks!
Thanks for posting
Thank you. Great video.
You're welcome!
Today I learned that the Straight of Magellan and the Drake Passage are two different things. And I'm quite good at geography and history. Thank you for sharing!
You're welcome - thanks for watching!
Very interesting. Thank you - subscribed.
You're welcome, thanks for the sub!
5,2 k subscribers is a joke you should atleast be in the 100 thousands
Thanks! It would be great if that happened haha
Not gonna lie, had us in the first half
Size isn't everything!
@@SignoreGalilei so many trash channels doing "map" content with like 2.4 m subs
Why not 100 million
Super video!!! Thank you!
You're welcome!
There is a terrifying film of sailors maintaining sail high up in the trees of a clipper rounding the Horn. The entire deck disappears below the foam several times. It is just incredible stuff from a different age: Around Cape Horn (1929).
Magellan today is rather honored and revered in Cebu., Philippines. There is a huge cross there that is claimed to have been his.
Cool!
He was hit by a car and died in the Philippines , thanks a lot
very interesting! thank you very much.
You're welcome!
I've been through that area several times. It's incredible.
That's very cool! I've been to Ushuaia and I really liked it as well.
When I was a kid I really liked studying maps and often wondered what it was like at the furthest reaches of our planet.
I'm still fascinated by this....
Went to Punta Arenas in 1968 and thru the Straits simply amazing,
Subscribed due to your efforts and presentation! Geography, cartography, and history rule!
Thank you! Glad to have you with us.
Great video my dude
Thanks!
Very good Thank you.
Oh thanks I was just wondering about these today
You're welcome! That's rather convenient
Nice conclusion !
Thank you!
Seems like a pretty chill part of the world
I mean at least since the 80s. (Or do you mean literally chilly and I'm getting wooshed)
Cape Horn was a pilgrimage for me.
A magnificent part of the world.
I sailed through the Magellan Strait, then crossed Cape Horn from the west through the Drake Passage and then into the Beagle Channel into Ushuaia on a three masted barqe last winter.
Wonderful sight when the sea was kind
Wow! That must have been incredible.
3:44 I visited Tierra del Fuego back in January and there I learned that Magellan actually called the island "Tierra de Humos" (Land of Smokes) since what he saw from his ship wasn't the actual fires but the smoke columns that rose from the firepits. It was Spanish king Carlos I who then changed the island's name to Tierra del Fuego, since he deemed it more attractive
Cool!
The navigation computers that had were not very powerful at the time
I've through that area several times, it's always a gamble on which weather your going to get sailing through Drake Passage.
Brilliant!
Thanks!
My great great grandfather was a sailor most of his life, and one trip he was first mate on the clipper ship Intrepid and which sailed this passage during the clipper ship period.
That ship became shipwrecked in the Gaspar Straits near Bancka Island in the Malay archipelago.
They fought off Malay pirates in proas, trying to save their cargo of silks, fireworks and opium, from China.
Another time, my great great grandfather was the captain of the clipper ship Asterion and they went around the horn also, but became shipwrecked on Baker Island one of the minor outlying Islands, near Howland Island and Jarvis Island.
They filled the ship with bird crap from Howland Island and ran aground on a coral reef off of Baker Island which is truly a hot treeless desert island near the equator.
They were stranded for three months, and all survived but with scurvy.
Wow, those are quite the stories!
Nice job!
Thanks!
great video, it would have been cool if you mentioned the differences between magellan strait and beagle pass that made pilots choose one route over the other, for people who likes ships it's an interesting topic
Yeah, that might be something cool to cover also, though I personally know less about it.
This video should have far more views than it does now
Thanks! I hope it gets traction. I'd love for more people to learn about this kind of stuff.
When I was in the Air Force I spent July 1971 at Puente Arenas with an Air Force Special Operations Squadron working there.
bravery of the explorers = breathtaking
Lovely. Informative. To the point. Largely politically neutral. Just excellent. Thank you.
You're welcome!
I just wanted to say how interesting your videos are & how your voice is comforting enough for me to fall asleep at night. Please keep doing what you doing & don't add any music or sound effects. The videos are perfect as is ❤
Thank you
I love the map gets more high quality when the camera zooms in.
Thanks! I use the high-res Blue Marble satellite pictures from NASA to get that effect.
Thanks a lot
I've transited through magellan strait twice, was extremely beautiful......snowcapped mountain peaks
I really enjoyed the video and it was very interesting. Just one thing, the flag at 4:31 is not the Dutch flag, but the flag of Luxembourg.
Check out the note in the description - it's supposed to be an older Dutch flag, not today's.
I enjoyed thsi video. I knew how dangerous the passage could be and have been interested in the "P line" set of grain clippers as well
Thanks, glad you enjoyed it!
I find it fascinating that Magellan and his crew thought the native inhabitants were giants. Although Patagonia's entomology is debated to mean the land of those with big feet or the land of giants, it suggests that the inhabitants were able to thrive in an inhospitable environment. I like the land of big feet explanation, the large footwear made of woven grasses confusing the sailors who gave them the name.
You mean "etymology," right?
@@Blaqjaqshellaq Ha, spell check got me again! I should have looked a little closer before I sent that comment. Insects and word origins are both interesting but hardly interchangeable!
Well the Tehuelches (the people that most likely Magellan refered to) were actually taller than the average European of the time, however, has you said Magellan was actually referring to their very large footprints hence he named them "Patagon", 'pata' meaning feet in coloquial Spanish and Portuguese.
I hadn't heard the feet explanation before, thanks for sharing.
@@SignoreGalilei its actually one of 3 explanations for the name Patagon, buy there isnt a clear consensus. Another is that Magellan read a novel, Caballerias Primaleon, in which a giant character named Patagon appears and thus the term. There is also another theory about a misstranslation of portugues to spanish on the word "patagao", which means big feet.
When Magellan was sailing down the east cost of South America, his ship was pushed out to sea by 100 kilometers in a matter of hours, and the water turned from salty to fresh. He had found the Amazon River without actually seeing it.
That's cool!
you need to cover the mollucas navigator, which the reason why magellan reach phillipines by avoiding malaysian strait is insane, it is really interesting story for us global south.
I wonder how deep was the Drake passage during the Ice Age. As the ocean surface was 400ft/130m lower, how would that affect the water throughput within the roaring forties? Plus of course, there would be a glacier over the entire Drake passage - whilst the underwater current would not be interrupted.
The Drake is deep enough that I don't think the lower sea level will do too much (though it would have affected the Strait of Magellan and the Beagle Channel). Sea ice might have been significant though.
Honestly the strait of Magellan seems balling af
Sailed across Drakes Passage in 1965 and 1966 aboard RRS John Biscoe.
Never been so sick in all my life.
Awesome
Thank you!
You probably already knew this but Gabriel Boric, the current president of Chile is from Punta Arenas.
I didn't already know that particular fact, thanks for letting me know!
Well done well done
Thanks!
Wow! Nice video very informative but it would suck getting stuck in antártica you can’t even leave with all those currents
You should check out the journey of Ernest Shackleton on the Endurance. He and his crew got stuck on one of those islands at Antarctica's tip and had to sail in a basically a lifeboat across the current there to get help from a whaling station. It was wild.
@@SignoreGalilei wow I certainly am and I love your channel and what you do keep it up
Wow! An American that can say “Antarctica”! Fascinating, concise and educational!
Well, thanks!
Amazing
Thanks!
crazy to think there could be a reality where Chile and Norway, the 2 "Fjord" countries and both the Southernmost and Northernmost countries on Earth respectively, would technically share a massive common border
on closer research, the real Northernmost country would actually be the Kingdom of Denmark, although another of the Fjord countries it's a shame the funny fact is impossible now💔
Ah, well. At least it's close to being the Northernmost country.
Ushuaia is estimated to have around 127k people in 2022. I think the data you used is outdated. Thank you so much for this amazing video! 🇦🇷♥️
Hmm, even the more updated stats I've found still say around 80k. Do you mean the entire urban area rather than just the city? Also, thanks!
As a veteran submariner, i have travelled thru Drake's Passage! Let's just say, I wouldn't want to do it again! Even underwater it was ROUGH!!!!
The roaring forties the Clippers used are the strong westerly winds
Yep!
I went through the strait of Magellan in 1982 on a US Navy ship from the west to the east and North to Punta Del Este URUGUAY and we couldn't go near the Falkland islands as Argentina and the UK were fighting over the Falklands. Also because the area was mined.
Antarctica is 2 land masses. One part broke from Southern Australia at nullarbor and collided with the eastern mountainous section
I think that's why there's a mountain range across Antarctica, is that right?
a little bit of curiosity as to why Magellan was looking for a strait would be nice. Also, great graphic showing that Antarctica was not frozen before the separation from South America
I mention Magellan wanted to find a sea route to Asia, basically the story is that the Portuguese dominated trade from Europe to India around Africa, and Magellan was hired by Spain to find an alternative path. Also, thanks about the graphic!
@@SignoreGalilei I don't mean why Magellan was on the voyage. Why was he specifically looking for a strain to the ocean on the other side of the South America. Why not sail around South America (if he did not know the passage was extremely dangerous). I recall that he checked each of the bays to see if it was a strait.
Imagine yourself in a sailing ship going into the strait for the first time. Why would you think it led the pacific. Magellan sent each of his ships to look for a passage.
@@joechang8696 this is just a guess but I would imagine he had no idea where South America actually ended. For all he knew it could’ve been connected to Antarctica. Or separated by only a small straight or passage. Plus the further South he went the colder it became and the more distance required to be sailed by any travellers using the route. So he wanted to find the furthest North straight that he could in order to have the shortest possible route. Essentially he wanted the most efficient route for future travellers.
Take sailing through the Canadian Arctic for example. There is a route way to the North that avoids all the narrow straights and islands, going around the continent entirely. However, in involves a substantially increased distance of travel through extremely inhospitable (and often frozen) waters. Hence why the emphasis was on finding the Northwest passage instead.
@@joechang8696 I remember seeing a documentary a few years back, which examined this exact question, showing that Magellan KNEW already that there was a passage there. He had with him a rough chart and description of it which he kept secret (Portuguese in origin?). The point is that he wasn't first, but was specifically looking for the passage previously found, but kept quiet for territorial reasons.
@@BMrider75 No , he wasn't the first neither was Columbus it probably was some unknown sailor in an unknown ship with an English surname , yeah right
Great pun at the end.
Thanks haha
Epic
Thanks!
not only did he name the Paific. He was the first who gave us a vague idea, how absolutely MASSIVE it is.
Sailing past there in that era, I guess you can say it’s traveling to A Place Further Than The (Known) Universe
I suppose it would be, yeah. (That's an anime?)
Fascinating. There was a small aboriginal habitation in the Falkland Islands-is much known about these people?
I don't think much is known about them, but I haven't read the literature myself.
there wasn't american natives in the FI, there were some remains found, but belonged to Tierra del Fuego natives brought to the islands by a British missionary during the 19th century
7:06 Wow! 2,000 vs 14,000 for the Panama Canal. I wouldn't've ever guessed they still had so much traffic in the Magellan Straight - even comparatively!
Yeah, traffic in the Panama Canal has been getting real bad, which I think is driving some traffic to the strait.
His measurements are wrong!
Do you have any plans for covering the Panama canal and the Panama canal railroad end to end
It's not on my current list, but I may at some point.
Nice
Thanks!
Ba dump, tsssssss! Good one
Thanks haha
During the Falklands/Malvinas war Chile was a non combatant ally of the UK. Military movements were mad in the region by Chile
Yeah, Chile and Argentina had some long-standing disputes in the area so it makes total sense