A short tram journey through the streets of Sheffield
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 3 ต.ค. 2014
- A short tram journey through the streets of Sheffield with then and now photo's at the end.
On the black and white still picture of Pinstone Street you can make out the tower of St Pauls Church which stood where the peace gardens now are. The church was demolished in 1938.
You can see a short video clip documenting the rise and fall of the church here • Sheffield's St Pauls C...
Music by Arvo Part - Spiegel Im Spiegel
Available from Google Play, iTunes and all good retailers - ภาพยนตร์และแอนิเมชัน
It took us a 3-generation time to come across watching this footage. So amazing! Thank you!
My grandfather was there in Sheffield in 1909. He was from Siam with his King Rama V Scholarship to study at Shrewsbury School during 1907-1908, and then at Sheffield University to study Engineering. Might it be around the beginning of the Firth Court or the Technical School at that time. When he returned to Siam he worked for the Royal State Railways of Siam almost entire of his career life. I had several occasions to talk with him about his stay in England when I was young. Now, I see how Sheffield looked like when he was there a hundred years ago.
Grandpa, I miss you.
Victorian architecture was the height of elegance. Our country was built on the hard graft and tears of our ancestors and we should be thankful and proud. I can't help but feel that our politicians sold us all down the river and gave our country away.
Its called the Kalergi plan. They are all Freemasons working towards their goal of a One World Communist government. The good news is according to the Bible they fail and we the meek will rise up and take our country and the planet back from these fallen entities.
Built on the proceeds of slavery you mean
How? You lost man power in WW1 and WW2 - you had no choice but to bring in the best and brightest minds from India, West Africa, Caribbean and Hong Kong.
@@icysaracen3054 *cheapest
What are you talking about?
And Victorian architecture is functional and slightly grandiose.
The quality of the footage is excellent. My grandmother was born in 1906 and this was the kind of world she entered!
I'm 47 and I grew up in Sheffield. My mum used to take me on the number 17 or 24 bus from Abbeydale Road into town to do shopping, getting off near the hole in the road. Then afterwards, when we'd done, we'd walk on to my Dad's workplace at Shalesmoor, who'd take us home in his Cortina Mark III. All gone now, Dad, the building where he worked - the whole industrial quarter in fact. Student accommodation now.
I remember the blue and cream coloured Sheffield Corporation buses, the peace gardens, the old wooden tram shelter there (serving as a bus-top at the time), Redgates, C&A, Walsh's and much more. Going into town was always accompanied a feeling of great excitement, and I just looked up to it all in awe - a wonderful place!
I remember the smell of the roasting hops from brewery down near the Castle Market, the taxi ranks, the bus drivers and inspectors in uniforms, the "Classic" cinema, the markets, the B&C building with its fancy lifts and restaurant, the Royal Navy recruitment office in Castle Market. My grandparents.
They were happier, gentler times. Most of what I remember has gone. It feels like my heritage was taken away from me; not just in Sheffield but in Britain generally. The bright promising future I looked forward as a child has been systematically dismantled, sold or scrapped. Sheffield, a town that once produced great things, has been reduced to empty soulless shell, colonised by a new generation of hopeless, desperate and poor; or by people with no connection to the place. Even the civic buildings are mostly gone; there's now talk of selling the Central library to the Chinese to be made into a hotel.
My home has gone - destroyed, as surely as if it were devastated by war.
JasonJason210 very well said . Happy days.
Well said Jason, sums it up for me too, sadly. Feel I havn't got a home now even tho' I grew up here!
That's how i feel Jason and many others to. You speak for a lot of Sheffield people who can remember those times that you describe. They weren't that long ago, but they seem it now with how the city centre in particular has turned out. I couldn't agree with you more about all the things you mention. As i said to someone else in this thread, its nice to see that i'm not alone in thinking the way i do about modern day Sheffield. You;re right, its now just a soulless chaotic mess and a shadow of what it used to be.
Department stores and clothes stores like C&A were the ultimate playgrounds for me as kid. I was always running off from my mum and playing on the lifts and ecalators, and getting lost and getting into trouble. And what child who grew up in the 1970s could ever forget Redgates? Or the fish tank in the hole in the road? These things are an indelible part of me.
Got my Raleigh Tomahawk from Redgates learnt to ride it up in the fields by Tom Lane which is now an estate, long time since I was in Sheffield, I remember Cole's being shut on a Monday, open 'til 7.30 on a Thursday, getting cream brandy snaps from Fretwell Downings by Endcliffe park with my mum.
I really enjoyed that. Love how that man just walzed across the tram lines without looking. Bit iffy if you were a tram driver. So interesting to see the fashions, horse-drawn vehicles, the hustle and bustle. I love social history and Im glad that this film is saved for posterity. Loved the stills too.
A really nice production. I enjoyed the "now and then" photos at the end.
Very moving. So ghostly and beautiful. To think that my grandparents were somewhere in the vicinity as that old tram makes its contented glide through a once great city... I, too, tip my hat back xxx
"Once great"...? The city of Sheffield still exists and its still great.
@@view1stin your opinion but to most of us Sheffielders is not, the city I grew up in has gone and replaced with cheap glass buildings and student flats. The shops have all gone, the civic buildings have all gone the only one left is the new town hall but I bet that will be gone soon too
Sheffield dialect is wonderful. Can you imagine what it sounded like back then?
Probably not much different mate
😪God bless the Camera Men for doing these films ❤️
I feel it in my soul. .wonderful film and music. .thank you.
get better shoes
So much has changed since back then. What I found fascinating was how people walked faster than the tram moved. Love history and it's interesting to think how people lived back then when life was a lot harder by also simpler in many ways.
look at the state of Sheffield now we are doomed these men gave there lives for what but thanks for the film lovely to watch kev
19Lion8 : Name me one country that didn’t benefit overall from being in the Commonwealth? Name me one country that doesn’t want to be part of the Commonwealth?
Quit your whiney white guilt, post colonial whinging. It makes me feel embarrassed for you.
I like how cavalier the pedestrians are walking in front of the trams.
Elisa Lenz Go to London right now and then do the same thing, they’re always walking in front of the trams cars are always pulling out in front of trams it’s a wonder more people don’t get killed
These proud hard working people are turning in their graves at the state of affairs in this great city....R.I.P. to all these Sheffield folk.
True
Our once industrial country....
Yes, I totally agree with you, I live in Sheffield, it's gone down hill, big time, it's so so sad.
I totally agree
Lets keep politics out of this,its our home and birthplace for good or bad, looking at the roads you can tell straight away where everything is.all those people long gone .makes you think.we just passing through.
What a wonderful social document you have created. Absolutely fascinating to watch. Thank you so much for your efforts - they really are appreciated.
Well said. I echo that.
Thanks for the "then and now" photos 112 years apart.
Beautiful film, thank you for sharing! Makes me feeel warm inside and connected to our past! Shocking to think how much things have changed in the last 100 years.
R. I. P GOD BLESS All of you. ***
Nice 🎶music and video.
Thank you.
Interesting to note that in 1902 the females dressed so elegantly, the men appeared to dress so professionally, and the public transport system appeared superior to the one which exists today.
It’s astonishing how much has changed in the last 5 years. Thank you for posting
To the little guy who tips his hat at 5:19, I want to say.. yes I see you! And a tip of the hat back at you from 2017!! Wish he could hear me.
There was a little boy who tipped his hat right after that. Maybe 7 years old. 19 in 1914. I hope he survived the war.
@@MrsJBSquared probably not.....
Little Dude God Bless Him And All Of Them xxxx
Its 2019 now and I love all this ,wish it was a little more like that now "tipping the hat.
Through the silence of time, I'm sure he can hear you, I'm sure they can all hear you, in the mystique, spiritual silence of time.....even now from me in 2020, two years after you wrote....I tip my hat........
It seems eerie to realise that every single person you see in this film is not here now. Every wish, thought, lust, rage, love, hatred and dream no longer exists. Makes you think dunnit?
THESE PEOPLE LIVED FOR THEIR TIMES.MAYBE,LIFE WAS BETTER FOR THEM THEN./
@@chanboonyee6788 The good things were, life was more simple, ordinary people appreciated the smaller things, apprenticeships were the common way to get a skilled job, employers could be bribed if you really needed a job, you could immigrate to the new world without being a millionaire, more jobs available because less automation (such as onlined computers, self service machines, factory robots, etc), men were respected because they earned the family income.
That’s a very weird thing I agree . Not one person left. Makes one think
I loved the before and after photos. Makes me sad to see the change
The people existing then knew about the reality of times they lived in and learned to adapt.For most of them,life was hard during those bygone days.
So painful but beautiful when our great country had soul a backbone and the people had grit and unity.
@@SimSim-zf9if no smart arse my great grandparents where and many stories past down.
Amazing film, people so busy and smartly turned out. Good choice of music, not too overpowering. Good to see that at least some of the older buildings still remain.
I’d love to go back to then in a time machine I’m so fascinated by these superb videos! Thankyou👍
God Bless All Of Them xxxx
I must admit.. I choke up every time I watch this. How can sheffield have changed so much. For the worse I might add.
Weak Politicians and mass migration
I don't think there's ever been a single generation who hasn't looked back at the past and automatically grew a pair of rose-tinted glasses that made them declare that things were so much better then...
Because globalists sold us down the river and are flooding our cities with hordes of foreigners
@@CaptHollister yeah well.. I'm sheffield born and bred. Yorkshireman through and through. I loved my city.. 40 years ago you could, as they say.. leave your door unlocked and nip to the shops.. now... you have to inform the cops to say you're leaving ya house..
@@firebladex8586 most people live a lot better than before though.
Life expectancy for men in 1900 was only 50 and infant mortality about 80 per 1000.
I found this video through the "Sheffield then & now" videos. It is wonderful to see and i watched with some emotion and awe. Like Paul said, it's hard to believe that the people in this video will no longer be with us, yet at the time this recording was made, they were just going about their business, with thoughts, hopes and fears like we do today. I recognised all the areas and thought to myself that it all looked so normal and it's how i would wish things to look today, but with the technology we now have available to us.
The modern day architecture, road systems and overall urban layouts lack the familiarity and warmth of the buildings, road layouts of this video. Many of the places that were shown on this video have lost the character and atmosphere of what they once were. They are now pale shadows, almost ghosts of a past era and you look at the contrast between London Rd, Waingate, Heeley, etc as they were then compared to now and it's sad to see how far they have fallen. Today they look worn out, uncared for and unloved.
The Sheffield then and now video's show pictures of Attercliffe and Darnall before all the major housing clearance that took place in the 1970's and i have the same feeling of sadness of how they desimated an entire area in the name of "progress". Whole communities bulldozed and replaced by grassy knoll's with weeds showing, faceless building units and endless new road systems. In many cases these places just needed modernising in terms of utilities and given a facelift, but they were bulldozed and something precious was lost forever.
When i now travel through places like attercliffe, London Road, Waingate, Heeley, i can sense the urban decay. I can sense how much people, life, attitudes and cultures have changed. It all seems so seedy, uncared for and delapidated. Those people in this video have now gone, but it seems to me that they also took with them a sense of pride, love, compassion and care within their community. Everything nowadays seems so souless, stark and almost de-humanised. The aim seems to be functionality above and beyond pleasing aesthetics.
There is a Beach boys songs that is called " I just wasn't made for these times "
That is me. wonderful video. Apologies for the essay :-)
Oh please. Enough with the rose tinted spectacles.
A remarkable amount of these building still exist after 100+ years and two world wars. The smog was so thick these building would have been both obscured and covered in soot. And many of the ugly buildings that have replaced some of the ones shown in the film are post war 50s, 60s, and 70s architecture. Not to mention poverty, crime, and inequality.
People will forever be pining for "what's lost" including those in this video. Always have been and always will. It's natural evolution and progress. A place becomes seedy and tired when it's dated and needs redevelopment. Many of these buildings would have been considered that when they were demolished.
I was pointing out that the buildings in the video look dilapidated compared to how they look in the modern era, not that they don't exist anymore. So, i'm not sure why you bring that up, because that wasn't my point. The smog and soot would have been mainly centred around Attercliffe and Brightside, not around London Road or Heeley. That only happened in atrocious weather conditions. There is still crime now, perhaps more of it in certain areas of Sheffield and inequality still exists, however you want to measure it. I know that buildings on this video were replaced by buildings that were designed in the 40's, 50,s and 60's and many still remain today, which is why i say it doesn't look as good. Again, all you're doing is quantifying what i've said. It's nothing to do with " natural evolution ", because the changes are part of government and local government policy on the built environment, So decisions were made about town planning, roads and what buildings would be built and where and for what usage. That's a pre determined policy, not " natural evolution ". The only places that have become seedy and tired is the redevelopment projects of the 60's, not the Victorian buildings that grace Pinstone street, Leopold Street, Surrey Street and many other parts of town, seen on this video. You're very naive to think that old buildings were knocked down because they were deemed unfit. The fact is that many money deals were made in the post war era with private developers who were the architects of the redevelopment projects. That's why a lot were pulled down and for no other reason. Sheffield has become a city of brutalistic designs based around Le Corbusier's vision of East Germany and many people find it soulless and cold. The past was never perfect, but the same can certainly said of the present and in terms of architecture, civic pride, an awful lot has been lost.
Enough of your woeful ignorance more like, a remarkable amount DON'T exist as anyone growing up here with eyes knows. Even in last 20yrs so much has gone just to grease someone's pockets at our greater cost. What's 'evolution' or 'progress' about swapping attractive human-scale quality made buildings for cheap & nasty ugly glass/concrete boxes?! Turning city centre into dismal lego-land joke no-one wants to visit. Constant redevelopment solely to make a quick £ for someone else as they havn't the talent to fix it now they broke it.
I'm not sure if your comments are directed at me, but i totally agree with what you are saying. My point to the first person who replied to me was that a lot of the old buildings could have been repaired and updated, but were demolished essentially because palms were greased to do that in the post war years, particularly the 1960's. The buildings that replaced them were ugly glass and concrete buildings, that stemmed from the Brutalist architecture of the era. I totally agree that these modern buildings simply don't compare to the old ones in terms of beauty or ease on the eye. As i pointed out, it's not " natural evolution " to replace on mass a whole load of Victorian housing and municipal buildings, its because of direct government policy. Many buildings have been lost and many still survive in different usage, but my comments on that issue were more pointed towards the buildings of the tram journey, ie London Road in particular.
The heavy industry has gone, along with the culture that went with it. I think that's what I miss the most. I remember going with my dad to work, an engineering firm, and eating lunch in a mess room, surrounded by cranes and other machines that now wouldn't look out of place in an industrial museum. Most of the pubs have gone, and all public services have been reduced to the level of budget businesses, relying on imported equipment and imported workers.
Instead of a heavy industry we have a consumer economy. Poundshops, factory shops, tinsel shopping centres and endless Costas. As if to compensate somehow, many cafés have tried to go upmarket in their cuisine. Fish & chips, pie and peas, sausage rolls, watery tea in polystyrene cups and toasted tea-cakes are no-longer acceptable. Most places now give their food fancy names and charge extortionate prices.
Wow! Superb, interesting to note that among the dozens of characters featured in this film I counted only 4 men who were NOT wearing a hat or cap.
Priceless. it's amazing how i could guess where we whereby the turns and old buildings. thank you so much for sharing. Loved it.
i cried
Wonderfully edited, notice the number of horse drawn vehicles I recognized my town though I left it 40 tears ago it is still home
Back when kids could roam the streets without a care in the world, can't do that anymore.
there has never been a time like that, on this planet since anyone can remember there has never been a time without psychopaths and sociopaths, they are written anout throughout our history..................there never has been any good old days just times of varied suffering......if you think otherwise you are just willfully deluding yourself and making yourself a pain in the arse towards others.
twisted1800 Back then you had Jack the Ripper who was killing all the prostitutes 10-year-old kids were forced into labor poor working conditions no vacations no sick pay no air conditioning, no unions and poor medical hospital ,not so great
twisted1800 you’re so right! back in the 50s I was about 12 years old in 1957 we were allowed to get on the bus and the train and go up to the Bronx to see the Yankees play none of my friends were older than 13 and we traveled to Yankee Stadium the polo grounds and Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, in this day and age that would never happen.
Dentistry.
I'll leave it at that.
A lot of them are with their parents, parents worried as much as they did now. As it was a youthful society, as most people died young, it was a society of volatility and violence, it was not some utopian state where children lived carefree lives, free from violence or abuse.
It's sobering to think that every single one of the hundreds of people in this footage are long gone.
When you think about it we're not here for all that long are we! We're just passing through and renting the place until the next generation have their turn.
yes it is a relieve to see a whole generation that has served their sentence and are now departed, saddly many souls in this film are no doubt reincarnated back on earth for another go at walking in their new flesh prisons come torture chambers..............i just hope that when i leave this life it will be permanent and i never need to come back here........something our priests never told us is that we ARE actually in hell here in this dimension
That’s correct we’re only here for a short while, some say were just passing through, I’m a few months away from 75 years old although I feel in good shape I know I’m close to my last rodeo
@@Bestroblozianxxx the most wonderful thing about my one and only trip out of my body was the elation of being in no pain and no gravity but still being there.......life is short but we are eternal........enjoy your journey to the other side and fear nothing.
A lot of them were gone within maybe ten years.
Red Squirrel Yes I know what you mean my grandma and Grandpa lived in that time, my dad was born in 1910 I was born in 1944 I’ll be 76 years old in four months if I can get another five years on earth i’d be happy. I look at it like this the day we were born we start dying as we live our life,so live it to the fullest eventually we all leave this earth.
Fascinating, this was really enjoyable. Many thanks for posting.
This was an absolutely magical film
Loved the end with the modern photos
Heartbreaking to watch. The city in which I grew up in the 1960's had it's beating heart torn out of it in the 1980's. The "transformation" and "modernisation" of the city has left it cold, functional, sterile and soulless; unfortunately one can say the same about most other British cities nowadays, identikit High Streets, all traditional shops closed down due to crippling commercial overtaxing leaving us with nothing but unhygienic food outlets and downbeat charity shops.
Pride in our cities, our country and our culture has been shamed out of us by those who claim to be "tolerant" yet are in fact anything but .
and the rest of the world catching up and being more efficient, it started in tne 50s, better motorcycles from japan, and later cars, the world moved on and we didnt, anyway fuck politics, lets enjoy this for what is!
TOTALY agree
@Hona Hona > Thankyou for your kind comments, gratefully received on this day when the MSM in the UK is attempting to shame us into the PC revisionism of our own Nation's history.
I totally agree with you, I live in Sheffield, its, gone down hill, it is heartbreaking
The Sheffield of the past certainly looks more inviting
Thank you for this, it's fantastic. I saw the original film last year and, although I live in Sheffield, couldn't work out the modern-day locations at all. A great bit of sleuthing on your part. Along with one of my favourite pieces of music. Again, thank you.
all the varied shops and people, compared to now .....very few people and very few shops to bring the people into the city.... really very sad how our politicians have screwed thing up
Ecommerce
So many people out and about. Busy and content for the most part. Part of an empire on which the sun never set! Britain was the powerhouse of the world.
That was amazing, thank you so much for sharing x
a brilliant clip ,, well done and thanks for sharing.
Just fantastic!
Great to see the old street scenes, thanks for making it its obvious you have passion for history
un beaux document sur le passé et le présent et douce musique
Merci
This video was fascinating. The footage of London Rd was truly amazing as I'm very familiar with that part of Sheffield. Captivating to watch. Thank you.
Blades1889 is the whole video in London Road?
Scott Nick: No.
Wonderful thanks for posting
The Music is so Wonderful I Love this Old Time 👌👍
Ask god help ur feelings and sense i just live in 8miths and when i saw this vedio i crying and cannot my eyes stop tear drop
I was struck by how the ladies appeared so elegantly dressed. Ditto for the men and children.
Such happy memories of getting off the bus (89??) from New Parson Cross to town in 1950's then getting a tram to Attercliffe to my Grandma Parker's. There is one of the trams from that era in Beamish Museum, Co Durham that I have travelled on. Great times!!
Fascinating and wonderful,i love sheffiield!
Brilliant video. Lovely music too. Thanks for sharing.
Really enjoyed that. Hope you have some more
Great piece of nostalgia and a gem of a film to record a brief moment in Sheffield's history. My Great Grandmother Fanny aged 42 years or my Great Uncle aged 9 years might have been in that film, as they lived close to the city centre. Who knows? It gives a bridge back into time to a world that was so different and yet those people still faced the same sort of life - bills, love, laughter, grief and arguments over football.....
Paul Marsden : The Blades are best. Sheffield Wednesday? Who are they?
Someone had the foresight to record this 119 years ago. And for all that time it's travelled through different media until here it sits on youtube. A haunting echo of steel city uk. What iron spines they all ha d. My cap is off to you Sirs and Madame of yesteryear.
Very interesting video. I love the "then & now" part.
I was born in Wincobank and as a kid used to knock about Attercliffe, Tinsley when all the 2nd hand shops were there selling 2nd air rifles and fishing tackle etc. I am now 56 and still live in Sheffield, I will die here but will never really leave just like to souls of the people in this film. god bless.
just thinkin, anyone of these people could be my family members
This is an absolutely fabulous film documentary. Totally unrecognisable to how it looks today, of course. Many thanks for uploading this. Does anyone know who filmed this?
Wonderful and fascinating. Thanks, says my mum.
Chanced upon this enchanting film. Many thanks
Great clip. At that time Sheffield was in the West Riding of Yorkshire.
Amazing to see all that fine hand made clothing people are wearing, people walking carefree infront and behind trams with no fear of an accident. It looks so slow and carefree when compared to today where vehicles and people are dashing everywhere. It was also great to see no mobile phones in people's hands with their heads looking down at them. I can only imagine these times as being more healthy and happier with more discipline and respect for each other. Even the buildings and trams stand out as being really well made and built to last as long as you want them to. I understand why older people say good old days. Great video thanks for sharing.
Wonderful!!! Thank you! 👄☺👍
Thanks for the time trip, really enjoyed.
This is great visual history. See how important horses were. I also love the music. Brilliant.
Very good... I've always lived in Sheffield and recognised all locations... enjoyed and thanks...... DJ.
aint it crazy to say this film made it through two world wars and kids you see in this video was probably on the front line in ww1
Nope
Was thinking something similar, very poignant.
Excellent video, thanks
Bloomin Brilliant, cheers for sharing it dude =)
The opening seconds are from turning right from London road Heeley into Queens Road, I am sure.
Superb -although I have never been to the city, it looks tremendous. Car free streets (although cars had been invented for 10+ years, just trams gliding amongst the pedestrians.
It is sobering to think that not a single person in this footage is alive today.
Red Squirrel That we know of. You know women don’t like to tell their age. A 140 woman might still be out there posing as a 35 year old.
@@mohammedkhan4990
Quite possibly, although it would probably take a fair bit of make-up to pull that off.
Lmbo!!...true I guess.
We had such fun back then.
I'm 126 next week and remember this as though it was yesterday. Our Gert would show you her knickers behind the old court house on Waingate. 😂
Fantastic footage...thanks for uploading
All four of my grandparents were very young in 1902.
So evocative.. wonderful
Excellent
THANK YOU FOR THIS.
How come I miss a time that wasn't even mine
I think the sense of the past being more appealing stems from the shops were open and the wares were also displayed out on the street. That's inviting to the shopper and us watching. It seems to me that the roads are now like pipes taking hermetically sealed pods from one place to another. There is no place to stop off and so not many people about doing stuff.
What a great old film of Sheffield in a bygone age,its hard to believe that eveyone on that film will no longer be with us.
I like the way people just hop on the tram while it is still moving.
great great video thank you for sharing
Fascinating to see and thank you.
Wow thanks for letting us see into the life's of people xx
It's hauntingly beautiful x
When our country was our country
Amen
Whose country is it now? Personally, I would rather be living now when we have healthcare, social provision, universal education, better housing, better environmental protection. Seems that whoever owns it, isn't doing too shabby a job :-)
There's always one idiot. We got rid of you lot in ww2.
Wow!....if only they New what was to come......amazing look back in time....
Lovely, a bit sad.
These "double decker-trams" fascinate me because such a tram have never been used here in Prague or Vienna. The capacity of the trams has always been increased that they been coupled with the trailers. Only the horse omnibuses had an upper, uncovered floor, but never electric trams. I have no idea what's the reason.
Sheffield at its best
My grandmother was born in Sheffield in 1904. She rode this trams
My grandmother was also born in Sheffield in 1885; She could have been in this film.
People seem well dressed in those days.
makes you wonder how important your life is .
I think I prefer Sheffield as it was! Recent times appear a mess!
Back then, no phones, no cars, no NHS, no central heating or TV - but I reckon they are still happier and more content than most people are today. Where did it all start going wrong?
chandler bing bong your pipe dreaming Mr. Life wasmiserable back then dirty water dirty air poor working conditions zero environmental protection no vacations no sick days no unions, and crime and corruption was Horrendous.Oh by the way no air-conditioning no decent highways no regular garbage collection. Truth of the matter in those days Life was a bitch
Amazing