Advanced Metamaterials
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 29 ก.ย. 2024
- A look at revolutionary new materials with seemingly impossible properties.
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Keith Blockus
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Mitch Armstrong
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Violets are red, and Roses are blue, when metamaterials alter their hue.
Chris Gaming cayuteee lmfao
Clever
xkcd reference?
yup
Genius
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Isaac would love to see you do an episode about undiscovered elements on the periodic table beyond the ones we already know of, that may have unusual and unknown properties in and of themselves, imagine metamaterials made from them. Right now newly discovered elements are radioactive with shorter and shorter half-lives, but it is believed after passing a certain atomic number there is an 'island of stability' (perhaps several of them) where these new elements would be stable and have very long half-lives. Imagine having entirely new ELEMENTS to work with that never existed before, and the compounds that might also be made with them.
Don't metamaterials completely remove the "no stealth in space" thing? If you can bend light around you and direct waste heat where you want it, you could potentially be very stealthy indeed (except when using engines I suppose)
Metamaterials could be used to build space elevators, megatelescopes, etc
Happy Arthurs Day!
I never considered the implications of metamaterials, thank you for widening my perspective on this technology (impact is especially felt thanks to the stealth ops scenario you came up with)! Also makes me wonder how metamaterials may affect other topics discussed on your channel, like how can they improve space travel and simulations and maybe even help construct the beloved megastructures...
I really enjoyed this video. I have a background in Electro-Optics and the Nano-revolution is remapping the environment for application from theory into practice. I only wish that I could live another 100yrs to watch it unfold, because science and knowledge is the only thing that can save us from the chaos we have spread in our ignorance. So thanks, I do so enjoy your videos. Makes me want to do a develop a subatomic lattice ray-trace index of refraction table for these materials to interact with various wavelengths. Or at least to explore what they are already developing. So, thanks for inspiring that little daydream as well. Glad I live in the U-District of UPENN. I will be off to Rittenhouse Labs soon.
Isaac, you know, you do a great job man but I gotta interject.
That's like the 5th "first rule of warfare" at least ;]
Are you sure? I'm positive we've only done one :)
haha I may be being sliiightly hyperbolic but I know for sure there are at least these two!
th-cam.com/video/O_XCB08OPw8/w-d-xo.html
2:00 *and* 7:30
though, tbh i'd love to see more first rules lol
Tanks make more noise than cars? Challenge accepted. Time to work on my car.
this video is officially approved by the Galactic Empire.
Hey Guys, someone knows the name of a story that Isaac's talked about a long time ago in one episode? It's was about a alien satellite (I think it was a AI? Don't remember) that appeared in Earth's orbit and started answering everyone's question, or something like that.
I think some priest "hacked" into it and sent some theological question, and the probe/machine answered that the question had a lot of errors, and it maybe had more, but the translation was kinda funky.
I'll be eternally grateful to anyone that answer that... I think I had already lost some good hours of sleep searching for that story, but finding nothing.
Anyway, thanks and happy Arthursday!
er... you sure that was me? I'm drawing a blank from the description. I've toyed with a similar notion when talking about AI but not in the context of a probe... unless I did and my memory sucks of course :)
Was it a super computer? I think it was asked about creating a faster than light travel and it shuts down for a million years. Maybe the episode on AI?
gabriel camargo - could have been "Rendezvous with Rama", as from Arthur C Clarke. alien rotating habitat visit, but empty.
Ah! This was the _Interstellar Highways_ ep.
th-cam.com/video/oDR4AHYRmlk/w-d-xo.html
13:24 in.
Sailor Barsoom YEAH! That's the one.
I thought it was a little bit different, but I was quite exhausted when i "remembered" that story, so i think I mixed up some stories.
Anyway, thank you sir!
good one
Thought this one wasn't quite as good as normal. Felt a bit handwavey, and the vertical mirror vs horizontal mirror example was unclear IMO.
I like how you are being conservative by only listing known metamaterials but imagine a material made forma particles that are not even part of The Standard Model.
Yeah I'd like to play around with Strange MAtter or other exotics some time but we don't know enough yet to say much, even about Strange Matter
Anyone know how many 1st rules of warfare there are?
The pichshift when explaining Doppler Effect was quite amusing hahahah
Thank you for this video as an engineer interested in getting a masters in Material Science this has been a huge motivation. Thank you Isaac Arthur, I have listened to your channel since I graduated college in 2016. Your videos are so educational and entertaining. You made this engineer very enthusiastic about further pursing an education.
I confess it was way above my previous concept on metamaterials. kind of hard to follow in the begining so I will watch acgain.
Now I look back and think how my idea of that was elementary.
Thanks Issac for elucidating me and making me a smarter person.
There was something complicated? For me all concepts were quite familiar, so I wonder what others think of them.
Not all are easy but simple finding is always around us like birth rate control
We all know the best material is LEGO
Or old Nokia phones
atm i seen a guy who actualy built a house from legos a real house he lived in isent that wild ? lol
Raymond J yeah I saw it in a record book
And the metamaterial for a LEGO is a LEGO made from LEGOs.
hahaha LEGOs i think Aliens gave them to us cause they are indestuctable lol
1/4M Subs, way to go Isaac. Very well investigate and presented, as always.
2/3M subs lets go!
70% of the way.
I found you last week. Went through one of the worst existential crises in my life because alcohol and personal stuff last weekend. I just want to say, thank you for being there while I locked myself in my room for three days straight.
I'm glad you got through and hope things smooth out for you with no aftershocks, never a pleasant experience.
Edvin hang in there buddy you can do it !! i have a bunch of good classic movies on my channel if you need something to watch. good luck !
Glad you like the channel as well, I personally find it to be very positive.
@DepressedDudes: Glad you like the channel as well, I personally find it to be very positive. Don't forget social contact though - I recommend visiting a public library or similar nerd magnet. Employees/Volunteers at libraries tend to have a few fun and talkative folks.
@Pessimists: Sure, our technological and social progress might seem slow from a HUMAN perspective, but from a geological perspective things are progressing astonishingly fast.
@Atheists: One must choose to believe one of two things: A) There is a God, and it is our goal to be like him by living good lives. This includes high tech solutions in order to help others and raise the standard of life. B) There is no God, so we need to live good lives in order to support a high-tech society will that help us become god-like through technology.
Great topic Isaac! I'm looking forward to humanity pushing the boundaries of materials science
Thanks Drew!
Isaac Arthur
In any sci fi games or such, I like this type of concept.
Advancement is moving so fast, it is hard to stay up to date on the bleeding edge. So much as been developed that is nowhere near the consumer market, so many of us know little about such. Therefore, things should get much more interesting very soon!
I love the "first rule of warfare" bits :)
I really enjoyed the Romulus/Remus bit! The founding of Rome would have been very different with metamaterials
not really either way rome would be founded
No doubt, but They would have had invisible buildings!
that would of been pretty awesome
Roman Concrete was the metamaterial of its' time.
jkm the technology was lost until the 18th century after the fall of the Roman Empire
Hi Isaac. Although you can make yourself invisible using metamaterials, there are several inaccuracies in your video. A metamaterial-based invisibility cloak works by smoothly varying the optical properties of a medium such that light bends around a hole in the centre of the object. As you rightly said, one must utilise negative values for the optical properties for this to work.
However, metamaterials will not work to mask a human from being picked up on an infrared camera. This isn't because metamaterials don't work on infrared wavelengths - it is actually easier to build an infrared wavelength invisibility cloak than for visible light. The problem is that humans (and other hot bodies) are visible in infrared for the light they emit through black body radiation, whereas they are visible in visible light for the light they scatter. If you place an emitter inside a metamaterial invisibility cloak, the light it emits will either leave the cloak (rendering it visible) or be absorbed by (rendering it warmer). Eventually the cloak will warm up to the point that it is the same temperature as the emitter, and will re-emit through blackbody radiation at the same wavelength. You would be no better off using metamaterials for this than wearing a thick coat!!
If this were not the case, you would have resolved the Dyson Dilemma! After surrounding a star with solar cells, surround it again with a layer of metamaterials and hide its black body radiation. But this will not work, for the reasons you point out in the Dyson Dilemma video.
Scott Lowe I think he said the metamaterial would work by redirecting the infrared in this case. I visualized a trail of hot footprints or something like that.
Scott Lowe My thoughts exactly.
*invisible clothes mm not sure if that would be a good idea*
Haven't you always wanted to go around naked while not feeling the pesky cold, wind, and rain?
The Exoplanets Channel it would make one hell of a party trick or college prank.
ROFL. I think there is a difference between invisible and transparent. An invisibility cloak can not be seen and anything inside it can’t be seen either because light is directed around the object. A transparent cloak is made of a material that light passes through easily, allowing you to see underneath it.
I got some. My underlings tell me they're exeedingly fashionable.
i can see this becoming a future fetish...
Isaac hey great video buddy . your doing a great job!!! keep up the great quality of videos !
Two weeks 'till O'Neill Cylinders. I have a feeling that I will be reminded of how cool it would be to live in a type 2 civilization in about...
Two weeks.
So many first rules of warfare. :)
The Very First rule of warfare is hurry up & wait.
If you screw the pooch on the first rule of warfare you don't make it to the second
That's why they're all first rules
Excellent as always.
I just wanted to say "Flawless as always" to him;). Hell, why not!
Excellentric
... very very interesting applications!. if you hide a swan with meta materials, would it be considered a black swan?
lol, I think it would technically be a 'dark' swan, which makes me want to coin that as a term for events that aren't so much unforeseeable though obvious in hindsight as intentionally obscured in advance.
I thought it would adopt the colors that are behind it. Light blue when flying. Greens and browns when swimming in urban filth.
I wonder if "dark matter" is actually our missing aliens (Fermi), using meta materials to cloak their fleets ;-)
Robert Lockard, People are looking for gravitational lensing events. Meta material might show up.
Dark Swan should be something that is influencing events but cannot be "seen". Like the deep state, Soros, or Facebook. Somewhat poor examples, as they can be seen, but just used them to help convey the concept.
This subject was part of my Master's thesis proposal from a while back. It's cool to see this presented in this awesome channel!
Neat! Well hopefully we did it justice. Tricky topic to cover, I think we added and removed various discussions of permitivity and permeability half a dozen times before opting to give up in favor very short and simple.
Isaac Arthur Sounds pretty much like the first days of my thesis review, lol! It was excellently done, though, as always. I also agree it was pretty tricky to come up with an operational definition for metamaterials, as it was essential for my thesis proposal.
22:10 - Love the daredevil reference! lol
I absolutely lost it when I heard that part. I think it's the first time I've ever had to pause one of his videos because I couldn't stop laughing.
Damnit Issac, I stop getting sponsors from services I already have! An interesting episode, especially since I took a break from radio theory homework to listen to.
lol, well it's a good sign if much of the audience already uses it, means it is a good pick for the audience, I always feel that suitability needs to be as important as quality on these. I'm allegedly ultra-picky about sponsors, which I suppose must be true since this is only the third I've accepted out of 100 or so offers.
Shooting from the hip a little here, but have you ever considered doing something with Level1techs? It seems to me that yourself and Wendel have quite an in depth knowledge of computing from different angles, contemporary and theoretical. I don't think I'd be alone in being curious as to how a collaberation would go on the near future of computing.
Isaac I love your videos, I hope I could make a small suggestion? Perhaps a little less compression on your vocal. There are no real dynamics in here. We're losing too much Isaac ;)
Yes I was about stay 'really, more?' as I throttled back on it a bit recently, but I think that predated this episode's recording, we're already done with all of April's narrations. I can't hear it myself very well but I think I was using a lot hoping to deal with my habit of trailing off at the end of sentence, but I think I mostly stopped doing that so the heavy compression is probably overkill. Sadly I don't really have the ear for it so I mostly guess from comments.
So, what you're trying to say, is that you already thought of this and did it because you're a futurist. :D I should have known!
Hey if it helps any, you could take a visual approach. The waveform displays in your audio/video editor can give some hints, and allow you to generate a rough idea of how it should look, based on your other recordings.
As an example is this image from wikipedia showing the visuals of three different levels of compression: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudness_war#/media/File:Michael_Jackson-Black_or_White_Loudness.png
Hope this helps. I'm going to get a snack and watch the video again, I really enjoyed this episode!
Hey I just found your channel and I love it. But I have one question, have you done a video on different ways to store information in alien lifeforms? It doesn't need to be chemical, but is more likely. Could magnetic ordering or crystalline light scattering forms take the job of dna in other organisms? Photon scattering as a storage mechanism?
Even if the life is synthetic only, I believe with exotic materials these could be made.
Also if computer intelligence, AI, after it's original creators died, wanted to make new life forms, would it be feasible to hybridize the machine intellect into the newly created organics to create a hive mind?
So, how exactly would the metamaterial "invisibility cloak" work? Is it basically covering yourself in a sheet of metamaterials that bends visible light around you? I haven't looked into it, but it sounds like that would be pretty imprecise and/or require careful design to work right; otherwise, you'd look like a mess of colors and shapes from behind you instead of looking like whatever was behind you. Am I missing something?
(And I assume "inaudibility cloaks" would be similar?)
It's bending around you basically, though in the material. Going to be rather tricky to perfect but a superior option to something like a cantablack suit with tiny cameras and LEDs on it, for instance.
i hear that by default it would have the side effect of being unable to see anything from the inside, so that's some engineering challenge
7lllll you’d probably leave little holes for your eyes or cameras, though that does mean there would be a small part of you that could be seen.
7ill This makes sense, since the light wont hit your eyeball.
Even an imperfect cloak would be very useful. I imagine you would look something like a shimmer over hot ground. By the standards of camoflouge, this is incredible.
modernist Nietzche quote and the topic is Metamaterials
Architect approves
METAmaterials, son!
Have you ever done anything on energy weapons using lasers, plasma, etc. instead of traditional projectiles? I'd be interested in seeing that.
epsilon8998 I think Space Warfare episode has what you're looking for.
It had some interesting tidbits but it didn't go into the subject as much as I was hoping. I was particularly interested in how they could be used for handheld weapons, probably to replace traditional projectile weapons with infantry, and if they could possibly be used as an effective, non-lethal form of weaponry.
epsilon8998 Then I'm pretty sure he doesn't have it. At least yet.
Who on earth has an LED computer monitor though?
My phone screen is OLED, but all my monitors are still liquid crystal based, at best using LED as the backlight.
0dWHOHWb0 RIGHT
stop commenting before you have watched the whole thing.
lol, I'm actually glad for those, it confirms there's no anomalies going on with the video, like the time way back where I forgot to save after switching to 'public' from unlisted and only noticed because I hadn't gotten any notification of messages in the first 10 minutes. Chatting with the early-comers also gives me something to do in that first half-hour or so when I'm anxiously worry if something went wrong with the video.
Would colourful bird feathers count? Some of these aren't pigmented , their structure gives them colour instead
I've never metamaterial I didn't like.
Ever wonder what comes after building a material atom by atom? Build a material quark by quark... Designed nuclei would have cool properties I bet!
people would just make gold and get rich, buy all they want before the gold market collapse
I love you so much.
Notification squad reporting in, sir!
Also, happy Arthursday everyone. :)
Lazarus Long
You wouldn't be abusing time travel for notifications, would you Mr Long?
Lazarous hey you forgot to notify me man hahaha
Hi Isaac i really like what you are doing and I would be happy to help in it. Lets face it you dont have a lot of animations/videos, around 2-3 per topic and you are using them again and again. So i am a amateur 3D animator/artist and i would be happy to help you with some animations, "simulations", videos.
if light bends around you, wouldnt that make you blind?
oh man being able to dampen sound like that could help with getting rocket launches closer to cities
Oh! And maybe boomless supersonic airplanes?
This is the episode I've been looking forward to the most. Material science is my favorite.
6:03 *"(Forebears)"...", but they would not have any idea about how to miniaturize these to the level required or be able to do it fast enough to create the impression of a moving picture."*
Who here knows *""how""* to to do this? Lol... I can copy and paste code for a flashy LED! That count? I might even be able to "miniaturize" it from a 5mm to a 3mm....but I imagine most of us, including myself are clueless about ""how"" to make an OLED display. Heck I can't even program one yet... stupid complicated FPGA nonsense ;)
-Jake
There are also many medical and trans human applications when we talk about meta-materials. Even the simple lens spoken of here would profoundly change how we are able to use our most basic sense, that of sight. Imagine having your own eyes lenses replaced with multi-lens meta-material lenses. You would effectively have controllable telephoto eyes with nearly zero aberrations. It could also effectively redirect harmful UV and infrared wavelengths of light out of the eye so sun damage doesn't occur.
Glad you started advertising.
I have one simple request. If you’re going to advertise something out of your own mouth, I hope you personally believe what you are saying. Never ever sell out. Your credibility is everything in your line of work and you will stop being my man crush.
:) We're picky, this is sponsor #3 out of roughly 100 offers. I picked my old VPN because they were touted as the best at the time and they're quite good, my condition here was that I had to be convinced Nord was at least as good or better, they succeeded rather handily.
Virgin Conventional Materials Romulus vs Chad Metamaterials Remus
What an awesome topic. Thank you for being so awesome!! Happy Arthursday!!
I love the mix of education and possible applications that you put in to this video. It really makes it interesting.
This video title sounds like an Alpha Centauri technology. Just waiting for Nwabudike Morgan to narrate...
In terms of the bending light and radiation. Couldn't you detect those people in known environments, by in a sense scanning the area and looking for return signals that are just a bit longer than normal. For example i'm shooting a laser range finder at a wall, i know it's say 300 inches away. Then an invisible person moves infront of me, i can't see them because light in bending around them. But since the light is bending around them, it's taking slightly longer to make the trip. Thus my laser range finder isn't detecting 300 inches anymore instead it just went up to 303 inches. Telling me something is there, even though i can't see it.
Watching this while playing Aurora 4X, which is very fitting, as in that universe, "trans-newtonian" materials have been discovered, and one of them is even called "neutronium".
How the hell would invisible soldiers fight eachother
My uneducated guess is that they would walk up to targets position as best they can and then return fire goes at them if they reveal themselves with guns if they didn't just plant a bomb
I am interested in how this assumption is wrong
7:58 "transistors in modern processors are about 14 nanometers across."
That is incorrect. Those transistors are made with a 14nm process technology. Pretty sure that means the smallest details they can make are in that neighbourhood or that's the highest resolution they can work with. A full transistor is a few times larger than that. A transistor made with a 14nm process has a fin pitch of 42nm, at least in intel's case. And overall it's even wider than that. Cheers!
Very well detailed explanations , yet simple technical language ! I will use this for R&D. Keep on going . . .
@16:53 - So wait...infrared waves can be deflected? What does this say about Dyson swarms that do not want to be detected by their IR waste heat?
I really enjoyed this one. Great video Isaac!
Advanced matamaterials are the future but luckily some advanced metayoutubers are already here :) Great episode. Question - would that mean that such metamaterials could also solve the problem of the crew section shielding against cosmic radiation during some longer manned space voyages? As I understand, currently such shielding is a big issue because of the thickness and weight of the materials needed.
The future will not be recognizable by those alive today. Some of The changes cannot be even imagined.
i would love to see you as co-writer in some sci fi tv series. normaly sci-fi is... well too much fiction, your visions could make good world whit intrestin aspects
I might acutally be wiling to do that if it was offered, though more as sounding board for real writers, I do that with the Hades9 game and enjoy the team approach quite a lot, however I am not good at writing people at all, so I'd have to be working with folks who are.
Absolutely love this mans mind.
If only more people on this planet used this kind of analogy for the continued existence of our "DNA" ,we could continue into the future.
MATERIAL SCIENCE, MY FAVORITE!!!!
Great job on this video Issac. Waiting for the jobs of the future video now!
11 minutes.... 23 comments...
16:47 , Isaac and his 20 different #1 rules of warfare....
Could you use meta materials with transcranial direct current/magnetic stimulation?
do you think we could direct heat away from entire planets with metamaterials?
These materials are so advanced and so meta they break the 5th wall...dimensionally speaking of course lol
Now why didn't I think to make some meta jokes?
Self respect.
I think this video was a bit disappointing compared to most of your other videos. I know you said you didn't want to get too much into the physics of metamaterials, but I feel like the discussion you're having in this video necessitates explanations. A lot of your points seemed to be "improved communications, because metamaterials", "solid state directional transmitters/receivers, because metamaterials". I know that you don't mean to handwave, but with how little technical explanation you went into, a lot of it came off as hand waving.
Sadly that part is quite true, we tried repeatedly to get in more sections of electromagnetics or the chemistry involved but each attempt left a rather awful overly-technical mess. I hold very strongly to the notion that if you can't explain something simply, it tends to mean you don't understand it well enough yourself, generally speaking, I'm not sure if that was true hear or this is just one of those topics that's an exception, but we couldn't find a nice middle that added more than we did without adding too much technical detail. About all I can say is we did try, but when we decided it wasn't working after many versions, we decided to cut it out.
"I hold very strongly to the notion that if you can't explain something simply, it tends to mean you don't understand it well enough yourself"
To be fair, I don't think there's a single person on the planet who understands metamaterials all that well just yet. Perhaps it might be worth it in the future to make a few videos detailing specific types of metamaterials? Of course, this isn't really a physics channel. Just a thought.
I suppose we're more physics than any other science, I tend to stick my field, but I'd be hesitant to do another episode on this topic unless it was heavily requested, and probably specifically with a 'please add more discussion of the science' aspect.
I wish you would do one of speculative fiction, ,like what metamaterials would be "necessary" or would launch us into a type two civilization. To me, this is what appeals to me about your channel, and the type of science fiction I prefer, that is to slowly connect "fantasy" to reality thru science. It is very magical to go from seeing some fantastical concept that you think of as merely an amazing set piece in a story, slowly evolve to become considered realistic and even probable.
Personally, i was fascinate with the concept that a single advancement in material science could conceivable launch us into a type two civilization. Consider if we invented a material that allowed us to tether a satellite from surface, and create a space elevator. or created a material that was able to draw %80 of the energy from sunlight, that whole game of "What one paradigm shift would disrupt and fundamentally change our civilization". great fun.
Issac, your quality has been so consistent , over the last 12 months or so. Well done i appreciate your efforts.
I identify as a metamaterial.
hi metamaterial how are you?? hahaha
All your light just bended at me, you look so shinny from here +o+
erik2000 conservative? In the Netherlands? How?
Jk, im a conservative as well, i just like making fun of some liberals.
erik2000 good on you for thinking for yourself. My mother and sister are huge liberals, but my dad was a conservative before he left, so I guess thats why Ive always leaned to the right.
You puny metamaterial.
I am hydro-exo-xam-zil-hesheit-homo-hetero-zoolifius-tetralingus-battle heli metameterial
2:49 the subtitles went a little wrong here with permittivity and permeability.
Metamaterials are fascinating. And is a bit of a disservice to research in to Metamaterials when people just view it as a way to make invisibility cloaks. So many interesting ways we could use this. And many, like Arthur pointed out, will have direct impact on our daily lives. Much more so then any invisibility cloaks would have. ;)
this is too powerful for us right now. physicist speaking here
I remember back at school when i was studying about metals that good conductors were bad isolators and vice versa, its amazing how science is discovering new things. We are lucky to live in a
time like this...
You're my psychological hero. I listen to you all day 5 days a week aty sheet metal fabrication shop in Indianapolis. Can we please get another couple episodes on "technological singularities"
And maybe another on metallic hydrogen to inspire people to aid research at home and speed through a breakthrough in that arena.
I have NordVPN on right now :D They're number 1 for security purposes. The more you look into them, the better they get, especially with their no log policy and base outside the US and allies. A must have for privacy.
On the other end the earliest meta-materials are likely cordage and textiles. Right up there with fire in what it allowed humanity to do. Making string and ropes doesn't seem that obvious, until you consider how it was used before nails, nuts, and bolts were invented. (Stuff was tied or lashed together before other means of fastening became possible.) Thus things like greatly improved shelter building and nicely fit clothing were possible. And you could make the bow-drills which made fire starting a whole lot easier, which in turn leads to ceramics and then metals. And on and on to what we have now.
wanted to get nordvpn last year already, so I couldn't resist getting it now cheaper and helping one of the best youtubers out at the same time.
Looove the opening line. Iv been using NordVPN for a few years now. Very happy with it, would reccomend :)
The problem with materials with properties or combinations of properties which have never been observed is that the lack of observation suggests that there is some aspect of the underlying mathematics which renders it impossible. In the case of a negative refractive index, as a consequence of the way refractive index is defined, a beam of light after entering a material with such an index would have to have a negative speed. What does "negative speed" even mean?
Martin Gradwell
While calculating refractive index the the velocity of light is considered and not speed. A negative velocity simply means that the light travels in the opposite direction.
And as for materials with properties never before observed in nature: antimatter's property that enables it to annihilate when in contact with normal matter wasn't observed before either, but that didn't mean it was mathematically or physically impossible.
Martin Gradwell
We already have some meta materials with negative refractive index in the microwave spectrum. Also, velocity is a vector, negative velocity does not mean negative speed, it means opposite direction.
OK, so refractive index is speed of light in a vacuum divided by phase velocity in a medium, and it's a dimensionless number. How do you divide a speed by a velocity and end up with a dimensionless number? I think that phase velocity is only so-called because it can somehow be negative, so it does have a direction on the number line but it doesn't have a direction in three-dimensional space. But in that case what does "negative phase velocity" actually mean? It seems to mean that a wavefront can move in one direction while the wave peaks and troughs move in the opposite direction. A bit like a standard screw being driven into a board while being turned ANTI-clockwise. Can it actually happen? I suppose if it has actually been observed in microwaves then it must be possible, but there do seem to be a lot of caveats in the description of the 2014 experiment in Nature www.nature.com/articles/ncomms6841
Martin Gradwell
What I know as the definition of refractive index of a medium wrt vacuum is this:
Ratio of the sine of the angle of incident light with the normal to the surface with the sine of the angle of the refracted light with the normal to the surface.
Angle can be negative. Therefore sine of said angle can be negative as well.
backspace 0: The definition I got was from Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index
Your definition is a consequence of Snell's law and of the fact that the refractive index of a vacuum is 1.
5:05 "Let us use your LED computer monitor"
Sorry Isaac, I'm still an LCD pleb.
lol, I almost used LCD instead, but I didn't want to veer into liquid crystals in an episode already discussing one weird type of materials and I'm a Kent State alum, so it's very easy to meander off onto liquid crystals.
My preferred definition of a metamaterial is a composite substance and structure, such that its chemical properties are insufficient to define it. Examples of metamaterials under this definition: carbon nano-tubes, aluminium airframing honeycomb, styrofoam, chicken wire, steel wool. I do not seek to define it as not being created within nature, because humans are part of nature. Everything created by us is naturally-occurring, by the strictest possible definition. Instead, I would define it as obtaining structural properties from an outside source, not only from itself. In this way, quartz crystal is not a metamaterial, as it arranges itself into its normal crystalline structure of its own accord. Carbon honeycomb nano-sheets will form entirely by the carbon's own forces, but it will not form nanotubes without outside help. Styrofoam is extremely easy to make with polystyrene and basically any inert gas; however if it weren't for that inert gas additive, it would not have a foam structure. Bronze and other alloys are not metamaterials by this definition as you can melt them down and re-form them, maintaining their previous properties. Wood is a metamaterial under this definition, but lignin and cellulose are not, however many of the lignin and cellulose structures found within wood are.
That example story of Romulus and Remus and seeing the dramatic effect such technology could have in warfare. :O
You continue to sort of ruin military sci-fi for me. But thankfully such metamaterials could help explain handwaved stealth technology I have seen.
A fantastic video as always. I loved it.
If I may, Mr Arthur. You make a good counterpoint yourself to your claims there is no stealth in space. I've been wondering this issue for a long while and have discussed it with fellow physicists - metamaterials hold a good potential for enabling hiding something in space IMHO.
Of course using chemical or fusion engines is something you hardly could disguise, but the infrared signature from movement through the interstellar medium or heat produced aboard may be well mitigated by directing it and shining it away from the enemy.
Would you not agree?
I've never even heard of this stuff before.
this is my favorite subject : )
but then again everything you talk about is my favorite subject
Sorry only expensive OLED displays work this way. Most people have a fluorescent bulb or white LED to illuminate the back side of a thin film transistor with a color mask in red green and Blue to filter out unwanted light.
MR. MCGUIRE: I want to say one word to you. Just one word.
BENJAMIN: Yes, sir.
MR. MCGUIRE: Are you listening?
BENJAMIN: Yes, I am.
MR. MCGUIRE: Metamaterials.
You ROCK!!! I can't stop learning because of YOU!!!! AGGGHHHH!!! LOL Using "DareDevil" as an example just put you OVER THE TOP!!! I LOVE IT!
But Romulus' equipment is far cheaper, so his country can afford to pay for more combatants than Remus' country. Romulus' squad should win by sheer numbers.