Here's something to ponder. Experiments have shown that a small amount of mass is "lost" when a person dies. Let's call this mass the soul. Then take a less hubristic idea of the soul to assume that ALL physical constructs are the embodiment of a soul experiencing a different sort of consciousness. Thought it might be difficult to calculate the total mass of all souls, it is certainly plausible that it could account for dark matter, and certainly as valid a conjecture as positing some new "god" particle. Prove my theory wrong, I dare you.
Dark matter particles consist of 90-95% of all particles who've lost their quantum pair when crossing an event horizon. Hawking radiation is nonsense. Prove me wrong...
you have been interviewing some top scientists lately!! amazing growth...I follow your channel John Michael Godier!! amazing!!! Love Frank Wilczek's knowledge!! cheers mate!!
I'm honestly surprised that you haven't had a Nobel Laureate on yet, never mind a prize winner. The quality on this channel is so consistently amazing. Onwards and upwards, John. Onwards and upwards.
Your videos help to shed off the mental noise of a chaotic workday and find that humble silence where you remember grand scopes and big pictures of this reality. Then appreciate it with a big breath of fresh air. The editorial choice of music always goes great towards this as well.
I was inspired early in life by reading "Longing for the Harmonies" about Frank's Nobel prize and his general views of physics at the time. If anyone can describe complex physical ideas in a way that I can understand, it's Frank! Great interview!
I’m so amazed that you got Frank Wilczek on! I look forward to seeing what will develop from his research in the following years (and Event Horizon with John Michael Godier, of course!)
Particle physics mystified me, and is the reason I was determined to use my physics background to work in engineerting. And now, years later, the field appears to be even more mystifying to me.
Fantastic interview, John! Thanks! 😃 About quantum gravity... I've got the feeling that when someone cracks up the problem other physics are to look it and say... "Hum... Why didn't I think of this before?" 😬 Anyway, stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
Excellent interview. It’s always great listening to Frank Wilczek. (I prefer to view crystal nucleation and formation as a “transient process” rather than a spontaneous one. In fact crystal growth is a slow process in comparison to many other chemical processes. If you look at entropy changes in crystal growth it appears to violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics but it doesnt. When a liquid crystallizes into a solid, it gives off heat to its surroundings ie the latent heat of fusion. This heat causes an increase in disorder in the surroundings. So even though the crystal has low entropy, its formation increases the entropy of the surroundings enough so that the process has a net positive entropy change for the universe, Total entropy S = S [system] + S [surrounding] , goes up. I really can’t think of anything in nature that is truly a spontaneous process, there is always something going on in the background, sometimes it’s known and sometimes it’s unknown)
SO excited to listen to this John. Seriously, your content across both channels is such a blessing. I feel like I'm listening to a good friend explaining their thoughts to me - partly because you're so friendly and intriguing, but also because your approach and openness match my sensibilities. I think it's the right approach, but I'm a little biased. ;)
After listening to hundreds of your shows-and I love them- I just have to say your closing music is absolutely beautiful and gels perfectly with the vibe of your channel. I love it, had to say :--)
Dark Matter and Dark Energy have been 2 of my favorite subjects for a while, I am not sure why but I guess it just intrigues me that there is something so mysterious in the Universe that our best minds and years of knowledge accumulated by building on the science before us still has these mysteries that remain. Entanglement is another topic I love. The beginning of this show reminds me of another show I just watched where they were explaining that physics does not explain how the universe works, physics explains how we perceive the universe works or something along those lines.
Funny thing is, maybe even after finding out what dark energy and dark matter is we will against unveil some strange mystery and cycle of deciphering (understanding) it will start again! I believe universe will never stop giving us goosebumps and total surprise face
Einstein was functionally an atheist - but also smart enough to not say so outright. I like Prof. Wilczek's idea (from The Beautiful Question) of looking for new scientific discoveries by finding 'missing pieces' in natural patterns and symmetries! I think that's probably the kind of out of box thinking that sets apart the few brilliant scientists from the mass of really good scientists … Re. time crystals: When I heard 'naturally occuring clocks', my first thought was pulsars.
This was an interesting interview. The attempts during the interview to divert the discussion onto sidetracks were handled well, and were equally illustrative.
I love the story of the name Axion. It reminds me of the story of how the band Incubus picked their name. Just rummaging through a dictionary for a cool name, because they were about to be announced and didn't have one.
Thanks for bringing us quality content again. It is good to have a channel like this that shows how we as a species can try to solve complex problems and learn about our incredible universe, in a time dominated by darker news of war and economic downturn. The recent video about UAPs made me think again about that phenomena - I am sceptical about aliens visiting the earth on a routine basis - but I have always been aware that I could be wrong about that. I have seen several UAP myself - and always tried to categorise what they were. Most were obviously satellites doing things like tumbling or "flaring" as light caught them a certain way. One was a silent red orb - I had never heard of a chinese lantern before my sighting! I once saw a small flame falling in the distance. That turned out to be a drop tank jettisoned by a USAF F111 on a training mission. The drop tank had caught on fire mid flight. You don't see things like very often in the midlands over here in the UK. Another example was a red and purple pair of dancing lights seen at night. A few nights later I drove past a pair of kites being flown that had LEDs on them - one had Red LEDs, the other purple. I think that the people flying them were possibly trying to provoke "alien" sightings as a laugh. However, I think that UAP should be intensively studied - at the very least we will be learning a lot about how our planet works if it is a natural phenomena. It they are artificial - we need to find out who makes them. We will probably then know the answer to the fermi paradox.......
And to think that people who are exorbitantly paid to decide the colour of the latest box of Biff, Zip or Blam had unknowingly set in motion a pathway to the name that may define Dark Matter for eons to come.
Regarding the "esthetic universe": By searching for answers in "beauty", "elegance", "esthetics" etc, I find it more likely that humans have aquired such tastes from the laws of the universe, rather than vice versa.
as fascinating as the concept is ngl i'm a little disappointed they wasted the name "time crystal" on something where when you touch it it doesn't show you how you're going to die
If Gravity is a question of geometry (A.E) Then the best analogy for me to describe a situation where something in nature can describe the dark matter phenomena is when a carbon atom (Allotropical modification) can be graphite, soot, diamond, .. In a similar way space time describes this reality, In all this The most important thing is that such an approach gives answers Why is all (fractally finite (determined)) spiral and rotates in a circle. These are all geometry values that allow division with zero because, after all, everything is a point.
@@vallisdaemonumofficial Well I certainly hope you don't accept it as fact. A fact is merely an observation, a data point. Facts aren't proven, either, as a fact is by definition something that every concerned party has agreed holds a certain value, more or less. Laws are repeatedly observed facts, on the other hand hypothesis can graduate to theories. That said, string theory is nothing but bogus dogma. I'm sure mathematicians can find mathematically beautiful ways to model just about anything. None of these models are useful and only bog us down if they can't be tested and eventually make predictions.
@@phxcppdvlazi I like your take on facts! Very interesting. On string theory, wasn't it used to correctly predict the properties of the quark gluon plasma at LHC? That does not prove strings are real... but the theory could be useful math at least...
I think axions are a brilliant candidate for dark matter. As a thought experiment from a lay person a streached spring comes back to it's old position when released.The release would be the axion running back in time for a brief period although entropy will always increase in time on our clocks.
Oh damn, strapping in for this one! Thank you so much for not doing another episode on alien life or UAPs! IMO stuff like this is what we are going to figure out long before alien life.
UAPs are just a large grouping of enexplained phenomenon, interesting for sure, but usually blown way out of proportion. I can only look at what are most likely software bugs or strange reflections so many times before shrugging.
@@robstewart1703 with any particular part? My assertion that they're likely to be software errors or reflections is based on their behavior on footage, and is far from settled, it's merely my best guess.
I must compliment you for holding some form of restraint with your title of this clip. Click bait titles these days are extremely tiresome and I have come to the point where I will not click on anything that makes any sort of claim simply because the individual creating such video does not deserve my click.
As one approaches the speed of light there's time dilation, size shrink and mass increase. But, velocity is relative. Has anyone bothered to calculate gravity based on the mass at that speed? Galaxies are heavy and everything is moving really fast relative to each other.
Momentum is related to the movement, that is why the momentum of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency and inversely proportional to its wavelength. If the wavelength of a photon is known, its momentum can be calculated using the formula 𝑝 = ℎ 𝜆 . If the frequency of a photon is known, its momentum can be calculated using the formula 𝑝 = ℎ 𝑓 𝑐 . This implies momentum is not the cause of dark matter. If it was dependent only on velocity of mass, the photon would have 0 momentum.
To put it in simpler terms, While mass is the measure of inertia, it is dependent on the motion, this is why no matter how light you are at rest, when traveling near the speed of light you're also near infinite mass. The closer you get to light speed the more moment affects.
@@rexmann1984 The fundamentals underlay what make the rules, if you can find an exception to a fundamental it is no longer considered a fundamental, if you can falsify inertia/momentum affecting photons please do.
@@brianstevens3858 That sounds like exactly what I was originally saying... I'm not sure where we disagree. I think dark matter is actually the relationship of velocity between the galaxies making up for the mass needed for what we see.
Hey. Tell Wilczek I figured it out. 1.The fundamental forces are probably unified at the center of a black hole. 2. You should treat the singularity as a single quantum particle residing within it's own gravitational potential well. This particular would be subject to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and therefore behave like a probability cloud and cause gravitational effects out to the edge of the galaxy providing the extra gravitational force instead of a dark energy particle. That's probably nonsense. Just a brainstorm. -Daemeon, M.S. Physics
Possibly. Why would the effect only be prevalent far from the SMBH and not close to it? What about the other effects dark matter has, besides rotation curves?
I read about the phase memory of electrons about 35 years ago in New Scientist, there's also the possibility that space-time itself has memory, the work of Bevan L. Reid & William Tiller for instance
Alternative Explanation of Dark Matter and Dark Energy - Newly proposed model of Universe can explain both of Dark Matter and Dark Energy The problem of modern physics is they're trying to explain everything with particle physics and the physics is being cornered more and more to the dead end. To escape the dead end, they invent or design another imaginary particle in vain instead of trying to revise their way to approach to the problem. I agree to that idea that the interaction between mass and space must be explained with quantum mechanics. But that doesn't mean gravity is the QM phenomena. That's because gravity is not a force. Gravity is just a joint effect of the expansion of the Universe and the curvature of spacetime. Details are given below. Einstein’s theory of General Relativity states that spacetime is curved by the presence of mass. This curvature influences the motion other objects with mass and gives rise to gravitation. Thus, gravity is a result of geometric features in spacetime. However, we also observe gravitational effects - curvature of spacetime - in areas without any detectable mass. This has given rise to the concept of dark matter, which is matter that does not interact in any detectable way with normal matter, except through gravity. So, there is some large quantity of dark matter scattered throughout the universe, which curves spacetime and causes gravitational effects just like normal matter, but we cannot see or detect it with any known method. An alternative theory to the identity of dark matter is proposed - it is not matter at all, but rather an intrinsic curvature of spacetime. In other words, spacetime is not naturally flat. Even in the absence of matter, we observe some inherent curvature of spacetime. So, the question is now - why is spacetime naturally curved? Why is it not flat in the absence of mass? The universe is 4-dimensional, with 3 spatial dimensions and one dimension in time. Rather than consider time as a linear dimension, we can consider it as a radial one. Therefore, rather than describing the universe with a Cartesian coordinate system, we describe it with a 4-dimensional spherical coordinate system - 3 angular coordinates, φ1, φ2, φ3, and one radial coordinate in time, t. We live on the 3-dimensional surface of a 4-dimensional bubble which is expanding radially in time. Thus, the Big Bang represents t=0, the beginning of time. The crucial point is that the expansion of the universe is not homogeneous in all directions. The expansion rate at one point on the bubble’s surface may differ slightly from another point near it. The universe is only roughly spherical in 4 dimensions, the same way that the Earth is only roughly spherical in 3 dimensions. The same way we observe local mountains and valleys on the surface of Earth, we observe local “mountains” and “valleys” on the surface of the universe bubble. The inhomogeneity of the expansion of the universe has given rise to natural curvature of spacetime. This natural curvature causes the phenomenon of “dark matter”. “Valleys” in spacetime pull matter in, similarly to the warping of spacetime of massive objects. So “dark matter” is really “valleys” in spacetime that are expanding slower than the regions surrounding it. These valleys tend to pull matter in and create planets, stars, and galaxies - regions of space with higher-than-average densities of mass. Conversely, “mountains” in spacetime will repel matter away, an “anti-gravitational” effect, which gives rise to cosmic voids in space where we observe no matter. Each point on the surface of the universe bubble traces out a time arrow in 4-dimensional space, perpendicular to the surface. These time arrows are not parallel to each other since the universe is not flat. This causes points to have nonzero relative velocity away from each other. It is generally accepted that the universe is expanding faster than observable energy can explain, and this is expansion is believe to be still accelerating. The “missing” energy required to explain these observations has given rise to the theory of dark energy. The time dilation caused by non-parallel time arrows can be proposed as an explanation for dark energy. Alternatively, dark energy is real energy coming from potential energy gradients caused by non-parallel time arrows. As a sanity check, we can calculate the expansion rate of the universe based on the universe bubble model. Since the radius of the universe bubble is expanding at the speed of light in the time direction, it increases at 1 light second per second. Therefore, the “circumference” of the 3-dimensional surface increases by 2π light seconds per second, or about 1.88*10^6 km/s. This expansion is distributed equally across the 3-dimensional surface, so the actual observed expansion rate is proportional to the distance from the observer. At present, the age of the universe is estimated to be 13.8 billion years, so the radius of the universe bubble is 13.8 billion light years, or about 4233 megaparsecs (3.26 million light years to 1 Mpc). Thus, we can calculate the expansion rate of the universe, per megaparsec from the observer, as: Expansion rate = ((d(circumference))/dt)/radiusofuniverse=(1.88*〖10〗^6 km⁄s)/(2π*4233Mpc)=(1.88*〖10〗^6 km⁄s)/26598Mpc=70.82(km⁄s)/Mpc The popularly accepted empirical expansion rate is 73.5 + 2.5 km/s/Mpc, so our calculated value is close. There may be some additional source of expansion (or observed red shift) to make up for the discrepancy. For example, if two adjacent points have some gravitational gradient due to non-parallel time arrows, then light passing through these points will be red-shifted. - Cited from www.academia.edu/82481487/Title_Alternative_Explanation_of_Dark_Matter_and_Dark_Energy
Would orbits be a time crystal? IT seems like they'd meet the criteria: an orderly arrangement in time with periodicity, and they form spontaneously. Actually, wouldn't most kinds of angular motion fit?
I can’t understand how an undiscovered particle can be dark matter. Isn’t there supposed to be twice as much dark matter as regular matter? Regular matter is made of particles in very high concentrations. Enough to form stars and planets and gas clouds etc… So how can there be so many of these undiscovered particles, to amount to enough matter… that would be more then what we can see? I hope someone understands what I’m asking here. I mean… if there were that many axions or other particles… how could they ever amount to more matter than all our known elements in the universe??? Where are they hiding? Empty space? Where’s all the mass coming from?
Perhaps the axion is just the dark matter equivalent of our hydrogen? Just the lightest particle on a whole periodic table of dark matter particles. -assuming I understood your question properly-
My noob answer: Isn't that the big question all scientist are asking? Secondly, as far as I understood, it's the effect of dark matter that we see that we claim to be ''dark matter''. My super noob thought: Maybe it's not a particle and pure empty space, and that all the particles that are not in this space are attracted to each other, making bigger gaps, letting it ''assume to be more'' dark matter than matter, clustering so to say. (didn't watch the full interview yet)
You cannot see dark matter. Everything you see are electromagnetic waves and dark matter does not produce or interact with electromagnetic fields by definition. In other words dark matter is really really easy to miss. We can see clumps of it because it warps spacetime, but seeing tiny bits of it is tough.
Thanks for replying to my question. To me, it would make a lot more sense that dark matter is black holes. We all know that a ridiculous amount of mass can hide from our observation in a very small space. That makes perfect sense to be the explanation for dark matter. It’s like the answer is staring us in the face. Particles??? They can’t amount to enough mass. Not without being seen. Unless they are a part of the matter we see and know. But they would have to be a very big part. And that just doesn’t make sense.
Billions of nuetrinos pass through me every second and have no noticable consequences. Even at night, which is remarkable since they come from the sun. Think of all the photons that hit your eye from across the galaxy on a dark cloudless night. Travelled across the galaxy since jesus was a toddler carrying that little bit of energy (which equals mass) just to get to you. I wonder if it was curving spacetime a teeny little bit as it went, but no one could interact with it directly or they would wreck it. Probably a lot of them out there that are destined to hit a rock or something a few billion years from now.
As a collaborative project, why can’t we make a giant investment - programming and tasking AI with taking available experimental data to try to re-hash the existing parameters of the standard model? Sure the cost could be managed down to be less than the LHC …
That would be awesome. I've often wondered what other theories could be developed that would fit all the current data. I guess if it were possible, someone would've done it already. But I often wonder, what if we're wrong about the standard model? Like completely wrong? Not sure that's even possible but. .
matter causes gravity to start attracting each other and thus grows stronger. anti gravity could be acumilation of strings vibrateing easily and accumalte in the vibration of matter if somehow A FIELD COULD BE CREATETED to induce a ripple or wave that could be surfed
Uh, Frank Wilczek is one of the smartest humans that has ever existed. He is the equal of Von Neumann in this generation, in my opinion. Doesn't change the fact that he is really smart.
I don’t comment often and acknowledge Wilczek’s accomplishments. I watch EH pretty regularly and love the material. Great channel - I mean great. This guy Wilczek is obviously highly intelligent and I hope his theory on dark matter is on the money. Solving the dark matter puzzle would me monumental and undoubtedly lead to more discoveries about reality. I was personally irked by Wilczek’s unapologetic ego and I don’t believe we are as close to understanding the meat of reality as this guy (in various ways) implies. And he is premature to implicitly speak of himself on Albert Einstein footing. Just my take. And all that being said - I do believe we need more scientists thinking the way Wilczek seems to think.
@@EventHorizonShow I agree. I don't get that vibe with him. He's obviously really intelligent and beyond expert on his subject. Like you said, it's confidence. I guess it comes off that way to some people.
We are not looking for conscious multicellular organisms like humans, beavers, or even insects on Mars. We are nonetheless looking for life, single-celled life is at least what defines a living entity. So what does consciousness have to do with defining life? Not much. People speak this way because our science is so lost about how to define life in a way that applies to all living entities, nonetheless, the answers have been thought of.
@17:30 Divine Revelation--the implication being ALL 'science' in the broadest possible sense, truly is, 'the Lord's work,' truly is, the EVER-revealed ETERNAL perfection of the 'scared scriptures' such that there ever are any.
BTW, I never read Spinoza... (Some day I'm going to!) But I also declare myself as a pantheist. And I would say that the difference between atheism and pantheism, for me, can be reduced to 2 things: the use of the word "god" and the feeling of connection to everything else you have. You know? So... As some people say, it's just poetic atheism. Which is a description I do like. 😊
Dark matter is the corrective math that we use to true up our limited mathematics with our observations. We had to invent something that is a massive percentage of the universe to make our math work. We did the same thing with mercury's precession. We used our limited math to conjure up an entire planet that HAD TO EXIST between mercury and the sun whose gravity was causing mercury's unaccounted for precession that we observed. Of course, the reality of the situation was that we lacked an understanding of what was taking place until Einstein came along. That same condition prevails when vieing galaxies at a distance. We assume that they (the distant galaxy) is suspended on a minkoski type space framework and that all the motions of the stars in that galxy or 'orbital'. And we then take the 'orbital' velocities of stars at different distances from the center to determine masses etc. But what we arent recognizing is that the entire galactic system is in rotation with some very pronouncced time dilation taking place near the center. How do you tease out rotational velocity from orbital velocity? Not by adding a halo of undetectable wierdly interacting matter surrounding galaxies. that doesnt even pass the sniff test for plausibility. At least Planet Vulcan was plausible
I didn't even get into dark energy, which is another name we've given to our ignorance of what is taking place. We are not inertial observers. It is far more elegant and within the standard model to suggest that the acceleration we see in the exapnsion of space is due to our own clock time slowing as we either: get closer in a degrading orbit to SAG A* or get closer to some other primordial massive object in our near neighborhood This progressive slowing of clock time will yield the same observations as we see now without the need to invent something that isnt there [dark energy] so you have dark matter and dark energy which academia says simply HAVE to be there and that they HAVE to make up nearly 95% of our universe. I'd say that the truth of the matter is that we 'understand' about 5% of what's going on and the rest is hypothesis and corrective math to make the numbers match the observations.
@@Scifi_Ape I got the gist of it, here's an earnest attempt at a response though I smell a troll i fail to see the correlation between what Im postulating [that dark matter is the corrective math we use to true up our precitions with observations and is there fore not real] with the below nonsense from mr harveytrons. "The cornerstone of my hypothesis is that the electron is not in fact a fundamental solid particle, but a cluster of very much smaller negatively chargeed monopole particles called ' Harvetrons ', which form a cloud that fills every available empty space within the atom, and every available space throughout the universe." the fabric of space time is not composed of harveytrons - universal inflation is just as easily explained as Ive done above by acknowledging that we are not inertial observers and are likely experiencing a slowing of our clock time. "a). How is it possible for a single electron as in the case of the hydrogen atom, to form an ' Electron Cloud ', that fills the whole area between the nucleus and the outer boundary of the atom, at every moment in time, when this area is over 100,000, 000 times that of the electron?" It's possible if the energy field of the proton, which pulses out and then snaps back and creates a cavitating wave function that only tears at one point in the fabric of space time creating a 'negative' particle called the electron that is appearing to 'orbit' the proton nucleus that's how it's a wave and a particle at the same time. An atom is like a heart beat. The higher the energy output of the proton the greater the 'orbital plane' or 'plane of appearance' of the electron(s) for that particular element
It is supermassive black holes at the centre of galaxies, not fictional dark matter, which is the cause of the outer galactic disc orbiting faster than expected. The singularity collapses space into two dimensions and attenuates it's gravity along it's 2D horizon and not a 3D axis. It's why the inverse square of gravity doesn't agree in 3 dimensions.
Satellites in circumpolar orbits obey the inverse square law just fine, as do stars in similar orbits around Sagittarius A*, which is a super massive black hole.
As an artist I must add that the beauty of the natural world isn’t akin to the beauty of art but rather art is a crude representation of the glory of the natural world. Serious artists get this early and base their work on the concept. God is the original and most profound artist of all. Color theory, geometry, tonality, texture, emotion and story are all His creation. We only discover bits of it at a time and through our hubris, claim that we are the true artists. The same goes for science. We create crude devices such as the car, plane and computer and marvel at our own intelligence when the one who created us - the most complex and beautiful of creations - gets cast aside in all but the rarest of scientific discussions. Let’s suppose God is the source of creation and truth and let these be our basis for scientific exploration. I challenge and scientist alive to do this. I would wager you will uncover marvellous wonder at every turn. Love your channel, just wanted to share my perspective from where I sit. Bless you all.
![[LIVE] : ONE ลุมพินี 80 | คู่เอก "รักษ์ vs ยอดนำชัย"](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/ckLMRorsMeY/mqdefault.jpg)
Do you think Frank Wilczek's Axion's are what Dark Matter is made of? Tell John what you think!
WIMPs
I'm wondering if dark matter could be particles that get their mass from the other energy state of the Higgs boson/field.
Here's something to ponder. Experiments have shown that a small amount of mass is "lost" when a person dies. Let's call this mass the soul. Then take a less hubristic idea of the soul to assume that ALL physical constructs are the embodiment of a soul experiencing a different sort of consciousness. Thought it might be difficult to calculate the total mass of all souls, it is certainly plausible that it could account for dark matter, and certainly as valid a conjecture as positing some new "god" particle. Prove my theory wrong, I dare you.
No clue - but I think when we discover the physics of dark matter and dark energy it might represent us passing a great filter!
Dark matter particles consist of 90-95% of all particles who've lost their quantum pair when crossing an event horizon. Hawking radiation is nonsense. Prove me wrong...
I like the fact that he doesn't really speculate a whole lot. He's clear about what has warrant for belief and what doesn't
That's the only mindset possible if progress can be made
you have been interviewing some top scientists lately!! amazing growth...I follow your channel John Michael Godier!! amazing!!! Love Frank Wilczek's knowledge!! cheers mate!!
Lately? More like from day one! :)
I'm honestly surprised that you haven't had a Nobel Laureate on yet, never mind a prize winner. The quality on this channel is so consistently amazing.
Onwards and upwards, John. Onwards and upwards.
Thanks!
For years I thought Albert Einstein was a theoretical physicist but it turns out that he was a real live person.
You are mistaken, he is not a real live person.
Your videos help to shed off the mental noise of a chaotic workday and find that humble silence where you remember grand scopes and big pictures of this reality. Then appreciate it with a big breath of fresh air. The editorial choice of music always goes great towards this as well.
I was inspired early in life by reading "Longing for the Harmonies" about Frank's Nobel prize and his general views of physics at the time. If anyone can describe complex physical ideas in a way that I can understand, it's Frank!
Great interview!
I’m so amazed that you got Frank Wilczek on! I look forward to seeing what will develop from his research in the following years (and Event Horizon with John Michael Godier, of course!)
Amazing as usual!
So excited for my wake up podcast with JMG and Frank Wilczek, coffee and brilliance, that's a morning.
Particle physics mystified me, and is the reason I was determined to use my physics background to work in engineerting. And now, years later, the field appears to be even more mystifying to me.
Fantastic interview, John! Thanks! 😃
About quantum gravity... I've got the feeling that when someone cracks up the problem other physics are to look it and say... "Hum... Why didn't I think of this before?" 😬
Anyway, stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
So - an interview with the guy that invented axions. Way cool!
Discovered not invented
@@Freddie_Dunning-Kruger_Jr. There is no proof that axions exist. He invented the concept. Yet to be proven.
since I read "a beautiful question" a long while ago, way before Frank got the Nobel prize, I've been in love with this man, I envy his students
Excellent interview. It’s always great listening to Frank Wilczek.
(I prefer to view crystal nucleation and formation as a “transient process” rather than a spontaneous one. In fact crystal growth is a slow process in comparison to many other chemical processes. If you look at entropy changes in crystal growth it appears to violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics but it doesnt. When a liquid crystallizes into a solid, it gives off heat to its surroundings ie the latent heat of fusion. This heat causes an increase in disorder in the surroundings. So even though the crystal has low entropy, its formation increases the entropy of the surroundings enough so that the process has a net positive entropy change for the universe, Total entropy S = S [system] + S [surrounding] , goes up. I really can’t think of anything in nature that is truly a spontaneous process, there is always something going on in the background, sometimes it’s known and sometimes it’s unknown)
Hidden variables. Einstein agreed with you.
SO excited to listen to this John. Seriously, your content across both channels is such a blessing. I feel like I'm listening to a good friend explaining their thoughts to me - partly because you're so friendly and intriguing, but also because your approach and openness match my sensibilities. I think it's the right approach, but I'm a little biased. ;)
Enjoy, there's tons of new content coming on all channels. I've been busy.
Perfect timing. Just getting settled in with a drink and a snack to do some work at the old home office.
Oh, can't wait to get off work and dive into this one.
Thank you Frank, I just ordered your book. And thank you John hosting this channel and exposing me to these wonderful minds.
After listening to hundreds of your shows-and I love them- I just have to say your closing music is absolutely beautiful and gels perfectly with the vibe of your channel. I love it, had to say :--)
He's always used fantastic music. Check out Stellardrone, the composer for the music played throughout
Dark Matter and Dark Energy have been 2 of my favorite subjects for a while, I am not sure why but I guess it just intrigues
me that there is something so mysterious in the Universe that our best minds and years of knowledge accumulated by building on the science before us still
has these mysteries that remain. Entanglement is another topic I love.
The beginning of this show reminds me of another show I just watched where they were explaining that physics does not explain how the universe works, physics explains how we perceive the universe works or something along those lines.
Was that concept on Space Time a cpl days ago? I found that interesting as well!
Wouldn't it be nice to have a physicist or engineer as president.
If axions came from even earlier than the CMB, would it not be possible to investigate with longer wavelength light?
Wow this is an academic super heavyweight. Great guest!
Congrats John on yet another distinguised Guest!
Very Interesting and inspiring interview! Congratulations 🤗
I've just fallen into the event horizon, can someone call my boss and tell him I might be late tomorrow 🌑
Great interview! Best on youtube. Thanks for the episode.
Funny thing is, maybe even after finding out what dark energy and dark matter is we will against unveil some strange mystery and cycle of deciphering (understanding) it will start again! I believe universe will never stop giving us goosebumps and total surprise face
Amazing episode!
Very interesting stuff, as always!
Einstein was functionally an atheist - but also smart enough to not say so outright.
I like Prof. Wilczek's idea (from The Beautiful Question) of looking for new scientific discoveries by finding 'missing pieces' in natural patterns and symmetries! I think that's probably the kind of out of box thinking that sets apart the few brilliant scientists from the mass of really good scientists …
Re. time crystals: When I heard 'naturally occuring clocks', my first thought was pulsars.
Great video and information !
This was an interesting interview. The attempts during the interview to divert the discussion onto sidetracks were handled well, and were equally illustrative.
I could listen to this guy ALL DAY!
I love the story of the name Axion. It reminds me of the story of how the band Incubus picked their name. Just rummaging through a dictionary for a cool name, because they were about to be announced and didn't have one.
It’s named after a washing powder is it not ?
@@kryten6569 It sure was.
Named after a red dwarf?
@@deltalima6703 my ship
:D
Hey man, being in hospital for week or so. I’m really glad you can be here with me and take my mind away
Hope you recover quickly.
Thanks for bringing us quality content again. It is good to have a channel like this that shows how we as a species can try to solve complex problems and learn about our incredible universe, in a time dominated by darker news of war and economic downturn.
The recent video about UAPs made me think again about that phenomena - I am sceptical about aliens visiting the earth on a routine basis - but I have always been aware that I could be wrong about that. I have seen several UAP myself - and always tried to categorise what they were.
Most were obviously satellites doing things like tumbling or "flaring" as light caught them a certain way.
One was a silent red orb - I had never heard of a chinese lantern before my sighting!
I once saw a small flame falling in the distance. That turned out to be a drop tank jettisoned by a USAF F111 on a training mission. The drop tank had caught on fire mid flight. You don't see things like very often in the midlands over here in the UK.
Another example was a red and purple pair of dancing lights seen at night. A few nights later I drove past a pair of kites being flown that had LEDs on them - one had Red LEDs, the other purple. I think that the people flying them were possibly trying to provoke "alien" sightings as a laugh.
However, I think that UAP should be intensively studied - at the very least we will be learning a lot about how our planet works if it is a natural phenomena. It they are artificial - we need to find out who makes them. We will probably then know the answer to the fermi paradox.......
i dont think you could see a satellite with a naked eye
And to think that people who are exorbitantly paid to decide the colour of the latest box of Biff, Zip or Blam had unknowingly set in motion a pathway to the name that may define Dark Matter for eons to come.
So if this guy discovers dark matter, it will be named after a detergent he saw as a youth? That is ridiculously cool.
Regarding the "esthetic universe": By searching for answers in "beauty", "elegance", "esthetics" etc, I find it more likely that humans have aquired such tastes from the laws of the universe, rather than vice versa.
yeah, evolution gave us mental tools because they work. seeing beauty in a pattern that makes a complex thing simple, that's useful for survival!
Beautiful episode!
as fascinating as the concept is ngl i'm a little disappointed they wasted the name "time crystal" on something where when you touch it it doesn't show you how you're going to die
Love watching all your videos
If Gravity is a question of geometry (A.E) Then the best analogy for me to describe a situation where something in nature can describe the dark matter phenomena is when a carbon atom (Allotropical modification) can be graphite, soot, diamond, .. In a similar way space time describes this reality, In all this The most important thing is that such an approach gives answers Why is all (fractally finite (determined)) spiral and rotates in a circle. These are all geometry values that allow division with zero because, after all, everything is a point.
If we smoke enough doobies we can see all the dark matter.
Sometimes while I was listening to this, I forgot I was listening to Dr. Wilczek, and thought I was listening to Jeff Goldblum lol
We can detect dark matter, but are there particles we know nothing about?
How would we know?
if we knew those particles exist, they would be particles we know SOMETHING about
There almost certainly are particles that we know almost nothing about. Thats the best we got atm.
is there more proof of existence of axions or the existence of sterile neutrinos? Or is it all String "Theory" (the untestable hypothesis)?
Can't stand string theory. Find a way to test it, or I can't accept it as fact.
@@vallisdaemonumofficial Well I certainly hope you don't accept it as fact. A fact is merely an observation, a data point. Facts aren't proven, either, as a fact is by definition something that every concerned party has agreed holds a certain value, more or less. Laws are repeatedly observed facts, on the other hand hypothesis can graduate to theories. That said, string theory is nothing but bogus dogma. I'm sure mathematicians can find mathematically beautiful ways to model just about anything. None of these models are useful and only bog us down if they can't be tested and eventually make predictions.
Axions are testable, the guest goes into that in the interview on how he's devising a way to detect them. They are not a prediction of string theory.
@@phxcppdvlazi Holy shit balls, that was well said!
@@phxcppdvlazi I like your take on facts! Very interesting.
On string theory, wasn't it used to correctly predict the properties of the quark gluon plasma at LHC? That does not prove strings are real... but the theory could be useful math at least...
I think axions are a brilliant candidate for dark matter. As a thought experiment from a lay person a streached spring comes back to it's old position when released.The release would be the axion running back in time for a brief period although entropy will always increase in time on our clocks.
I really enjoyed this talk. Will rewatch.
OK, I'll be that guy...
A beautiful question is one whose answer is 42. 😛
My phone is clean.
Oh damn, strapping in for this one!
Thank you so much for not doing another episode on alien life or UAPs! IMO stuff like this is what we are going to figure out long before alien life.
Alien life is ok as long as it is something new. There isn't anything new due to lack of evidence. The WEBB will change that.
UAPs are just a large grouping of enexplained phenomenon, interesting for sure, but usually blown way out of proportion. I can only look at what are most likely software bugs or strange reflections so many times before shrugging.
@@Captaintrippz I feel the same way.
@@Captaintrippz I disagree.
@@robstewart1703 with any particular part? My assertion that they're likely to be software errors or reflections is based on their behavior on footage, and is far from settled, it's merely my best guess.
Weird... the best computer Operating System also shares its name with a laundry detergent.
I must compliment you for holding some form of restraint with your title of this clip. Click bait titles these days are extremely tiresome and I have come to the point where I will not click on anything that makes any sort of claim simply because the individual creating such video does not deserve my click.
As one approaches the speed of light there's time dilation, size shrink and mass increase. But, velocity is relative. Has anyone bothered to calculate gravity based on the mass at that speed? Galaxies are heavy and everything is moving really fast relative to each other.
Momentum is related to the movement, that is why the momentum of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency and inversely proportional to its wavelength. If the wavelength of a photon is known, its momentum can be calculated using the formula 𝑝 = ℎ 𝜆 . If the frequency of a photon is known, its momentum can be calculated using the formula 𝑝 = ℎ 𝑓 𝑐 . This implies momentum is not the cause of dark matter. If it was dependent only on velocity of mass, the photon would have 0 momentum.
@@brianstevens3858 are photons made of quarks? Why do they have to follow the same rules as normal matter?
To put it in simpler terms, While mass is the measure of inertia, it is dependent on the motion, this is why no matter how light you are at rest, when traveling near the speed of light you're also near infinite mass. The closer you get to light speed the more moment affects.
@@rexmann1984 The fundamentals underlay what make the rules, if you can find an exception to a fundamental it is no longer considered a fundamental, if you can falsify inertia/momentum affecting photons please do.
@@brianstevens3858 That sounds like exactly what I was originally saying... I'm not sure where we disagree. I think dark matter is actually the relationship of velocity between the galaxies making up for the mass needed for what we see.
great get, john. and well interviewed.
Hey. Tell Wilczek I figured it out. 1.The fundamental forces are probably unified at the center of a black hole. 2. You should treat the singularity as a single quantum particle residing within it's own gravitational potential well. This particular would be subject to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and therefore behave like a probability cloud and cause gravitational effects out to the edge of the galaxy providing the extra gravitational force instead of a dark energy particle. That's probably nonsense. Just a brainstorm. -Daemeon, M.S. Physics
Possibly. Why would the effect only be prevalent far from the SMBH and not close to it? What about the other effects dark matter has, besides rotation curves?
Haven't read the book, but if we consider all of nature as art, then what, if anything, is not art? Doesn't that make the idea of art meaningless?
consciousness attractive force of matter during our experience of reality is one of the universes emergent fundamental forces.
I wonder if the guest actually assumes that Mind emerges from Matter, or if he is just adopting the axiom for the sake of exploration.
Anytime I hear about axions and time crystals i always think of that movie land of the lost with will ferrell
Particles with memory?! Man i just released a simulation video where i showed electrons\protons doing this!!
I read about the phase memory of electrons about 35 years ago in New Scientist, there's also the possibility that space-time itself has memory, the work of Bevan L. Reid & William Tiller for instance
Alternative Explanation of Dark Matter and Dark Energy - Newly proposed model of Universe can explain both of Dark Matter and Dark Energy
The problem of modern physics is they're trying to explain everything with particle physics and the physics is being cornered more and more to the dead end. To escape the dead end, they invent or design another imaginary particle in vain instead of trying to revise their way to approach to the problem.
I agree to that idea that the interaction between mass and space must be explained with quantum mechanics.
But that doesn't mean gravity is the QM phenomena.
That's because gravity is not a force.
Gravity is just a joint effect of the expansion of the Universe and the curvature of spacetime.
Details are given below.
Einstein’s theory of General Relativity states that spacetime is curved by the presence of mass.
This curvature influences the motion other objects with mass and gives rise to gravitation.
Thus, gravity is a result of geometric features in spacetime.
However, we also observe gravitational effects - curvature of spacetime - in areas without any detectable mass.
This has given rise to the concept of dark matter, which is matter that does not interact in any detectable way with normal matter, except through gravity.
So, there is some large quantity of dark matter scattered throughout the universe, which curves spacetime and causes gravitational effects just like normal matter, but we cannot see or detect it with any known method.
An alternative theory to the identity of dark matter is proposed - it is not matter at all, but rather an intrinsic curvature of spacetime.
In other words, spacetime is not naturally flat. Even in the absence of matter, we observe some inherent curvature of spacetime.
So, the question is now - why is spacetime naturally curved? Why is it not flat in the absence of mass?
The universe is 4-dimensional, with 3 spatial dimensions and one dimension in time.
Rather than consider time as a linear dimension, we can consider it as a radial one.
Therefore, rather than describing the universe with a Cartesian coordinate system, we describe it with a 4-dimensional spherical coordinate system - 3 angular coordinates, φ1, φ2, φ3, and one radial coordinate in time, t.
We live on the 3-dimensional surface of a 4-dimensional bubble which is expanding radially in time.
Thus, the Big Bang represents t=0, the beginning of time.
The crucial point is that the expansion of the universe is not homogeneous in all directions.
The expansion rate at one point on the bubble’s surface may differ slightly from another point near it.
The universe is only roughly spherical in 4 dimensions, the same way that the Earth is only roughly spherical in 3 dimensions.
The same way we observe local mountains and valleys on the surface of Earth, we observe local “mountains” and “valleys” on the surface of the universe bubble.
The inhomogeneity of the expansion of the universe has given rise to natural curvature of spacetime. This natural curvature causes the phenomenon of “dark matter”. “Valleys” in spacetime pull matter in, similarly to the warping of spacetime of massive objects.
So “dark matter” is really “valleys” in spacetime that are expanding slower than the regions surrounding it.
These valleys tend to pull matter in and create planets, stars, and galaxies - regions of space with higher-than-average densities of mass.
Conversely, “mountains” in spacetime will repel matter away, an “anti-gravitational” effect, which gives rise to cosmic voids in space where we observe no matter.
Each point on the surface of the universe bubble traces out a time arrow in 4-dimensional space, perpendicular to the surface.
These time arrows are not parallel to each other since the universe is not flat.
This causes points to have nonzero relative velocity away from each other.
It is generally accepted that the universe is expanding faster than observable energy can explain, and this is expansion is believe to be still accelerating.
The “missing” energy required to explain these observations has given rise to the theory of dark energy.
The time dilation caused by non-parallel time arrows can be proposed as an explanation for dark energy.
Alternatively, dark energy is real energy coming from potential energy gradients caused by non-parallel time arrows.
As a sanity check, we can calculate the expansion rate of the universe based on the universe bubble model.
Since the radius of the universe bubble is expanding at the speed of light in the time direction, it increases at 1 light second per second.
Therefore, the “circumference” of the 3-dimensional surface increases by 2π light seconds per second, or about 1.88*10^6 km/s.
This expansion is distributed equally across the 3-dimensional surface, so the actual observed expansion rate is proportional to the distance from the observer.
At present, the age of the universe is estimated to be 13.8 billion years, so the radius of the universe bubble is 13.8 billion light years, or about 4233 megaparsecs (3.26 million light years to 1 Mpc).
Thus, we can calculate the expansion rate of the universe, per megaparsec from the observer, as:
Expansion rate = ((d(circumference))/dt)/radiusofuniverse=(1.88*〖10〗^6 km⁄s)/(2π*4233Mpc)=(1.88*〖10〗^6 km⁄s)/26598Mpc=70.82(km⁄s)/Mpc
The popularly accepted empirical expansion rate is 73.5 + 2.5 km/s/Mpc, so our calculated value is close.
There may be some additional source of expansion (or observed red shift) to make up for the discrepancy. For example, if two adjacent points have some gravitational gradient due to non-parallel time arrows, then light passing through these points will be red-shifted.
- Cited from www.academia.edu/82481487/Title_Alternative_Explanation_of_Dark_Matter_and_Dark_Energy
Would orbits be a time crystal? IT seems like they'd meet the criteria: an orderly arrangement in time with periodicity, and they form spontaneously. Actually, wouldn't most kinds of angular motion fit?
I can’t understand how an undiscovered particle can be dark matter. Isn’t there supposed to be twice as much dark matter as regular matter? Regular matter is made of particles in very high concentrations. Enough to form stars and planets and gas clouds etc… So how can there be so many of these undiscovered particles, to amount to enough matter… that would be more then what we can see?
I hope someone understands what I’m asking here. I mean… if there were that many axions or other particles… how could they ever amount to more matter than all our known elements in the universe??? Where are they hiding? Empty space? Where’s all the mass coming from?
Perhaps the axion is just the dark matter equivalent of our hydrogen? Just the lightest particle on a whole periodic table of dark matter particles. -assuming I understood your question properly-
My noob answer: Isn't that the big question all scientist are asking? Secondly, as far as I understood, it's the effect of dark matter that we see that we claim to be ''dark matter''. My super noob thought: Maybe it's not a particle and pure empty space, and that all the particles that are not in this space are attracted to each other, making bigger gaps, letting it ''assume to be more'' dark matter than matter, clustering so to say. (didn't watch the full interview yet)
You cannot see dark matter. Everything you see are electromagnetic waves and dark matter does not produce or interact with electromagnetic fields by definition. In other words dark matter is really really easy to miss. We can see clumps of it because it warps spacetime, but seeing tiny bits of it is tough.
Thanks for replying to my question. To me, it would make a lot more sense that dark matter is black holes. We all know that a ridiculous amount of mass can hide from our observation in a very small space. That makes perfect sense to be the explanation for dark matter. It’s like the answer is staring us in the face.
Particles??? They can’t amount to enough mass. Not without being seen. Unless they are a part of the matter we see and know. But they would have to be a very big part. And that just doesn’t make sense.
Billions of nuetrinos pass through me every second and have no noticable consequences. Even at night, which is remarkable since they come from the sun.
Think of all the photons that hit your eye from across the galaxy on a dark cloudless night. Travelled across the galaxy since jesus was a toddler carrying that little bit of energy (which equals mass) just to get to you. I wonder if it was curving spacetime a teeny little bit as it went, but no one could interact with it directly or they would wreck it. Probably a lot of them out there that are destined to hit a rock or something a few billion years from now.
I see frank wilczek mentioned, I click.
Finally, not rehashed alien vid...
I have to know. Where did your intro girl get her accent? New Zealand? Honestly, if I met a girl who spoke like that, I'd fall in love immediately.
There are smart people, then there are smart people that fill in the gaps for smart people
As a collaborative project, why can’t we make a giant investment - programming and tasking AI with taking available experimental data to try to re-hash the existing parameters of the standard model? Sure the cost could be managed down to be less than the LHC …
That would be awesome. I've often wondered what other theories could be developed that would fit all the current data. I guess if it were possible, someone would've done it already. But I often wonder, what if we're wrong about the standard model? Like completely wrong? Not sure that's even possible but. .
A.I is the future of particle physics (plus so experimentation to confirm or falsify it).
matter causes gravity to start attracting each other and thus grows stronger. anti gravity could be acumilation of strings vibrateing easily and accumalte in the vibration of matter if somehow A FIELD COULD BE CREATETED to induce a ripple or wave that could be surfed
It was my impression that axions had been ruled out for dark matter.
The background music is rather distracting.
Uh, Frank Wilczek is one of the smartest humans that has ever existed. He is the equal of Von Neumann in this generation, in my opinion. Doesn't change the fact that he is really smart.
If you simply stop thinking and live then theres nothing to be solved.
14 hours late to the party
I got some catching up to do
I'll just pop this here: 🤓Betteridge's Law states that any headline ending with a question mark can be answered by the word 'no'.
I think math, science, and technology are just magic but real and not just illusions.
what is mind? no matter. what is matter? nevermind
This man definitely does not have Asperger's.
I don’t comment often and acknowledge Wilczek’s accomplishments. I watch EH pretty regularly and love the material. Great channel - I mean great. This guy Wilczek is obviously highly intelligent and I hope his theory on dark matter is on the money. Solving the dark matter puzzle would me monumental and undoubtedly lead to more discoveries about reality. I was personally irked by Wilczek’s unapologetic ego and I don’t believe we are as close to understanding the meat of reality as this guy (in various ways) implies. And he is premature to implicitly speak of himself on Albert Einstein footing. Just my take. And all that being said - I do believe we need more scientists thinking the way Wilczek seems to think.
Surprised you feel this way. He was extremely kind and nice to spend an hour of his time to come on the show. Confidence does not equate to ego.
@@EventHorizonShow I agree. I don't get that vibe with him. He's obviously really intelligent and beyond expert on his subject. Like you said, it's confidence. I guess it comes off that way to some people.
By the time we roll through his credentials.. he ll have like 5 mins to speak on subject 😂
We are not looking for conscious multicellular organisms like humans, beavers, or even insects on Mars. We are nonetheless looking for life, single-celled life is at least what defines a living entity. So what does consciousness have to do with defining life? Not much. People speak this way because our science is so lost about how to define life in a way that applies to all living entities, nonetheless, the answers have been thought of.
idk, but single cells do have a sense of self!
More gold.
Starts at 4:00
@17:30
Divine Revelation--the implication being ALL 'science' in the broadest possible sense, truly is, 'the Lord's work,' truly is, the EVER-revealed ETERNAL perfection of the 'scared scriptures' such that there ever are any.
"anna" eryn knight is cool!
I put axion in my washing machine and it spun a lot faster.
Symmetry is indeed found in the most beloved works of art... unless, apparently, you are a designer of expensive fashions. /boggle
BTW, I never read Spinoza... (Some day I'm going to!) But I also declare myself as a pantheist.
And I would say that the difference between atheism and pantheism, for me, can be reduced to 2 things: the use of the word "god" and the feeling of connection to everything else you have. You know?
So... As some people say, it's just poetic atheism. Which is a description I do like. 😊
I don’t think we will ever find dark matter. I think Our understanding of Gravity is incomplete
Axion sounds like a name for a gay bath house and gym.
To me it sounds like a name you'd apply to the nervous system or the synapses of the brain.
Geeeez… get your head out of the gutter! 😭😂
AND gym… not just the bath house? Has to have the gym in there too?
@@poloska9471 Yes
Yes Xions are dark matter if
Zions are light matter?
M Braithwaite Yorkshire
Viking
22:30 Sabine Hossenfelder would like to have a word with you
Sabine is stuck on herself.
@@booklover6753 but her point of our concept if beauty and how the universe really works being different still stands
Lol it's those lazy relaxions. Should've known.
5:08
Dark matter is the corrective math that we use to true up our limited mathematics with our observations. We had to invent something that is a massive percentage of the universe to make our math work.
We did the same thing with mercury's precession. We used our limited math to conjure up an entire planet that HAD TO EXIST between mercury and the sun whose gravity was causing mercury's unaccounted for precession that we observed.
Of course, the reality of the situation was that we lacked an understanding of what was taking place until Einstein came along.
That same condition prevails when vieing galaxies at a distance.
We assume that they (the distant galaxy) is suspended on a minkoski type space framework and that all the motions of the stars in that galxy or 'orbital'. And we then take the 'orbital' velocities of stars at different distances from the center to determine masses etc.
But what we arent recognizing is that the entire galactic system is in rotation with some very pronouncced time dilation taking place near the center.
How do you tease out rotational velocity from orbital velocity?
Not by adding a halo of undetectable wierdly interacting matter surrounding galaxies. that doesnt even pass the sniff test for plausibility. At least Planet Vulcan was plausible
@@Scifi_Ape Harveytrons? seriously?
I didn't even get into dark energy, which is another name we've given to our ignorance of what is taking place.
We are not inertial observers.
It is far more elegant and within the standard model to suggest that the acceleration we see in the exapnsion of space is due to our own clock time slowing as we either:
get closer in a degrading orbit to SAG A*
or
get closer to some other primordial massive object in our near neighborhood
This progressive slowing of clock time will yield the same observations as we see now without the need to invent something that isnt there [dark energy]
so you have dark matter and dark energy which academia says simply HAVE to be there and that they HAVE to make up nearly 95% of our universe.
I'd say that the truth of the matter is that we 'understand' about 5% of what's going on and the rest is hypothesis and corrective math to make the numbers match the observations.
@@Scifi_Ape I got the gist of it, here's an earnest attempt at a response though I smell a troll
i fail to see the correlation between what Im postulating [that dark matter is the corrective math we use to true up our precitions with observations and is there fore not real] with the below nonsense from mr harveytrons.
"The cornerstone of my hypothesis is that the electron is not in fact a fundamental solid particle, but a cluster of very much smaller negatively chargeed monopole particles called ' Harvetrons ', which form a cloud that fills every available empty space within the atom, and every available space throughout the universe."
the fabric of space time is not composed of harveytrons - universal inflation is just as easily explained as Ive done above by acknowledging that we are not inertial observers and are likely experiencing a slowing of our clock time.
"a). How is it possible for a single electron as in the case of the hydrogen atom, to form an ' Electron Cloud ', that fills the whole area between the nucleus and the outer boundary of the atom, at every moment in time, when this area is over 100,000, 000 times that of the electron?"
It's possible if the energy field of the proton, which pulses out and then snaps back and creates a cavitating wave function that only tears at one point in the fabric of space time creating a 'negative' particle called the electron that is appearing to 'orbit' the proton nucleus
that's how it's a wave and a particle at the same time.
An atom is like a heart beat.
The higher the energy output of the proton the greater the 'orbital plane' or 'plane of appearance' of the electron(s) for that particular element
It is supermassive black holes at the centre of galaxies, not fictional dark matter, which is the cause of the outer galactic disc orbiting faster than expected.
The singularity collapses space into two dimensions and attenuates it's gravity along it's 2D horizon and not a 3D axis. It's why the inverse square of gravity doesn't agree in 3 dimensions.
Satellites in circumpolar orbits obey the inverse square law just fine, as do stars in similar orbits around Sagittarius A*, which is a super massive black hole.
@@booklover6753 So the stars above the galactic disc orbits as expected, stars in the galactic disc are not?
As an artist I must add that the beauty of the natural world isn’t akin to the beauty of art but rather art is a crude representation of the glory of the natural world. Serious artists get this early and base their work on the concept. God is the original and most profound artist of all. Color theory, geometry, tonality, texture, emotion and story are all His creation. We only discover bits of it at a time and through our hubris, claim that we are the true artists. The same goes for science. We create crude devices such as the car, plane and computer and marvel at our own intelligence when the one who created us - the most complex and beautiful of creations - gets cast aside in all but the rarest of scientific discussions. Let’s suppose God is the source of creation and truth and let these be our basis for scientific exploration. I challenge and scientist alive to do this. I would wager you will uncover marvellous wonder at every turn. Love your channel, just wanted to share my perspective from where I sit. Bless you all.