Thanks for watching and contributing to the conversation. If you like this or any other video on this channel, be sure to SUBSCRIBE to catch all of the newest content when it comes out.
My husband's family pioneered the Granada area (pronounced Gran-(long A)-da. His mother remembers the Japanese coming into town to shop. Luckily, the local high school principal and some students have taken it upon themselves to restore and document Amache. It looks much better today. One of the state legislators is trying to have the site declared a historic site.
Oh wow. How amazing to have such a close connection to history. It amazes me how those men and women went through that ordeal with so much dignity. Thank you for sharing that.
The Japanese unit was the 442nd Inf, Reg. 1800 awards was given to this unit in a 2 month period, including 21 Medal of Honors. they earned 8 presidential unit citations (5 of them were earned in one month).
I just wanted to how much I enjoyed watching your videos. I live in the Philippines and have visited Camp O'Donnel often in Tarlac where the defenders of Bataan were interned after the Bataan Death March. More than 1,500 American and around 20,000 Filipino soldiers died here due to neglect, disease and starvation after they surrendered to the Japanese in 1942. I hope you have the chance to visit this place in the future.
i think the writing you spoke about on the headstone monument says "Monument to the spirits of the dead, erected by the Japanese residents/prisoners of the Amache Internment camp in September of 1945."
I just stumbled upon this channel and holy crap!. I’ve been missing out big time!. If anyone asked me what would be the ideal TH-cam channel you’d watch this is it!!. 👍🏼 for all those History Nerds our there!
Luke Randall - Wow. Thank you. From one history nerd to another, that means a lot. I hope that the future episodes continue to live up to that standard.
This is important history, thanks for sharing. We complain today about the smallest inconvenience and need to think on what others have gone through, not just in the past, but around the world today. I find the personal stories of people the most compelling aspect of history. What we live now, will be history those in the future look back on.
I recently visited the Manzanar Internment camp. It was mind blowing to imagine living in such a desolate place within the confines of barbed wire and guard towers. Definitely a dark spot in our history. And yet many volunteered to fight when given the opportunity.
Starting in 1943 the internees were able to leave the camps, but they could not return to the West Coast Exclusion Zone. Some 15,000 to 20,000 internees left the camps for the Chicago area during the war. Most settled in the Arlington Heights area of Chicago.
It's a part of our history we shouldn't be ashamed of... Japanese would put American POW in pig cages and cut them open with machetes really good and then throw em in the ocean to watch the sharks slowly eat them alive and the entire village would come watch the show. And let's not even talk about what they did to the Chinese. Think the US showed tremendous amount of class and not being savages twds what was seen as possible enemy combatants at the time.
I grew up in Southern Oregon and we were able to drive to and see what was left of one of the camps just over the border with California. It's something that I'll always remember.
I didn't know of this place and I lived in Fort Collins, CO for a spell. I never bothered to go to that section of the state since it is short grass semi-arid prairie, nothing out there and I lived next to the foothills. I have studied WWII for years, since I was in middle school. I even took a WWII class at CSU. Damn shame what we did to our fellow American. Those who enlisted served in Europe. One unit won the most medals out of all other unites in the military for their actions in combat
Steven Burkhardt - I don’t know that many know about it. I actually did a video at Ft Collins as well. Pretty sure that it was Episode 13. It’s titled “Saddam’s Spider Hole & the 4th Infantry Division”. Thanks for watching!
Several years ago I transcribed many hours of interviews with people that had been interned at the various camps. The interviews were to be made into a book, but I don't know if it ever got published. I will admit I was taken aback, as I never knew (up until that point) that these camps had existed. Thank you for covering this.
There is another internment camp similar to that along highway 395 as you drive toward southern california, you can still see the original look out towers, rock walls & barbed wire fencing that still remain
@@TheHistoryUnderground not off the top of my head I dont but I can look it up; my 8th grade history teacher used to tell stories of how his family was placed in one of the internment camps during WWII but his family was Philippino, not Japanese American so it was also the people of phillipine origin that went to the camps not just the japanese Americans
@@TheHistoryUnderground the name of the interment camp in southern california is Manzanar, & from what I read it's the first interment Camp that was opened at the start of the war & is still the best preserved one today
I once asked my dad and his three brothers what my paternal grandparents, who were married in 1940, thought about these camps. My granddad didn’t like the idea and me grandmother stood with Roosevelt. To give this short story some extra interest, my grandad helped train members of the 10th Mountain Division how to pack horses and mules when the 10th did their training at Camp Hale, Colorado.
Great episode, man. One day I'll be covering this story along with the story of Jimmie Omura, the reporter who diligently covered the stories of the camps. Heavy stuff, but needs to be discussed.
I stumbled onto this channel totally by accident. Thank you for presenting history, as objectively as possible while providing video and insight into historical places and events. You've added a few places to me "to visit" list.
Excellent! I can never stress enough how much I really like what you're doing. Thank you so much. I noticed on one of the graves that it was a baby that died on Christmas day in 1944. Like that family didn't have enough to deal with. You also use a drone as well? You get some really good shots and you do a heck of a job. A heck of a good job. Please keep them coming and I hope you have a great New Year. See you later!
Alexander Patrick - Thanks. I really appreciate that. I wondered if anybody would catch the grave of the baby there. I included that without any commentary and thought that I would just let it speak for itself. Heck of a thing that those people went through.
I'm a new subscriber to your channel. I've always wanted to go see Granada but never made it, despite it only being 150 miles from where I grew up and lived most of my life. It had a significant place in my mind as a child. You see, before I was born, when they were tearing down the barracks, my grandfather and father went there and collected a truck load of windows. As a child I would look out those windows which had been installed in our family home, and imagine what it must have been like for those people imprisoned there to stare out said windows, longing for freedom and home. We still own the house with those windows still to this day. As a side note....the 1941 GMC pickup that they hauled the windows with still sits at the family ranch in front of the house with those very windows. I really enjoy your videos, your faith, and the history that you are sharing. Feel free to contact me if you wish by sending me your email and I will respond. Tom & Kim.
I just found your channel and I immediately clicked on this video when I saw the topic! I'm surprised that there's anything there at all, so seeing the foundations and a monument is amazing. My grandma was interned at Minidoka in Idaho, and my grandpa was interned at Rohwer in Arkansas, so this really hit close to home for me. I've visited Minidoka, but chances are I'll never visit Rohwer any time soon. If you ever go to Arkansas for one of your videos, if you end up choosing to visit Rohwer I would love to see what's left of that place as well. Thank you for this wonderful trip through history, your videos are so well done! I'm going to watch your other vids, I hope you have a wonderful day :)
Wow! How fascinating. I’ll bet they had some stories. I’m planning on getting over to Arkansas at some point and would love to try and see what’s left of those camps. Thanks for sharing that and thanks for watching!
Waterloo the town I grew up in , had German WW2 prisoner of war camp. My neighbor Bob was a military police. A German fighter pilot and ace whittled him an exact replica of his ME109 that he used to fly. What a beautiful sentiment!
I love how you explore places way off the beaten path that few other TH-camrs themselves do. You should make a video about the unofficial first Battle of the Civil War at Carthage, MO and the second largest cavalry engagement of the Civil War in Mine Creek, KS. These places kind of like Granada, CO are rarely discussed, yet all three were sites of U. S. history. Well done History Traveler!
The Japanese tombstone says (from left) Amachi (kanji for "Amache") Granada War Relocation Center The center says IREI TOU which means "Memorial Tower" The right is the date, Showa 20, or 1945, the yar the war ended.
Now that my history classes have switched to an online format due to Corona virus, I'm looking for some supplemental materials to really bring history to life for my students (I had a box full of original newspapers, magazines, and a few items from key points in history but it's in my classroom and I'm not). These videos seem like they may be perfect. Although I currently need WWII and later only, I appreciate that you cover a variety of time periods. Your channel, specifically your WWI American cemetery in Paris video, was mentioned in a teacher resources group I'm in. Thanks a bunch!
Be watching in the coming weeks. It'll be nothing but WWII material (starting with the most recent video). You might also check out the very first episode on this channel. There should be a new upload every Monday and Thursday. Crazy times, but I'm glad that the channel can serve as a resource. If you wouldn't mind, give it a share where you can. Hopefully it can help some people during this time.
"Go for broke!", the motto of the 442nd RCT Nisei unit. They got my respect. America was built on so much injustice to so many ppl; American Indians, Blacks, Asians, Irish, Italians.. etc. We have to do better. It still is a great country. We could do so much better only if we were to elect the right ppl into the office.
You should come up to Cody, Wyoming. Not only is it the town created by Buffalo Bill, but we have the Heart Mountain Internment Camp with an absolutely amazing museum nearby. Plus we're not too far from the Little Bighorn Battlefield (Custer's Last Stand). And, if you come to the Buffalo Bill Center of the West (where I work) I can introduce you to our bald eagle, Jade - since you were excited to see a wild one fly by. Love your work, please keep doing what you're doing!
Manzanar in California has been restored and is an interesting place to explore with a fine education/visitor center. It's a lonely place near Lone Pine. A sad chapter in US history.
I've also been there. The camp was also the basis for the movie "Farewell to Manzanar" which I had actually watched as a child. I agree... it was a very sad chapter in our Nation's history.
Thanks! I really appreciate that. If you like WWII history, there are some episodes coming up in the spring that I really think that you're going to like. If you see any episodes that stand out and wouldn't mind sharing, I'd appreciate it.
I live in CA and have visited the Manzanar camp that is just outside of Lone Pine and before Independence. It's important that you mentioned FDR and the fact that he was an imperfect President. In these times of finger-pointing, the tearing down of statues, and complete lack of inability to research anything before speaking, it's important that we embrace our history (good and bad) and not seek to destroy it (quite literally) and act as if it never happened. With that said, you mentioned that FDR was one of our greatest Presidents because he led us through the great depression. While I agree that he does come up quite a bit in national surveys for that reason, I would submit that FDR was one our worst Presidents. Aside from the fact that FDR unconstitutionally sent Japanese Americans to our version of a concentration camp, history is beginning to show that FDR actually prolonged the great depression. He did so by doubling taxes, making it more expensive for employers to hire people, making it harder for entrepreneurs to raise capital, demonizing employers, destroying food, promoting cartels, breaking up the strongest banks, forcing up the cost of living, channeling welfare spending away from the poorest people, and enacting labor laws that hit poor African Americans especially hard. It is said that the great depression would have only been half as long, had FDR done nothing at all. I would reccomend that anyone interested should read the Cato Policy Report, published in July/August of 2003. In it, goes into great detail of how the New Deal worsened the plight of the American people and and helped to prolong the great depression. You can see it by visiting: www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/policy-report/2003/7/powell.pdf
I agree he was big government at it's best. Luckily the Supreme Court struck down a lot of his programs. Of course his greatest sin was a forth term as President. Claiming he was too important to the country and war to not run for reelection. Also the fact that he hid his polio from the people was less than honest.
Great job brother!👍 Very interesting video. I very much agree with your comment, “learning from history”, be it good or bad. Thanks for what you do. 👍😎👍
Jeff Baloga - Thanks for the kind words. There’s a weird trend going on right now where people are wanting to cancel, erase or rewrite history. Like I said, I prefer to leave it as it is and learn from it.
It's unfortunate but noteworthy how many Americans are unaware that Canadians of Japanese ancestry were also interned in similar camps throughout Canada during the Second World War.
Another amazing video history underground. About a couple hours from where I live in Tennessee over in Kingsport there’s a interment camp for both Japanese Americans and also German Americans/ “German spy’s”. When I was there a few years ago a couple of the shacks and bungalows are still there.
One part I didn't understand. No guns allowed, yet watch for the rattlesnakes. That would probably be a good area to wear some kind of snake-proof boot or steel toe. One thing you could invest in would be a Camelback water bag to keep you hydrated on those long trips.
It's part of the U.S. National Park Service, so I get why there are no firearms allowed. I was just extra cautious and figured that if I left them alone, they'd leave me alone.
I grew up in La Mesa, CA with a Japanese American family next door. My parents bought our house in 1949 (for $11,000) and the Uratas moved in 3 or 4 years later. A petition was circulated to prevent them from moving in and I'm proud to say that my father went to a meeting of the neighbors and shredded their petition. The Uratas were from coastal southern California where their families had profitable farms. The area was called La Jolla. Their land was taken and they never got it back. Mr. and Mrs. Urata met and married in an internment camp in Minnesota, then Mr. Urata joined the Army and went to fight In Europe. After the war, as you said, they were given $25 and a bus ticket back to California. Ironically, the Japanese in Hawaii were not rounded up and contained. One of them, Tadashi Morimura, was a spy for Japan. He used to watch Pearl Harbor from the Natsunoya Tea House in Alewa Heights, feeding information to Japan that ultimately led to the attack Dec. 7, 1941. A further, small note of interest: My mother was an English war bride, a widow with a small son when she met my father who was stationed in England. Dad married mom, adopted her son, then I was born and he brought us all to live in San Diego after the war. (Mom's first husband was 23 when he was killed flying a P51. He was the 'old man' of the squadron.) When I became aware, in my teens, of what the Urata family had endured during the war I mentioned it to my mother. She said, "Yes, I know. Everybody had to live in camps during the war and at least no one was shooting at them. They were given food and shelter, no bombs fell on them. They were safe." To say the least, she had no sympathy for them. I think she was practicing a sort of war time one upmanship. I LOVE your posts! Thank you.
Oh...that baby...on Christmas. That poor family. This is less than 3 hours from me, and I had no idea it was there. Adding this site to our homeschooling field trip list. We'll go in a cooler month. :-). Thank you!
You need a horse to traverse those grounds. However, love your videos always well done and with respect to the historical figures and places that you enlighten your audience with.
We actually stopped here in 2022 on a trip across country. It's really interesting even though not much is there. I guess from what I have read they have gotten funding to revitalize the area.
Camp Micheaux is near Gettysburg Pa. It was a POW camp and used to extract information from the POW's by whatever means......? The camp has a load of foundations including a fountain in the center of the camp and also names of German POW's in the cement..... Worth the visit but, hard to find. It is located at Pine Grove/Catoctin state park off route 30 (Lincoln Hwy) research it before you go... Love your passion, wish I had the time to travel the USA!
I have been out to the Topaz site and museum. It was so sad to think about American citizens to be locked up like that, and then when they were released they had lost everything.
God bless you for sharing a hidden history. Both of my parents and their families were forcibly removed from homes and farms in California and Oregon. Three of my uncles were with the much decorated, brave soldiers of the 442nd. The youngest was killed in action April 22, 1944 while his siblings, American citizens, were still imprisoned in concentration camps. I’m retired and I’m only now learning about my family. They never spoke of this period due to the shame…for the sake of the children.
If you ever make your way out to California Sierra Nevadas, you should go see Manzanar War Relocation Center. My Mother was born there in 1945. They have a great museum and recreations of the barracks etc.
I was surprised to learn that other countries also had Japanese internment camps during WWII, including Canada. Japanese fishermen from the west coast of Canada were not allowed to return to their town after the war so most of them settled in Quebec.
I just now watched the video. I am from Arkansas. If you want to visit other relocation sites, there are 2 in Arkansas & a museum. It's the Japanese-American Relocation camps in Rowher & Jerome, AR. The museum is in between the camps in McGehee, AR. I have several pictures taken in 2015.
20 years after WWII I was in high school and there was not a word spoken about these camps - even by my historian father. I have to wonder if they were torn down cause of no need or to cover up a huge mistake.
To be fair, almost all of these structures built during WWII were torn down when they weren’t being used anymore. The same happened with thousands of military barracks.
Your channel is great. I am a Vietnam-American currently living in Saigon. Myabe one day you can do some Vietnam battle fields battles. I been to many of those. The khe Sanh hill still there and now is a museum. Keep up the great works. Jamie Ma
Excellence in your video! Glad you didn't see a rattlesnake! I grew up in Montana and growing up in a high dessert climate, my mom would warn us to watch out for them. Now with my grandchildren today, I have to warn them of sex predators. These are so much worse to watch out for.
Thanks! Appreciate that. The original reason that I started doing these videos was to provide a resource for history teachers and students. If shown in class, most teachers need a video to be brief, hence the shorter runtime for the videos. Appreciate you watching though!
Just saw this and had a high school friend whose parents were interred in one of these camps. They were amazing people and seemed to have forgiven the U. S. Government and moved on. David was born the same year as me, 1947. Thanks for all these historical videos you produce! RCunningham
Funny story. I was actually at Sand Creek the same day that I was at Granada. Unfortunately, the wind was blowing so hard that it blew out the audio and made the footage pretty much unusable. So I'll need to get back there someday and redo it.
And George Takei is adamant about calling these camps American internment camps...not Japanese. Americans ran these camps not the Japanese. He always makes this point in all his interviews. Great video as always!
@@DevilCruz13 - Thanks. Appreciate the compliment. And yes, those were legitimately American internment camps. I'll probably try and visit a few more in the future.
Morita was interned at age 11 after being transported directly from the hospital to Gila River internment camp in Arizona( where his family was already interned) A year and a half later they were moved to Tule Lake War relocation Center
The History Underground not that kind of camp, they would be able to come and go as the want. We have a huge homeless problem here and for the most part they are in tents and shantys around the local water ways dumping trash and their shit in the water that’s used for drinking water locally. The goal is to give them a space to get them selfs taken care of, away from the local drinking water they are contaminating
@@Billyboy4209 - Still a horrible idea, in my opinion. Seems like there would be some better options besides converting a historic location to a homeless encampment.
The History Underground it’s not treated as a historic site. They had been converted to horse stables many many years ago and are still used as such every year for the country fair...
I really enjoy your presentations. They are obviously well thought out and informative. I was however having some trouble hearing this one due to background wind. Being a complete history geek I have them all saved in order in a list. LOL
I got 4 comments: 1. Like you it sounds like, I am not a fan of Franklin Roosevelt. He was well liked and respected by a vast majority of the citizens and served the longest of any president as president, and I have nothing but admiration and humility for that and his handicap. It was an administrative order that he used and the length and the loss of property was wrong. The government should of made efforts to hold and protect their homes, farms and businesses and the internment should not of lasted for the duration of the war. 2. My mom and dad who are still alive were kids when Japan bombed Pearl. They remember and the West Coast was terrified. It was equal to or greater then what happened with the country during 911. The West Coast was waiting for an immediate invasion. We basically got our asses kicked and we brought it on to ourselves due to embargoes on oil, scrape and other trade goods that Japan needed. They had no alternative but to attack, but not without warning as they did. 3. One of my friends has parents and grandparents who were interned. I have heard his side more then once. Again, the internment was a reaction and it went on too long, and should of been reversed after 6 months or a year. 4. I have been to Manzanar in the Owens Valley, California many times and find it beautiful, ugly, harsh and spiritual because the Japanese had to deal with the wrath of tribulation from the American people's will. *Thank you for the video, I think you will do well in the years to come on this platform!
Back in the 1970's I saw a TV movie about a Japanese-American teen and her family who ended up in an internment camp. (I wish I could remember the name of that movie.) FDR was a great POTUS - but certainly not perfect.
Takei and his family were first interned at Santa Anita Park, later transfered to Rohwer War Relocation Center in Rohwer, Arkansas and finally to Tule Lake War relocation Center in CA
German Americans were not interred, because they didn't look different. Many of the people interred in these camps went home to nothing after the war because their homes and businesses were taken over by others during their absence. There's an old movie starring Spencer Tracy titled "Bad Day At Black Rock" that would be a good take. It's available on Amazon.
What I find the hardest to swallow about the whole internment camps is that most where American citizens and across the the fields in some places where german p.o.w. camps and the German got a hell of a lot better treatment than u.s. citizen got. Why I ask. WHY???
I certainly agree with your view of Executive Order 9066. Our Giants of US History certainly made mistakes and "come short of the glory of God" (Rom.3:23). It was bad enough to intern the Immigrants, but many of these Japanese Americans were US Citizens. One of our more shameful episodes in US History. Reminder of how flawed humanity can become. This my friend is History. We must live to learn from the past in the hopes of not repeating the dreadful mistakes again. Thank you for one of your earlier Episodes.
close to there is a indian massacre sight. I really don't know much about it, I plan on going one day but I heard it was comparable to wounded knee. but never gets talked about.
A dear friend living in Los Angeles during WWll remembers as an 5 yo having a button pinned on him every morning before leaving the house that said "I'm Chinese." So that he wouldn't be swept up (common occurrence) and sent to a camp.
Hi. I'm still loving the videos, but I thought you may want to know that I reckon you made a mistake on the size. Although it's big, I'm almost certain it isn't 9500 Acres. Wikipedia says it's 240 Hectares - which equates to approx 593 Acres, but if I'm honest even THAT figure looks exaggerated to me. I know an American Acre is slightly different to a British Acre but it's not a massive difference. Keep up the good work sir.
Cambell Evans - Appreciate the kind words. If you click on the link below and scroll down the 6th paragraph, you can see where I got my information from. I check on Wikipedia as well and it stated the same. This may be a dumb question, but is there a British Wikipedia that’s different? www.nps.gov/places/granada-relocation-center.htm
@@TheHistoryUnderground The US Wikipedia looks very similar to the one I saw in the UK but the size varies slightly. The US Wikipedia says that "central section" of Camp Amache is 640 Acres which is 75% the size of Central Park. I think where the confusion may have crept in is that what Wikipedia calls "Camp Amache" INCLUDES all the nearby agricultural land that was associated with what we would probably call the "Camp". I didn't realise this for ages, but what shows on Wikipedia can be changed by members of the public, which is a pity really because it leaves it wide open for abuse by bored school children or adults with nothing better to do.
I try to remember how scared people at this time. Now we can look back and tsk tsk at some of the things they did but would we be any different. I don't know. I like to think we would but I don't know. No one knew what would happen next and scared people do bad things. I'm not saying it was right but it was understandable.
Thanks for watching and contributing to the conversation. If you like this or any other video on this channel, be sure to SUBSCRIBE to catch all of the newest content when it comes out.
Well, I asked you to do a video from the Pacific Theatre,and here it is!!! Thanks,JD!! And God bless you ✝️
Luke Collins - Doing what I can 🙂
@@TheHistoryUnderground you're doing a stellar job, and please do not stop doing what you're doing, brother ✝️
We had an internment camp in Idaho, I believe it was in Jerome.
My husband's family pioneered the Granada area (pronounced Gran-(long A)-da. His mother remembers the Japanese coming into town to shop. Luckily, the local high school principal and some students have taken it upon themselves to restore and document Amache. It looks much better today. One of the state legislators is trying to have the site declared a historic site.
This video hits home for me. My grandfather was interred at Manzanar in California. Thanks for your hard work and great videos.
Oh wow. How amazing to have such a close connection to history. It amazes me how those men and women went through that ordeal with so much dignity. Thank you for sharing that.
Have you read FAREWELL TO MANZANAR?
th-cam.com/video/B80_wV0FtS8/w-d-xo.html
The Japanese unit was the 442nd Inf, Reg. 1800 awards was given to this unit in a 2 month period, including 21 Medal of Honors. they earned 8 presidential unit citations (5 of them were earned in one month).
This is an amazing piece of history that absolutely needs to be preserved.
I just wanted to how much I enjoyed watching your videos. I live in the Philippines and have visited Camp O'Donnel often in Tarlac where the defenders of Bataan were interned after the Bataan Death March. More than 1,500 American and around 20,000 Filipino soldiers died here due to neglect, disease and starvation after they surrendered to the Japanese in 1942. I hope you have the chance to visit this place in the future.
Thank you for taking the time to film and share your visits to these historic locales! Keep up the great work!
Barbara Coulter - Thanks. I enjoying sharing them. Got some big plans for 2020.
i think the writing you spoke about on the headstone monument says "Monument to the spirits of the dead, erected by the Japanese residents/prisoners of the Amache Internment camp in September of 1945."
Thanks!
I just stumbled upon this channel and holy crap!. I’ve been missing out big time!.
If anyone asked me what would be the ideal TH-cam channel you’d watch this is it!!.
👍🏼 for all those History Nerds our there!
Luke Randall - Wow. Thank you. From one history nerd to another, that means a lot. I hope that the future episodes continue to live up to that standard.
This is important history, thanks for sharing. We complain today about the smallest inconvenience and need to think on what others have gone through, not just in the past, but around the world today. I find the personal stories of people the most compelling aspect of history. What we live now, will be history those in the future look back on.
Ray Ross - Exactly. I’ve found that more people than not don’t even know that this piece of history even happened. Thanks for watching and sharing.
I recently visited the Manzanar Internment camp. It was mind blowing to imagine living in such a desolate place within the confines of barbed wire and guard towers. Definitely a dark spot in our history. And yet many volunteered to fight when given the opportunity.
Starting in 1943 the internees were able to leave the camps, but they could not return to the West Coast Exclusion Zone. Some 15,000 to 20,000 internees left the camps for the Chicago area during the war. Most settled in the Arlington Heights area of Chicago.
I found this channel a few weeks ago and ever since it has been my favorite on youtube! Love the history and the content! Keep up the amazing work!
Oh wow. That means a lot. Thank you. I'm pretty excited for the lineup for 2020. Might even be making a trip across the Atlantic to film some content.
Sad history. Let us learn and take better action. Thank you for your dedication to sharing history with us. So, glad you did not get rattlesnake bit.
Ha! Me too. I was legitimately nervous.
I think it was a little bit better than how invading Japanese treated their conquered inhabitants regarding mass killing and medical experiments.
It's a part of our history we shouldn't be ashamed of... Japanese would put American POW in pig cages and cut them open with machetes really good and then throw em in the ocean to watch the sharks slowly eat them alive and the entire village would come watch the show. And let's not even talk about what they did to the Chinese. Think the US showed tremendous amount of class and not being savages twds what was seen as possible enemy combatants at the time.
would like to see more about this subject. Thank you
I grew up in Southern Oregon and we were able to drive to and see what was left of one of the camps just over the border with California. It's something that I'll always remember.
I didn't know of this place and I lived in Fort Collins, CO for a spell. I never bothered to go to that section of the state since it is short grass semi-arid prairie, nothing out there and I lived next to the foothills. I have studied WWII for years, since I was in middle school. I even took a WWII class at CSU. Damn shame what we did to our fellow American. Those who enlisted served in Europe. One unit won the most medals out of all other unites in the military for their actions in combat
Steven Burkhardt - I don’t know that many know about it. I actually did a video at Ft Collins as well. Pretty sure that it was Episode 13. It’s titled “Saddam’s Spider Hole & the 4th Infantry Division”. Thanks for watching!
Several years ago I transcribed many hours of interviews with people that had been interned at the various camps. The interviews were to be made into a book, but I don't know if it ever got published. I will admit I was taken aback, as I never knew (up until that point) that these camps had existed. Thank you for covering this.
There is another internment camp similar to that along highway 395 as you drive toward southern california, you can still see the original look out towers, rock walls & barbed wire fencing that still remain
Emily Short - Oh my goodness. Do you know the name by chance?
@@TheHistoryUnderground not off the top of my head I dont but I can look it up; my 8th grade history teacher used to tell stories of how his family was placed in one of the internment camps during WWII but his family was Philippino, not Japanese American so it was also the people of phillipine origin that went to the camps not just the japanese Americans
@@TheHistoryUnderground the name of the interment camp in southern california is Manzanar, & from what I read it's the first interment Camp that was opened at the start of the war & is still the best preserved one today
Emily Short - Thanks. I haven’t been to California in 20 years but have been looking for an excuse to go back. Thanks for the info!
I once asked my dad and his three brothers what my paternal grandparents, who were married in 1940, thought about these camps. My granddad didn’t like the idea and me grandmother stood with Roosevelt. To give this short story some extra interest, my grandad helped train members of the 10th Mountain Division how to pack horses and mules when the 10th did their training at Camp Hale, Colorado.
Oh wow. That is incredibly interesting. Thanks for sharing that.
Great episode, man. One day I'll be covering this story along with the story of Jimmie Omura, the reporter who diligently covered the stories of the camps. Heavy stuff, but needs to be discussed.
Thanks. And I know absolutely nothing of Jimmie Omura so I'll be looking forward to that episode of History Impossible.
On what platform? You haven't uploaded in 2 years
J B - History Impossible is a podcast. I’m not sure where all it’s hosted on but I listen on the Apple Podcast app. Good stuff
I stumbled onto this channel totally by accident. Thank you for presenting history, as objectively as possible while providing video and insight into historical places and events. You've added a few places to me "to visit" list.
Awesome! Thank you.
Excellent! I can never stress enough how much I really like what you're doing. Thank you so much. I noticed on one of the graves that it was a baby that died on Christmas day in 1944. Like that family didn't have enough to deal with. You also use a drone as well? You get some really good shots and you do a heck of a job. A heck of a good job. Please keep them coming and I hope you have a great New Year. See you later!
Alexander Patrick - Thanks. I really appreciate that. I wondered if anybody would catch the grave of the baby there. I included that without any commentary and thought that I would just let it speak for itself. Heck of a thing that those people went through.
I'm a new subscriber to your channel. I've always wanted to go see Granada but never made it, despite it only being 150 miles from where I grew up and lived most of my life. It had a significant place in my mind as a child. You see, before I was born, when they were tearing down the barracks, my grandfather and father went there and collected a truck load of windows. As a child I would look out those windows which had been installed in our family home, and imagine what it must have been like for those people imprisoned there to stare out said windows, longing for freedom and home. We still own the house with those windows still to this day. As a side note....the 1941 GMC pickup that they hauled the windows with still sits at the family ranch in front of the house with those very windows. I really enjoy your videos, your faith, and the history that you are sharing. Feel free to contact me if you wish by sending me your email and I will respond. Tom & Kim.
I just found your channel and I immediately clicked on this video when I saw the topic! I'm surprised that there's anything there at all, so seeing the foundations and a monument is amazing. My grandma was interned at Minidoka in Idaho, and my grandpa was interned at Rohwer in Arkansas, so this really hit close to home for me. I've visited Minidoka, but chances are I'll never visit Rohwer any time soon. If you ever go to Arkansas for one of your videos, if you end up choosing to visit Rohwer I would love to see what's left of that place as well. Thank you for this wonderful trip through history, your videos are so well done! I'm going to watch your other vids, I hope you have a wonderful day :)
Wow! How fascinating. I’ll bet they had some stories. I’m planning on getting over to Arkansas at some point and would love to try and see what’s left of those camps. Thanks for sharing that and thanks for watching!
Waterloo the town I grew up in , had German WW2 prisoner of war camp. My neighbor Bob was a military police. A German fighter pilot and ace whittled him an exact replica of his ME109 that he used to fly. What a beautiful sentiment!
Heart warming and heart wrenching...Fairwell to Manzanar by Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston still in print. Truly worth reading.
I wonder if history is about to repeat itself in a different version soon.
I love how you explore places way off the beaten path that few other TH-camrs themselves do. You should make a video about the unofficial first Battle of the Civil War at Carthage, MO and the second largest cavalry engagement of the Civil War in Mine Creek, KS. These places kind of like Granada, CO are rarely discussed, yet all three were sites of U. S. history. Well done History Traveler!
One of many sad events in our history. Yes, I agree. People are human and make mistakes, hopefully we can learn from our past.
Well said.
Awesome video as always. Thanks for sharing. Have a happy New Year.
Thanks. I really had to go off of the beaten path to get to this one, but it was worth it. Hope that you have a Happy New Year as well.
Your videos are really well done. This channel is going to BLOW UP in 2020!
Jason Dananay - Ha! I hope so. The more that people are being exposed to history content, the better. Thanks for the kind words.
@@TheHistoryUnderground No problem. Seriously, it's a great channel. I subscribed and shared it
The Japanese tombstone says (from left) Amachi (kanji for "Amache") Granada War Relocation Center
The center says IREI TOU which means "Memorial Tower"
The right is the date, Showa 20, or 1945, the yar the war ended.
Thanks!
Now that my history classes have switched to an online format due to Corona virus, I'm looking for some supplemental materials to really bring history to life for my students (I had a box full of original newspapers, magazines, and a few items from key points in history but it's in my classroom and I'm not). These videos seem like they may be perfect. Although I currently need WWII and later only, I appreciate that you cover a variety of time periods. Your channel, specifically your WWI American cemetery in Paris video, was mentioned in a teacher resources group I'm in. Thanks a bunch!
Be watching in the coming weeks. It'll be nothing but WWII material (starting with the most recent video). You might also check out the very first episode on this channel. There should be a new upload every Monday and Thursday. Crazy times, but I'm glad that the channel can serve as a resource. If you wouldn't mind, give it a share where you can. Hopefully it can help some people during this time.
"Go for broke!", the motto of the 442nd RCT Nisei unit. They got my respect. America was built on so much injustice to so many ppl; American Indians, Blacks, Asians, Irish, Italians.. etc. We have to do better. It still is a great country. We could do so much better only if we were to elect the right ppl into the office.
If you think it’s hot there, visit the Gila River internment camp in the AZ desert.
Oh my gosh. That just sounds hot.
You should come up to Cody, Wyoming. Not only is it the town created by Buffalo Bill, but we have the Heart Mountain Internment Camp with an absolutely amazing museum nearby. Plus we're not too far from the Little Bighorn Battlefield (Custer's Last Stand). And, if you come to the Buffalo Bill Center of the West (where I work) I can introduce you to our bald eagle, Jade - since you were excited to see a wild one fly by. Love your work, please keep doing what you're doing!
Thanks! Cody is on my list.
Manzanar in California has been restored and is an interesting place to explore with a fine education/visitor center. It's a lonely place near Lone Pine. A sad chapter in US history.
I've also been there. The camp was also the basis for the movie "Farewell to Manzanar" which I had actually watched as a child. I agree... it was a very sad chapter in our Nation's history.
Just came across this channel. I love Ww2 history. Thank you !!!
Thanks! I really appreciate that. If you like WWII history, there are some episodes coming up in the spring that I really think that you're going to like. If you see any episodes that stand out and wouldn't mind sharing, I'd appreciate it.
I live in CA and have visited the Manzanar camp that is just outside of Lone Pine and before Independence. It's important that you mentioned FDR and the fact that he was an imperfect President. In these times of finger-pointing, the tearing down of statues, and complete lack of inability to research anything before speaking, it's important that we embrace our history (good and bad) and not seek to destroy it (quite literally) and act as if it never happened. With that said, you mentioned that FDR was one of our greatest Presidents because he led us through the great depression. While I agree that he does come up quite a bit in national surveys for that reason, I would submit that FDR was one our worst Presidents. Aside from the fact that FDR unconstitutionally sent Japanese Americans to our version of a concentration camp, history is beginning to show that FDR actually prolonged the great depression. He did so by doubling taxes, making it more expensive for employers to hire people, making it harder for entrepreneurs to raise capital, demonizing employers, destroying food, promoting cartels, breaking up the strongest banks, forcing up the cost of living, channeling welfare spending away from the poorest people, and enacting labor laws that hit poor African Americans especially hard. It is said that the great depression would have only been half as long, had FDR done nothing at all. I would reccomend that anyone interested should read the Cato Policy Report, published in July/August of 2003. In it, goes into great detail of how the New Deal worsened the plight of the American people and and helped to prolong the great depression. You can see it by visiting: www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/policy-report/2003/7/powell.pdf
More Government is not the answer. Today's politicians have learned nothing at all from history.
I agree he was big government at it's best. Luckily the Supreme Court struck down a lot of his programs. Of course his greatest sin was a forth term as President. Claiming he was too important to the country and war to not run for reelection. Also the fact that he hid his polio from the people was less than honest.
Great job brother!👍
Very interesting video. I very much agree with your comment, “learning from history”, be it good or bad.
Thanks for what you do. 👍😎👍
Jeff Baloga - Thanks for the kind words. There’s a weird trend going on right now where people are wanting to cancel, erase or rewrite history. Like I said, I prefer to leave it as it is and learn from it.
It's unfortunate but noteworthy how many Americans are unaware that Canadians of Japanese ancestry were also interned in similar camps throughout Canada during the Second World War.
Really? That’s the first time that I’ve ever heard that. Always learning something. Thanks!
Another amazing video history underground. About a couple hours from where I live in Tennessee over in Kingsport there’s a interment camp for both Japanese Americans and also German Americans/ “German spy’s”. When I was there a few years ago a couple of the shacks and bungalows are still there.
Oh wow. I really need to check that out. Do you know the name of the camp by chance? And thank you for the compliment.
The History Underground I believed it was camp Tyson, but I could be wrong. We had 4 camps in Tennessee. Tyson, Campbell, Crossville, and Forrest.
KZX Productions - Thanks. I’ll check those out.
You should check out the camp located just outside of Cody Wyoy
That one is high on my list. Thanks!
top notch video
Thanks! It was a pretty interesting place to see.
I live out in Rhode Island. In the Jamestown there is a site of a German POW camp. The area was heavily fortified with costal defenses during the war.
One part I didn't understand. No guns allowed, yet watch for the rattlesnakes. That would probably be a good area to wear some kind of snake-proof boot or steel toe. One thing you could invest in would be a Camelback water bag to keep you hydrated on those long trips.
It's part of the U.S. National Park Service, so I get why there are no firearms allowed. I was just extra cautious and figured that if I left them alone, they'd leave me alone.
In 1951 a movie about the Japanese Americans going to war for America was made. It is called "Go for Broke!"
I grew up in La Mesa, CA with a Japanese American family next door. My parents bought our house in 1949 (for $11,000) and the Uratas moved in 3 or 4 years later. A petition was circulated to prevent them from moving in and I'm proud to say that my father went to a meeting of the neighbors and shredded their petition. The Uratas were from coastal southern California where their families had profitable farms. The area was called La Jolla. Their land was taken and they never got it back. Mr. and Mrs. Urata met and married in an internment camp in Minnesota, then Mr. Urata joined the Army and went to fight In Europe. After the war, as you said, they were given $25 and a bus ticket back to California. Ironically, the Japanese in Hawaii were not rounded up and contained. One of them, Tadashi Morimura, was a spy for Japan. He used to watch Pearl Harbor from the Natsunoya Tea House in Alewa Heights, feeding information to Japan that ultimately led to the attack Dec. 7, 1941. A further, small note of interest: My mother was an English war bride, a widow with a small son when she met my father who was stationed in England. Dad married mom, adopted her son, then I was born and he brought us all to live in San Diego after the war. (Mom's first husband was 23 when he was killed flying a P51. He was the 'old man' of the squadron.) When I became aware, in my teens, of what the Urata family had endured during the war I mentioned it to my mother. She said, "Yes, I know. Everybody had to live in camps during the war and at least no one was shooting at them. They were given food and shelter, no bombs fell on them. They were safe." To say the least, she had no sympathy for them.
I think she was practicing a sort of war time one upmanship. I LOVE your posts! Thank you.
Oh...that baby...on Christmas. That poor family.
This is less than 3 hours from me, and I had no idea it was there. Adding this site to our homeschooling field trip list. We'll go in a cooler month. :-). Thank you!
You need a horse to traverse those grounds. However, love your videos always well done and with respect to the historical figures and places that you enlighten your audience with.
We actually stopped here in 2022 on a trip across country. It's really interesting even though not much is there. I guess from what I have read they have gotten funding to revitalize the area.
There's also a internment camp in Jerome Idaho.
"then why are all the gun pointed inside".. that hit me like a ton of bricks.
Heavy.
Camp Micheaux is near Gettysburg Pa. It was a POW camp and used to extract information from the POW's by whatever means......?
The camp has a load of foundations including a fountain in the center of the camp and also names of German POW's in the cement.....
Worth the visit but, hard to find. It is located at Pine Grove/Catoctin state park off route 30 (Lincoln Hwy) research it before you go...
Love your passion, wish I had the time to travel the USA!
I have been out to the Topaz site and museum. It was so sad to think about American citizens to be locked up like that, and then when they were released they had lost everything.
Interesting. I need to check that out. Thanks!
God bless you for sharing a hidden history. Both of my parents and their families were forcibly removed from homes and farms in California and Oregon. Three of my uncles were with the much decorated, brave soldiers of the 442nd. The youngest was killed in action April 22, 1944 while his siblings, American citizens, were still imprisoned in concentration camps. I’m retired and I’m only now learning about my family. They never spoke of this period due to the shame…for the sake of the children.
Thank JD for this video. I knew there were places like this but did not know exactly where. Well done!! God Bless
Thanks!
Excellent Video.......Thanks....
Thanks for watching! Glad that you enjoyed it.
Keep up the good work Sir!
If you ever make your way out to California Sierra Nevadas, you should go see Manzanar War Relocation Center. My Mother was born there in 1945. They have a great museum and recreations of the barracks etc.
ams30gts - I would very much like to get out there to see that. Thanks.
I was surprised to learn that other countries also had Japanese internment camps during WWII, including Canada. Japanese fishermen from the west coast of Canada were not allowed to return to their town after the war so most of them settled in Quebec.
There are many pieces of artwork done by residents of these camps . They are graphic and beautiful.
Come to Washington state. Our state fair is on the site of a camp.
Got a chance to visit Manzanar, the one in California last summer. It was a very somber experience.
I’ll bet. Really hope to visit there someday.
Amazing history
There was some kind of camp on Mount Lemmon in Tucson Arizona like this
I just now watched the video. I am from Arkansas. If you want to visit other relocation sites, there are 2 in Arkansas & a museum. It's the Japanese-American Relocation camps in Rowher & Jerome, AR. The museum is in between the camps in McGehee, AR. I have several pictures taken in 2015.
Oh wow. I'll have to check that out. Thanks!
20 years after WWII I was in high school and there was not a word spoken about these camps - even by my historian father. I have to wonder if they were torn down cause of no need or to cover up a huge mistake.
To be fair, almost all of these structures built during WWII were torn down when they weren’t being used anymore. The same happened with thousands of military barracks.
Your channel is great. I am a Vietnam-American currently living in Saigon. Myabe one day you can do some Vietnam battle fields battles. I been to many of those. The khe Sanh hill still there and now is a museum. Keep up the great works. Jamie Ma
Thank you
You could do tv documentaries. Very impressive every time.
Ha! I don't know about that, but thanks!
We have an ex internment camp just outside of Cody Wy. It's a museum now.
10:00 secs dignifed and interesting faces indeed.
Very much so.
Excellence in your video! Glad you didn't see a rattlesnake! I grew up in Montana and growing up in a high dessert climate, my mom would warn us to watch out for them. Now with my grandchildren today, I have to warn them of sex predators. These are so much worse to watch out for.
I really enjoy your videos, just wish they were longer
Thanks! Appreciate that. The original reason that I started doing these videos was to provide a resource for history teachers and students. If shown in class, most teachers need a video to be brief, hence the shorter runtime for the videos. Appreciate you watching though!
Just saw this and had a high school friend whose parents were interred in one of these camps. They were amazing people and seemed to have forgiven the U. S. Government and moved on. David was born the same year as me, 1947.
Thanks for all these historical videos you produce!
RCunningham
I know you probably already know but sand creek happened in Colorado as well 😕 Meeker is a other one I know about in Colorado as well .
Funny story. I was actually at Sand Creek the same day that I was at Granada. Unfortunately, the wind was blowing so hard that it blew out the audio and made the footage pretty much unusable. So I'll need to get back there someday and redo it.
The actor George Takei who played Mr Sulu in Star Trek was interred there as a child .
One of the most famous people who with his family were interned in one of the camps was George Takei
Bonnie Winograd - Yes. I need to find out what camp he was at. Thanks for pointing that out!
And George Takei is adamant about calling these camps American internment camps...not Japanese. Americans ran these camps not the Japanese. He always makes this point in all his interviews. Great video as always!
@@DevilCruz13 - Thanks. Appreciate the compliment. And yes, those were legitimately American internment camps. I'll probably try and visit a few more in the future.
@@dashrendar1074 - Oh wow! I had no idea. Thanks for that.
Morita was interned at age 11 after being transported directly from the hospital to Gila River internment camp in Arizona( where his family was already interned) A year and a half later they were moved to Tule Lake War relocation Center
Heart mountain, Powell Wyoming is another site, too.
Agreed on Roosevelt.
The one in Stockton,ca is still fully intact. One of the guys trying to become mayor there wants to turn it in to a homeless camp.
Oh my gosh. What a horrible idea.
The History Underground not that kind of camp, they would be able to come and go as the want. We have a huge homeless problem here and for the most part they are in tents and shantys around the local water ways dumping trash and their shit in the water that’s used for drinking water locally. The goal is to give them a space to get them selfs taken care of, away from the local drinking water they are contaminating
@@Billyboy4209 - Still a horrible idea, in my opinion. Seems like there would be some better options besides converting a historic location to a homeless encampment.
The History Underground it’s not treated as a historic site. They had been converted to horse stables many many years ago and are still used as such every year for the country fair...
Bilyboy - Gotcha. I understand now.
I really enjoy your presentations. They are obviously well thought out and informative. I was however having some trouble hearing this one due to background wind. Being a complete history geek I have them all saved in order in a list. LOL
I got 4 comments:
1. Like you it sounds like, I am not a fan of Franklin Roosevelt. He was well liked and respected by a vast majority of the citizens and served the longest of any president as president, and I have nothing but admiration and humility for that and his handicap. It was an administrative order that he used and the length and the loss of property was wrong. The government should of made efforts to hold and protect their homes, farms and businesses and the internment should not of lasted for the duration of the war.
2. My mom and dad who are still alive were kids when Japan bombed Pearl. They remember and the West Coast was terrified. It was equal to or greater then what happened with the country during 911. The West Coast was waiting for an immediate invasion. We basically got our asses kicked and we brought it on to ourselves due to embargoes on oil, scrape and other trade goods that Japan needed. They had no alternative but to attack, but not without warning as they did.
3. One of my friends has parents and grandparents who were interned. I have heard his side more then once. Again, the internment was a reaction and it went on too long, and should of been reversed after 6 months or a year.
4. I have been to Manzanar in the Owens Valley, California many times and find it beautiful, ugly, harsh and spiritual because the Japanese had to deal with the wrath of tribulation from the American people's will.
*Thank you for the video, I think you will do well in the years to come on this platform!
concerned1313 - Thanks!
Back in the 1970's I saw a TV movie about a Japanese-American teen and her family who ended up in an internment camp. (I wish I could remember the name of that movie.) FDR was a great POTUS - but certainly not perfect.
Agreed
Farewell to Manzanar.
Takei and his family were first interned at Santa Anita Park, later transfered to Rohwer War Relocation Center in Rohwer, Arkansas and finally to Tule Lake War relocation Center in CA
Holy smokes. I didn’t know that they moved anybody around that much. Thanks for the info!
I used Google Translate to translate the Japanese inscription. The large characters spell out "Consolation Spirit Tower"
Thanks!
I think its twin was Manzanar. My father-in-law lived at Manzanar during WWII
German Americans were not interred, because they didn't look different. Many of the people interred in these camps went home to nothing after the war because their homes and businesses were taken over by others during their absence. There's an old movie starring Spencer Tracy titled "Bad Day At Black Rock" that would be a good take. It's available on Amazon.
I’ll have to check that out. Thanks.
German Americans did "look different"> Native Americans are not Caucasoid.
such a sad part of history there is another one of these in Calif if I remember right
What I find the hardest to swallow about the whole internment camps is that most where American citizens and across the the fields in some places where german p.o.w. camps and the German got a hell of a lot better treatment than u.s. citizen got. Why I ask. WHY???
I certainly agree with your view of Executive Order 9066. Our Giants of US History certainly made mistakes and "come short of the glory of God" (Rom.3:23). It was bad enough to intern the Immigrants, but many of these Japanese Americans were US Citizens. One of our more shameful episodes in US History. Reminder of how flawed humanity can become. This my friend is History. We must live to learn from the past in the hopes of not repeating the dreadful mistakes again. Thank you for one of your earlier Episodes.
close to there is a indian massacre sight. I really don't know much about it, I plan on going one day but I heard it was comparable to wounded knee. but never gets talked about.
Sand Creek. I actually went there and filmed a video but the wind was so bad that it ruined the footage. Definitely need to go back.
A dear friend living in Los Angeles during WWll remembers as an 5 yo having a button pinned on him every morning before leaving the house that said "I'm Chinese." So that he wouldn't be swept up (common occurrence) and sent to a camp.
These Japanese/American internment camps are a black mark on our history ~we must not let our children forget lest they repeat!
Hi. I'm still loving the videos, but I thought you may want to know that I reckon you made a mistake on the size. Although it's big, I'm almost certain it isn't 9500 Acres. Wikipedia says it's 240 Hectares - which equates to approx 593 Acres, but if I'm honest even THAT figure looks exaggerated to me. I know an American Acre is slightly different to a British Acre but it's not a massive difference. Keep up the good work sir.
Cambell Evans - Appreciate the kind words. If you click on the link below and scroll down the 6th paragraph, you can see where I got my information from. I check on Wikipedia as well and it stated the same. This may be a dumb question, but is there a British Wikipedia that’s different?
www.nps.gov/places/granada-relocation-center.htm
@@TheHistoryUnderground The US Wikipedia looks very similar to the one I saw in the UK but the size varies slightly. The US Wikipedia says that "central section" of Camp Amache is 640 Acres which is 75% the size of Central Park. I think where the confusion may have crept in is that what Wikipedia calls "Camp Amache" INCLUDES all the nearby agricultural land that was associated with what we would probably call the "Camp". I didn't realise this for ages, but what shows on Wikipedia can be changed by members of the public, which is a pity really because it leaves it wide open for abuse by bored school children or adults with nothing better to do.
My great grandparents, grandparents and parents were in Manzanar. Thanks FDR, you should have listened to your wife and not Earl Warren.
What's different with today. Repeatimng history!
I try to remember how scared people at this time. Now we can look back and tsk tsk at some of the things they did but would we be any different. I don't know. I like to think we would but I don't know. No one knew what would happen next and scared people do bad things. I'm not saying it was right but it was understandable.